Misplaced Pages

#899100

84-459: Successor of the former Afghan Regional Gendarmerie, the Sarandoy were raised in 1978 with an initial strength of 30,000–35,000 officers and enlisted men, intended to be used on internal security duties. The Soviet MVD Kobalt unit was responsible for providing training assistance to Sarandoy officers from 1980/1981. 5,000 Soviet advisors were brought to Afghanistan to assist in training. The unit

168-661: A five-member delegation was in Kabul to meet with government officials and that there were also plans to meet with Taliban leaders somewhere in Afghanistan. Khalid Farooqi , a member of the parliament from Paktika province, confirmed that two delegations from Hizb-i-Islami had shown up. Zarghun, the group's spokesman in Pakistan, said that the delegation had a 15-point plan that called for the retreat of foreign forces in July 2010 –

252-530: A full year ahead of President Barack Obama's intended withdrawal. The plan also called for the replacement of the current Afghan parliament in December 2010 by an interim government, or shura , which then would hold local and national elections within a year. Zarghun said that a new Afghan constitution would be written, merging the current version with ones used earlier. The same day, Afghanistan's vice-president Mohammad Qasim Fahim reached out to militants at

336-597: A government (though it was unclear whether either Karzai or Abdullah would be directly involved in any such government). President Ashraf Ghani , having fled the country to either Tajikistan or Uzbekistan, emerged in the UAE and said that he supported such negotiations and was in talks to return to Afghanistan. The original Hezb-e-Islami was founded in June 1976 by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar . In 1979, Mulavi Younas Khalis made

420-526: A half million refugees to Pakistan ": Jamiat-e Islami , Junbish-i Milli , Hezb-i Wahdat , Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin and Ittehad-e Islami . As of November 1995, the Taliban also engaged in bombing and shelling Kabul, causing many civilians to be killed or injured. As of 28 April, an interim government under interim President Sibghatullah Mojaddedi , with interim minister of defense Ahmad Shah Massoud , claimed to be governing Afghanistan, as agreed in

504-632: A large number of rockets, Hekmatyar's forces would not have been able to target and destroy half of Kabul." The Taliban ('the students') have been described as a movement of religious students ( talib ) from the Pashtun areas of eastern and southern Afghanistan who had been educated in traditional Islamic schools in Pakistan . The movement was founded in September 1994, promising to "rid Afghanistan of warlords and criminals". Several analysts state that at least since October 1994, Pakistan and especially

588-590: A military parade that nearly killed Karzai, an August 2008 ambush near Kabul that left ten French soldiers dead, and an October 3, 2009 attack by 150 insurgents that overwhelmed a remote outpost in Nuristan Province, killing eight American soldiers and wounding 24. There have also been reports of clashes between members of the HIG and Taliban, and defection of HIG members to the Afghan government. Ten members of

672-577: A recommendation as to whether captives might represent an ongoing threat, or might continue to hold intelligence value, and therefore should continue to be held in US custody. Close to 10,000 pages of documents from the Combatant Status Review Tribunals and Administrative Review Board hearings were released after contested Freedom of Information Act requests. Dozens of captives faced allegations that they had been associated with

756-503: A significant battle during the war, training a variety of militant Islamists from around the world, killing significant numbers of mujahideen from other parties, and taking a virulently anti-Western line. In addition to hundreds of millions of dollars of American aid, Hekmatyar also received the lion's share of aid from the Saudis. In April 1992, Hezbi Islami (HIG) was involved in the outbreak of civil war in Afghanistan . The bombardment of

840-761: A split with Hekmatyar and established his own group, which became known as the Khalis faction , with its power base in Nangarhar . The remaining part of Hezb-e Islami, still headed by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, was since then also known as 'Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin' or HIG. During the Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989), Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin was well-financed by anti-Soviet forces, through the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin has also established contacts with

924-542: A week after Hekmatyar attempted to shoot down the plane of President Mujaddidi. Furthermore, as part of the peace talks Hekmatyar was demanding the departure of Dostum's forces, which would have tilted the scales in his favour. This led to fighting between Dostum and Hekmatyar. On 30 May 1992, during fighting between the forces of Dostum's Junbish-i Milli and Hekmatyar's Hizb-i Islami in the southeast of Kabul, both sides used artillery and rockets, killing and injuring an unknown number of civilians. In June 1992, as scheduled in

SECTION 10

#1732773028900

1008-799: The Harakat-i-Inqilab-i-Islami ('Islamic Revolution Movement'), became the Vice President of Afghanistan in the Mujahideen government. However, when the Mujahideen leaders opened their weapons at each other and the civil war in Afghanistan started, he resigned from his post and forbade the troops loyal to him from taking part in the war. He remained in Pakistan and tried his best to stop the war between Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Burhanuddin Rabbani and Abdul Rasul Sayyaf. In 1996,

