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85-622: The Santa Barbara County Courthouse (Courthouse) is a well-known example of Spanish Colonial Revival architecture and is located in Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara County , California . Started in 1926 and completed in 1929, the Courthouse originally served as Santa Barbara County’s (County) superior courthouse, jail, and administrative office. The Courthouse was included on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981,

170-607: A 360-degree view of downtown Santa Barbara, the surrounding mountains, and the Pacific Ocean. The third floor features the Seth Thomas clock.  The interior of the tower houses the Bisno Schall Clock Gallery.  The Clock Gallery includes the clock mechanism, a mural depicting highlights from the history of timekeeping, and modern electronics used to monitor the clock.  The restoration of

255-512: A 45’ skylight. Beneath the lawn on the North-Western corner of the Courthouse lies a geothermal field.  Constructed in 2003, the geothermal field provides a sustainable source of energy, powering the building's heating and cooling systems. The lawn was drilled with 32 holes, 5 and 1/4 inches in diameter, 18 feet apart bored to a depth of 400 feet where the earth has a constant temperature of 69 to 70 degrees. Circulating water in pipes

340-591: A Mexican reinterpretation of the California interpretation of Spanish Colonial Revival. Many houses of this style can still be seen in the Colonia Nápoles , Condesa , Polanco and Lomas de Chapultepec areas of Mexico City. The Pasaje Polanco shopping court is an example of the style's application in commercial architecture. Influential Australian architects such as Emil Sodersten and Professor Leslie Wilkinson brought back styles from Italy and Spain in

425-409: A building than if electricity alone had been used directly for heating. Switching the direction of heat flow, the same system can be used to circulate the cooled water through the house for cooling in the summer months. The heat is exhausted to the relatively cooler ground (or groundwater) rather than delivering it to the hot outside air as an air conditioner does. As a result, the heat is pumped across

510-420: A carrier fluid (usually a mixture of water and small amounts of antifreeze) through closed pipe loops buried in the ground. Single-home systems can be "vertical loop field" systems with bore holes 50–400 feet (15–120 m) deep or, if adequate land is available for extensive trenches, a "horizontal loop field" is installed approximately six feet subsurface. As the fluid circulates underground it absorbs heat from

595-678: A distinct origin from the style developed in the United States. Following the Mexican Revolution , there was a wave of nationalism that emphasized national culture, including in architecture. The neocolonial style arose as a response to European eclecticism (favored during the Porfiriato ). The 1915 book La patria y la arquitectura nacional by architect Federico E. Mariscal ( es ) was influential in advocating viceregal architecture as integral to national identity. During

680-510: A few County administrative offices. The County Hall of Records houses the County Clerk-Recorder’s office and sits at the north-west corner of the Courthouse building.  It is the repository for County real estate, marriage and related records.  Its architectural features include a 13’ double door featuring repousse copper plates depicting allegorical scenes of California history. The Hall of Records also includes an atrium and

765-490: A larger temperature difference and this leads to higher efficiency and lower energy use. This technology makes ground source heating economically viable in any geographical location. In 2004, an estimated million ground-source heat pumps with a total capacity of 15 GW extracted 88 PJ of heat energy for space heating. Global ground-source heat pump capacity is growing by 10% annually. Hot springs have been used for bathing at least since Paleolithic times. The oldest known spa

850-519: A new courthouse. During this period, Spanish Colonial Revival architecture was gaining popularity in California, and in 1919, the County held an architectural competition to replace the Greek Revival courthouse. Santa Barbara was struck by an earthquake in 1925 that caused loss of life and property damage. The 1872 Greek Revival courthouse and attendant buildings were damaged . In 1926,

935-422: A prominent Santa Barbara park used year round for special events, Old Spanish Days performances and weddings.  The garden is approximately 1.5 acres in size and is home to over 200 species of plants, including palm trees, citrus trees, and succulents.  It features stone elements that roughly approximate the foundation of the Greek Revival courthouse that stood in this location up until 1925. The courthouse

