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82-622: The Sapang Baho River is a river system that runs through Rizal Province and Marikina in the Philippines . The name, when literally translated, means "smelly creek". It is one of 21 tributaries of Laguna de Bay and is regularly monitored by the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) through one of its 15 river monitoring stations. Among its headwaters are the Hinulugang Taktak falls on

164-626: A 5-hectare (12-acre) lot near the Ynares Center , it was successfully inaugurated on March 4, 2009, bringing back the Capitol Building inside the provincial territory from which it was absent for 34 years (when Pasig was incorporated into Metro Manila ). On June 19, 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte signed Republic Act No. 11475 into law, which officially transferred the capital of the Rizal province from Pasig to Antipolo . The law

246-697: A battle against Spanish troops in Magdalena in February 1898, but had to retreat after being shot in the hip. Jacinto would take refuge at the nearby church but was then arrested and jailed in Santa Cruz. Jacinto would escape by pretending to be a double agent for the Spanish, but would eventually contract malaria and die in April 1899. Pio del Pilar and Paciano Rizal led revolutionary troops to victory in

328-654: A colony. The Taft Commission was established to govern the Philippines during the interim period, which appointed Juan Cailles as the provincial governor of Laguna. Act No. 83, or the Provincial Government Act, established a civilian government under American occupation. During this time, roads were built, schools were established, and in 1917, the Manila Railroad Company extended its line to Laguna as far as Pagsanjan. In 1903,

410-476: A density of 14,000/km (36,000/sq mi), while Cavinti is the smallest with a density of 120/km (310/sq mi). Most of the people in Laguna live in the cities of San Pedro, Biñan, Santa Rosa, Cabuyao, Calamba and San Pablo accounting to 68.85% of the population of the province. Laguna is the 3rd most populous province in the Philippines and also the 3rd densest. Laguna has a median age of 24.9 years. Being in

492-605: A historic meeting was held at the Pasig Catholic Church for the organization of a civil government in the Province of Manila and District of Morong, with 221 delegates in attendance. The first Philippine Commission, headed by William Howard Taft and composed of Commissioners Luke E. Wright , Henry C. Ide , Bernard Moses and Dean C. Worcester , discussed with the Assembly the issue of whether or not to write

574-535: A large number of people from farther provinces have migrated to the province, resulting in minor but significant usage of the Bicolano , Cebuano , various Cordilleran languages , Cuyunon , Ilocano , Hiligaynon , Kapampangan , Karay-a , Pangasinan and Waray , as well as various Lumad (indigenous languages in Mindanao) languages, Iranun , Maranao , Maguindanaon and Tausug languages. Roman Catholicism

656-728: A local legend in the area as a Robin Hood figure. A manhunt on Asedillo began in November 1935, eventually leading to his capture and execution. On May 2, 1935, members of the Sakdalista party in Cabuyao and nearby towns took over the municipal hall and church as part of a general uprising with the main goal of achieving immediate independence from the United States. Led by Salud Algabre , approximately 300 Sakdalistas occupied

738-428: A longest drop of 120 m (390 ft). Laguna has 60,624 ha (606.24 km ) of alienable and disposable agricultural land, mostly found near the low-lying areas. Around 41,253 ha (412.53 km ), or 23.44% of Laguna's total land area is forest land, situated near Mount Makiling and further south towards Quezon. Laguna has an estimated 16,205 ha (162.05 km ) of forest cover, ranking it third in

820-492: A new political subdivision named Distrito Politico-Militar de los Montes de San Mateo ( transl.  Political-Military District of the San Mateo Mountains ) was formed. This consisted of the towns of Antipolo , Bosoboso, Cainta and Taytay from the Province of Tondo, and the towns of Morong , Baras , Tanay , Pililla , Angono , Binangonan and Jala-jala from the Province of La Laguna, with Morong as

902-413: A year later. In 1670, a delimitation of borders were made between Lucban , Majayjay and Cavite . The most populous town at that time, Bay , was capital of the province until 1688, when the seat of the provincial government was moved to Pagsanján. Pagsanján would be the provincial seat until 1858 when it was moved once again to Santa Cruz. In 1754, the province of Laguna and Tayabas were divided, with