1092-612: The Harakat-i-Islami , and Hezb-i Wahdat 's Akbari faction. Such alliances did not stop the advance and victories of the Taliban. On 27 September 1996, the Taliban, took control of Kabul and established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan . Jamiat-e Islami (‘Islamic Society’) was a political party of ethnic Tajiks , and included one of the strongest mujahideen militias in Afghanistan since 1979. Its military wing

1176-779: The Mohammad Najibullah regime in 1992, Sayyaf's organization's human rights record became noticeably worse, underlined by their involvement in the infamous massacres and rampages in the Hazara Kabul neighbourhood of Afshar in 1992–1993 during the Battle of Kabul . Sayyaf's faction was responsible for, "repeated human butchery", when his faction of Mujahideen turned on civilians and the Shia Hezb-i Wahdat group in west Kabul starting May 1992. Amnesty International reported that Sayyaf's forces rampaged through

1260-645: The Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). Junbish-i Milli and Jamiat-e Islami in June shelled areas south of Kabul, Ittehad-e Islami and Hezb-i Wahdat were fighting each other in west Kabul. At the end of June 1992, Burhanuddin Rabbani took over the interim Presidency from Mujaddidi, as provided in the Peshawar Accords – a paralyzed 'interim government' though, right from its proclamation in April 1992. In

1344-635: The Peshawar Accords , Burhanuddin Rabbani became interim president of Afghanistan. Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin The Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin ( Persian : حزب اسلامی گلبدین ; abbreviated HIG ), also referred to as Hezb-e-Islami or Hezb-i-Islami Afghanistan ( HIA ), is an Afghan political party and paramilitary organization, originally founded in 1976 as Hezb-e-Islami and led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar . In 1979, Mulavi Younas Khalis split with Hekmatyar and established his own group, which became known as Hezb-i Islami Khalis ;

1428-489: The Peshawar Accords . But soon, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and his Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin again infiltrated Kabul trying to take power. This forced other parties to advance on the capital as well. Already before 28 April, the Mujahideen forces that had fought against Russian troops with help from the US had taken command of Kabul and Afghanistan. Hekmatyar had asked other groups such as Harakat-Inqilab-i-Islami and

1512-477: The Republic of Afghanistan in April 1992. The Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin , led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and supported by Pakistan ’s Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), refused to form a coalition government and tried to seize Kabul with the help of Khalqists . On 25 April 1992 fighting broke out between three, and later five or six, mujahideen armies. Alliances between the combatants were transitory throughout

1596-648: The Russian Federation halted its support to it. On 16 April 1992 Afghan President Mohammad Najibullah stepped down and the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan was dissolved. Several mujahideen parties started negotiations to form a national coalition government. But one group, the Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar , presumably supported and directed by Pakistan 's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), did not join

1680-493: The Second Afghan Civil War , took place between 28 April 1992—the date a new interim Afghan government was supposed to replace the Republic of Afghanistan of President Mohammad Najibullah —and the Taliban 's occupation of Kabul establishing the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan on 27 September 1996. The war immediately followed the 1989–1992 civil war with the mujahideen victory and dissolution of

1764-625: The United States Supreme Court 's ruling in Rasul v. Bush required the institution of a review. The Supreme Court recommended the reviews be modeled after the Army Regulation 190-8 Tribunals that were ordinarily used to determine whether captives were innocent civilians who should be released, lawful combatants entitled to Prisoner of War status, or war criminals who could be tried, and who weren't protected by all

SECTION 20

#1732773028900

1848-589: The Afghan parliament and "claims not to take cues from Hekmatyar, though few believe it." In 2008 , the International Security Assistance Force estimated that the military component of Hezbi Islam was about 1,000 strong, including part-time fighters. As of 2009 , the non-violent faction of the Hezbi Islami was a registered political party in Afghanistan led by Abdul Hadi Arghandiwal . In early March 2010, elements of

1932-480: The Afghan president made it clear that Afghans should be in the driver's seat; hours before the meeting, Karzai said he personally held peace talks recently with the insurgent faction Hizb-i-Islami, appearing to assert his own role in a U.S.-led bid for negotiations to end the country's decade-long war. On 18 September 2012, Hezbi Islami claimed responsibility of a suicide attack in Kabul, carried out by an 18-year-old woman in which nine people were killed. They said it

