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35-624: The National Shrine of Our Lady of the Abandoned , also known as Santa Ana Church , is a Spanish colonial period Roman Catholic church located in the district of Santa Ana in Manila , Philippines . It is under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Manila . The parish was established by the Franciscan missionaries in 1578 under the patronage of Saint Anne . The present stone church

70-525: A Georgian building, but the appearance is only skin deep and some of the interior rooms still have Jacobean plasterwork ceilings. This new construction has happened also in other places: in Santiago de Compostela the three-metre-deep Casa do Cabido was built to match the architectural order of the square, and the main Churrigueresque façade of the Santiago de Compostela Cathedral , facing

105-403: A decree from the colonial government in 1599 permitted the religious order to build the church in stone. However, the construction came only around 1720 upon the direction of then parish priest of Santa Ana, Vicente Inglés, wherein a new site was chosen, which is the current location of the structure. Dedicated to Our Lady of the Abandoned ( Nuestra Señora de los Desamparados ), the building of

140-521: A famous image of Our Lady that had become a popular spiritual attraction in Valencia. The image was known as the Our Lady of the Abandoned . While Inglés was in Valencia in 1713, he decided to have a copy of this image for Santa Ana Parish, which was in the process of being constructed near Manila. After reverently touching the copy to the original image, the friar brought the new replica with him back to

175-605: A heavenly scene surrounding the Auspice Maria , a monogram of the letters "A" and "M" representing the term "Under the guidance of Mary" and has the popular meanings of Ave Maria as well as the Holy Name of Mary . The ceiling paintings show Heaven in the center surrounded by eleven segments, with scenes from the lives of Mary and Jesus, from Mary's Betrothal to Joseph to the Baptism of Christ . The central panel shows

210-430: Is in churrigueresque style, characterized by heavy ornamentation, which is further highlighted by gold leaf on its details. It has thirteen niches, framed with solomonic and churrigueresque columns. The tabernacle or sagrario occupied the central niche at the lower level and is flanked by Franciscan saints, namely Bonaventure , Peter of Alcantara , Bernardino of Siena and Clare of Assisi . The central niche of

245-487: Is typically reached within minutes of the start of a fire. Fire stops for such building joints can be qualified, too. Putting fire sprinkler systems on each floor has a profoundly positive effect on the fire safety of buildings with curtain walls. The extended use of new materials, like polymers , resulted in an increase of high-rise building façade fires over the past few years, since they are more flammable than traditional materials. Some building codes also limit

280-724: The Camarín de la Virgen (or the Dressing Room of the Virgin). It was declared a national shrine in 2021. The town of Santa Ana was first established by the Spanish Franciscan missionaries in 1578, in a settlement beside a creek connecting to the Pasig River , which the local inhabitants referred to as Sapà . Its first church, dedicated to their titular patroness Saint Anne, was made of nipa and bamboo until

315-579: The Holy Spirit (symbolized by the dove) together with cherubs above them, and two angels holding a red cloak to cover Jesus. The wooden painting was later covered with the painting on metal, which most likely dated around 1938. The second painting has much simpler depiction, composing of only St. John the Baptist, Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit above them. The main altarpiece or the retablo

350-702: The Holy Trinity and the kneeling Virgin Mary, with cherubim and angels on both sides. Due to the considerably good preservation of the structure as well as the irreplaceable value of its paintings, which were considered the oldest datable of its kind, the Camarín de la Virgen was declared a National Cultural Treasure in November 2008 by the National Museum of the Philippines . Located behind

385-522: The Plaza del Obradoiro , is actually encasing and concealing the older Portico of Glory . In modern high-rise building, the exterior walls are often suspended from the concrete floor slabs. Examples include curtain walls and precast concrete walls. The façade can at times be required to have a fire-resistance rating , for instance, if two buildings are very close together, to lower the likelihood of fire spreading from one building to another. In general,

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420-454: The pediment is adorned with Vitruvian-scroll design on its raking cornice , and a central niche flanked with octagonal windows. The second level is composed of semicircular arched windows covered with stained glass . The lowermost level is the main entrance flanked with two niches containing the statues of Anne and Joachim , the parents of the Mary . The ornamentation is mostly found in

