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20-564: Officially the son of a poor blacksmith, he worked as a youth in the wool industry in Florence under another name, until he was alleged to be a natural son of Ercole Bentivoglio . He was educated at Florence in the court of Cosimo de' Medici the Elder and possessed a vast culture. Through his putative noble father, Sante can pretend to be a cousin of Annibale I Bentivoglio , at the time ruler of Bologna (also of dubious paternity). When Annibale

40-547: A century. The presence in Bologna of the Bentivoglio family is first recorded in 1323. Originally from the castle of that name in the neighborhood of Bologna, the family claimed descent from Enzio , King of Sardinia , an illegitimate son of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor . During the fourteenth century, the family, belonging to one of the worker's guilds at Bologna, had gained power as pro-papist Guelph leaders in

60-410: A lombard branch of the family. A notable recent member of the family is Galeazzo Benti , originally Galeazzo Bentivoglio, 20th century actor. The Church of San Giacomo Maggiore , originally built in the mid-13th century, was adopted in the 15th century by the Bentivoglio family as the center of their power base in the surrounding neighborhood, and they embellished the church accordingly. It included

80-492: The Castel Bolognese . Antongaleazzo then lived as a condottiero , though without notable deeds. Exiled from his city despite his position as Papal commander, Bentivoglio was finally able to return in Bologna on 4 December 1435 at the head of a large number of exiles. However, his presence raised the suspicions of the papal legate Daniele da Treviso, who had him taken prisoner and beheaded. His remains were interred in

100-560: The Bentivoglio received the fief of Castel Bolognese . In 1438 Annibale I, a putative son of Anton Galeazzo (his mother, Lina Canigiani, was said to be uncertain of the boy's paternity and the matter was decided by dice) [1] , led a city revolt against the Papacy . He tried to make peace with the Visconti of Milan and to convince the Pope not to place Bologna under papal dominion. In 1442,

120-401: The Pope and Sante Bentivoglio created a mixed constitutional state in Bologna. In 1460 Sante started building the impressive Palazzo Bentivoglio , which was destroyed in 1507 after the Bentivoglio were ousted from Bologna. He obtained from the pope's autonomy of government over the city and established a communal senate including local nobles and Papal representants. He worked in cooperation with

140-441: The Visconti condottiere Niccolò Piccinino imprisoned Annibale and his supporters at Varano, but Annibale was freed by Galeazzo Marescotti in 1442. When Annibale returned to Bologna, the powers of government were conferred to him, a sign that the city recognized the family's political importance. However, on 24 June 1445, with the support of Pope Eugene IV , Battista Canneschi, succeeded in assassinating his rival Annibale. Annibale

160-413: The city obtained some actual autonomy and recreated a regime of the feudal type, with a communal senate composed of the landowning nobility, the new rich, and the papal nobility. Bologna also strengthened its relations with Venice , Milan , and Florence. Sante was succeeded by Giovanni II (1443–1508), the son of Annibale I, who ruled as virtual tyrant of Bologna. In 1506, the noble Bentivoglio family

180-451: The fourteenth century. Amid the faction-conflicts of the commune, on 14 March 1401, Giovanni I Bentivoglio, with the help of Gian Galeazzo Visconti , declared himself signore and Gonfaloniere di Giustizia . The Visconti however soured on Giovanni, and he was defeated and killed on 26 June 1402 at the Battle of Casalecchio and was interred in the church of San Giacomo Maggiore. During

200-463: The highest reputation, not just among the citizens of Bologna, but also among the lords of Italy, which was a marvellous thing' Bentivoglio family The Bentivoglio family ( Latin : Bentivoius ) was an Italian noble family that became the de facto rulers of Bologna and responsible for giving the city its political autonomy during the Renaissance , although their rule did not survive

220-462: The medical properties of cheese. He also wrote satirical works. The Bentivoglio Family, expelled from Bologna in 1506, established themselves in Ferrara , where they produced some important prelates, such as: The third son of Giovanni II , Alessandro Bentivoglio , who had married Ippolita Sforza , became a counselor of the last duke of Milan and later governor of the town (1525), giving origin to