2016-981: The Army. The unit grew its size in respond to the rise of the mujahideen insurgency. Those who served in the Sarandoy were paid 162 dollars a month, a wage which was higher than that of Deputy Minister of National Defence before the April 1978 Saur Revolution and some of them would prove effective fighters, although many were little more than thugs. Mark Urban wrote in 1988 that '...By 1985 there were 20 identified Sarandoy Operational Battalions and Mountain Battalions. They were attached to provincial Sarandoy commands and include[d] armoured vehicles and light artillery. The Kabul Security Command controlled two mobile regiments (the 1st and 2nd)... A further four Sarandoy brigades/regiments have been identified in Badakhshan (24th Sarandoy Brigade), Kandahar , Baghlan and Parwan . At

2100-724: The Australian National University, Amin Saikal , confirmed the Pakistani support in 1992 for Hekmatyar: "Pakistan was keen to gear up for a breakthrough in Central Asia ...Islamabad could not possibly expect the new Islamic government leaders ... to subordinate their own nationalist objectives in order to help Pakistan realize its regional ambitions. ... Had it not been for the ISI's logistic support and supply of

2184-608: The British intelligence services MI6 , which provide it with military training, equipment and “propaganda” support, and its leader, Hekmatyar, met with Margaret Thatcher at Downing Street in 1986. Since 1981 or 1985, Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin formed a part of the Peshawar Seven alliance of Sunni Mujaheddin forces fighting the Soviet invasion. From 1979 to 1981 the group was considered the most important resistance faction of

2268-502: The Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin group. In January 1994, Dostum 's Junbish-i Milli forces and Mazari's Hezb-i Wahdat joined sides with Hekmatyar 's Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin . Fighting this year also broke out in the northern town of Mazar-i-Sharif . In November 1994, the new Deobandi jihadist militia known as Taliban conquered Kandahar city and by January 1995 they controlled 12 Afghan provinces. In 1995,

2352-555: The Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin. Some of the documents just alleged that a captive was associated with Hezb-e-Islami, without explaining why this implied they were an "enemy combatant". Other documents did provide brief explanations as how an association with Hezb-e-Islami implied a captive was an "enemy combatant". Neither Hezb-e-Islami nor Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin are on the U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations and they never have been; but Gulbuddin

2436-827: The Hezb-i Wahdat and the Ittehad-e Islami engaged in violent street battles against each other. With the support of Saudi Arabia, Sayyaf's forces repeatedly attacked western suburbs of Kabul resulting in heavy civilian casualties. Likewise, Mazari's forces were also accused of attacking civilian targets in the west. Mazari acknowledged taking Pashtun civilians as prisoners, but defended the action by saying that Sayyaf's forces took Hazaras first. Mazari's group started cooperating with Hekmatyar's group from January 1993. The Junbish-i-Milli Islami Afghanistan ('National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan') militia of former communist and ethnic Uzbek general Abdul Rashid Dostum

2520-642: The Islamic State of Afghanistan and held some posts in the government. Soon, however, conflict broke out between the Hazara Hezb-i Wahdat of Mazari, the Wahabbi Pashtun Ittehad-e Islami of warlord Abdul Rasul Sayyaf supported by Saudi Arabia. The Islamic State's defense minister Ahmad Shah Massoud tried to mediate between the factions with some success, but the ceasefire remained only temporary. As of June 1992,

2604-653: The Khalis faction to join him while entering Kabul , but they declined his offer and instead backed the Peshawar Accords. Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin entered the city from the south and west but were quickly expelled. The forces of Jamiat-e Islami and Shura-e Nazar entered the city, with agreement from Nabi Azimi and the Commander of the Kabul Garrison, General Abdul Wahid Baba Jan that they would enter

Sarandoy - Misplaced Pages Continue

2688-479: The Northern Autonomous Zone. He printed his own Afghan currency, ran a small airline named Balkh Air , and formed relations with countries including Uzbekistan. While the rest of the country was in chaos, his region remained prosperous and functional, and it won him the support from people of all ethnic groups. Many people fled to his territory to escape the violence and fundamentalism imposed by

2772-690: The Nowruz New Year celebrations in Mazar-i-Sharif in Northern Afghanistan. He declared that, with their input, a coming national conference would lay the foundations for peace. He called on resistance forces to participate in a jirga , or assembly, planned for late April or early May. In late January 2012, America's special envoy to the region Marc Grossman talked peace and reconciliation with Hamid Karzai in Kabul , though

2856-641: The Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence were heavily supporting the Taliban. Amin Saikal stated: "Hekmatyar's failure to achieve what was expected of him [later] prompted the ISI leaders to come up with a new surrogate force [the Taliban]." Also a publication of the George Washington University stated: when Hekmatyar in 1994 had failed to "deliver for Pakistan", Pakistan turned towards a new force:

2940-655: The Peshawar groups. Because of Hekmatyar's character, the group's influence waned and its image tarnished by 1983 to other Afghan mujahideen. Hekmatyar and his party operated near the Pakistani border against Soviet Communists. Areas such as Kunar , Laghman , Jalalabad , and Paktia were Hezb-e Islami's strongholds. The party is highly centralized under Hekmatyar's command and until 1994 had close relations with Pakistan. Despite its ample funding, it has been described as having ...the dubious distinction of never winning

3024-452: The Sarandoy and the KHAD. In some instances, the Sarandoy's assets were mobilized against pro-Parcham factions. The Sarandoy were tasked to provide support for Soviet and Afghan forces during anti-guerrilla operations. They were also tasked to arrest any deserters and ensure conscription compliance. The unit was tasked to investigate and join in operations to arrest anyone deemed to enemies of

3108-644: The Sarandoy’s 7th Operative Regiment, only to fail and take massive casualties. Placed under the control of the Ministry of Interior Affairs , the Sarandoy was commanded by the Minister of Interior General Sayed Mohammad Gulabzoy , a former Afghan Air Force officer. At one point, the Sarandoy fielded some 115,000 men, compared to the Afghan Army 's 160,000, while at other times the Sarandoy were said to exceed

3192-506: The Taliban and the HIG were reportedly fighting in Baghlan province. Scores of Hizb-e-Islami militants, including 11 commanders and 68 fighters, defected on Sunday [7 March 2010] and joined the Afghan government as a clash between the group and the Taliban left 79 people dead, police said. On the celebration of Nowruz , New Year's Day, of 1389 (March 21, 2010, Western calendar) Harun Zarghun , chief spokesman for Hizb-i-Islami, said that

3276-502: The Taliban grew stronger, as analysts say with decisive support from Pakistan . This induced some other warring factions to form new alliances, starting with the Burhanuddin Rabbani 'interim government' and Hekmatyar with his Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin in early March. In July, a new government was formed by five factions: Rabbani's Jamiat-e Islami , the Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin , Abdul Rasul Sayyaf ’s Ittehad-e Islami ,

3360-436: The Taliban later on. In 1994, Dostum allied himself with Gulbuddin Hekmatyar against the government of Burhanuddin Rabbani and Ahmad Shah Massoud, but in 1995 sided with the government again. According to the U.S. Special Envoy to Afghanistan in 1989–1992, Peter Tomsen , Gulbuddin Hekmatyar was hired in 1990 by the Pakistani intelligence agency Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) planned to conquer and rule Afghanistan which

3444-489: The Taliban took control of Afghanistan. Most of the Taliban leaders were the students of Molvi Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi. Mohammadi, however, maintained a good relationship with the Taliban. The Shia Hazara Hizb-e Wahdat-e Islami Afghanistan ('Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan') of Abdul Ali Mazari was strongly supported by Shia Iran , according to Human Rights Watch , with Iran's Ministry of Intelligence and National Security officials providing direct orders. After

Sarandoy - Misplaced Pages Continue

3528-457: The Taliban, Pakistan's Interior Minister Naseerullah Babar (1993–96) would state in 1999, "we created the Taliban", and Pervez Musharraf , Pakistani President in 2001-2008 and Chief of Army Staff since 1998, wrote in 2006: "we sided" with the Taliban to "spell the defeat" of anti-Taliban forces. According to journalist and author Ahmed Rashid , between 1994 and 1999, an estimated 80,000 to 100,000 Pakistanis trained and fought in Afghanistan on

3612-564: The Taliban, "both out of ideological sympathy and for reason of tribal solidarity." In Pakistan, Hezb-e-Islami training camps "were taken over by the Taliban and handed over" to Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (JUI) groups such as the Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (SSP). The Columbia World Dictionary of Islamism reports that, having lost Saudi support when it endorsed Saddam Hussein in 1990 and lost Pakistani support after 1994, "the remainder of Hizb-i Islami merged into al-Qaeda and

3696-1024: The Taliban. Ahmad Shah Massoud, involved in the political and military turmoil of Afghanistan since 1973 and therefore not an impartial observer, in early September 1996 described the Taliban as the centre of a wider movement in Afghanistan of armed Islamic radicalism: a coalition of wealthy sheikhs (like Osama bin Laden ) and preachers from the Persian Gulf advocating the Saudi's puritanical outlook on Islam which Massoud considered abhorrent to Afghans but also bringing and distributing money and supplies; Pakistani and Arab intelligence agencies; impoverished young students from Pakistani religious schools chartered as volunteer fighters notably for this group called Taliban; and exiled Central Asian Islamic radicals trying to establish bases in Afghanistan for their revolutionary movements. Although Pakistan initially denied supporting

3780-490: The Taliban." The Jamestown Foundation describes it having been "sidelined from Afghan politics" for a decade or so after the Taliban takeover of Kabul. Hekmatyar opposed the 2001 American intervention in Afghanistan, and since then has aligned his group (Hezb-e-Islami) with remnants of the Taliban and al-Qaeda against the current Afghan government. Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin was not the U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations from 2001 to 2006. However, it