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984-404: Is Gat Pangil , a powerful native ruler in the area. The towns of Bay , Pangil and Pakil were reputed to have once been a part of his domain, although accounts vary about his identity. The province of Laguna, which was formerly called La Laguna and La Provincia de la Laguna de Bay , was named after Laguna de Bay , the body of water that forms its northern boundary. Laguna de Bay, in turn,

1066-403: Is Santa Cruz . As of the 2020 census, there are 3,382,193 people in the province. The province is divided into four parts. The northwestern half consists of the component cities of San Pedro, Biñan, Santa Rosa, Cabuyao, and Calamba. The northeastern half is made up of the municipalities of Santa Maria, Mabitac, Famy, Siniloan, Pangil, Pakil, Paete, Kalayaan, and Lumban. The western half includes

1148-576: Is Mt. Banahaw, with an elevation of 2,170 m (7,120 ft). Banahaw, unlike most other volcanoes in Laguna, is an active complex stratovolcano , which last erupted in 1843. Banahaw is located in the boundary of Laguna and Quezon and is home to multiple hot springs. Laguna is also home to the Laguna Volcanic Field , which can be found near San Pablo. The Laguna Volcanic Field is composed of over 200 dormant and monogenetic maars , crater lakes , scoria cones and stratovolcanoes,

1230-519: Is situated southeast of Metro Manila , south of Rizal province, west of Quezon , north of Batangas and east of Cavite . Laguna is the third largest province in the Calabarzon region and the 63rd largest in the entire country. The municipalities of Cavinti and the city of San Pablo have the largest land areas with 203.58 km (78.60 sq mi) and 197.56 km (76.28 sq mi), respectively. The municipality of Victoria has

1312-700: Is suitable for agriculture, irrigation, livestock watering and industrial water supply class II. " Worse than Class D " means that the Sapang Bato is not usable for any of these functions. The Sapang Baho has been noted to have a blue color which has been attributed to dissolved matter. This mixes with the water in Manggahan Floodway , and from there to the Lake. 14°33′N 121°06′E  /  14.550°N 121.100°E  / 14.550; 121.100 Rizal (province) Antipolo serves as

1394-652: Is the predominant religion with about 80 percent adherence. Various Christian groups exist such as Members Church of God International (MCGI) , Oneness Apostolic or Pentecostal like UPC, ALJC and ACJC, Iglesia Filipina Independiente , Born-again Christians , Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide , Iglesia ni Cristo comprise 4%, Jehovah's Witnesses , Baptist , Church of Christ of Latter Day Saints , El Shaddai (movement) Methodists , Presbyterians , Seventh-day Adventist and other Evangelical Christians . Muslims , Anitists , animists, and atheists are also present in

1476-776: The Battle of Calamba in May 1898, and the surrender of the last Spanish garrison in Laguna in Santa Cruz, on August 31 of the same year. Laguna actively supported the First Philippine Republic proclaimed at Malolos on January 23, 1899. Its two delegates to the Malolos Congress were Don Higino Benítez and Don Graciano Cordero, both natives of Pagsanján. On the outbreak of the Philippine–American War , Generals Juan Cailles and Paciano Rizal led

1558-464: The Bicol Peninsula as part of the colonizing effort. Juan de Plasencia and Diego de Oropesa were the earliest Franciscans sent to these places. From 1580, the towns of Bay , Caliraya, Majayjay , Nagcarlan , Liliw , Pila , Santa Cruz , Lumban , Pangil and Siniloan were founded. During the time of Governor-General Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas , the province of La Laguna was divided into

1640-659: The Caliraya Dam and the Lumot Dam . Due to its proximity to Laguna de Bay, Laguna is home to a large number of its tributaries. One of the most famous rivers in Laguna is the Bumbungan River , also known as the Pagsanjan River, named after the town of Pagsanjan and its falls. The Cavinti Falls also known as Pagsanjan Falls lie at the end of the river. The Cavinti Falls are a three-drop waterfall with