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1020-655: A registered National Historic Landmark and restored historic house—landscape museum. Other examples are the Jackling House and Lobero Theatre also in California. Bertram Goodhue and Carleton Winslow initiated the style as the dominant historical regional style in California; they also influenced Hawaiian architecture in the 1920s. Notable in Californian architecture were the following architects: Currently: In Florida notable architects include: Geothermal heating Geothermal energy originates from

1105-485: A total capacity of approximately 4.9 GWth. Some parts of the world, including substantial portions of the western USA, are underlain by relatively shallow geothermal resources. Similar conditions exist in Iceland, parts of Japan, and other geothermal hot spots around the world. In these areas, water or steam may be captured from natural hot springs and piped directly into radiators or heat exchangers . Alternatively,

1190-591: Is a popular location for weddings of all sizes.  California Attorney General, Senator and United States Vice President Kamala Harris married Doug Emhoff at the Courthouse in 2014.  Khloe Kardasian and Blink-182 drummer Travis Barker were married at the Courthouse in 2022. The courthouse prominently features a four-story clock tower next to the Great Arch which includes a rare, fully-operational four sided Seth Thomas clock.  The clock tower's top floor includes an observation deck affording guests

1275-677: Is a stone pool on China 's Mount Li built in the Qin dynasty in the 3rd century BC, at the same site where the Huaqing Chi palace was later built. Geothermal energy supplied channeled district heating for baths and houses in Pompeii around 0 AD. In the first century AD, Romans conquered Aquae Sulis in England and used the hot springs there to feed public baths and underfloor heating . The admission fees for these baths probably represents

1360-524: Is a triumphal arch and is the Courthouse main entrance. The arch is 39 feet tall. It is topped by a pediment that features relief sculptures including the Scales of Justice . The arch is flanked by two towers, each of which is topped by a copper cupola .  The arch is made of sandstone and is decorated with sculptures of cherubs and other figures. The Spirit of the Ocean is a fountain located in front of

1445-509: Is heated or cooled to that constant temperature.  While unseen, this geothermal field is vital to the Courthouse's operation, showcasing innovation and environmental responsibility within a historical landmark. The courthouse is the home to the County Public Defender ’s Office. The County Public Defender's Office is a government agency that provides legal representation to adults and juveniles who are accused of crimes in

1530-445: Is marked by the prodigious use of smooth plaster ( stucco ) wall and chimney finishes, low- pitched clay tile , shed, or flat roofs, and terracotta or cast concrete ornaments. Other characteristics typically include small porches or balconies , Roman or semi-circular arcades and fenestration , wood casement or tall, double–hung windows , canvas awnings , and decorative iron trim. Structural form: One of

1615-492: Is often distributed to multiple buildings, sometimes whole communities. This technique, long practiced throughout the world in locations such as Reykjavík , Iceland ; Boise , Idaho ; and Klamath Falls , Oregon ; is known as district heating . In Europe alone 280 geothermal district heating plants were in operation in 2016 according to the European Geothermal Energy Council (EGEC) with

1700-512: Is the former Supervisor’s Assembly Room, now referred to as the Mural Room.  The Mural Room walls were painted by book illustrator and Hollywood set and costume designer Dan Sayer Groesbeck.  At over 4,200 square feet in size, the Mural Room took Groesbeck and his team months to complete. The mural features prominent scenes from Santa Barbara’s history including the landing of Portuguese explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo in 1542 and

1785-619: The 1925 Santa Barbara earthquake . The County Courthouse designed by William Mooser III and the Arlington Theatre designed by Edwards and Plunkett are prime examples. George Washington Smith designed many residences in Santa Barbara including Casa del Herrero and Jackling House , along with businesses Lobero Theatre and the Santa Barbara News-Press . Real estate developer Ole Hanson favored

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1870-575: The Americas , especially in former Spanish colonies, from California to Argentina . In the United States , the earliest use of this style was in Florida and California . St. Augustine, Florida was founded on September 8, 1565, by Spanish admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Florida's first governor. The city had served as the capital of Florida for over 250 years when Spain ceded Florida to

