Misplaced Pages

#557442

28-515: [REDACTED] Look up sarda in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Sarda may refer to : Places and jurisdictions [ edit ] Sarda (Albanian Sardë) , a ruined ancient town, on Shurdhah Island in northern Albania. The former Diocese of Sarda , now a Latin Catholic titular see Sarda river , a river which forms part of

56-591: A Spanish actress and comedian Fiction [ edit ] Sarda the Sage , a character from the NES Final Fantasy , appearing in the webcomic 8-Bit Theater a Vulcan in the Dreadnought! Star Trek: The Original Series novel Things pertaining and names referring to Sardinia [ edit ] Sarda (cattle) , a breed of small cattle Sarda (goat) , a goat breed Sarda (fish) ,

84-504: A statement of their collective identity and derived their material cultural references from the Justinianic military system. In this context, they may have used burial customs as a means of reference to an "idealized image of the past Roman power". Winnifrith (2020) recently described this population as the survival of a "Latin-Illyrian" culture which emerged later in historical records as Albanians and Vlachs. In Winnifrith's narrative,

112-449: A wall encircling the entire hill it was built on. Encircled on three sides by the Drin river, Sarda had 12 defensive towers of various forms. Sarda seems to have been a modest settlement from its foundation to the 9th century when it saw rapid expansion. From the 9th to the 12th century Sarda developed continuously. Two rings of walls were built and fourteen churches were constructed within

140-487: Is Koman and its fort on the nearby Dalmace hill in the Drin river valley. Kruja and Lezha represent significant sites of the culture. The population of Komani-Kruja represents a local, western Balkan people which was linked to the Roman Justinianic military system of forts. The development of Komani-Kruja is significant for the study of the transition between the classical antiquity population of Albania to

168-590: Is an archaeological culture attested from late antiquity to the Middle Ages in central and northern Albania , southern Montenegro and similar sites in the western parts of North Macedonia . It consists of settlements usually built below hillforts along the Lezhë ( Praevalitana )- Dardania and Via Egnatia road networks which connected the Adriatic coastline with the central Balkan Roman provinces. Its type site

196-518: Is corroborated by the absence of Slavic toponyms and survival of Latin ones in the Komani-Kruja area. In terms of historiography, the thesis of older Albanian archaeology was an untestable hypothesis as no historical sources exist which can link Komani-Kruja to the first definite attestation of medieval Albanians in the 11th century. Archaeologically, while it was considered possible and even likely that Komani-Kruja sites were used continuously from

224-555: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Shurdhah Island Sarda was founded between the 6th and 7th centuries and is linked to the development of the Komani-Kruja culture in northern Albania. The town was strategically located on the old road from the Adriatic Sea to Dardania and served as a resting point along the trade route. The settlement originally had

252-517: Is the case of other areas like Lezha and Sarda. During the 7th century as Byzantine authority was reestablished after the Avar-Slavic raids and the prosperity of the settlements increased, Komani saw increase in population and a new elite began to take shape. Increase in population and wealth was marked by the establishment of new settlements and new churches in their vicinity. Komani formed a local network with Lezha and Kruja and in turn this network

280-521: The 7th century onwards, it remained an untested hypothesis as research was still limited. Whether this population represented local continuity or arrived at an earlier period from a more northern location as the Slavs entered the Balkans remained unclear at the time but regardless of their ultimate geographical origins, these groups maintained Justinianic era cultural traditions of the 6th century possibly as

308-458: The Middle Ages (13th-14th centuries). It indicates that Komani was a late Roman fort and an important trading node in the networks of Praevalitana and Dardania. Participation in trade networks of the eastern Mediterranean via sea routes seems to have been very limited even in nearby coastal territory in this era. In the Avar-Slavic raids, communities from present-day northern Albania and nearby areas clustered around hill sites for better protection as

SECTION 10

#1732772415558

336-570: The areas around local forts include Kruja, Lezha, Dalmace, Sarda. Cemeteries range from Lake Shkodër to Lake Ohrid (northwest to southeast) and from the hinterland of Durrës to the Drin river valley (southwest to northeast). The earliest discoveries around the Koman culture were made in 1898, around the graveyard of the Dalmaca castle , near Koman. Part of the artifacts found are in bronze and iron,

364-638: The bonitos, a fish genus Sarda (pig) , a breed of domestic pig Sarda (sheep) , a breed of domestic sheep Testudo marginata sarda , the Sardinian marginated tortoise, a reptile subspecies Classica Sarda Olbia-Pantogia , a road bicycle race held in Sardinia L'Unione Sarda , an Italian local daily newspaper, based in Cagliari, Italy Vendetta... sarda , a 1951 comedy film directed by Mario Mattoli Other [ edit ] Sarda Act ,

392-400: The border between India and Nepal People [ edit ] Andrés Sardá Sacristán (1929–2019), a Spanish fashion designer Felix Sardà y Salvany (1844–1916), a Spanish Catholic priest Har Bilas Sarda (1867–1955), an Indian academic, judge and politician Javier Sardà (born 1958), a Spanish journalist and TV presenter of Crónicas marcianas Rosa Maria Sardà (1941-2020),