1722-565: The Canlubang district of Calamba was among the many sites where prisons were put up to contain detainees who dared to criticize the Marcos administration. Laguna has been the victim of perennial flooding along the south and eastern coasts of Laguna de Bay due to the 1977 cancellation of the Parañaque spillway project. The spillway had been the second part of a plan to reduce flooding on

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1804-594: The City of Greater Manila , by virtue of Executive Order No. 400 signed by President Manuel L. Quezon as an emergency measure. The city was dissolved by President Sergio Osmeña in 1945, thus restoring the pre-war status of the merged cities and towns. Through Presidential Decree No. 824, Rizal was partitioned on November 7, 1975 to form Metropolitan Manila . The municipalities of Las Piñas , Parañaque , Muntinlupa , Taguig , Pateros , Makati , Mandaluyong , San Juan , Malabon , Navotas , Pasig and Marikina , and

1886-796: The Japanese Imperial forces . Beginning in 1945, attacks by the Filipino soldiers of the 4th, 42nd, 43rd, 45th, 46th and 47th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army, 4th Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary and the recognized guerrillas against Japanese forces in Laguna increased in anticipation of the Liberation of the Philippines by joint Filipino & American forces. The International Rice Research Institute

1968-558: The Manggahan Floodway , into whose East bank it now drains at the barangay of San Francisco, Cainta , somewhere near San Francisco Elementary School. The portion of the river cut off by the floodway still exists, visible at the opposite bank of the floodway at the Greenwoods Executive Village in Cainta, and ending at the original rivermouth where the shore of Taytay, Rizal meets Laguna de Bay. The main body of

2050-744: The Pandan Festival of Luisiana , the Seven Lakes of San Pablo , and the Nagcarlan Underground Cemetery in Nagcarlan . Laguna is part of the Greater Manila Area alongside Cavite , Rizal , and Bulacan . Pre-Hispanic settlement in the area can be dated to prehistoric times, as evidenced in the names of towns such as Pila, Laguna, whose name can be traced to the straight mounds of dirt that form

2132-672: The Philippine Constabulary is a military unit organization was founded on January 3, 1942, to June 30, 1946, in the province of Laguna, and aided of the local military regular units of the Philippine Commonwealth Army 4th and 42nd Infantry Division and the Philippine Constabulary 4th Constabulary Regiment. Started the engagements of the Anti-Japanese Military Operations in Southern Luzon, Mindoro and Palawan from 1942 to 1945 against

2214-589: The Province of Laguna ( Filipino : Lalawigan ng Laguna ), is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon . Its capital is Santa Cruz while its largest city is the City of Calamba (the regional center of Calabarzon) and the province is situated southeast of Metro Manila , south of the province of Rizal , west of Quezon , north of Batangas and east of Cavite . Laguna hugs

2296-497: The Sangguniang Panlalawigan is composed of ten elected members. Effective 2022, four members are elected from each of the province's first legislative district , two from the second district, and one each from the third and fourth legislative districts and Antipolo 's first and second legislative districts . Download coordinates as: Laguna (province) Laguna [lɐˈɣuː.na] , officially

2378-811: The University of the Philippines Los Baños and the University of the Philippines Open University in Los Baños , the hot spring resorts of Calamba on the slopes of Mount Makiling , Pila historic town plaza, Taytay Falls in Majayjay , the wood carvings and papier-mâché created by the people of Paete , the annual Sampaguita Festival in San Pedro , the turumba of Pakil , the tsinelas footwear from Liliw ,

2460-452: The 1970s, although the program would fail in the 1980s mostly because of the Marcos administration 's credit scheme did not work. The social unrest which arose when Ferdinand Marcos ' debt-driven campaign spending led to the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis spread beyond the capital and also triggered protests by students in Laguna, especially UP Los Baños . When martial law

2542-620: The 2020 census was 3,330,143 people, with a density of 2,800 inhabitants per square kilometer or 7,300 inhabitants per square mile. Due to its location being in the heart of the Katagalugan, almost all of the residents of Rizal mainly speak Tagalog . English and Filipino are used as second languages respectively; Filipino is a version of Tagalog which is spoken by residents of Rizal in code switching & when speaking to Tagalog speakers of other dialects. Being bordered by Metro Manila (whose majority of its cities were once part of Rizal),

