75-1022: The Sankh River flows across Jharkhand , Chhattisgarh and Odisha states in India . The river flows for 240 kilometres (150 mi) before it meets the Koel River in Odisha. The river starts 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea level in Lupungpat village in Gumla district in Jharkhand and flows 67.5 kilometres (41.9 mi) in the state before entering Chhattisgarh . It runs a distance of about 50 kilometres (31 mi) in Chhattisgarh and enters Jharkhand again to flow for another 78 kilometres (48 mi). The river finally enters Odisha and travels another 45 kilometres (28 mi) before merging with
150-623: A "Yavana" army; the "Yavana" here probably refers to a Muslim general. F. Kielhorn identified Shri Pratapa (Śrī-Pratāpa) as a member of the Khayaravala dynasty , whose inscriptions have been found at other locations in the Rohtas district . The members of this dynasty ruled the Japila territory as feudatories, possibly that of the Gahadavalas . The Khayaravalas are probably represented by
225-633: A boycott of election while Jharkhand Mukti Morcha opposed this. The Jharkhand Area Autonomous Council bill passed in Bihar's legislative assembly in December 1994. The Jharkhand Area Autonomous Council were given responsibility for forty areas including agriculture, rural health, public work, public health and minerals. The council has power to recommend legislation to the Assembly through the state government and to frame bylaws and regulations. In 1998, when
300-677: A football match on the Hindu festival of Holi . His widow, Suman Mahato , the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha candidate, won the Jamshedpur Lok Sabha by-election in September 2007 and served in parliament until 2009. Jharkhand is located in the eastern part of India and is enclosed by West Bengal to the eastern side, Chhattisgarh and Uttar Pradesh to the western side, Bihar to the northern part and Odisha to
375-487: A protest march. Thousands of supporters of a separate state took to the streets led by Shahdeo. He was arrested and detained in a police station for hours along with many supporters. In 1999 the Bharatiya Janata party promised to form a separate Vanachal state if they won the state election with a majority of votes. After the last Assembly election in the state resulted in a hung assembly, RJD 's dependence on
450-761: A result of the Anglo-Maratha Wars and became known as Chota Nagpur Tributary States . Subjugation, colonisation and imposition of taxes by the British East India Company resulted in spontaneous resistance from the local people. Chuar Rebellion , the first revolt against the British East India Company led by Jagannath Singh Patar in 1767 with the Bhumij tribals. The Bhumijes again revolted in 1769–71, led by their Sardar Ghatwals in Dhalbhum. In 1769, Raghunath Mahato also revolted against
525-457: A river in India is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Jharkhand Jharkhand ( / ˈ dʒ ɑːr k ə n d / ; Hindi: [d͡ʒʱɑːɾkʰəɳɖ] ; lit. ' the land of forests ' ) is a state in eastern India . The state shares its border with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to
600-523: A splendid palace 'Mahal Sarai' for himself, renovated the rest of the fort, cleared up the ponds and made gardens in Persian style. The palace was constructed in a north-south axis, with its entrance to the west with barracks for soldiers in front. The fort is still in a fairly good condition. After the death of Man Singh, the fort came under the jurisdiction of the office of the Emperor's wazir from where
675-420: A tiny cupola, which opens into the women' quarters. From the fourth floor one can get a bird's eye view of the surrounding area, including Rohtasan Temple in the east, located about four kms away. The residential quarters of Raja Man Singh were on the first floor, which was connected to the ladies' rooms via a gateway in the east. Aina Mahal (Mirror Palace) was the palace of the chief wife of Raja Man Singh. It
750-753: Is 947 females to 1,000 males. The literacy rate of the state was 67.63% with Ranchi district being most educated at 77.13% compared to rural Pakur district being least at 50.17%. In social demographics, Jharkhand's Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes populations are 3,985,644 (12.08%) and 8,646,189 (26.21%), respectively. Nationally, they rank 14th and 6th, comprising 1.98% and 8.29% of the total population within these social groups. They are predominantly concentrated in south-western district Simdega (78.23%), Khunti (77.77%), Gumla (72.11%), Paschim Singhbhum (71.1%), Latehar (66.85%), and in Lohardaga district (60.21%). Languages of Jharkhand (2011) Jharkhand