3864-2689: The USSR. 12,000 of these Sarandoy personnel were trained at MVD facilities in the Soviet Union between 1978 and 1986, many of them being junior commanders and NCOs ( non-commissioned officers ). 2,500 of these Sarandoy personnel would be trained in Tashkent , the capital of Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic for past excellence in combat. Afghan Civil War (1992%E2%80%931996) [REDACTED]   Islamic State of Afghanistan [REDACTED] Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (until late 1994) [REDACTED] Khalq (pro Gulbuddin factions, until late 1994) Supported by: [REDACTED]   Pakistan [REDACTED] Hezb-i Wahdat (after Dec. 1992) Supported by: [REDACTED]   Iran [REDACTED] Junbish-i Milli (Jan. 1994-Aug. 1994) Supported by: [REDACTED]   Uzbekistan Regional Kandahar Militia Leaders [REDACTED] Afghan Army and Airforce Remnants (allegedly, until October 1992) [REDACTED]   Taliban (from late 1994) [REDACTED] Burhanuddin Rabbani [REDACTED] Ahmad Shah Massoud [REDACTED] Naqib Alikozai [REDACTED] Ismail Khan [REDACTED] Mulavi Younas Khalis [REDACTED] Abdul Haq [REDACTED] Haji Abdul Qadeer [REDACTED] Jalaluddin Haqqani [REDACTED] Abdul Rasul Sayyaf [REDACTED] Mohammad Nabi [REDACTED] Sibghatullah Mojaddedi [REDACTED] Ahmed Gailani [REDACTED] Abdul Rahim Wardak [REDACTED] Muhammad Asif Muhsini [REDACTED] Hussain Anwari [REDACTED] Abdul Ali Mazari [REDACTED] Sayyid Ali Beheshti [REDACTED] Karim Khalili [REDACTED] Abdul Rashid Dostum [REDACTED] Gulbuddin Hekmatyar [REDACTED] Abdul Jabar Qahraman (until 1993) [REDACTED] Mohammad Aslam Watanjar (until 1992) [REDACTED] Abdul Ali Mazari [REDACTED] Sayyid Ali Beheshti [REDACTED] Karim Khalili [REDACTED] Shafi Hazara [REDACTED] Abdul Rashid Dostum Gul Agha Sherzai [REDACTED] Mullah Omar [REDACTED] Osama bin Laden [REDACTED] Ayman al-Zawahiri [REDACTED] Shahnawaz Tanai (alleged by northern alliance, denied by Tanai) The 1992–1996 Afghan Civil War , also known as

3948-595: The beginning of 1986, operational control of some units passed to the new unified Ministry of State Security. A number of previously Sarandoy units were eventually upgraded to Afghan Army formations, as part of the regularization of the militia. While the Sarandoy were reported to be effective in fighting the mujahideen, Soviet military personnel reported concerns that they're likely to be infiltrated by mujahideen groups. In turn, this forces them to limit sharing whatever information they have to Sarandoy officers. Some prospective Sarandoy personnel were chosen to be trained in

4032-412: The capital Kabul by Hezb-i-Islami Afghanistan (HIA) in 1994 is reported to have "resulted in the deaths of more than 25,000 civilians." Frustrated by that continued destructive warlord feuding in Afghanistan, the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) abandoned HIG for the Taliban in 1994. After HIG was expelled from Kabul by the Taliban in September 1996, many of its local commanders joined

4116-471: The city through Bagram, Panjshir , Salang and Kabul Airport. Many government forces, including generals, joined Jamiat-e Islami, including the forces of General Baba Jan, who was at the time in charge of the garrison of Kabul. On 27 April, all other major parties such as Junbish-i Milli, Hezb-i Wahdat, Ittehad-e Islami and Harakat had entered the city as well. After suffering heavy casualties, Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin forces deserted their positions and fled to

4200-620: The civil war in Afghanistan raged between at least four parties: the Burhanuddin Rabbani 'interim government' with Ahmad Shah Massoud and his Jamiat-e Islami forces; the Taliban ; Abdul Rashid Dostum with his Junbish-e Melli-ye Islami forces; and the Hezb-i Wahdat . The Taliban captured Ghazni (south of Kabul) and Maidan Wardak Province (west of Kabul) and in February approached Kabul. The Taliban then continued shelling Kabul and attacking Massoud's forces in Kabul. In 1996,