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2624-400: The 2020 census was 3,382,193 people, with a density of 1,800 inhabitants per square kilometer or 4,700 inhabitants per square mile. Calamba is the most populous city in Laguna, accounting for 16% of the provincial population with 539,671 inhabitants, while Famy is the smallest municipality in Laguna with a total population of 16,791. In terms of population density, San Pedro has the largest with

2706-627: The Brains of the Katipunan , also led forces in the province at the time. One of the early engagements of the revolution was the Battle of Sambat , in Pagsanjan. Katipuneros from Laguna, led by Severino Taiño, took the city of Pagsanjan and attempted to use it as a starting point towards the liberation of the province, but was quelled by forces led by Basilio Augustín . The defeat in Sambat meant

2788-544: The Cine Lumban in Laguna in June 1942 in an attempt to free the 115 American POWs . Only one American was rescued, Corporal George Lightman of the 3rd Pursuit Squadron, because the ranking American captain ordered his men to stay where they were. The Japanese executed 10 American prisoners in retribution. The establishment of the military general headquarters and military camp bases of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and

2870-657: The December 2005 Water Quality Status Report listed on the LLDA's site, the Sapang Baho River was listed as " worse than Class D " with very low % Dissolved Oxygen saturation. It also indicated that this status had been "maintained" since the river was last monitored. According to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources 's Water Usage & Classification for Fresh Water, Class D Quality freshwater

2952-599: The Malinao River separating the towns of Majayjay and Lucban . In 1678, Fray Hernando Cabrera founded San Pablo de los Montes (now San Pablo City ) and built a wooden church and convent considered as the best and finest in the province. Fighting extended to Laguna during the British occupation of Manila between the years of 1762–64. A detachment of British troops under Captain Thomas Backhouse entered

3034-603: The National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB), Rizal province came out to be the Philippines' least poor province with a poverty incidence rate of 3.4%, even lower than that of the National Capital Region or Metro Manila. . On April 23, 2013, the National Statistics Coordination Board (NCSB) reported that Rizal, from being the least poor province in poverty incidence moved down to the 3rd Place, with Cavite taking over as

3116-530: The Politico-Military District of Morong (i.e. Angono , Antipolo , Baras , Binangonan , Bosoboso, Cardona , Jalajala , Morong , Pililla , Quisao, Tanay , Taytay and Teresa ). The City of Manila from the old Province of Manila was treated as a separate entity. The seat of the provincial government was Pasig; however, for seven months in 1904, San Felipe Neri served as the provincial seat. The number of municipalities changed with

3198-474: The Province of Manila with the District of Morong, was not self-sufficient to operate as a separate province. Although the delegates from Morong, Hilarion Raymundo, and José Tupas, objected to the proposal, Juan Sumulong of Antipolo strongly advocated the move. After much acrimonious debate and upon the suggestion of Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera the body agreed on the creation of a new province independent of

3280-850: The Province of Manila. The new province was aptly named after José Rizal , the country's national hero. On June 11, 1901, the province of Rizal was officially and legally created by virtue of Act No. 137 by the First Philippine Commission which during the time was acting as the unicameral legislative body in the island of Luzon. The new province was composed of 32 municipalities, 19 from the old Province of Manila (i.e. Cainta , Caloocan , Las Piñas , Malibay, Mariquina (Marikina) , Montalban (Rodriguez) , Muntinlupa , Navotas , Novaliches , Parañaque , Pasig , Pateros , Pineda (Pasay) , San Felipe Neri (Mandaluyong) , San Juan del Monte (San Juan) , San Mateo , San Pedro Macati (Makati) , Taguig , Tambobong (Malabon) ); and 13 from

3362-609: The Province of Tondo. It was recorded that in 1591, the Encomiendas of Moron and Taitay were under the jurisdiction of the Franciscan Order in the Province of La Laguna; and the Encomiendas of Nabotas (Navotas), Tambobo (Malabon), Tondo, Parañaque (then La Huerta, Parañaque ), Longalo ( Don Galo , Parañaque), Tagui and Pasig were under the jurisdiction of the Augustinians in the Province of Tondo. In 1853,