1955-636: The Casa Monica Hotel (later the Hotel Cordova) built by Franklin W. Smith in 1888, Spanish-influenced architecture spread to several other parts of Florida. These three hotels were influenced not only by the centuries-old buildings remaining from the period Spanish rule in St. Augustine but also by The Old City House , constructed in 1873 and still standing, an excellent example of early Spanish Colonial Revival architecture. The possibilities of

2040-673: The Panama–California Exposition of 1915 in San Diego , highlighting the work of architect Bertram Goodhue , Spanish Colonial Revival was given further national exposure. Embraced principally in Florida and California, the Spanish Colonial Revival movement enjoyed its greatest popularity between 1915 and 1931. In Mexico , the Spanish Colonial Revival in architecture was tied to the nationalist movement in

2125-587: The Western United States by Fred Harvey and his Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Depots and Hotels. The Spanish Colonial Revival style is also influenced by the American Craftsman style and Arts and Crafts Movement . Spanish Colonial Revival architecture is characterized by a combination of detail from several eras of Spanish Baroque , Spanish Colonial , Moorish Revival and Mexican Churrigueresque architecture. The style

2210-402: The heat pump in 1852, and Heinrich Zoelly had patented the idea of using it to draw heat from the ground in 1912. But it was not until the late 1940s that the geothermal heat pump was successfully implemented. The earliest one was probably Robert C. Webber's home-made 2.2 kW direct-exchange system, but sources disagree as to the exact timeline of his invention. J. Donald Kroeker designed

2295-621: The 1920s, the city's architecture is almost entirely Mediterranean Revival style , mandated in the original plan. The city was developed by George E. Merrick , a real estate developer from Pennsylvania , during the Florida land boom of the 1920s. The Coral Gables Congregational Church, donated by Merrick, and the Catholic Church of the Little Flower, were classic examples of the Spanish Renaissance style. Early in

2380-480: The 27 original counties of California and was formed in 1850 when California became the 31st state.  The County in 1855 purchased the original Courthouse site on which stood a mercantile store called Kays Adobe. Kays Adobe served the County as a courthouse and administrative building until it was replaced around the perimeter of the same block in 1872 with a Greek Revival style building. The County continued to grow, and in 1900 County officials began consideration of

2465-566: The County General Services Department, and the McMahon Law Library.  The Courthouse is open to the public and is a popular site for community gatherings and weddings . Architect Charles Willard Moore called it the "grandest Spanish Colonial Revival structure ever built," and the prime example of Santa Barbara's adoption of Spanish Colonial as its civic style. Santa Barbara County was one of

2550-620: The County Treasury/Tax Collector, the Superintendent of Schools, a Sheriff's Department Office, the County jail, the County Hall of Records and other administrative offices. When built in 1929, the courthouse contained two courtrooms and various county administrative offices.  Over the years, as the county’s administration needs grew, county offices relocated to other nearby county buildings. In 1960,

2635-578: The County and cannot afford an attorney. The Santa Barbara County Courthouse has undergone several restoration projects including the 2022 restoration effort on the buildings roof and exterior. The Panama–California Exposition of 1915 in San Diego introduced Spanish Colonial Revival architecture to the United States.  In 1925, the County’s Board of Supervisors hired the William Mooser Company of San Francisco to design and build

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2720-631: The County commenced construction of the new Courthouse on the location of the 1872 courthouse. The new Courthouse (including approximately 148,000 square feet of work space) was completed in March 1929 and dedicated on August 14, 1929.  The Courthouse included two courtrooms, the County Board of Supervisors Assembly Room, jury assembly rooms, offices for the County Auditor, the Office of

2805-688: The County’s jailers and their families. The first floor housed offices of the Santa Barbara County Sheriff .  The jail cells include tool proof bars and are constructed similar to the Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary in San Francisco, California . The County built new jail facilities in Santa Barbara in 1971 and the County’s prisoners were relocated.  The Courthouse jail is unrestored and houses