825-687: Is a hierarchy of officials drawn from the Indian Administrative Service , Indian Police Service , Indian Forest Service and different wings of the state civil services. The judiciary is headed by the chief justice . Jharkhand has a High Court which has been functioning since 2000. All the branches of the government are located in the state capital, Ranchi. The state was formed with 18 districts that were formerly part of south Bihar. Some of these districts were reorganised to form 6 new districts, namely, Latehar, Saraikela Kharsawan, Jamtara, Pakur, Khunti and Ramgarh. At present,
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#1732772857324900-470: Is abode to hundreds of species of flora and fauna, as indicated within brackets: mammals (39), snakes (8), lizards (4), fish (6), insects (21), birds (170), seed bearing plants and trees (97), shrubs and herbs (46), climbers, parasites and semi-parasites (25), and grasses and bamboos (17). According to the 2011 Indian Census , Jharkhand has a population of 32.96 million, consisting of 16.93 million males and 16.03 million females. The sex ratio
975-411: Is due to the fact that the state harbours an abundance of natural resources, while its people live in abject poverty and destitution. The impoverished state provides ample recruits for communist insurgents, who argue that they are fighting on behalf of the landless poor and tribals that see few benefits from the resource extractions. As the federal government holds a monopoly on sub-surface resources in
1050-629: Is known as the Hathiya Pol or the Elephant Gate, named after the two elephants, which decorate it. It is the largest of the gates and was made in 1597 AD. The largest structure within the fort palace is, the Takht-e-Badshahi, where Raja Man Singh resided. It is a four-storied building, with a cupola on top. There is an assembly hall in the second floor and a gallery resting on strong, engraved stone pillars. The third floor has
1125-793: Is linguistically diverse, with speakers of Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, and Austroasiatic languages. Hindi is the official language and is spoken as the link language by the people of the state, although different regional languages exist. Some of which, including Nagpuri , Khortha , Kurmali , Magahi and Bhojpuri are categorised as 'Hindi languages' in the Indian census 2011. Jharkhand has accorded additional official language status to Angika , Bengali , Bhojpuri , Bhumij , Ho , Kharia , Kurukh , Khortha , Kurmali , Magahi , Maithili , Mundari , Nagpuri , Odia , Santali and Urdu . Religion in Jharkhand (2011) The other religions and persuasions mostly consists of adherents of Sarnaism . As per
1200-513: Is located in the middle of the palace. Some beautiful carvings can still be seen inside and at the entrance. An assembly hall, probably the Diwan-e-Khas or the hall or private audience is a little towards the west of Baradari or the hall of public audience. The hall is decorated with etchings of flowers and leaves, and lies on similarly decorated pillars. Outside the palace grounds are the buildings of Jamia Masjid, Habsh Khan's Mausoleum and
1275-431: Is situated at about 1500 feet above sea level. The 2000 old limestone steps were probably meant for elephants. For the visitor, they are exhausting climb of an hour and a half. At the end of the climb, one reaches the boundary wall of the fort. A dilapidated gate with a cupola can be seen there, which is the first of many gates provided for well-guarded entrances to the fort. From here one has to walk another mile or so before
1350-467: Is sometimes termed a resource curse : it accounts for more than 4% of India's mineral production but 39.1% of its population is below the poverty line and 19.6% of children under five years of age are malnourished. The word " Jhar " means 'forest' and " Khand " means 'land' in various Indo-Aryan languages . Thus "Jharkhand" means forest land . In the ancient period, in the Mahabharata ,
1425-560: Is the leading producer of mineral wealth in the country after Chhattisgarh state, endowed as it is with a vast variety of minerals like iron ore, coal, copper ore, mica, bauxite, graphite, limestone, and uranium. Jharkhand is also known for its vast forest resources. Jharkhand has been at the centre of the Naxalite-Maoist insurgency . Since the uprising of the Naxalites in 1967, 6,000 people have been killed in fighting between
1500-690: The 2011 census , Hinduism is the majority religion in the state at 67.8%, followed by Islam at 14.5% and Christianity at 4.3%. Other religions, primarily Sarnaism , claim to be 12.8% of the population. Hindus form majority in 19 out of 24 districts of the Jharkhand. Christianity forms majority in Simdega district (51.04%). Sarna forms majority in Lohardaga (51.01%), West Singhbhum (62.29%) and plurality in Gumla (44.62%) and Khunti (45.37%). Muslims have highest presence in Pakur district and Sahebganj district of Jharkhand forming 35% and 34% of
