Misplaced Pages

#730269

40-506: Sandling may refer to: Places [ edit ] Sandling, Austria , in Altaussee Sandling, Folkestone , Folkestone and Hythe, Kent, England Sandling railway station Sandling, Maidstone , Kent, England Sandlings , Suffolk, England Other [ edit ] Sandling (Dungeons & Dragons) Richard Sandling , a British comedian Topics referred to by

80-661: A few percent of evaporite minerals, the remainder being composed of the more typical detrital clastic rocks and carbonates . Examples of evaporite formations include occurrences of evaporite sulfur in Eastern Europe and West Asia. For a formation to be recognised as evaporitic it may simply require recognition of halite pseudomorphs , sequences composed of some proportion of evaporite minerals, and recognition of mud crack textures or other textures . Evaporites are important economically because of their mineralogy, their physical properties in-situ, and their behaviour within

120-631: A last refuge for Nazi party, government and army staffs. Also entire pro-fascist governments that had been used by the Nazis in the Balkans took refuge in the region. As of the end of the war, nine pro-Nazi governments in exile from Eastern Europe stayed in Altaussee. Günther Altenburg for example served as head the Department of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria and Romania in Altaussee, where he oversaw

160-437: A picture into past Earth climates. Some particular deposits even show important tectonic and climatic changes. These deposits also may contain important minerals that help in today's economy. Thick non-marine deposits that accumulate tend to form where evaporation rates will exceed the inflow rate, and where there is sufficient soluble supplies. The inflow also has to occur in a closed basin, or one with restricted outflow, so that

200-522: A popular summer-resort. Especially writers and intellectuals, for example Hugo von Hofmannsthal , Jakob Wassermann , Theodor Herzl and Friedrich Torberg , spent their summer holidays in the small alpine village. After the annexation of Austria into the German Third Reich in 1938 the entire Ausseerland region (a small region in Styria consisting of Bad Aussee , Grundlsee and Altaussee)

240-491: Is a chart that shows minerals that form the marine evaporite rocks. They are usually the most common minerals that appear in this kind of deposit. Evaporite minerals start to precipitate when their concentration in water reaches such a level that they can no longer exist as solutes . The minerals precipitate out of solution in the reverse order of their solubilities, such that the order of precipitation from sea water is: The abundance of rocks formed by seawater precipitation

280-444: Is a water- soluble sedimentary mineral deposit that results from concentration and crystallization by evaporation from an aqueous solution . There are two types of evaporite deposits: marine, which can also be described as ocean deposits, and non-marine, which are found in standing bodies of water such as lakes. Evaporites are considered sedimentary rocks and are formed by chemical sediments . Although all water bodies on

320-588: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Altaussee The municipality is located in the small Ausseerland-Region within the Styrian part of the Salzkammergut in the district of Liezen in Styria . Altaussee covers an area of 92.11 km ² and is located at 712 m above sea level on the western shore of Lake Altaussee on the southwestern edge of

360-466: Is in the same order as the precipitation given above. Thus, limestone (dolomite are more common than gypsum , which is more common than halite, which is more common than potassium and magnesium salts. Evaporites can also be easily recrystallized in laboratories in order to investigate the conditions and characteristics of their formation. Recent evidence from satellite observations and laboratory experiments suggest evaporites are likely present on

400-690: Is no historical continuity of a settlement before the Middle Ages. The salt mine on the ground of the modern village was first documented in 1147 AD, the village itself in 1265. Around 1250 Philipp of Spanheim , the Archbishop-elect of Salzburg , occupied the Ausseerland and the Ennstal . For the coverage of his claim to power he built the small Pflindsberg castle on a hill east of the Altaussee village. He had to withdraw in 1254 and

440-457: Is pumped to the market town of Ebensee . In 2008, 61 employees produced 1,506,000m³ of brine, with a salt content of 450,000 tons. It is for this reason that Altaussee, and other local towns and villages such as Hallstatt , are now part of the Salzkammergut region. The oldest settlement on the ground of the modern village of Altaussee dates back to the Roman rule (200-400 AD). However, there

SECTION 10

#1732787059731

480-499: The Cenozoic , when immense forces between the colliding African and Eurasian plates caused the mountains to be uplifted. The limestones which make up the mountains are white to pale grey in colour, and formed relatively deep in the ancient Tethys Ocean . Because the rocks formed so deep, fossils are rare. However, corals are reported from the lower slopes of Loser mountain. Tectonics: a major tectonic fault line runs directly beneath

520-722: The Great Salt Lake in Utah and the Dead Sea , which lies between Jordan and Israel. Evaporite depositional environments that meet the above conditions include: The most significant known evaporite depositions happened during the Messinian salinity crisis in the basin of the Mediterranean . Evaporite formations need not be composed entirely of halite salt. In fact, most evaporite formations do not contain more than

560-458: The Sobibor and Treblinka extermination camps ) and Anton Burger (Commandant of Theresienstadt concentration camp ), tried to go into hiding in the village. On 8 May 1945 a reconnaissance squadron of the U.S. Seventh Army reached the Ausseerland region followed by the main force of the U.S. Army on the next day. Previously to the arrival of the U.S. Army, a self-employed civilian government