4284-629: The establishment of the Islamic State of Afghanistan on 28 April 1992 with Sibghatullah Mojaddedi as acting President, but this never attained real authority over Afghanistan. Fighting and rivalry over Kabul had started on 25 April 1992, involving six armies: Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin , Jamiat-e Islami , Harakat-i-Inqilab-i-Islami , Ittehad-e Islami , Hezb-i Wahdat and Junbish-i Milli . Mujahideen warlord Gulbuddin Hekmatyar ( Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin ), after talks with mujahideen leader Ahmad Shah Massoud ( Jamiat-e Islami ) on 25 May 1992,

SECTION 50

#1732773028900

4368-441: The fall of Kabul, the Afghan political parties agreed on a peace and power-sharing agreement, the Peshawar Accords. The Peshawar Accords created the Islamic State of Afghanistan and appointed an interim government for a transitional period to be followed by general elections. According to Human Rights Watch: The sovereignty of Afghanistan was vested formally in the Islamic State of Afghanistan, an entity created in April 1992, after

4452-507: The fall of the Soviet-backed Najibullah government. ... With the exception of Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hezb-e Islami, all of the parties... were ostensibly unified under this government in April 1992. ... Hekmatyar's Hezbe Islami, for its part, refused to recognize the government for most of the period discussed in this report and launched attacks against government forces but the shells and rockets fell everywhere in Kabul resulting in many civilian casualties. The Hezb-i Wahdat initially took part in

4536-451: The first four months. Overall, the Afghan Civil War of 1992–1996 was a period of intense conflict and suffering for the people of Afghanistan. The collapse of the Soviet-backed government, ethnic and religious divisions, and external involvement all contributed to the conflict. The legacy of this period of Afghan history continues to shape the country's politics and society today. The Republic of Afghanistan quickly collapsed in 1992 after

4620-497: The government. From 1985, the Sarandoy were tasked to protect economic assets such as oil fields and gas pipelines. When the Soviets started to leave Afghanistan, they were used to provide security during humanitarian missions and were seen speaking to locals about the purpose of these missions. A Russian source mentioned that Sarandoy personnel moonlighted as bodyguards under orders from Gulabzoy. Additionally, Osama Bin Laden personally led Arab Mujahideen fighters to fight against

4704-438: The group and support for the removal of United Nations and American sanctions against Hekmatyar, who was also promised an honorary post in the government. The agreement was formalised on 29 September with both Afghan President Ashraf Ghani and Hekmatyar who appeared via a video link into the presidential palace, signing the agreement. The Afghan government formally requested UN in December 2016 for removal of sanctions against

4788-666: The group's "senior leadership" met in May 2004 with President Hamid Karzai and "publicly announced their rejection of Hezb-e-Islami's alliance with al-Qaeda and the Taliban." Prior to Afghanistan's 2004 elections, 150 members of the Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin party were said to have defected to Hamid Karzai 's administration. Jamestown Foundation reported in 2004 that, according to Deputy Speaker of Parliament Sardar Rahmanoglu, HIA members "occupy around 30 to 40 percent of government offices, from cabinet ministers to provisional and other government posts." According to journalist Michael Crowley, as of 2010, HIG's political arm holds 19 of 246 seats in

4872-435: The group's leaders. The sanctions against Hekmatyar were lifted by the UN on 3 February 2017. On June 14, 2018, 180 individuals tied to Hezbi Islami were released from prison. Peace negotiator Ghairat Baheer addressed the men, on their release, telling them the party expected them to be peaceful, law-abiding citizens. Tolo News reported that this was the fourth release of individuals tied to Hezbi Islami, and it brought

4956-629: The head of the Isma'ili community, and together they captured the capital city. He and Massoud fought in a coalition against Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. Massoud and Dostum's forces joined together to defend Kabul against Hekmatyar. Some 4000-5000 of his troops, units of his Sheberghan -based 53rd Division and Balkh -based Guards Division, garrisoning Bala Hissar fort, Maranjan Hill, and Khwaja Rawash Airport , where they stopped Najibullah from entering to flee. Dostum then left Kabul for his northern stronghold Mazar-i-Sharif , where he ruled, in effect, an independent region (or ' proto-state '), often referred as

5040-449: The inmates, including many criminals, who were able to take arms and commit gruesome crimes against the population. With a government structure yet to be established, chaos broke out in Kabul. The immediate objective of the interim government was to defeat the forces acting against the Peshawar Accord. A renewed attempt at peace talks on 25 May 1992 again agreed to give Hekmatyar the position of prime minister, however, this lasted less than

5124-401: The mainly Shi'ite Tajik ( Qizilbash ) Afshar neighborhood of Kabul, slaughtering and raping inhabitants and burning homes. Sayyaf, who was allied with the de jure Kabul government of Burhanuddin Rabbani , did not deny the abductions of Hazara civilians, but merely accused the Hezb-i Wahdat militia of being an agent of the theocratic Iranian government. Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi , leader of