455-510: The typhoid epidemic of 1920, the well was closed due to sanitary concerns. During the 1977–85 renovations, it was cemented over and decorated with broken tiles from the Camarín de la Virgen . In 2011, the Pozo de la Virgen was reopened after 92 years of being hidden from the public. Adjoining the Santa Ana church is the convent , which was also built on the same period as the church under

490-643: The City of Manila"). Santa Ana Church also served as barracks for wounded American soldiers during the Philippine–American War in 1899. The church complex was not destroyed by any bombs during the Battle of Manila in 1945. The Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines approved the petition to elevate the church to a national shrine in January 2020. The solemn declaration was held on May 12, 2021,

525-804: The French façade , which in turn comes from the Italian facciata , from faccia meaning 'face', ultimately from post-classical Latin facia . The earliest usage recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary is 1656. It was quite common in the Georgian period for existing houses in English towns to be given a fashionable new façade. For example, in the city of Bath , The Bunch of Grapes in Westgate Street appears to be

560-603: The Philippines in 1717. The image has been venerated in Santa Ana since then. In time, the parish became known as Our Lady of the Abandoned Parish, as it is today, though Saint Anne still is honored in the church with a statue of her with the Child Mary in a niche directly above the image of Our Lady of the Abandoned. Governor-General Francisco de la Cuesta, offered his bastón de mando to the image, and proclaimed her Gobernadora de la Ciudad de Manila ("Governor of

595-674: The Santa Ana Church is the Capillita de la Virgen del Pozo (Small Chapel of the Virgin of the Well). Better known as the Pozo de la Virgen (Well of the Virgin), it housed a holy well of springwater believed to contain healing properties. The exact date of its construction is unknown, although it was generally assumed to have been built around the 18th century, around the same period as

630-418: The Virgin's long cape can be touched or kissed. Of note in this structure are the paintings on the ceiling and on the entrance, which are believed to be as old as the Camarín and the church itself. These paintings belonged to the short-lived Estampita Age of Filipino-Spanish art. The entrance paintings depict life-size images of the archangels Michael and Gabriel guarding the door, also painted with

665-447: The church. The Pozo de la Virgen also enshrines an 18th-century wood and ivory relief image of Our Lady of the Abandoned, placed in a low niche in a position suggesting her guarding the holy well. A wooden trapdoor , which occupies most of the floorspace, opens to reveal the passage to the well. There are ten stone steps that lead to the actual water level, which was contained within a small stone-and-concrete arched chamber. During

700-400: The direction of Vicente Inglés. The ground floor is a stone and clay tile cloister surrounding the grassy patio . Above the cloister is a wooden corridor with capiz and glass windows and high doors leading to the priest's quarters, the choir loft and a room previously used as a library. In 1966, archaeological excavations have been conducted by the National Museum of the Philippines on

735-401: The façade of a building is often the most important aspect from a design standpoint, as it sets the tone for the rest of the building. From the engineering perspective, the façade is also of great importance due to its impact on energy efficiency . For historical façades, many local zoning regulations or other laws greatly restrict or even forbid their alteration. The word is a loanword from

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770-472: The façade systems that are suspended or attached to the precast concrete slabs will be made from aluminum (powder coated or anodized) or stainless steel . In recent years more lavish materials such as titanium have sometimes been used, but due to their cost and susceptibility to panel edge staining these have not been popular. Whether rated or not, fire protection is always a design consideration. The melting point of aluminum, 660 °C (1,220 °F),

805-467: The feast day of the church. The church structure follows the Baroque architectural style, utilizing adobe blocks in its wall surface finish to give an impression of massiveness. Its floor plan formed the shape of a Latin cross oriented in north–south direction, with the main entrance facing north. The church facade is divided into three levels by heavily molded string courses . The topmost level or

