A sanatorium (from Latin sānāre 'to heal, make healthy'), also sanitarium or sanitorium , is a historic name for a specialised hospital for the treatment of specific diseases , related ailments, and convalescence . Sanatoriums are often in a healthy climate, usually in the countryside . The idea of healing was an important reason for the historical wave of establishments of sanatoria, especially at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. One sought, for instance, the healing of consumptives especially tuberculosis (before the discovery of antibiotics ) or alcoholism , but also of more obscure addictions and longings of hysteria , masturbation , fatigue and emotional exhaustion . Facility operators were often charitable associations, such as the Order of St. John and the newly founded social welfare insurance companies.
30-726: Sanitarium or sanatorium may refer to: Facilities [ edit ] Sanatorium , medical facility for long-term illness, often associated with treatment of tuberculosis before antibiotics Sanatorium (resort) , facility with spa and medical services, as known in Russia, Ukraine, and other former Soviet Union republics Battle Creek Sanitarium , American health resort founded in 1866 Sanitarium Health and Wellbeing Company , major food company in Australia and New Zealand Film and video games [ edit ] The Sanitarium (film) ,
60-506: A Russian Orthodox chapel erected. At the beginning of the 20th century Scandinavian guests introduced snow skiing and a ski jumping hill was opened in 1930. In 1945 Görbersdorf, now belonging to Poland, was named Sokołowsko in honour of the Polish internist Alfred Sokołowski who had been a close co-worker of Hermann Brehmer. The now-called Grunwald sanatorium has continued to operate as a public anti-consumptive resort, while large parts of
90-539: A mecca for curiosity seekers who believe it is haunted. Because of its dry climate, Colorado Springs was home to several sanatoria . A. G. Holley Hospital in Lantana, Florida , was the last remaining freestanding tuberculosis sanatorium in the United States until it closed on July 2, 2012. In 1907, Stannington Sanatorium was opened in the northeast of England to treat tuberculosis in children. The sanatorium
120-664: A 1910 American silent comedy short starring Fatty Arbuckle Sanitarium (video game) , American 1998 point-and-click adventure Sanitarium (film) , a 2013 American horror anthology film Localities [ edit ] Sanitarium, California , American unincorporated community in Napa County Sanatorium, Mississippi , American village near Magee Music [ edit ] " Welcome Home (Sanitarium) ", 1986 song by American heavy metal band Metallica Sanatorium (band) , North Macedonia thrash metal band from Skopje, formed in 1987 Topics referred to by
150-608: A graduate student at Rutgers University , discovered streptomycin , an antibiotic and the first cure for tuberculosis, sanatoria began to close. As in the case of the Paimio Sanatorium, many were transformed into general hospitals. By the 1950s, tuberculosis was no longer a major public health threat in the developed world; it was controlled by antibiotics rather than extended rest. Most sanatoria had been demolished years before. Some, however, have been adapted for new medical roles. The Tambaram Sanatorium in south India
180-480: A health resort for consumptive patients. In 1854 she and Brehmer opened the world's first sanatorium for the treatment of tuberculosis at Görbersdorf. The care included the Priessnitz method of hydrotherapy and also a precursory method of climatic-dietetic treatment was applied. The treatment of consumption practised by Alexander Spengler at Davos , perpetuated by Thomas Mann 's novel The Magic Mountain ,
210-528: A new word which instead of being derived from the Latin noun sanitas , meaning health, would emphasize the need for scientific healing or treatment. Accordingly, they took the Latin verb root sano , meaning to heal, and adopted the new word sanatorium." Switzerland used to have many sanatoria, as health professionals believed that clean, cold mountain air was the best treatment for lung diseases . In Finland ,
240-534: A series of tuberculosis sanatoria were built throughout the country in isolated forest areas during the early 1900s. The most famous was the Paimio Sanatorium , completed in 1933 and designed by world-renowned architect Alvar Aalto . It had both sun-balconies and a rooftop terrace where the patients would lie all day either in beds or on specially designed chairs, the Paimio Chair . In Portugal ,
270-649: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Sanatorium Sanatoriums should not be confused with the Russian sanatoriums from the time of the Soviet Union, which were a type of sanatorium resort residence for workers. The first suggestion of sanatoria in the modern sense was likely made by George Bodington , who opened a sanatorium in Sutton Coldfield in 1836 and later published his essay "On