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3444-579: The Taktak River in Antipolo city, once a famed tourist destination in the days before urbanization and pollution. The Sapang Baho river originates in the mountains of Rizal province, including upper portions of the city of Marikina , which has since become part of the Metro Manila . Its mouth , which once released water directly into Laguna de Bay , has been obscured by the construction of

3526-583: The boundaries of the rice paddy, or Pilapil . The written history of the province of Laguna, (Lagoon in Spanish ) and that of the Southern Tagalog region, dates to 900 AD. The Laguna Copperplate Inscription is the oldest known written document found in the Philippines. It notes that its subject was released from a debt to the King of Tondo . A prominent figure during the time of pre-Hispanic contact

3608-421: The capital. This district was changed to Distrito Politico-Militar de Morong four years later. By virtue of Circular No. 83, dated September 2, 1859, the Province of Tondo became the Province of Manila . All its towns were placed under the administration, fiscal supervision and control of the Governor of the new province. The town of Mariquina ( Marikina ) became the capital of the Province of Manila during

3690-402: The defense of Laguna during the war's early stages. The Battle of Mabitac was fought in defense of the town of Mabitac and was won by Filipino forces. However, forces led by Henry W. Lawton fought and won in Santa Cruz , Pagsanjan , and Paete , effectively securing the province for American forces. By the end of the war, the entire country was occupied by American forces and was taken as

3772-400: The economic centers of the province, while Angono , Rodriguez , Morong , San Mateo , Tanay , Binangonan and Teresa are taking successful steps to urbanize areas within their jurisdiction. Other areas of the province are having difficulty to start the urbanization process, mainly because of the lack of main roads to connect these to economic centers. In a study recently conducted by

3854-463: The end of large-scale organized revolt in Laguna, the Malungingnging chapter of the Katipunan failing to replicate the relative success of the revolution in Cavite. The revolutionaries resorted to hit-and-run and guerrilla tactics against the Spanish, lasting until the Pact of Biak-na-Bato on December 14 to 15, 1897. Some revolutionaries continued the armed struggle after the Pact of Biak-na-Bato in refusal of Emilio Aguinaldo 's orders. Jacinto led

3936-399: The end of the 1700s, Laguna was a major province of 14,392 native families and 336 Spanish Filipino families . There were also 2,000 Chinese-Filipino farmers/families. A major event in Laguna occurred in 1840, when religious intolerance led the people of Majayjay, Nagcarlan, Bay , and Biñan to join the revolt of Hermano Pule (Apolinario de la Cruz) of Lucban , Tayabas. This revolt

4018-405: The first year of Manggahan Floodway's completion in 1986, Laguna was hit by an unusual large flood which lasted for 2 months and resulted in high mortality and morbidity rates due to gastroenteritis and other water-borne diseases. Laguna covers a total area of 1,917.85 km (740.49 sq mi) occupying the north‑central section of the Calabarzon region in Luzon . The province

4100-428: The following encomiendas : By 1591, there were approximately 48,400 people living in the province. Laguna was the site of multiple engagements during the Sangley Rebellion , made up of Chinese-Filipino mestizos. In 1603, Antonio de Morga relates how the Chinese rebels scattered to three divisions, one of which went to the mountains of San Pablo. Captain Don Luys de Velasco, aided by Spanish and Filipino forces,

4182-446: The hot springs of Los Baños and San Pablo were known to the Spanish, and a hospital was built in the area. By 1622, the hospital was notable enough to be mentioned by the Archbishop of Manila at the time, Miguel García Serrano in his letter to King Philip IV . In 1639, a second rebellion involving the Chinese occurred, and the rebels fortified themselves in the highlands of Cavinti and Lumban before surrendering in Pagsanjan

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4264-437: The lakeshore towns of Metro Manila in the 1970s, but the various economic crises of the 1970s led to a lack of budget, which meant that only the Manggahan Floodway in Rizal province was built. The Floodway drew waters away from the Metro Manila lakeshore towns, but dumped them on to the lake. The cancellation of the Parañaque spillway meant that there was no way for the water levels of the lake to be reduced in turn. Within