840-418: The first level balcony. The Camarín de la Virgen (Dressing Room of the Virgin) is a small chapel located behind the niche of Our Lady of the Abandoned on the second tier of the retablo . It was built around the same period as the church ( c.  1720–1725 ) and has retained most of its original features. One can view the nave of the church from the octagonal vaulted niche ( hornacina ) where

875-436: The frames of lateral niches and the moldings in the cornices and the apertures . Attached to the right side of the structure next to the church facade is the four-floored octagonal bell tower , also made of adobe blocks and were embellished by heavy string courses and other ornamentation. The baptistery or bautisterio is located at the base of the bell tower on the right side of the vestibule or entrance hall. Inside

910-479: The image stands. Its high-arched opening is crowned with a large, silver corona imperial (imperial crown). Below the hornacina is a semicircular gilded platform, which is said to be a part of the galleon that brought the image from Valencia all the way to Manila, the Santo Cristo de Burgos . Wooden steps flank the platform, and are used by devotees to climb and venerate the image. At present, only

945-459: The patio and the churchyard , uncovering 71 human burials dating around late 11th to 14th centuries from the associated Chinese ceramics recovered with the graves. The bulk of data gathered regarding the pre-Hispanic culture of Santa Ana (the ancient Kingdom of Namayan ) led to the construction of a site museum in the patio, which was later declared as a National Cultural Treasure in August 1973 by

980-600: The percentage of window area in exterior walls. When the exterior wall is not rated, the perimeter slab edge becomes a junction where rated slabs are abutting an unrated wall. For rated walls, one may also choose rated windows and fire doors , to maintain that wall's rating. On a film set and within most themed attractions, many of the buildings are only façade, which are far cheaper than actual buildings, and not subject to building codes (within film sets). In film sets, they are simply held up with supports from behind, and sometimes have boxes for actors to step in and out of from

1015-472: The second or main level is occupied by Our Lady of the Abandoned at the center, which is flanked by the images of Dominic and Francis of Assisi , founders of Catholic religious orders , and Biblical figures John the Baptist and John the Evangelist . The upper level niches contained the images of Anne (the titular patron saint of Santa Ana district) at the center with Peter and Paul on its sides. At

1050-418: The small room contains the marble baptismal font and a Neoclassical retablo featuring the painting of the Baptism of Christ , framed by two Corinthian columns on each side. Conservation efforts on the Santa Ana church revealed that two paintings have actually adorned the retablo of the baptistery. The first painting one was done on wood, which depicted John the Baptist pouring water on Jesus Christ,

1085-475: The stone church began on September 12, 1720, with the laying of the cornerstone by Governor-General and Archbishop of Manila Francisco de la Cuesta . The construction took five years to finish, with the total cost of ₱ 33,000 including the donation of the Governor-General amounting to four thousand pesos. In the early 1700s, Inglés went to Valencia , Spain . The friar had been very enamored of

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1120-610: The top the retablo is the image of Michael the Archangel , which is flanked by medallions containing the painted images of Didacus of Alcalá and Paschal Baylon . The interior of the dome located above the crossing has two layers of balconies . Sixteen paintings depicting Jesus, the Twelve Apostles (with Matthias replacing Judas Iscariot ), the Four Evangelists ; Mark and Luke , and John decorate

1155-504: The virtue of Presidential Decree No. 260. The Santa Ana Church has been designated by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (then Philippine Historical Research and Markers Committee ) as a Historic Building in 1936 with a historical marker for being the first Franciscan mission established outside Manila. The Santa Ana Site Museum located in the convent patio and the Camarín de la Virgen

1190-535: Was constructed by Vicente Inglés from 1720 to 1725 and was dedicated to its present patron, the Our Lady of the Abandoned . The revered image of its patron was made in Valencia , Spain in 1713 and arrived in the Philippines in 1717. The church houses two National Cultural Treasures declared by the National Museum of the Philippines : the Santa Ana Site Museum located in the convent patio and

1225-522: Was declared as a National Cultural Treasure in August 1973. History of the Philippines (1521-1898) Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 218278678 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:49:10 GMT Facade In architecture ,

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