SECTION 60

#1732773028900

5208-407: The militant group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in the fight against the Taliban. Reuters quoted a spokesman for Hizb-i-Islami as denying this, and calling the earlier reports a fake. In August 2010, Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin was possibly responsible for the 2010 Badakhshan massacre . Although a rocket attack reported to have happened in 2007, killing all on board and destroying

5292-406: The negotiations and announced to conquer Kabul alone. Hekmatyar moved his troops to Kabul, and was allowed into the town soon after 17 April. The other mujahideen groups also entered Kabul, on 24 April, to prevent Hekmatyar from taking over the city and the country. This ignited a civil war between five or six rival armies, most of them backed by foreign states. Several Mujahideen groups proclaimed

5376-438: The outskirts of Kabul in the direction of Logar province . The Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin had been driven out of Kabul, but were still within artillery range. In May 1992 Hekmatyar started a bombardment campaign against the capital, firing thousands of rockets supplied by Pakistan . In addition to the bombardment campaign, Hekmatyar's forces had overrun Pul-e-Charkhi prison while still in the centre of Kabul, and had set free all

5460-622: The provisions of the Geneva Conventions . The Department of Defense set up the Office for the Administrative Review of Detained Enemy Combatants (OARDEC). OARDEC administered an initial Combatant Status Review Tribunal for the 558 Guantanamo captives who were still in the detention camp as of August 2004. Unlike the AR 190-8 Tribunals, the Combatant Status Review Tribunals were not authorized to determine whether captives were entitled to POW status, only whether they were " enemy combatants . OARDEC also administered annual Administrative Review Board hearings. The Boards were only authorized to make

5544-416: The remaining part of Hezb-e Islami, still headed by Hekmatyar, became known as Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin. Hezbi Islami seeks to emulate the Muslim Brotherhood and to replace the various tribal factions of Afghanistan with one unified Islamic state. This puts them at odds with the more tribe-oriented Taliban (which is predominantly Pashtun). During the Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989), Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin

5628-420: The rest of 1992, hundreds of rockets hit Kabul, thousands, mostly civilians, were killed, half a million people fled the city. In 1993, the rivalling militia factions continued their fights over Kabul, several cease-fires and peace accords failed. According to Human Rights Watch , in the period 1992–95, five different mujahideen armies contributed to heavily damaging Kabul, though other analysts blame especially

5712-708: The side of the Taliban. In 1992–93, Kabul , the factions of Hezb-i Wahdat, Ittehad-e Islami, Jamiat-e Islami and Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin, would regularly target civilians with attacks, intentionally fire rockets into occupied civilian homes, or random civilian areas. In January–June 1994, 25,000 people died in Kabul due to fighting, with targeted attacks on civilian areas, between an alliance of Dostum's (Junbish-i Milli) with Hekmatyar's (Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin) against Massoud's (Jamiat-e Islami) forces. In 1993–95, leaders of Jamiat-e Islami, Junbish-i Milli, Hezb-i Wahdat and Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin, could not stop their commanders from committing murder , rape and extortion . Even

5796-419: The total number of released men to 500. Dozens of inmates at the United States prison at Guantanamo Bay faced allegations that they had been associated with the Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin. Originally the Bush Presidency asserted it was not obliged to let any captives apprehended in Afghanistan know why they were being held, or to provide a venue where they could challenge the allegations against them. However,

5880-491: The various warlords in north Afghanistan descended to such horridness. In 1992–95, Kabul was heavily bombarded and damaged. Some analysts emphasize the role of Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin in "targeting and destroying half of Kabul" or in heavy bombardments especially in 1992. But Human Rights Watch in two reports stated that nearly all armies participating in the 1992–95 period of war contributed to "destroying at least one-third of Kabul, killing thousands of civilians, driving

5964-430: The vehicle, fit the characteristics of the mentioned North Korean rocket, the report remains unverified. No such Dr. Amin has surfaced of late. On 22 September 2016, the government of Afghanistan signed a draft peace deal with Hezb-i-Islami. According to the draft agreement, Hezb-i-Islami agreed to cease hostilities, cut ties to extremist groups and respect the Afghan Constitution, in exchange for government recognition of

6048-432: The war. The Taliban , a new militia formed with support from Pakistan and ISI, became dominant in 1995-96. It captured Kandahar in late-1994, Herat in 1995, Jalalabad in early-September 1996, and Kabul by late-September 1996. The Taliban fought the newly-formed Northern Alliance in the subsequent 1996-2001 civil war . Kabul's population fell from two million to 500,000 during the 1992–1996 war; 500,000 fled during