1575-604: The All Jharkhand Students Union , and the Congress came in one platform and formed the 'All Party Separate State Formation Committee' to start the movement. Shahdeo was elected as the convener of the committee. Voting on the Jharkhand Act was to be done on 21 September 1998 in the Bihar legislature. On that day the committee, under the leadership of Shahdeo called for Jharkhand Bandh and organised
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#17327728573241650-416: The All Jharkhand Students Union . They led the movement for a separate state of Jharkhand. The Jharkhand coordination committee (JCC), consisting of Ram Dayal Munda , B. P. Keshri , Binod Bihari Mahato , Santosh Rana and Suraj Singh Besra started a new initiative and tried to coordinate between different parties. Keshri sent a memorandum to form Jharkhand state in 1988. The Jharkhand co-ordination committee
1725-908: The British East India Company (EIC). In 1771, the revolt against the landlords and the British government was led by Tilka Majhi , a Paharia leader in Rajmahal Hills. Soon after in 1779, the Bhumij tribes again rose in arms against the British rule in Manbhum, called the Chuar Rebellion. In 1807, the Oraons in Barway murdered their landlord from Srinagar . The Munda tribe rose in revolt in 1811 and 1813. Bakhtar Say and Mundal Singh , two landowners, fought against
1800-699: The Eastern States Agency , the officials of which came under the direct authority of the Governor-General of India, rather than under that of any provinces. In March 1940, the INC 53rd Session occurred under the presidency of Maulana Azad at Jhanda Chowk, Ramgarh, which is now Ramgarh Cantonment . Mahatma Gandhi , Jawaharlal Nehru , Sardar Patel , Rajendra Prasad , Sarojini Naidu , Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan , Acharya J.B. Kripalani , Industrialist Jamnalal Bajaj and other great leaders of
1875-525: The Gauda king Shashanka . The Chandra and Tunga dynasties, which ruled in Bengal and Odisha regions respectively, traced their origin to a place called Rohitagiri, which may possibly be modern Rohtas. However, no evidence has been found at Rohtas to confirm this theory. A 1223 CE (1279 VS ) inscription suggests that Rohtasgarh was in possession of one Shri Pratapa. The inscription states that he defeated
1950-844: The Nagvanshi Maharaja of Chhotanagpur . Chero rule in the Palamu region lasted until the 19th century until internal conflict between various factions weakened the Cheros and they were defeated by the East India Company . Later Palamu estates were sold by the British. During the 18th century, regions under the Kings of the Chero dynasty, Nagvanshi dynasty, Ramgarh and Kharagdiha became parts of territories of East India Company . Ramgarh Raj along with estates of other chiefs in
2025-630: The rule of the British East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria , who, in 1876, was proclaimed Empress of India . The Cheros and Kharwars again rebelled against the British in 1882 but the attack was repulsed. Then Birsa Munda revolt, broke out in 1895 and lasted until 1900. The revolt though mainly concentrated in the Munda belt of Khunti, Tamar, Sarwada and Bandgaon. In October 1905,
2100-652: The British East India Company in 1812. The Hos in Singhbhum revolted in 1820 and a Kol revolt occurred in 1832. Also in 1832 the Bhumijs revolted again against the British, this time under the leadership of Ganga Narayan Singh , known as the Bhumij Rebellion . During the 19th century, large numbers of santals from Manbhum , Hazaribagh , Midnapore were settled by British in Damin-i-koh to cultivate
2175-704: The Christian Tribals Association, which submitted a memorandum to the Simon Commission to constitute a tribal state in eastern India. Prominent leaders like Jaipal Singh Munda and Ram Narayan Singh also demanded a separate state. In 1955, the Jharkhand Party , led by Jaipal Singh Munda, submitted a memorandum to the States Reorganization Commission for a separate Jharkhand state comprising
2250-645: The Congress extended support on the precondition that RJD would not pose a hurdle to the passage of the Bihar reorganisation Bill . Finally, with the support from both RJD and Congress , the ruling coalition at the Centre led by the Bharatiya Janata Party which had made statehood its main poll plank in the region in successive polls earlier, cleared the Bihar reorganisation Bill in the monsoon session of
2325-465: The Hanging House, as the fall from here is a straight 1500 ft down with no obstacles on the way. Locals have a story to tell about this place that this spot is the mouth of a cave, where a Muslim fakir (mendicant) is buried. It is said that he was thrown from here into the valley three times. In spite of being bound hand and foot, the fakir escaped unhurt each time. Ultimately he was buried in