4346-454: The least province by 4.1% (compared to Rizal's 7.6%) and Laguna for 2nd with 6.3%. Antipolo, the province's capital city, is the center of trade and exchange, tourism, government, and economy. It is also a center of education and sports because of the availability of various educational and physical training facilities. Acclaimed of its scenic attractions, the city also produces agricultural products such as cashew nuts and rice cakes. Taytay,

4428-464: The middle of the Southern Tagalog Region , almost all people in Laguna speak Tagalog , with 99.2% of the population being fluent in it. It is spoken with a dialect greatly influenced from those spoken in the neighboring Cavite , Batangas , Rizal and Bulacan , and has several variants in each municipality. There is a minority of people fluent in Bicolano , Hiligaynon , Karay-a , Ilocano , Cuyunon , Pangasinan and Waray . A significant portion of

4510-408: The municipal boundaries through time, mostly occurring within the provincial boundary. On October 12, 1903, the former municipalities of Bosoboso, Malibay, Novaliches and Quisao were absorbed by Antipolo, Pasay, Caloocan and Pililla, respectively, by virtue of Act No. 942. On November 25, 1903, Muntinlupa was ceded to the Province of La Laguna and became part of the municipality of Biñan , but

4592-402: The municipalities of Los Baños, Bay, Calauan, Alaminos, and the component city of San Pablo. The eastern half is composed of the municipalities of Victoria, Pila, Santa Cruz (the capital), Rizal, Nagcarlan, Liliw, Magdalena, Majayjay, Pagsanjan, Luisiana, and Cavinti. Much of the population is concentrated in the northwestern and western halves of the province. The population of Laguna in

4674-467: The pre-Spanish period. The provincial territory began with the organization of the Tondo and Laguna provinces during the Spanish administration. Some of the towns like Pasig , Parañaque , Taytay and Cainta were already thriving. From the reports of the Encomiendas in 1582–1583, the Encomiendas of Moron ( Morong ) was under the jurisdiction of La Laguna and, the Encomiendas of Passi (Pasig), Taitay (Taytay) and Tagui (Taguig) belonged to

4756-488: The province in search of the silver cargo of the galleon Filipina while Francisco de San Juan led a band of volunteers that fought them in several engagements in and around the then provincial capital of Pagsanjan. Backhouse plundered the town and burned its newly reconstructed church but San Juan succeeded in escaping with the precious hoard to Pampanga where the treasure greatly bolstered the defense effort of Governor-General Simón de Anda y Salazar . For his actions, San Juan

4838-409: The province's center of garment and textile manufacturing, is also the town where the country's largest mall operator runs a store near the town center. Meanwhile, Cainta serves as the center of business-process outsourcing (BPO) businesses in the province, aside from being known for the presence of several shopping centers and delicacies such as bibingka or rice cakes. The provincial legislature or

4920-450: The province. Poverty incidence of Rizal Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Before the 1990s, the primary source of economy in Rizal province were the huge piggery estates owned by Manila-based families. In recent years, the province became one of the most progressive provinces in the country, owing to its proximity to Metro Manila , the economic center of the Philippines . Antipolo , Taytay and Cainta serve as

5002-426: The provincial capital since 2020, having been an administrative center since 2009 with the capitol located in the city. Previously, Pasig served as the capital, a designation it retained even after becoming part of the National Capital Region in 1975. The province is a part of Greater Manila Area . It is the 5th largest province in the Philippines in terms of population. Tagalog settlement arrived sometime in

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5084-472: The provincial seat which is in Antipolo . Generally hilly and mountainous in terrain, most of the province's southern towns lie in the shores of Laguna de Bay , the country's largest inland body of water. Talim Island , the largest island situated within Laguna de Bay , is under the jurisdiction of the province and shared by the municipalities of Binangonan and Cardona. Rizal comprises 13 municipalities and 1 city . The population of Rizal in

5166-411: The region. The province is relatively dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year for a small portion near the southern boundary. The other parts, west of Santa Cruz municipality, experience a dry season from November to April and rainy season during the rest of the year. The eastern and southernmost portions do not have distinct season, with rainfall more evenly distributed throughout