600-689: The Totes Gebirge . The community center is located in a valley, which is encircled by mountains. The most noticeable of these peaks are the Loser (1838 m) to the north, the Trisselwand (1755 m) to the east and the Sandling (1717 m) to the west. The highest mountain within the community area is the Schoenberg (2093 m) close to the border with Upper Austria . Due to the alpine location and

640-803: The Germany-impaired exiled governments of Bulgaria and Romania (see also: Bulgarian government-in-exile ). Ernst Kaltenbrunner , head of the SS-Reichssicherheitshauptamt , moved his headquarters from Berlin to the Villa Kerry in Altaussee in late April 1945. From here, with the help of Wilhelm Höttl , he was trying to contact the Western Allies to reach a separate peace. At the end of the war several high Nazi and SS officials, like August Eigruber , Hugo Jury , Adolf Eichmann , Franz Stangl (commandant of

680-573: The Lake Altaussee, approximately east–west, and terminates in the valley west of the Seewiese. The fault is seismically active, with small earthquakes common. On a hot, clear day in August 1998, a small earthquake on the fault (M=3) caught summer bathers by surprise with a low, rumbling sound and, a few minutes later, unusually high waves. Evaporites: Large evaporite reserves are present in

720-542: The Literatur museum inside, is in German. A saltmine tour through the Altaussee saltmine and the former Nazi Stolen Art Repository is available every hour in the summer. Hiking trails abound, with various gradings. They are marked with green and white signs. The lower ones are easy to follow while the more difficult routes are sometimes less well-marked. A paradise for outdoor enthusiasts and hikers. Flora and waterfalls make

760-460: The Nazis. These artworks were accumulated under the alias Sonderauftrag Linz (Special Commission: Linz) by Adolf Hitler and were intended for the planned Führermuseum in Linz , Austria. At the end of the war the entire depot included around 6,500 paintings, as well as many statues, furniture, weapons, coins, and libraries. After the occupation of Altaussee on 8 May 1945 by an American infantry unit,

800-545: The Sandling mountain, formed as a result of a major period of marine lowstand, when the sea level was low and the sea dried out. Panning and surface-level drift mining of the deposits dates back to Roman times, thanks to evidence from archaeological excavations in the 1990s, followed by similar local works from 200-400 AD. By 1147 the mines had become a commercial venture, controlled by the Rein Abbey near Graz . In 1211

840-568: The art depot was seized by the U.S. Army ( Monuments Men , events portrayed in the 2014 film The Monuments Men . A 7.5 km trail goes around the clear Lake Altaussee surrounded by 1838 m high Loser mountain the Trisslwand, the Tressenstein and other mountain ranges. Brown and white alpine-style houses with a beautiful church are in the center of town. The tourist bureau has a few English pamphlets, but most information, including

SECTION 20

#1732787059731

880-477: The attention of Adolf Hitler . Located close to his intended museum complex in Linz , inside the mine the conditions were constant: between 40 and 47 degrees; about 65 percent humidity; with the deepest tunnels more than a mile inside the mountain, safe from enemy bombs. The Nazi's built floors, walls, and shelving as well as a workshop deep in the chambers. Post-war after recovery of the art, brine production resumed. The mines are still operational today, and brine

920-552: The early 20th century. In 1906, a new brine pipeline through the Rettenbach Valley to Bad Ischl to supply the Solvay Works located in the market town of Ebensee . It is for this reason that Altaussee, and other local towns and villages such as Hallstatt , are now part of the Salzkammergut region. Production volumes in the following years quadruple, and employees double to 238. By 1938, the salt mine had come to

960-482: The following time the community attracted many top Nazis who inhabited these aryanized country estates. For example, three Nazi Gauleiter regularly spent their holidays in Altaussee: August Eigruber , Konrad Henlein and Hugo Jury . The Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels spent his holidays in an "aryanized" country residence at the neighbouring Grundlsee. As of spring 1944, there

1000-651: The forests and mountains even more attractive in the summer. The 9 km-long Loser Panorama Road leads to a perfect base (1.600 m) for hikes into the heart of the Tote Gebirge Mountain Range. From where the road ends it is only an hours walk to the Loser Peak (1.838 m). In the wintertime the ski resort of Loser offers 29 km slopes with all levels of difficulty. In addition there are other nearby ski resorts available. Evaporite An evaporite ( / ɪ ˈ v æ p ə ˌ r aɪ t / )

1040-461: The marine environments. Common minerals that are found in these deposits include blödite , borax , epsomite , gaylussite , glauberite , mirabilite , thenardite and trona . Non-marine deposits may also contain halite, gypsum, and anhydrite, and may in some cases even be dominated by these minerals, although they did not come from ocean deposits. This, however, does not make non-marine deposits any less important; these deposits often help to paint