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2400-699: The Indian freedom movement attended the Ramgarh Session. Mahatma Gandhi also opened the Khadi and Village Industries Exhibition at Ramgarh. At that time, under the leadership of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose a conference against Samjhauta was also completed. In Ramgarh, Subhas Chandra Bose was seen as president of the All India Forward Block and M. N. Roy was seen as leader of the Radical democratic party. After Indian independence in 1947,
2475-544: The Jharkhand state is still enclosed by forest. Forests sustain the population of elephants and tigers. Climate of Jharkhand varies from Humid subtropical in the north to tropical wet and dry in the south-east. The main seasons are summer, rainy, autumn, winter and spring. The summer lasts from mid-April to mid-June. May, the hottest month, characterised by daily high temperatures around 37 °C (99 °F) and low temperatures around 25 °C (77 °F). The southwest monsoon , from mid-June to October, brings nearly all
2550-665: The Koel. The South Koel enters Odisha and joins the Sankh River at Vedavyas near Rourkela from where it is called the Brahmani (see 22°14′45″N 84°47′02″E / 22.2458800°N 84.7837500°E / 22.2458800; 84.7837500 ). The 60-metre (200 ft) high Sadni Falls on the Sankh River at the edge of the Ranchi plateau is an example of scarp falls or knick line falls. This article related to
2625-519: The Makbara of Shufi Sultan. The beautiful stucco style, with the cupola resting on pillars reminds of the Rajputana style where the domed structures are known as chhatris. Each dome is accompanied by a minaret . This style had not been used in Bengal and Bihar earlier but its emergence at Rohtas was not surprising as more than half the fort's guardians came from Rajputana . About half a kilometer to
2700-539: The Naxalites and counter-insurgency operations by the police , and its paramilitary groups such as the Salwa Judum . Despite having a presence in almost 7.80% of India's geographical area (home to 5.50% of India's population), the state of Jharkhand is part of the " Red Corridor " comprising 92,000 square kilometres, where the highest concentration of the groups estimated 20,000 combatants fight. Part of this
2775-613: The Parliament on 2 and 11 August in Loksabha and Rajyasabha. This paved the way for the creation of a separate Vanachal state comprising the Chota Nagpur Division and Santhal Pargana Division of South Bihar. NDA formed the government with Babulal Marandi as chief minister. Later the name of the state was changed from Vanachal to Jharkhand. Babulal Marandi took the oath of chief minister on 15 November 2000 on
2850-653: The age of Mahajanpadas around 500 BCE, Jharkhand state was a part of Magadha and Anga . In the Mauryan period, this region was ruled by a number of states, which were collectively known as the Atavika (forest) states. These states were subdued and were forced to accept the hegemony of the Maurya empire during Ashoka 's reign (c. 232 BCE). In the ancient site of Saridkel , burnt brick houses, red ware pottery, copper tools, coins and iron tools have been found which belong to
2925-580: The anniversary of the birth of tribal leader Birsa Munda . The dynamics of resources and the politics of development still influence the socio-economic structures in Jharkhand, which was carved out of the relatively underdeveloped southern part of Bihar . According to the 1991 census, the state has a population of over 20 million out of which 28% is tribal while 12% of the people belong to scheduled castes . Jharkhand has 24 districts, 260 blocks, and 32,620 villages out of which only 45% have access to electricity while only 8,484 are connected by roads. Jharkhand
3000-661: The cave. About a mile to the North-East of the Palace are the ruins of two temples. One is the Rohtasan, a temple of Lord Shiva. Iconoclasts probably destroyed the roof and the main mandap, which housed the sacred lingam. Now only 84 steps are left, which lead to a temple. The domes crest the Devi Mandir. The idol of the deity is missing from here also, though the rest of the building is in good condition. In local language it
3075-489: The chairmanship of the then chief minister of Bihar under the provision of the fifth schedule in 1972. This failed to achieve the desired result. Jharkhand Mukti Morcha wanted more representation and the All Jharkhand Students Union was against it. Due to differences these parties broke away from each other. The All Jharkhand Students Union introduced elements of violence in the movement and called for
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3150-565: The early centuries CE. Brahmi inscriptions have been found in Khunti district which are from the 3rd century BCE. Samudragupta , while marching through the present-day Chotanagpur region ( North and South ), directed the first attack against the kingdom of Dakshina Kosala in the Mahanadi valley. In the 7th century, the Chinese traveller Xuanzang passed through the region. He described