5248-420: The revolutionary Katipunan . Rizal was executed on December 30, 1896, on charges of rebellion. Today, Rizal is recognized as a national hero of the Philippines. Laguna was one of the eight provinces to rise in revolt against the Spanish misrule led by Generals Paciano Rizal in Calamba, Severino Taiño in Pagsanjan, Agueda Kahabagan in Calauan , and Miguel Malvar in Batangas . Emilio Jacinto , known as

5330-462: The river actually meanders only a short distance between Taytay and Cainta, Rizal, where it branches out into smaller creeks at Village East Subdivision, near the LLDA water sampling station. Creeks further upstream which serve as the headwaters of the Sapang Baho include (from West to East): Hakbangan Creek in Marikina ; a creek at Barangay Mayamot, Antipolo; and furthest to the Southeast, the Taktak River and Hinulugang Taktak falls in Antipolo. In

5412-462: The smallest land area with 57.46 km (22.19 sq mi). Laguna lies on the southern shores of Laguna de Bay , the largest lake in the country. The land near Laguna de Bay can be considered to be narrow and flat, while become more rugged going further inland towards the mountainous areas of Sierra Madre , Mount Makiling , and Mount Banahaw . Laguna is home to 24 mountains , most of which are inactive volcanoes. The highest peak in Laguna

5494-511: The southern shores of Laguna de Bay , the largest lake in the country. As of the 2020 census, the total population of Laguna is 3,382,193. Among all 82 provinces in the Philippines, Laguna accounted for the largest share (5%) of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) with a total of Php 990.69 billion in 2022. Laguna is notable as the birthplace of José Rizal , the country's de facto national hero. It has numerous natural and cultural attractions such as Cavinti Falls aka Pagsanjan Falls ,

5576-402: The tallest of which is Mount Makiling at 1,090 m (3,580 ft) in elevation. San Pablo itself is known for its seven crater lakes , the largest of which is Lake Sampaloc . Apart from Laguna de Bay and the Seven Lakes of San Pablo, there are also two reservoir lakes that can be found in Laguna, the Lake Caliraya and Lumot Lake . These two man-made lakes were formed by the creation of

5658-445: The tenure of the revolutionary government of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo . The Politico-Military District of Morong had for its capital the town of Antipolo from 1898 to 1899 and the town of Tanay from 1899 to 1900. On February 6, the First Philippine Commission sought to establish civil government in the country through a provincial organization act after the Filipino-Spanish and Filipino-American conflicts. Therefore, on June 5, 1901,

5740-408: The three cities of Caloocan , Pasay and Quezon City were excised to form the new region, while the other 14 towns remained in Rizal. On June 17, 2008, Governor Casimiro Ynares III announced the transfer of the provincial capitol from Pasig to Antipolo . The new ₱ 270-million capitol building, constructed by Ortigas & Co., owner thereof, was completed by December of that year. Built on

5822-423: The town hall and church of Cabuyao. The uprising was quelled the next day after members of the Philippine Constabulary led by Governor Cailles clamped down on the Sakdalistas. 50 Sakdalistas were killed with 22 suffering injuries. During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines (1942–1945), Laguna was a center of Filipino resistance despite the presence of Makapili collaborators. Marking's Guerrillas raided

5904-666: The town of Muntinlupa became part of La Laguna and was annexed to the town of Biñan, but was later returned to the province of Rizal in 1905. Resistance against the American occupation continued in Laguna. Teodoro Asedillo organized peasants in Longos , Cavinti , Paete , and Sampaloc in Tayabas province under the Katipunan ng mga Anak-Pawis sa Pilipinas , a labor federation opposed to American colonization. Asedillo became

5986-508: The year. Laguna is classified under the Köppen climate classification as predominantly having a Tropical monsoon climate , mostly centered around the areas of Calamba to Calauan . The area stretching from Biñan to Cabuyao is classified as having a Tropical savanna climate , while the area from Luisiana to Pangil has a tropical rainforest climate . Laguna comprises 24 municipalities and 6 cities . The provincial capital of Laguna