6132-646: Was "sometimes estimated to number in the thousands". The group signed a peace deal with the Ghani administration in 2016. Following the collapse of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan , on 17 August 2021, Hekmatyar met with both Karzai, former President of Afghanistan , and Abdullah Abdullah , Chairman of the High Council for National Reconciliation and former Chief Executive , in Doha seeking to form

6216-802: Was an Afghan political movement under Mohammad Yunus Khalis , who separated from Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hezb-e Islami and formed his own resistance group in 1979. After the fall of the Communist regime in 1992, Khalis participated in the Islamic Interim Government. He was a member of the Leadership Council (Shura-ye Qiyaadi), but held no other official post. Instead of moving to Kabul, he chose to remain in Nangarhar . His party controlled major parts of this politically and strategically important province. The Taliban brought Nangarhar under their control in September 1996 and Khalis

6300-513: Was backed by Uzbekistan . Uzbek President Islam Karimov was keen to see Dostum controlling as much of Afghanistan as possible, especially in the north along the Uzbek border. Dostum's men would become an important force in the fall of Kabul in 1992. In April 1992, the opposition forces began their march to Kabul against the government of Najibullah. Dostum had allied himself with the opposition commanders Ahmad Shah Massoud and Sayed Jafar Naderi ,

6384-586: Was commanded by Ahmad Shah Massoud . During the Soviet–Afghan War, his role as a powerful mujahideen insurgent leader earned him the nickname of "Lion of Panjshir" ( شیر پنجشیر ) among his followers as he successfully resisted the Soviets from taking Panjshir Valley. In 1992 he signed the Peshawar Accord , a peace and power-sharing agreement, in the post-communist Islamic State of Afghanistan , and

6468-575: Was delayed until 1992 as a result of US pressure to cancel it. In April 1992, according to self-made Afghan historian Nojumi, the Inter-Services Intelligence helped Hekmatyar by sending hundreds of trucks loaded with weapons and fighters to the southern part of Kabul. In June 1992, Hekmatyar with his Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin ('Islamic party') troops started shelling Kabul. The Director of the Centre for Arab and Islamic Studies at

6552-668: Was disbanded by 1992 after the collapse of the DRA and start of the Afghan Civil War (1992-1996) due to mass cases of desertion. The Sarandoy was subjected to internal politics of the ruling PDPA , as its forces were controlled by the Khalq faction, opposed to the Parcham faction which controlled the KhAD intelligence service. Accordingly, armed clashes occurred on occasion between

6636-432: Was in retaliation for the film Innocence of Muslims . All victims were themselves Muslim. On 16 May 2013, Hezbi Islami claimed responsibility for another attack in Kabul in the form of an explosive-loaded Toyota Corolla that was rammed into a pair of American military vehicles in which 16 people were killed. In July 2015, Afghan media outlets reported that Hekmatyar had called on followers of Hezb-e Islami to support

6720-594: Was offered the position of prime minister in President Mujaddidi 's – paralyzed – 'interim government'. But this agreement shattered already on 29 May when Mujaddidi accused Hekmatyar of having rockets fired at his plane returning from Islamabad . By 30 May 1992, Jamiat-e Islami and Junbish-i Milli mujahideen forces were fighting against Hekmatyar's Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin again in southern Kabul. In May or early June, Hekmatyar started shelling all around Kabul, presumably with substantial support from

6804-458: Was on the additional 2007 list called "Groups of Concern". Radio Free Europe reports that "in 2006, Hekmatyar appeared in a video aired on the Arabic language Al-Jazeera television station and declared he wanted his forces to fight alongside Al-Qaeda." According to Le Monde newspaper, as of 2007, the group was active around Mazari Sharif and Jalalabad . HIG took credit for a 2008 attack on

6888-483: Was so appointed as the Minister of Defense as well as the government's main military commander. His militia fought to defend the capital Kabul against militias led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and other warlords who were bombing the city —and eventually the Taliban , who started to lay siege to the capital in January 1995 after the city had seen fierce fighting with at least 60,000 civilians killed. Hezb-e Islami Khalis

6972-467: Was supportive of the Taliban movement and had a close relationship with its commanders. The Sunni Pashtun Ittehad-e Islami bara-ye Azadi-ye Afghanistan ('Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan') of Abdul Rasul Sayyaf was supported by Sunni Wahabbi Saudi Arabia , to maximize Wahhabi influence. After the forced withdrawal of the demoralised Soviet forces in 1989, and the overthrow of

7056-427: Was well-financed by anti-Soviet forces through the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). In the mid-1990s, the HIG was "sidelined from Afghan politics" by the rise of the Taliban. In the post-2001 war in Afghanistan , HIG "reemerged as an aggressive militant group, claiming responsibility for many bloody attacks against Coalition forces and the administration of President Hamid Karzai ". Its fighting strength

#899100