3225-459: The exercise of British influence over the predominantly Hindi -speaking states of Chang Bhakar , Jashpur , Koriya , Surguja , and Udaipur was transferred from the Bengal government to that of the Central Provinces , while the two Oriya -speaking states of Gangpur and Bonai were attached to the Orissa Tributary States , leaving only Kharsawan and Saraikela answerable to the Bengal governor. In 1936, all nine states were transferred to
3300-405: The governors were appointed. In 1621 AD, the Prince Khurram revolted against his father Jahangir and took refuge at Rohtas. The guardian of the fort, Saiyyad Mubarak handed over the keys of Rohtas to the prince. Khurram once again came to Rohtas for safety when he tried to win Avadh, but lost the battle of Kampat. His son Murad Baksh was born to his wife Mumtaz Mahal. During Aurangzeb's reign the fort
3375-428: The kingdom as Karnasuvarna , with Shashanka as its ruler. To the north of Karn-Suberna was Magadha, Champa was in the east, Mahendra in the west, and Orissa in the south. During the medieval period, the region was governed by Nagvanshi , Pala , Khayaravala , Ramgarh Raj and Chero rulers. A Buddhist monastery has been found in Hazaribagh which was built during the Pala period in the 10th century. Bhim Karn
3450-407: The land and generate revenue. But the Santal revolted against tax imposition. The Santhal rebellion broke out in 1855 under the leadership of two brothers Sidhu and Kanhu . Later the British renamed it as Santal Pargana. Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo and Pandey Ganpat Rai rebelled against the British East India Company in the 1857 rebellion . In the Battle of Chatra , conflict took place between
3525-406: The late medieval period. Several iron slags , microliths , and potsherds have been discovered from Singhbhum district that are from 1400 BCE according to carbon dating age. The region was ruled by many empires and dynasties including Nanda , Maurya and Gupta during ancient period. In the Mahabharata, the region was referred as Kark Khand due to its location near Tropic of Cancer. During
3600-412: The latter were at a disadvantage, for the jungles and the tribal in them were of great help to the Indian soldiers. Finally, after a long drawn out military blockade and many clashes, the British overcame the Indians. It is considered to be one of the largest forts in world as remnants of fort are spread across 42 square km. It has 83 gates and network of many underground place and tunnels. The main gate
3675-484: The leaders of the Vanachal movement. They organised several rallies to form a separate state. The central government formed a committee on the Jharkhand matter in 1989. It stressed the need for greater allocation of development funds for the area. There was a provision for limited internal autonomy in the hill area of Assam . Other tribal areas were covered by the fifth schedule of the constitution. Chotanagpur and Santal Pargana development boards were constituted under
3750-407: The list of dams built across these revere refer to [2] Jharkhand has a rich variety of flora and fauna . The national parks and the zoological gardens in the state of Jharkhand present a panorama of this variety. Part of the reason for the variety and diversity of flora and fauna found in Jharkhand state may be accredited to the Palamau Tiger Reserves under the Project Tiger. This reserve
3825-412: The modern Kharwars . In 1539 CE, the Fort of Rohtas passed out of the hands of the Hindu kings into those of Sher Shah Suri . Sher Shah Suri had just lost the Fort at Chunar in a fight with the Mughal emperor Humayun and was desperate to gain a foothold for himself. Sher Shah requested the ruler of Rohtas that he wanted to leave his women, children and treasure in the safety of the fort, while he
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#17327728573243900-496: The north and Odisha to the south. It is the 15th largest state by area , and the 14th largest by population . Hindi is the official language of the state. The city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka its sub-capital. The state is known for its waterfalls, hills and holy places; Baidyanath Dham , Parasnath , Dewri and Rajrappa are major religious sites. Jharkhand is primarily rural, with about 24% of its population living in cities as of 2011. Jharkhand suffers from what
3975-428: The population. The constitutional head of the government of Jharkhand is the governor , who is appointed by the president of India . The real executive power rests with the chief minister and the cabinet. The political party or the coalition of political parties having a majority in the Legislative Assembly forms the government. The head of the bureaucracy of the state is the chief secretary . Under this position,