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240-534: The murder of his father, Antongaleazzo studied law and was a leader of the republican opposition in Bologna against the authority of the Antipope John XXIII (1416–1420). He treated with the famous condottiero Braccio da Montone when the latter was sent to occupy the city; in 1420, he seized the effective lordship of Bologna but had soon to cede it to the newly elected Pope Martin V , in exchange for

260-517: The next few decades, the city's political status -and the family's fortunes- remained unpredictable. The son of Giovanni I, Anton Galeazzo (or Antongaleazzo, c. 1385–1435), was a lecturer in civil law who briefly assumed power in Bologna in 1420, but was quickly overthrown. He became a condottiero , and was assassinated by papal officials on 23 December 1435 due to fears over his growing power (he had returned to Bologna in December). During his reign

280-822: The representatives of the pope: Pius II even visited Bologna two times in 1458 and 1459. It did not trust them however and said on one occasion: "The blood of my own kin has taught me a bitter lesson as to the little faith that can be placed in priests." Politically, he allied with the Republic of Venice , the House of Sforza and the house of Medici , playing on the Venetian fear of both Milan and Florence. He died in Bologna in 1462 due to illness, being succeeded by Giovanni II Bentivoglio, Annibale's son, who later remarried his widow Ginevra. The great Bolognese historian Cherubino Ghirardacci wrote that 'Sante Bentivoglio had achieved

300-445: The tomb of Anton Galeazzo Bentivoglio by Jacopo della Quercia and the Bentivoglio family's own private chapel, the altar of which has some striking artwork by Lorenzo Costa depicting family victories over other Bolognese dynasties. Anton Galeazzo Bentivoglio Antongaleazzo Bentivoglio (c. 1385–1435) was an Italian condottiero who was executed by the papacy for treason. The son of Giovanni I Bentivoglio , after

320-458: Was brought to ruin by Pope Julius II when he expelled Giovanni II from Bologna. A son of Giovanni II, Annibale II (1469–1540), married Lucrezia d'Este, an illegitimate daughter of Duke Ercole I of Ferrara , in 1487. He served as a condottiero . During a rebellion in 1511 against Julius II, Annibale II with the help of the French took control o Bologna, but he was able to rule for only a year. He

340-522: Was hated by other rival families, such as the Ghislieri and the Canetoli, and was subsequently assassinated. Annibale II was the last ruler of his line. In exile, the Bentivoglio family established themselves in Ferrara and produced several notable prelates. Ercole Bentivoglio, the putative father of Sante I who lived in exile in Florence and Ferrara, wrote a long poem on dietetic , greatly extolling

360-516: Was killed in an ambuscade by a rival family, the people of Bologna gave him the government of their city with the title of Gonfaloniere di Giustizia . He was also named as sole tutor of Annibale's son, Giovanni . The event transformed Sante from a Florentine popolano into the virtual prince of Bologna. It was with Sante Bentivoglio's seizure of power, encouraged by the Duke of Milan, that the Signoria

380-414: Was succeeded by Sante I (1426–1463). Sante was also of dubious paternity and origin, but alleged to be a son of Ercole Bentivoglio, a cousin of Annibale I. Originally an apprentice of the wool guild of Florence , Sante ruled as signore of Bologna from 1442. Sponsored by Cosimo de' Medici , Sante Bentivoglio ushered in a brief period of political tranquility. Always technically under papal sovereignty,

400-524: Was ultimately established in Bologna. In 1454 he married Ginevra Sforza , then fourteen years old, the daughter of Alessandro Sforza , lord of Pesaro , establishing his family's close relationship with the Sforza dynasty. The two had two daughters: Costanza (1458–1491), who married Antonmaria Pico della Mirandola , and Ercola (1459–1505). He also had a son Ercole (1459-1507), who became a condottiero and fought for Florence in several successive wars. In 1457

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