2890-506: The Courthouse Docents celebrated their 50th anniversary with a public ceremony held in the Courthouse's Mural Room. The Santa Barbara County Courthouse Legacy Foundation is a non-profit organization founded in 1989 to preserve and restore the Courthouse. The foundation raises funds to support Courthouse maintenance and restoration, and it also offers educational programs about the Courthouse and its history.  In recent years,

2975-553: The Courthouse history and lore.  In addition to offering tours, the Courthouse Docents also offer private tours to community groups, businesses, schools and other groups such as cruise ship patrons. The Courthouse Docents began offering Courthouse tours on May 1, 1974. In 1981, the Santa Barbara County Board of Supervisors designated the Docent Council as the official building host. On May 1, 2024,

3060-547: The Courthouse in a Spanish-Andalusian castle style.  With its red tiled roofs, white stucco walls and various balconies, the Courthouse could be a castle in Andalusia . Examples of the Courthouse’s Andalusian castle motif are found in the main staircase. The first example is the presence of a small balcony called a “Hoard”, which would have been used for defensive purposes. Castle defenders would have stood on

3145-471: The Courthouse on the old jail side includes a dramatic 21 foot tall castle iron lattice gate (or yett ).  The gate is decorative and not used for Courthouse security and includes a “ wicket ” door.  The jail also features a turret located high on the Courthouse’s North-East side.  The turret is inaccessible and an entirely decorative architectural element. The courthouse great arch

3230-462: The Courthouse to the left of the arch and is a 12-foot-tall depiction of a woman and man emerging from the ocean.  The fountain is surrounded by a decorative pool of water. The Great Arch and sculpture was created by Italian artist Ettore Cadorin .  The Spirit of the Ocean was restored in 2010 and the Great Arch was restored in 2023. The courthouse grounds feature the Sunken Garden,

3315-779: The Hoard and used the attendant “Lancet” windows to direct weapons fire down upon potential enemies. A third example of Andelusian castle architecture is found in the Courthouse’s rotunda staircase. The staircase is designed as a defensive element, providing for the ascension and descension of the stairs by castle defenders in a manner that facilitates a defensive resistance to ascending enemies. The courthouse’s interior features numerous Spanish Colonial Revival architectural elements.  The floors feature TerraCotta tiles manufactured in Lincoln, California by Gladding, McBean and Company and

3400-442: The Santa Barbara County Board of Supervisors Assembly Room was relocated and the courthouse was remodeled to add additional courtrooms.  The courthouse now holds six courtrooms. The 1929 jail was originally built to house 140 prisoners.  The top floor contains two solitary confinement cells.  The fourth floor housed male prisoners. The third floor housed female prisoners.  The second floor served as an apartment for

3485-852: The Spanish Colonial Revival Style were brought to the attention of architects attending late 19th and early 20th centuries international expositions . For example, California's Mission Revival style Pavilion in white stucco at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago , and the Mission Inn , along with the Electric Tower of the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo in 1900 introduced

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3570-722: The Spanish Colonial Revival style in his founding and development of San Clemente, California in 1928. The Pasadena City Hall by John Bakewell, Jr. and Arthur Brown, Jr. , the Sonoma City Hall , and the Beverly Hills City Hall by Harry G. Koerner and William J. Gage are other notable civic examples in California. Between 1922 and 1931, architect Robert H. Spurgeon constructed 32 Spanish colonial revival houses in Riverside and many of them have been preserved. The Spanish Colonial Revival of Mexico has

3655-496: The Spanish Colonial Revival style.  The building’s main entrance areas, as well as side entrances and the entrance to the County Hall of Records, feature dramatic stone facades with sandstone quarried from Santa Barbara County’s Refugio Canyon. Giovanni Antolini was the master stonecutter and mason who oversaw the stonework. The exterior also demonstrates the lancet windows , barred windows and balconies so familiar in Spanish Colonial Revival architecture.  The rear exit of