4050-403: The rebels and the East India company. Tikait Umrao Singh , Sheikh Bhikhari , Nadir Ali and Jai Mangal Singh played pivotal role in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The brothers Nilambar and Pitambar were chiefs of Bhogta clan of the Kharwar tribe who held ancestral jagirs with many Chero Jagirdars and led revolt against the British East India company. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857 ,
4125-448: The region was referred as Kark Khand due to location near Kark Rekha, that is, Tropic of Cancer . During the Medieval period, the region was known as Jharkhand . According to Bhavishya Purana (1200 CE), Jharkhand was one of the seven Pundra desa. The name is first found on a 13th-century copper plate in Kendrapada , Odisha region from the reign of Narasimha Deva II of Eastern Ganga dynasty . Forest land from Baidhnath dham to Puri
4200-477: The regions were permanently settled as Zamindari estates. The Kharagdiha Rajas were settled as Rajas of Raj Dhanwar in 1809, and the Kharagdiha gadis were separately settled as zamindari estates. Some of the notable Kharagdiha Zamindari estates were Koderma , Gadi Palganj and Ledo Gadi . The princely states in the Chota Nagpur Plateau came within the sphere of influence of the Maratha Empire , but they became tributary states of British East India Company as
4275-458: The ruins of Rohtas can be seen. The early history of Rohtas is obscure. According to the local legends, the Rohtas hill was named after the Rohitāśva , the son of a legendary king Harishchandra . However, the legends about Rohitāśva make no mention of this area, and no pre-7th century ruins have been found at the site. The oldest record at Rohtas is a short inscription of " Mahasamanta Shashanka-dava", whom John Faithfull Fleet identified with
4350-399: The rulers of many states chose to accede to the Dominion of India . Changbhakar , Jashpur , Koriya , Surguja and Udaipur after that became part of the state of Madhya Pradesh , but Gangpur and Bonai became part of the state of Orissa and Kharsawan and Saraikela became part of the state of Bihar . In 1928, a separate state was demanded by Unnati Samaj , the political wing of
4425-437: The separate state movement was falling apart, Justice Lal Pingley Nath Shahdeo was leading the movement. In 1998, the Union government decided to send the bill concerning the formation of the state of Jharkhand to the Bihar Legislative Assembly to which Lalu Prasad Yadav had said that the state would be divided over his dead body. A total of 16 political parties including the Bharatiya Janata Party , Jharkhand Mukti Morcha,
4500-399: The southern part. Jharkhand envelops a geographical area of 79,716 square kilometres (30,779 sq mi). Much of Jharkhand lies on the Chota Nagpur Plateau . Many rivers pass through the Chota Nagpur plateau. They are: Damodar , North Koel , Barakar , South Koel , Sankh and Subarnarekha rivers. The higher watersheds of these rivers stretch out within the Jharkhand state. Much of
4575-407: The state has 5 Divisions and 24 Districts. One interesting thing about Jharkhand is that all its districts, except Lohardaga and Khunti, share a border with a neighbouring state. Largest Cities in Jharkhand (2011 Census of India estimate) The gross domestic product of Jharkhand is estimated at ₹ 3.83 lakh crore (US$ 46 billion) in 2020–21. The per capita GDP of Jharkhand in 2018-19
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#17327728573244650-441: The state's annual rainfall, which ranges from about 1,000 mm (40 in) in the west-central part of the state to more than 1,500 mm (60 in) in the southwest. Nearly half of the annual precipitation falls in July and August. The winter season lasts from November to February. The temperatures in Ranchi in December usually vary from 10–24 °C (50–75 °F). Spring season lasts from mid-February to mid-April. For
4725-426: The state, the tribal population is prevented from staking any claim on the resources extracted from their land. In response, the insurgents have recently begun a campaign of targeting infrastructure related to the extraction of resources vital for Indian energy needs, such as coal. On 5 March 2007, Sunil Mahato , a member of the national parliament, was shot dead by Naxalite rebels near Kishanpur while watching
4800-413: The storeroom and many of the fortifications. Goddard left, keeping some guards in charge of the fort, but they too left after a year. There was peace at the fort for the next 100 years or so, which was at last broken at the time of the First War of Independence in 1857. Amar Singh, the brother of Kunwar Singh , together with his companions took refuge here. There were many encounters with the British where
