Vajiralongkorn (Rama X)
21-593: Saraburi City ( thesaban mueang ) is the provincial capital of Saraburi Province in central Thailand . In 2020, it had a population of 60,809 people, and covers the complete tambon Pak Phriao of the Mueang Saraburi district . Saraburi sits on the banks of the Pa Sak River , around 60 km upstream from the confluence with the Chao Phraya River and around 60 km downstream from
42-629: A population of at least 5,000 with a minimum density of 1,500 per km , plus the approval of the population within that area. Many of today's thesaban municipalities were originally sukhaphiban tambon , sanitation districts, the number of which had grown to 35 in 1935, when these were converted into municipalities. New sanitary districts were again established starting in 1952. With the Act to Upgrade Sanitary Districts to Thesaban of May 1999 all were converted in May 1999, though many of them did not actually meet
63-402: Is transcribed as "luksuea", not "luk suea", and "โชคชัย จิตงาม", the first and last names of a person, is transcribed as "Chokchai Chitngam", not "Chok Chai Chit Ngam". For consonants, the transcriptions are given for both initial and final position in the syllable. For vowels, a dash ("–") indicates the relative position of the vowel's initial consonant. There have been four versions of
84-575: Is used to avoid ambiguity in syllable separation before a succeeding syllable that starts with a vowel and before ⟨ng⟩ if the preceding syllable ends with a vowel. Transcribed words are written with spaces between them although there are no spaces in Thai. For example, "สถาบันไทยคดีศึกษา" Institute of Thai Studies is transcribed as "Sathaban Thai Khadi Sueksa". However, compounds and names of persons are written without spaces between words. For example, "ลูกเสือ" (from "ลูก" + "เสือ", scout )
105-485: The Pasak Chonlasit Dam . The city is around 100 km northeast of Bangkok , 40 km northeast of Phra Nakhon Sri Ayutthaya , and 50 km west of Khao Yai National Park . Saraburi was founded in 1549 as a base for troop recruitment by King Maha Chakkraphat due to the threat of the growing Burmese Toungoo Dynasty . In 1624, Wat Phra Phutthabat was built by King Songtham of Ayutthaya on
126-661: The Sukhaphiban ( สุขาภิบาล ) sanitary districts first created in Bangkok by a royal decree of King Chulalongkorn in 1897. The thesaban system was established in the Thesaban Organization Act of 1934 ( Thai : พระราชบัญญัติจัดระเบียบเทศบาล พุทธศักราช ๒๔๗๖ ), and has been updated several times since, starting with the Thesaban Act of 1939 ( Thai : พระราชบัญญัติเทศบาล พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘๑ ), which
147-621: The RTGS, those promulgated in 1932, 1939, 1968 and 1999. The general system was issued by the Ministry of Public Instruction in 1932, and subsequent issues have been issued by the Royal Institute of Thailand. The general system was set up by a committee of the Ministry of Public Instruction on the following principles: The committee considered that for the general system, tone and quantity marks were unneeded. They would be provided for
168-1695: The city. The royal decree established the Saraburi Municipality on 10 December 1835 with an area of 5 square kilometers. Since 2005, the population of Saraburi has been fluctuating up and down, however, the city's population in 2005 is greater than what it is as of 2020. 14°31′43″N 100°54′41″E / 14.52861°N 100.91139°E / 14.52861; 100.91139 Thesaban mueang Dipangkorn Rasmijoti Paetongtarn Shinawatra ( PTP ) Phumtham Wechayachai ( PTP ) Suriya Juangroongruangkit ( PTP ) Anutin Charnvirakul ( BTP ) Pirapan Salirathavibhaga ( UTN ) Pichai Chunhavajira ( PTP ) Prasert Jantararuangtong ( PTP ) Wan Muhamad Noor Matha ( PCC ) Mongkol Surasajja [REDACTED] Wan Muhamad Noor Matha ( PCC ) Pichet Chuamuangphan ( PTP ) Paradorn Prissanananthakul ( BTP ) Natthaphong Ruengpanyawut ( PP ) [REDACTED] Mongkol Surasajja Kriangkrai Srirak Bunsong Noisophon President: Chanakarn Theeravechpolkul President: Prasitsak Meelarp President: Nakarin Mektrairat Diplomatic missions of / in Thailand Passport Visa requirements Visa policy Borders : Cambodia Laos Malaysia Myanmar (Maritime : India Indonesia Vietnam) Foreign aid Thesaban ( Thai : เทศบาล , RTGS : thetsaban , pronounced [tʰêːt.sā.bāːn] ) are
189-574: The criteria above. Royal Thai General System of Transcription The Royal Thai General System of Transcription ( RTGS ) is the official system for rendering Thai words in the Latin alphabet . It was published by the Royal Institute of Thailand in early 1917, when Thailand was called Siam . It is used in road signs and government publications and is the closest method to a standard of transcription for Thai, but its use, even by
210-405: The distinction between the transcriptions of the pairs อึ /ɯ/ and อุ /u/ and เอือ /ɯa/ and อัว /ua/ . It also simplified the transliteration of final ว /w/ , which now is always transcribed <o>. The following variants have been allowed: The system does not transcribe all features of Thai phonology . Particularly it has the following shortcomings: The original design envisioned