3740-589: The Spanish Revival of the time, including Palm Beach. The Palm Beach Town Hall , built in 1925 by Harvey and Clarke , with renovations later made by several notable architects. The major location of design and construction in the Spanish Colonial Revival style was California, especially in the coastal cities. In 1915 the San Diego Panama–California Exposition , with architects Bertram Goodhue and Carleton Winslow Sr., popularized

3825-854: The US and 27,000 in Sweden. Geothermal energy is a type of renewable energy that encourages conservation of natural resources. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency , geo-exchange systems save homeowners 30–70 percent in heating costs, and 20–50 percent in cooling costs, compared to conventional systems. Geo-exchange systems also save money because they require much less maintenance. In addition to being highly reliable they are built to last for decades. Some utilities, such as Kansas City Power and Light , offer special, lower winter rates for geothermal customers, offering even more savings. In geothermal heating projects

3910-625: The United States in 1819. By the late 1880s, St. Augustine was being developed by Henry M. Flagler as a winter resort for wealthy northern families. He built two grand hotels in the Mediterranean Revival and Spanish Revival styles: the Ponce de Leon Hotel (Carrère and Hastings, 1882) and the Alcazar Hotel (Carrère and Hastings, 1887). These influenced the development of the Spanish Colonial Revival style. A few years later, at

3995-526: The United States. Three architects from New York City John Carrère and Thomas Hastings of Carrère and Hastings and Bostonian Franklin W. Smith, designed grand, elaborately detailed hotels in the Mediterranean Revival and Spanish Revival styles in the 1880s. With the construction of the Ponce de Leon Hotel (designed by Carrère and Hastings, 1882), the Alcazar Hotel (Carrère and Hastings, 1887), and

4080-640: The arts encouraged by the post– Mexican Revolution government. The Mexican style was primarily influenced by the Baroque architecture of central New Spain , in contrast to the U.S. style which was primarily influenced by the northern missions of New Spain. Subsequently, the U.S. interpretation saw popularity in Mexico and was locally termed colonial californiano . Modern-day tract home design in Southern California and Florida largely descends from

4165-457: The building. Heat can be extracted from any source, no matter how cold, but a warmer source allows higher efficiency. A ground-source heat pump uses the shallow ground or ground water (typically starting at 10–12 °C or 50–54 °F) as a source of heat, thus taking advantage of its seasonally moderate temperatures. In contrast, an air source heat pump draws heat from the air (colder outside air) and thus requires more energy. GSHPs circulate

4250-601: The city at the time. Local architectural magazines of the period like The Chinese Architect and The Builder regularly printed detailed examples of the style for local builders to copy and implement. After being conquered and ruled for the Spanish crown, and for the most part being administered as a territory under the jurisdiction of the kingdom of New Spain (Mexico), the Philippines and Mariana islands received Iberian and Latin-American influences in its architecture. By

4335-472: The city center, affecting numerous historic houses including the town hall. It is hypothesized that the drilling perforated an anhydrite layer bringing high-pressure groundwater to come into contact with the anhydrite, which then began to expand. Currently no end to the rising process is in sight. Data from the TerraSAR-X radar satellite before and after the changes confirmed the localised nature of

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4420-652: The city's planning and development, Merrick shared his vision for Coral Gables as "a most extraordinary opportunity for the building of 'Castles in Spain'. Merrick's success in executing this vision for the city would catch the attention of Spain's King, Alfonso XIII , who awarded Merrick the Order of Isabella the Catholic for his support of Spanish culture in Coral Gables. Several other cities in southern Florida showcased

4505-474: The clock and the clock tower gallery was completed in 2012. Visitors may take elevators to the summit of the 85 ft (26 m) "El Mirador" clock tower, which has labeled photographs that show what the viewer is looking at in all directions. The Santa Barbara County Courthouse Docent Council is a volunteer organization that offers daily tours and hosts an information booth located on the Courthouse’s first floor. Courthouse Docents receive extensive training in

4590-431: The colonial Mexico City government building was remodeled in the 1920s and a neocolonial companion building was built in the 1940s. The style, as developed in the United States, came full circle to its geographic point of inspiration as in the late 1930s, single-family houses were built in Mexico City 's then-new upscale neighborhoods in what is known in Mexico as colonial californiano ( Californian Colonial ). That is,