4875-481: The tribal area of South Bihar, but it was rejected because there were many languages, no link language in the region, tribals were in the minority, Hindustani was the majority language, and it risked adverse effect on the economy of Bihar. Later the Sadan people , the native various caste/non-tribal groups, also joined the movement for a separate state. In 1972, Binod Bihari Mahato , Shibu Soren and A. K. Roy founded Jharkhand Mukti Morcha . Nirmal Mahto founded
4950-457: The use of Copper tools spread in Chota Nagpur Plateau and these find complexes are known as the Copper Hoard Culture . In the Kabra-Kala mound at the confluence of the Son and North Koel rivers in Palamu district various antiquities and art objects have been found which are from the Neolithic to the medieval period and pot-sherds of Redware , black and red ware , black ware, black slipped ware and NBP ware are from Chalcolithic to
5025-443: The west of Man Singh's Palace is a Ganesh temple. The sanctum of the temple faces two porch-ways. The tall imposing superstructure corresponds the temples of Rajputana ( Rajasthan ), especially of Ossian near Jodhpur built in the 8th century AD and the Mira Bai temple of the 17th century AD at Chittor . Further towards west, some construction must have taken place although there is no written evidence of what it was. The locals call it
5100-414: The west of the fort. It is made of white sandstone and comprises three domes each with a minaret . There is also a mausoleum of Habsh Khan, the daroga or the superintendent of works of Sher Shah. In 1558 AD, Raja Man Singh , Akbar 's general and governor, ruled Rohtas. As the Governor of Bengal and Bihar, he made Rohtas his headquarters in view of its inaccessibility and other natural defenses. He built
5175-496: Was ₹ 82,430 (US$ 990). Rohtasgarh The Rohtasgarh or Rohtas Fort is located in the Son River valley, in the small town of Rohtas in Bihar , India. Rohtasgarh is situated on the upper course of the river Son, 24° 57′ N, 84° 2′E. It takes around two hours from Sasaram to reach the foot of the hill over which is the Rohtas fort. It can be reached easily from the Dehri town, which has very good road network. One can also easily reach Rohtas fort via Akbarpur. The fort
5250-415: Was a Nagvanshi king during medieval period. He defeated the Raksel dynasty of Surguja when they invaded the region with cavalry. Mughal influence reached Palamu during the reign of Emperor Akbar when it was conquered by Rajput Raja Mansingh in 1574. Several invasions took place during Mughal rule. During the reign of the Nagvanshi King Madhu Singh , Akbar's general invaded Khukhra . Also there
5325-424: Was an invasion during the reign of Durjan Shah . King Ram Shah ruled Navratangarh from 1640 to 1663. He built the Kapilnath Temple in 1643. He was succeeded by his son Raghunath Shah . Thakur Ani Nath Shahdeo built the Jagannath temple of Ranchi in 1691. The King Medini Ray ruled from 1658 to 1674 in Palamu. His rule extended to areas in South Gaya and Hazaribagh . He attacked Navratangarh and defeated
5400-512: Was away fighting in Bengal. The king agreed and the first few palanquins had women and children. But the later ones contained fierce Afghan soldiers, who captured Rohtas and forced the Hindu king to flee. During Sher Shah Suri 's reign 10000-armed men guarded the fort and it contained a permanent garrison. Haibat Khan, a general of Sher Shah Suri built the Jami Masjid in 1543 AD, which lies to
5475-760: Was known as Jharkhand. In Akbarnama , from Panchet in the east to Ratanpur to west, Rohtasgarh to the north and the frontier of Odisha to the south was known as Jharkhand. The region has been inhabited since the Mesolithic-Chalcolithic period, as shown by several ancient cave paintings. Stone tools have been discovered from Chota Nagpur Plateau region which are from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. There are ancient cave paintings in Isko, Hazaribagh district which are from Meso-chalcolithic period (9000–5000 BCE). During 2nd millennium BCE
5550-552: Was then led by Congress General Secretary Ram Ratan Ram , who urged Rajiv Gandhi to pay attention to the issue at hand. In July 1988, the Bharatiya Janata party led by Atal Bihari Vajpayee , Lal Krishna Advani , and Murli Manohar Joshi decided to demand a separate state, Vanachal, comprising the forest region of South Bihar in Jamshedpur . Inder Singh Namdhari , Samresh Singh , and Rudra Pratap Sarangi were
5625-707: Was used as a detention camp for those under trial and housing prisoners sentenced for life. In 1763 AD, in the Battle of Udhwa Nala, the Nawab of Bihar and Bengal, Mir Kasim, lost to the British and fled with his family to Rohtas. But he was not able to hide at the fort. Finally the Diwan of Rohtas, Shahmal handed it over to the British Captain Goddard. During his two-month stay at the fort, the Captain destroyed
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