231-444: The government, is inconsistent. The system is almost identical to the one that is defined by ISO 11940-2 . Prominent features of the system are: Final consonants are transcribed according to pronunciation, not Thai orthography . Vowels are transcribed in the position in the word where they are pronounced, not as in Thai orthography. Implied vowels, which are not written in Thai orthography, are transcribed as pronounced. A hyphen
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#1732783559515252-403: The lowest level municipal unit, is usually translated as "sub-district municipality". Despite the name, it may not necessarily cover the same area as a sub-district ( tambon ); i.e., it may not cover a tambon completely, or conversely, it may extend over parts of more than one tambon . For an area to qualify as a thesaban tambon , it must have a gross income of at least 5 million baht and
273-436: The municipalities of Thailand . There are three levels of municipalities: city, town, and sub-district. Bangkok and Pattaya are special municipal entities not included in the thesaban system. The municipalities assume some of the responsibilities which are assigned to the districts ( amphoe ) or subdistricts ( tambon ) for non-municipal (rural) areas. Historically, this devolution of central government powers grew out of
294-567: The precise system. The marks are accents above the vowels, one reason that the vowel symbols used to have no marks above them. The 1939 issue allowed short vowels to be marked with a breve (˘) where expedient. By contrast, the ALA-LC transliteration uses the 1939 version with the addition of a macron (¯) for long vowels and a spiritus asper (ʽ) to transliterate อ /ʔ/ as a consonant. The changes in vowel notation copied existing usage (æ, œ) and IPA notation (æ, ǫ). The precise system
315-432: The south. Thesaban mueang ( Thai : เทศบาลเมือง , RTGS : thetsaban mueang , pronounced [tʰêːt.sā.bāːn mɯ̄a̯ŋ] ) is translated as "town municipality". For a municipality to qualify as a town, it either needs to be a provincial capital, or have a population of at least 10,000 and sufficient income to cover the tasks of a town. When first organized in 1934, minimum qualification for town status
336-487: The tasks of a city. When first organized in 1934, the minimum qualifications for city status were a population of 30,000 with a density of 1,000 per km . In 1939 the required population density was increased to 2,000 per km , along with the addition of a financial requirement. In 1953 the population density requirement was again raised, to 3,000 per km , before being removed entirely in 2000. For 22 years, from 1972 to 1994, as well as between March and November 1936, there
357-497: Was a population of 3,000 with a density of 1,000 per km . In 1939 requirements were increased to a population of 5,000 with a density of 2,000 per km , plus a financial criterion. In 1953, the minimum population requirements was raised to the present value; the population density was also raised, to 3,000 per km , before being removed entirely in 2000. Thesaban tambon ( Thai : เทศบาลตำบล , RTGS : thetsaban tambon , pronounced [tʰêːt.sā.bāːn tām.bōn] ),
378-404: Was issued along with the general system in 1939. A transliteration in the precise system could be converted to the general system by doing the following: The last set of changes removes a graphic distinction between vowels in closed syllables and vowels in open syllables. The h is added to č in the general system to make it easier to read. When the diacritic was subsequently removed, the h
399-493: Was justified as avoiding the misreading of the transliteration as /k/ or /s/ rather than the correct /tɕ/ . The 1968 version removed diacritics, including the horn of ư and replaced the ligatures æ and œ by ae and oe . While that is more suitable as the standard transliteration for maps, it removed the contrast between the transcriptions of จ /tɕ/ and ช /tɕʰ/ , อึ /ɯ/ and อุ /u/ , เอือ /ɯa/ and อัว /ua/ , and โอ /oː/ and ออ /ɔː/ . The 1999 version restored
420-459: Was only one city municipality in Thailand, which is Chiang Mai , as in 1972 Bangkok had been changed from city municipality, to special governed district. Until 1972 there were three city municipalities: Chiang Mai , Phra Nakhon (now Bangkok), and Thonburi (now part of Bangkok). In 1994, Nakhon Si Thammarat town municipality became the second city municipality of Thailand, and the first in
441-422: Was replaced by the Thesaban Act of 1953. The 1953 act was most recently amended by the Thesaban Act (No. 12) of 2003. Thesaban nakhon ( Thai : เทศบาลนคร , RTGS : thetsaban nakhon , pronounced [tʰêːt.sā.bāːn ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn] ) is translated as "city municipality". To qualify for city status a municipality needs to have a population of at least 50,000 and sufficient income to carry out
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