4675-417: The construction of the Mission Santa Barbara . The Mural Room’s ceiling, as well as a majority of the Courthouse’s ceilings, were painted by Italian artist Giovanni Smeraldi . The courthouse’s first floor features a 10 x 12 foot relief map of Santa Barbara County.  Created as a Works Progress Administration project in 1934, it depicts the Los Padres National Forest lands within six counties, and

4760-415: The country such as Gota de Leche, Paco Market, and thousands more, especially in the churches and cathedrals throughout the country. Spanish Colonial Revival architecture shares some elements with the earlier Mission Revival style derived from the architecture of the California missions , and Pueblo Revival style from the traditional Puebloan peoples in New Mexico . Both precedents were popularized in

4845-474: The early 20th century convinced that Mediterranean styles would be well-suited for the Australian climate and lifestyle. Mediterranean style became popular in places like Sydney suburbs Manly and Bondi in the 1920s and 1930s. One variant, known as Spanish Mission or Hollywood Spanish, became popular as Australians saw films of and read in magazines about the glamorous mansions in that style that Hollywood movie stars had. Spanish mission houses began to appear in

4930-434: The early movement. The iconic terracotta shingles and stucco walls have been standard design of new construction in these regions from the 1970s to present. The antecedents of the Spanish Colonial Revival Style in the United States can be traced to the Mediterranean Revival architectural style. In St. Augustine, Florida, a former Spanish colony, a winter playground was developing for wealthy people from northern cities in

5015-449: The first commercial geothermal heat pump to heat the Commonwealth Building (Portland, Oregon) and demonstrated it in 1946. Professor Carl Nielsen of Ohio State University built the first residential open loop version in his home in 1948. The technology became popular in Sweden as a result of the 1973 oil crisis , and has been growing slowly in worldwide acceptance since then. The 1979 development of polybutylene pipe greatly augmented

5100-514: The first commercial use of geothermal power. A 1,000-year-old hot tub has been located in Iceland , where it was built by one of the island's original settlers. The world's oldest working geothermal district heating system in Chaudes-Aigues , France, has been operating since the 14th century. The earliest industrial exploitation began in 1827 with the use of geyser steam to extract boric acid from volcanic mud in Larderello , Italy. In 1892, America's first district heating system in Boise, Idaho ,

5185-407: The form of hot fluids between 50 °C (122 °F) and 150 °C (302 °F). The suitable temperature varies for the different applications. For direct use of geothermal heat, the temperature range for the agricultural sector lies between 25 °C (77 °F) and 90 °C (194 °F), for space heating lies between 50 °C (122 °F) to 100 °C (212 °F). Heat pipes extend

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5270-518: The foundation has completed several projects to restore the Courthouse, including the conservation and restoration of the Great Arch. Spanish Colonial Revival architecture The Spanish Colonial Revival architecture ( Spanish : Arquitectura neocolonial española ), often known simply as Spanish Revival , is a term used to encompass a number of revivalist architectural styles based in both Spanish colonial architecture and Spanish architecture in general. These styles flourished throughout

5355-415: The government of President Venustiano Carranza (serving 1917 to 1920), tax exemptions were offered to those that built houses in a colonial style. In the early 1920s there was a surge of houses built with Plateresque elements; such as grotesques , pinnacles and mixtilinear arches ( es ). Secretary of Education José Vasconcelos (who shaped the cultural philosophy of the post-Revolution government)

5440-435: The ground and, on its return, the warmed fluid passes through the heat pump which uses electricity to extract heat from the fluid. The re-chilled fluid is sent back into the ground thus continuing the cycle. The heat extracted and that generated by the heat pump appliance as a byproduct is used to heat the house. The addition of the ground heating loop in the energy equation means that significantly more heat can be transferred to