300-1133: Is now a hospital for AIDS patients. The state hospital in Sanatorium, Mississippi , is now a regional center for programs for treatment and occupational therapy associated with intellectual disability . In Japan in 2001, the Ministry of Welfare suggested changing the name of a leprosarium to a sanatorium. Soko%C5%82owsko Sokołowsko [sɔkɔˈwɔfskɔ] is a village and traditional climatic health resort in Gmina Mieroszów , within Wałbrzych County , Lower Silesian Voivodeship , in south-western Poland . First information about Goerbersdorff appears in 1357,as an existing village set most likely by Benedicts monastery in Broumov (Czech Republic). It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Mieroszów , 12 km (7 mi) south of Wałbrzych , and 75 km (47 mi) south-west of
330-602: The Brehmersche Heilanstalt für Lungenkranke in Görbersdorf (Sokołowsko) , Silesia (now Poland), for the treatment of tuberculosis. Patients were exposed to plentiful amounts of high altitude, fresh air, and good nutrition. Tuberculosis sanatoria became common throughout Europe from the late-19th century onward. The Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium , established in Saranac Lake, New York , in 1885,
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#1732773269772360-524: The "healing climate". Medical experts reported that at 2,200 feet (670 m) above sea level, air pressure was equal to that in blood vessels, and activities, scenery, and lack of stress also helped. In the early 1900s, Arizona's sunshine and dry desert air attracted many people (called "lungers") who had tuberculosis, rheumatism, asthma, and numerous other diseases. Wealthier people chose to recuperate in exclusive TB resorts, while others used their savings to journey to Arizona and arrived penniless. TB camps in
390-743: The German Ostsiedlung . Sokołowsko was probably founded about 1250 by monks of the Benedictine Order at Police , a filial monastery of Břevnov Abbey in Prague . The first record of Girbrechtsdorff is documented in a 1357 deed itemising the villages within the burgraviate of Radosno castle (German: Freudenburg ), that fell to the Piast Duke Bolko II the Small of Świdnica shortly afterwards, whose duchy in turn
420-717: The Heliantia Sanatorium in Valadares was used for the treatment of bone tuberculosis between the 1930s and 1960s. In the early 20th century, tuberculosis sanatoria became common in the United States . The first of several in Asheville, North Carolina was established by Dr. Horatio Page Gatchell in 1871, before the cause of tuberculosis (then called "phthisis" or "consumption") was even known. Fifty years earlier, Dr. J.F.E. Hardy had reportedly been cured in
450-587: The Treatment and Cure of Pulmonary Consumption" in 1840. His novel approach was dismissed as "very crude ideas and unsupported assertions" by reviewers in the Lancet , and his sanatorium was converted to an asylum soon after. The rationale for sanatoria in the pre- antibiotic era was that a regimen of rest and good nutrition offered the best chance that the patient's immune system would "wall off" pockets of pulmonary TB infection. In 1863, Hermann Brehmer opened
480-454: The West that not enough housing was available. In 1910, tent cities began to pop up in different areas; one was described as a place of squalor and shunned by most citizens. Many of the infected slept in the open desert. The area adjacent to what was then central Phoenix, called Sunnyslope, was home to another large TB encampment. The residents primarily lived in tents pitched along the hillsides of
510-670: The desert were formed by pitching tents and building cabins. During the tuberculosis epidemic, cities in Arizona advertised the state as an ideal place for treating TB. Many sanatoria in Arizona were modeled after European away-from-city resorts of the time, boasting courtyards and individual rooms. Each sanatorium was equipped to take care of about 120 people. The first sanatorium in the Pacific Northwest opened in Milwaukie Heights, Oregon , in 1905, followed closely by
540-419: The facilities decayed. On the initiative of medical director Stanisław Domin the treatment profile was broadened to all kind of lung diseases , later also dementia . The filmmaker Krzysztof Kieślowski , whose father suffered from tuberculosis, spent several years of his youth at Sokołowsko. In the 1970s the settlement was being transformed into Provincial Centre of Winter Sports, but due to lack of resources
570-670: The first state-owned TB hospital in Salem, Oregon , in 1910. Oregon was the first state on the West Coast to enact legislation stating that the government was to supply proper housing for people with TB who could not receive adequate care at home. The West Coast became a popular spot for sanatoriums. The greatest area for sanatoria was in Tucson with over twelve hotel-style facilities in the city. By 1920, Tucson had 7,000 people who had come for treatment of tuberculosis. So many people came to