6068-643: Was born in Calamba to Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso . Rizal would become one of the leading members of the Propaganda Movement , who advocated political reforms for the colony. Rizal would go on to write two novels, Noli Me Tángere and El filibusterismo , which in part fueled additional anti-colonial sentiment, contributing to the eventual Philippine Revolution . In 1896, thousands of inhabitants, especially of Bay, Los Baños , Nagcarlan , Magdalena , Santa Cruz , and Pagsanjan had joined

6150-710: Was declared in September 1972, Marcos cracked down on any form of criticism or activism, leading to the arrest of many of Laguna citizens. Among those who experienced arrest and torture during martial law were Dr. Aloysius Baes , while among those who became desaparecidos were Tish Ladlad , Cristina Catalla , Gerardo "Gerry" Faustino , Rizalina Ilagan , Ramon Jasul , Professor Jessica Sales , and Philippine Council for Agricultural Research and Resource Development artist-illustrator Manuel Ontong. Among those confirmed to have been martyred for their beliefs were Modesto "Bong" Sison , and Manuel Bautista . Camp Vicente Lim in

6232-531: Was established in 1960, during the presidency of Carlos P. Garcia , and a site in Los Baños was selected to be its headquarters. By 1962 during the presidency of Diosdado Macapagal , IRRI had begun research to develop the new high yield "Miracle Rice" (IR8) variety. Enhanced by the extensive use of chemical fertilizers, IR8 would serve as the foundation for the brief success of the Philippine Government's Masagana 99 agricultural program during

6314-480: Was eventually crushed by Governor-General Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri . As part of political restructuring during the 19th century, the municipalities of Morong , Pililla , Tanay , Baras , Binangonan , Jalajala , Angono and Cardona were separated from Laguna and re-organized to the province Politico-Militar Distrito de Morong . In 1858, the provincial capital was once again moved from Pagsanjan to Santa Cruz, where it stands until today. In 1861, José Rizal

6396-619: Was later returned to Rizal on March 22, 1905, and became part of Taguig until December 17, 1917. On October 12, 1939, Quezon City was established, which included parts of Caloocan, and later on, Novaliches and parts of Marikina, Pasig and San Juan. Marking's and the Hunter's ROTC Guerrillas operated in Rizal Province throughout the war. In 1942, Quezon City and the towns of Caloocan , Makati , Mandaluyong , Parañaque , Pasay , and San Juan were merged with Manila to form

6478-465: Was made a brigade commander and alcalde mayor of Tayabas (now Quezon ) province. In 1774, authorities from Bulacan, Tondo, Laguna Bay, and other areas surrounding Manila reported with consternation that discharged soldiers and deserters (from Mexico, Spain and Peru) were providing Indios military training for the weapons that had been disseminated all over the territory during the British war. By

6560-622: Was named after the town of Bay , the first provincial capital. Captain Juan de Salcedo with a band of one hundred Spanish-Mexican soldiers conquered the province and its surrounding regions for Spain in 1571. The province of La Laguna comprised the modern province of Laguna, as well as parts of what are now known as Rizal and Quezon provinces. In 1577, Spanish Franciscan missionaries arrived in Manila , and in 1578 they started evangelizing Laguna, Morong (now Rizal ), Tayabas (now Quezon ) and

6642-545: Was published on June 22, 2020, and took effect on July 7, 2020. The publication of the law coincided with the 159th birth anniversary of Rizal. Rizal covers a total area of 1,182.65 square kilometers (456.62 sq mi) occupying the northern-central section of the Calabarzon in Luzon . The province is bordered on the north by Bulacan , east by Quezon , southeast by Laguna , south by Laguna de Bay , and west by Metro Manila . Located 20 kilometers (12 mi) east of Manila, commuters take approximately an hour to reach

6724-587: Was successful in pursuing the rebels. Eventually the Chinese were able to kill Luys de Velasco and ten of his men, before securing themselves in San Pablo while waiting for reinforcement from the mainland. On October 20, 1603, Governor-General Pedro Bravo de Acuña then sent Captain Cristoval de Axqueta Menchaca to pursue and crush the rebellion and was successful after twenty days of fighting. Around this time

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