5525-413: The ground. Steam under pressure from deep geothermal resources is also used to generate electricity from geothermal power. The Iceland Deep Drilling Project struck a pocket of magma at 2,100m. A cemented steelcase was constructed in the hole with a perforation at the bottom close to the magma. The high temperatures and pressure of the magma steam were used to generate 36MW of electricity, making IDDP-1

5610-476: The heat may come from waste heat supplied by co-generation from a geothermal electrical plant or from deep wells into hot aquifers. Direct geothermal heating is far more efficient than geothermal electricity generation and has less demanding temperature requirements, so it is viable over a large geographical range. If the shallow ground is hot but dry, air or water may be circulated through earth tubes or downhole heat exchangers which act as heat exchangers with

5695-533: The heat pump's economic viability. Since 2000, a compelling body of research has been dedicated to numerically evidence the advantages and efficiency of using CO2, alternative to water, as heat transmission fluid for geothermal energy recovery from enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) where the permeability of the underground source is enhanced by hydrofracturing. As of 2004, there are over one million geothermal heat pumps installed worldwide providing 12 GW of thermal capacity. Each year, about 80,000 units are installed in

5780-412: The heat retained within the Earth since the original formation of the planet, from radioactive decay of minerals, and from solar energy absorbed at the surface. Most high temperature geothermal heat is harvested in regions close to tectonic plate boundaries where volcanic activity rises close to the surface of the Earth. In these areas, ground and groundwater can be found with temperatures higher than

5865-404: The most accomplished architects of the style was George Washington Smith who practiced during the 1920s in Santa Barbara, California . His own residences El Hogar (1916, a.k.a. Casa Dracaena ) and Casa del Greco (1920) brought him commissions from local society in Montecito and Santa Barbara. An example landmark house he designed is the Steedman estate Casa del Herrero in Montecito , now

5950-433: The potential of Spanish Colonial Revival. They also integrated porticoes , pediments and colonnades influenced by Beaux Arts classicism as well. By the early years of the 1910s, Florida was major center for Spanish Colonial Revival style in the United States. Frederick H. Trimble 's Farmer's Bank in Vero Beach , completed in 1914, is a fully mature early example of the style. The city of St. Cloud, Florida , espoused

6035-571: The situation: A geochemical process called anhydrite swelling has been confirmed as the cause of these uplifts . This is a transformation of the mineral anhydrite (anhydrous calcium sulphate) into gypsum (hydrous calcium sulphate). A pre-condition for this transformation is that the anhydrite is in contact with water, which is then stored in its crystalline structure. There are other sources of potential risks, i.e.: cave enlargement or worsening of stability conditions, quality or quantity degradation of groundwater resources, Specific hazard worsening in

6120-441: The style both for homes and commercial structures and has a fine collection of subtle stucco buildings reminiscent of colonial Mexico. Many of these were designed by architectural partners Ida Annah Ryan and Isabel Roberts . One of the most significant examples of the emerging popularity of Spanish Colonial Revival in the United States at the time was is the architecture of Coral Gables, Florida . A planned city established in

6205-541: The style in the state and nation. It is best exemplified in the California Quadrangle , built as the grand entrance to that Exposition. In the early 1920s, architect Lilian Jeannette Rice designed the style in the development of the town of Rancho Santa Fe in San Diego County. The city of Santa Barbara adopted the style to give it a unified Spanish character after widespread destruction in

6290-453: The target temperature of the application. However, even cold ground contains heat. Below 6 metres (20 ft), the undisturbed ground temperature is consistently at the mean annual air temperature, and this heat can be extracted with a ground source heat pump . There are a wide variety of applications for cheap geothermal heat including heating of houses, greenhouses, bathing and swimming or industrial uses. Most applications use geothermal in

6375-691: The temperature range down to 5 °C (41 °F) as they extract and "amplify" the heat. Geothermal heat exceeding 150 °C (302 °F) is typically used for geothermal power generation. In 2004 more than half of direct geothermal heat was used for space heating, and a third was used for spas. The remainder was used for a variety of industrial processes, desalination, domestic hot water, and agricultural applications. The cities of Reykjavík and Akureyri pipe hot water from geothermal plants under roads and pavements to melt snow. Geothermal desalination has been demonstrated. Geothermal systems tend to benefit from economies of scale , so space heating power