600-545: The mountains that rise to the north of the city. Several sanatoria also opened in southern California in the early 20th century due to the dry, warm climate. The first tuberculosis sanatorium for Black Americans in the segregated South was the Piedmont Sanatorium in Burkeville, Virginia . Waverly Hills Sanatorium , a Louisville, Kentucky , tuberculosis sanatorium, was founded in 1911. It has become
630-513: The project was not completed. Sokołowsko didn't regain its village status until the beginning of the 21st century. In the recent years, some of the mansions were renovated. The Russian Orthodox Archangel Michael chapel has been rebuilt by the Catholic Renovabis organisation. Nobel Prize-winning Polish novelist Olga Tokarczuk's 2022 novel The Empusium: A Health Resort Horror Story ( Polish : Empuzjon. Horror przyrodoleczniczy )
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#1732773269772660-670: The regional capital Wrocław . Located about 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Mieroszów , 12 kilometres (7 mi) south of Wałbrzych , and 75 kilometres (47 mi) south-west of the regional capital Wrocław , Sokołowsko is the largest village within the Stone Mountains of the Central Sudetes . It is situated in a deep forest-covered hollow traversed by the Sokołowiec and Dziczy streams, at an altitude of 540 metres (1,772 ft) above sea level. The border with
690-417: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Sanitarium . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sanitarium&oldid=1125569163 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
720-582: The south and south-east and Radosno (776 m (2,546 ft) in the east. The range offers numerous trails for hiking and cross-country skiing in winter. It is difficult to indicate the exact foundation date of the village. The area had originally been part of the County of Kłodzko , acquired by Bohemia under Duke Soběslav I in 1137. His successors of the Přemyslid dynasty became hereditary Bohemian kings by order of Emperor Frederick II in 1212 and promoted
750-503: The town of Meziměstí in the Czech Republic is about 3 kilometres (2 mi) in the south. Sokołowsko is surrounded by several forested mountains, predominantly made up from porphyry rocks: Stożek Mały (750 m (2,460 ft)) in the north-west and Masyw Bukowca (898 m (2,946 ft)) in the north-east, as well as Garbatka (797 m (2,615 ft)) in the south-west, Włostowa (903 m (2,963 ft)) in
780-705: Was finally incorporated as a Silesian fief of the Bohemian crown in 1392. During the 15th century Görbersdorf had several possessors and suffered from the Hussite Wars . Together with the southern part of the former Duchy of Świdnica the village passed to the Imperial counts of Hoberg (Hochberg) at Książ , the later Princes of Pless . With the Bohemian kingdom the area fell to the Habsburg monarchy in 1526 and
810-537: Was modelled after Görbersdorf, which at times was called the "Silesian Davos," although perhaps Davos should be called the "Swiss Görbersdorf." The resort was relatively expensive, but well organised, and before 1888 it had both a post office and phone lines. At the same time the quantity of 730 curates well exceeded the number of inhabitants. Several further sanatoriums were established in the following years and until World War I, Görbersdorf had become popular with guests from all over Europe, who had numerous mansions and even
840-482: Was opened using funds raised by a local charity, the Poor Children's Holiday Association, now the region's oldest children's charity, Children North East . The largest U.S. tuberculosis sanatorium was located on the site of Chicago's present-day North Park Village. Chicago's Peterson Park fieldhouse housed the lab and morgue of Chicago's Municipal Tuberculosis Sanatorium. After 1943, when Albert Schatz , then
870-574: Was seized by Prussia under King Frederick II in the First Silesian War of 1742. From 1815 Görbersdorf was part of the Prussian Province of Silesia . Görbersdorf didn't differentiate from neighbouring villages until it was visited in 1849 by Countess Maria von Colomb, a niece of Prussian General Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher . The countess, delighted by the scenery, persuaded her brother-in-law Hermann Brehmer to establish
900-686: Was the first such establishment in North America. According to the Saskatchewan Lung Association, when the National Anti-Tuberculosis Association (Canada) was founded in 1904, its members, including renowned pioneer in the fight against tuberculosis Dr. R.G. Ferguson , believed that a distinction should be made between the health resorts with which people were familiar and the new tuberculosis treatment hospitals: "So they decided to use
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