1080-582: The mines were nationalised by Leopold VI, Duke of Austria , who transferred control to Unterlupitsch . With operations later transferred to Bad Aussee, investment in 1319 allowed the opening of the Steinberg tunnel. Followed by further periods on investment, by 1334, the mines were operated under license by the private Hallinger Union who employed 120 people, producing about 10,000 tonnes of product per annum. Renationalised by Frederick III in 1445, 120 people produced circa 10,00 tonnes of product per annum until

1120-591: The original water depth remains. At this point, minor carbonates begin to form. The next phase in the sequence comes when the experiment is left with about 20% of its original level. At this point, the mineral gypsum begins to form, which is then followed by halite at 10%, excluding carbonate minerals that tend not to be evaporites. The most common marine evaporites are calcite , gypsum and anhydrite , halite, sylvite , carnallite , langbeinite , polyhalite , and kainite . Kieserite (MgSO 4 ) may also be included, which often will make up less than four percent of

1160-458: The overall content. However, there are approximately 80 different minerals that have been reported found in evaporite deposits, though only about a dozen are common enough to be considered important rock formers. Non-marine evaporites are usually composed of minerals that are not common in marine environments because in general the water from which non-marine evaporite precipitates has proportions of chemical elements different from those found in

1200-545: The region returned to Styria . In the following centuries the Pflindsberg castle developed into a regional seignory with the right to hold high justice . It was administered by an official of the styrian Landesfürst . In 1848 manorialism was abolished in the cisleithanian part of the Austrian Empire and Altaussee became an autonomous political municipality. In the 19th century Altaussee evolved into

1240-414: The remaining water is enriched in salts, and they precipitate when the water becomes supersaturated. Marine evaporites tend to have thicker deposits and are usually the focus of more extensive research. When scientists evaporate ocean water in a laboratory, the minerals are deposited in a defined order that was first demonstrated by Usiglio in 1884. The first phase of precipitation begins when about 50% of

Sandling - Misplaced Pages Continue

1280-413: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Sandling . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sandling&oldid=1025453485 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1320-489: The sediment has time to pool and form in a lake or other standing body of water. Primary examples of this are called "saline lake deposits". Saline lakes includes things such as perennial lakes, which are lakes that are there year-round, playa lakes, which are lakes that appear only during certain seasons, or any other terms that are used to define places that hold standing bodies of water intermittently or year-round. Examples of modern non-marine depositional environments include

1360-452: The strong share of the Totes Gebirge about half of the municipal area consists of alpine wasteland, the rest are forests, grasslands and other land forms. Nearby towns are Bad Aussee , Hallstatt , Bad Goisern , Bad Ischl and Gmunden . The characteristic pale grey mountains which surround Altaussee are made of limestone , a carbonate rock. The age of these rocks are Triassic and Jurassic . The mountains themselves did not form until

1400-674: The subsurface. Evaporite minerals, especially nitrate minerals, are economically important in Peru and Chile. Nitrate minerals are often mined for use in the production on fertilizer and explosives . Thick halite deposits are expected to become an important location for the disposal of nuclear waste because of their geologic stability, predictable engineering and physical behaviour, and imperviousness to groundwater. Halite formations are famous for their ability to form diapirs , which produce ideal locations for trapping petroleum deposits. Halite deposits are often mined for use as salt . This

1440-399: The surface and in aquifers contain dissolved salts, the water must evaporate into the atmosphere for the minerals to precipitate. For this to happen, the water body must enter a restricted environment where water input into this environment remains below the net rate of evaporation. This is usually an arid environment with a small basin fed by a limited input of water. When evaporation occurs,

1480-707: The two great wars of the 20th Century, a total of 162 citizens of Altaussee fell as soldiers (44 in World War I and 118 in World War II ). On 1 July 1948 the village became part of the Austrian state Styria again. Until 1955 Altaussee was part of the American occupation zone in Austria . During World War II (1943–1945) the extensive complex of salt mines in Altaussee served as a huge repository for art stolen by

1520-480: Was a permanent shelter for Wehrmacht deserters, draft dodgers and resisters hidden in the rough terrain of the Totes Gebirge north of the village. This hideout called Igel (hedgehog), was provided with food by trusted third parties in the population. At the end of the war the Igel sheltered 35 people. The Ausseerland region was part of the so-called Alpine fortress . It is for this reason, why 1944/45 it became

1560-520: Was formed in Bad Aussee which preserved the order and ensured the supply of the population. Ernst Kaltenbrunner fled to the Wildensee alp nearby Altaussee where he was captured by a U.S. patrol on 12 May 1945. At the end of the war a box of 60 kg Nazi gold was found near the mansion in which Kaltenbrunner had lived. Much of it has been lost since the turmoil of the early post-war days. In

1600-429: Was incorporated into the new administrative unit Reichsgau Oberdonau ( Upper Austria ). The autonomy of the municipalities Bad Aussee, Grundlsee and Altaussee was dissolved and one single Bürgermeisterei (mayoralty) was established in Bad Aussee. The municipal offices of Altaussee and Grundlsee were henceforth field offices of Bad Aussee. The 29 country residences in possession of Jewish families were aryanized . In

#730269