6460-549: The time the United States occupied the Philippines, the Mission-style and Spanish Colonial Revival architecture also arrived, with inspirations from California. American architects further developed this style in the Philippines, modernizing the buildings with American amenities. The best example of the Spanish Colonial Revival architecture and California mission style is the famed Manila Hotel designed by William E. Parsons and built in 1909. Other examples exist throughout

6545-483: The underground is penetrated by trenches or drillholes. As with all underground work, projects may cause problems if the geology of the area is poorly understood. In the spring of 2007 an exploratory geothermal drilling operation was conducted to provide geothermal heat to the town hall of Staufen im Breisgau . After initially sinking a few millimeters, a process called subsidence , the city center has started to rise gradually causing considerable damage to buildings in

6630-428: The wall tiles were created by renowned Tunisian ceramic artist Jacob Chemla . The Courthouse includes a number of lamps varying in size and chandeliers custom made in the United States. Prominent Courthouse art includes “Landing of Cabrillo” by Dan Sayer Groesbeck and a series of paintings by Theodore Van Cina including “The Burial of Governor Jose Figueroa ” and “The Fandango”. The courthouse’s most prominent feature

6715-620: The wealthier suburbs, the most famous being Boomerang , at Elizabeth Bay . The Plaza Theatre in Sydney is a celebrated cinema in the style. In the 1930s, numerous houses in Spanish Revival style were built in Shanghai , particularly in the former French Concession . Although Shanghai was not culturally linked to the Spanish-speaking world, these buildings were probably inspired by Hollywood movies, which were highly influential in

6800-546: The world's first magma-enhanced geothermal system. In areas where the shallow ground is too cold to provide comfort directly, it is still warmer than the winter air. The thermal inertia of the shallow ground retains solar energy accumulated in the summertime, and seasonal variations in ground temperature disappear completely below 10m of depth. That heat can be extracted with a geothermal heat pump more efficiently than it can be generated by conventional furnaces. Geothermal heat pumps are economically viable essentially anywhere in

6885-406: The world. In theory, geothermal energy (usually cooling) can also be extracted from existing infrastructure, such as municipal water pipes. In regions without any high temperature geothermal resources, a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) can provide space heating and space cooling. Like a refrigerator or air conditioner, these systems use a heat pump to force the transfer of heat from the ground to

6970-404: Was an active promoter of neocolonial architecture. Traditional materials such as tezontle , cantera and Talavera tiles were incorporated into neocolonial buildings. The colonial-era National Palace was significantly altered between 1926 and 1929: the addition of a third floor and changes to the facade. The modifications were done in a manner corresponding to the original style. Similarly,

7055-814: Was based on US Forest Service and US Geological Survey maps of the area and was intended to be used in support of fighting forest fires. Modeling was done by the Civilian Conservation Corps and it was built by U.S. Forest Service engineers. First displayed at the California Pacific International Exhibition in San Diego in 1935, the map was installed in the Santa Barbara County Courthouse in 1936. The exterior features red tile roofs and white stucco walls consistent with

7140-598: Was made a City of Santa Barbara Historic Landmark in 1982, a California Historical Landmark in 2004, and a National Historic Landmark in 2005. Over the years, most County administrative offices were relocated to other County buildings.  The current Courthouse houses six County Superior Court rooms, the Mural Room (formerly the Supervisors Assembly Room), the County Hall of Records, the County Public Defender's Office, offices of

7225-597: Was powered directly by geothermal energy, and was soon copied in Klamath Falls, Oregon in 1900. A deep geothermal well was used to heat greenhouses in Boise in 1926, and geysers were used to heat greenhouses in Iceland and Tuscany at about the same time. Charlie Lieb developed the first downhole heat exchanger in 1930 to heat his house. Steam and hot water from the geysers began to be used to heat homes in Iceland in 1943. By this time, Lord Kelvin had already invented

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