420-550: The colonial Child Marriage Restraint Act, enacted in British India in 1929 Andrés Sardá , a Catalan Spanish lingerie brand USS  Sarda  (SS-488) , a 1945 United States Navy Tench-class submarine a famous Marwari Maheshwari industrial house in Shekhawati , a semi-arid historical region located in the northeast part of Rajasthan, India Galia melon , a fruit also known as sarda Topics referred to by

448-606: The continuity of pre-Roman Illyrian forms in the production of several types of local objects found in graves, the population of Komani-Kruja was framed as a group which descended from the local Illyrians who "re-asserted their independence" from the Roman Empire after many centuries and formed the core of the later historical region of Arbanon . As research focused almost entirely on grave contexts and burial sites, settlements and living spaces were often ignored. Yugoslav archaeology proposed an opposite narrative and tried to frame

476-480: The eighteenth century. In 1933 the diocese was restored as Titular bishopric of Sarda. The title has been held by: One can visit the ruins of the 11th-century medieval castle, which includes two rings of defensive walls and towers (some sadly submerged in the lake), the remains of a Byzantine church and other early medieval walls. The setting on the steep rocks rising from the lake is especially impressive. Komani-Kruja culture The Komani-Kruja culture

504-485: The first survey of Komani's topography was produced in 2014. Until then, except for the area of the cemetery the size of the settlement and its extension remained unknown. In 2014, it was revealed that Komani occupied an area of more than 40 ha, a much larger territory than originally thought. Its oldest settlement phase dates to the Hellenistic era. Proper development began in the late antiquity and continued well into

532-682: The geographical conditions of northern Albania favored the continuation of the Albanian language in hilly and mountainous areas as opposed to lowland valleys. A ring found among the artifacts, had an inscription, which according to the Austrian Albanologist Ippen , as well as German linguist Krahe , was in Illyrian language , however Albanian archaeologist Hasan Ceka, and the Bulgarian archaeologist L. Ognenova proved that

560-534: The inscription (KEBOH HANA English: God, please help Anna ) was a prayer, in a formula that can be found in Medieval Greek . In addition, the ring was dated to a later century than several other artifacts (11th century, rather than 7th-9th centuries). Later, multiple rings, similar to the first were found, in different sites. Their ubiquitous presence suggest that they are the result of local production, and not imported. Research greatly expanded after 2009 and

588-399: The medieval Albanians who were attested in the same area in historical records in the 11th century. Komani-Kruja is a network of rural and urban settlements and their cemeteries which flourished in central and northern Albania and nearby regions. In central Albania, the rural settlements of Arbë, Klos, Kaçinar and Malaj have been identified. Urban settlements developed via the urbanization of

SECTION 20

#1732772415558

616-493: The population as Slavic, especially in the region of western Macedonia. Archaeological research has shown that these sites were not related to regions then inhabited by Slavs and even in regions like Macedonia, no Slavic settlements had been founded in the 7th century. What was established in this early phase of research was that Komani-Kruja settlements represented a local, non-Slavic population which has been described as Romanized Illyrian, Latin-speaking or Latin-literate. This

644-506: The rest in silver and glass, in addition there are also ceramic vases. The bronze and iron material artifacts are mainly weapons and tools, such as axes, knives, and spearheads. Ornaments, made in bronze, glass, and silver include rings, fibulas, ear rings, bracelets, and glass necklaces. Similar artifacts have been discovered in the Cape of Rodon , as well as close to Krujë . Until 1990 around 30 archaeological sites with similar artifacts dated to

672-686: The rules of the Kanun . It was ravaged by the Ottomans in 1491. In 1973, when the dam was completed, the city of Sarda became an island on the left bank of the river Drin. Around 1100 a Diocese of Sarda was established on the island. No residential incumbents available. The see of Sardë shortly comprised also the Diocese of Dagnum (Dagno, Daynum, Danj; Daynensis), founded as suffragan of Archbishopric of Antivari (now Bar, in Montenegro ) during

700-407: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Sarda . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarda&oldid=1194965222 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

728-605: The same time period (7th-9th centuries AD) were found in various territories of Albania as well as modern Kosovo . Limited excavations campaigns occurred until the 1990s. Objects from a vast area covering nearby regions the entire Byzantine Empire, the northern Balkans and Hungary and sea routes from Sicily to Crimea were found in Dalmace and other sites coming from many different production centres: local, Byzantine, Sicilian, Avar-Slavic, Hungarian, Crimean and even possibly Merovingian and Carolingian. Within Albanian archaeology, based on

756-476: The second half of the fourteenth century, which was united with Sarda by Pope Martin V in 1428. The bishopric of Sardë (Sardoniki) itself was suppressed no later than 1600, allegedly in 1491 when Pope Innocent VIII joined it to the Diocese of Sapë (Sappa), and the united sees were suffragans in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Antivari until the end of

784-440: The site which covered at that time no more than 6ha. Sarda is attested as a bishopric since the 9th century. It may have become the new seat of a bishopric which was previously seated in Koman. In the 12th century, it became the seat of joint bishop of Sapa and Sarda . In the 13th century Sarda had territorial disagreements with Scutari . The island was the original settlement of the feudal Lekë Dukagjini patriarch, famous for

#557442