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80-458: The city is named after the roe deer and can be literally translated as "deer" (plural); the name was adopted due to the abundance of them in the forests in the area. Sarny at its outset was a small village on the Polissia - Volyn border, located between forests and swamps. Its name is derived from the word "serna", referring to the wild goats that roamed freely in the area at the time. Sarny

160-537: A Sarny county (powiat), firstly in Polesie Voivodeship , then, since 1930 – in Wołyń Voivodeship . During this period, four hotels were constructed around the railway station, serving the needs of lumber merchants, in particular. In addition, Sarny had a ten-person police force, a functioning courthouse with permanent judge and secretary, a post office and, what was particularly important for the time,

240-467: A city. It became an important junction between railways of Rivne - Luninets and Kovel - Korosten , particularly after the construction of a railroad station in 1901, tied to the rail line linking Kyiv to Kovel, which was known as "the southwest line" and which now joined "the Polesia line". Concurrently, a large locomotive depot was constructed and Sarny became a centre of railroad activity, resulting in

320-456: A duration of several hours. A roe deer can live up to 20 years, but it usually does not reach such an age. A normal life span in the wild is seven to eight years, or ten years. The roe deer population shows irruptive growth . It is extremely fecund and can double its population every year; it shows a retarded reaction to population density with females continuing to have a similar fecundity at high population densities. Population structure

400-727: A good set of data to elucidate the prehistoric distribution. The distribution of the European species has fluctuated often since entering Europe. During the some periods during the last ice age it was present in central Europe, but during the Last Glacial Maximum it retreated to refugia in the Iberian Peninsula (two refugia here), southern France, Italy (likely two), the Balkans and the Carpathians . When

480-480: A government store selling hard liquor. As of 1921, approximately 50% of the town was composed of persons primarily of Polish, Ukrainian and Russian backgrounds, who were also Jewish, amounting to approximately 2,800 individuals. The city was divided by the rail line, with Jewish residents predominantly on one side, and predominantly non-Jewish residents on the other: the " Polesia side". Parallel education systems developed for Jewish and non-Jewish residents, since there

560-513: A high moisture content, i.e., grass that has received rain the day before. Roe deer will generally not venture into a field that has or has had livestock in it. The polygamous roe deer males clash over territory in early summer and mate in early autumn. During courtship, when the males chase the females, they often flatten the underbrush, leaving behind areas of the forest in the shape of a circle or figure eight called 'roe rings'. These tend to be 1–3 m (3.3–9.8 ft) in diameter. In 1956 it

640-586: A high quality. Storage time and quality can decrease if the bullet has travelled through the digestive tract and contaminated the meat. The meat, like most game meat, is darker in colour than most farmed meat. Roe deer are thought to have evolved from a species in the Eurasian genus Procapreolus , with some 10 species occurring from the Late Miocene to the Early Pleistocene , which moved from

720-909: A massive reduction in extensive livestock husbandry , and a general warming climate over the past 200 years. Furthermore, there are no large predators in Britain. In some cases, roe deer have been introduced with human help. In 1884 roe deer were introduced from Württemberg in Germany into the Thetford Forest , and these spread to populate most of Norfolk, Suffolk, and substantial parts of Cambridgeshire. In southern England, they started their expansion in Sussex (possibly from enclosed stock in Petworth Park ) and from there soon spread into Surrey, Berkshire, Wiltshire, Hampshire, and Dorset, and for

800-513: A need for construction of new housing for railway employees. Sarny was one of a series of towns and cities designated as railway station locations at key area boundaries. These municipalities were distinguished by the extent to which they were associated with manufacturing and markets, including being points for the concentration of agricultural produce for export. Lumber manufacturing also became an important and growing industry in Sarny, given that it

880-517: A permit to constitute Sarny as a "permitted town" for Jewish residents. By royal decree, every 100 villages were entitled to build a town in which Jews were permitted to live. Once he had obtained the permit, General Dzerzhinsky commenced to lease his land to Jewish residents, who were only permitted to lease, rather than to buy his land. In 1912, the first bank was established in Sarny — the Sarny Mutual Credit & Loan — in response to

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960-510: A qualifier, and it is now usually called 'roe deer'. The Koiné Greek name πύγαργος , transliterated ' pygargos ', mentioned in the Septuagint and the works of various writers such as Hesychius , Herodotus and later Pliny , was originally thought to refer to this species (in many European translations of the Bible), although it is now more often believed to refer to the addax . It

1040-540: A single antler branch, the result of a genetic defect. The roe deer is found in most areas of Europe, with the exception of northernmost Scandinavia , Iceland, Ireland, and the islands of the Mediterranean Sea . In the Mediterranean region, it is largely confined to mountainous areas, and is absent or rare at low altitudes. There is an early Neolithic fossil record from Jordan . In Flanders

1120-580: A species that needs large areas of woodland to survive, urban roe deer are now a feature of several cities, notably Glasgow and Bristol , where in particular they favour cemeteries. In Wales, they are least common, but they are reasonably well established in Powys and Monmouthshire. Roe deer are found in northern Iran in the Caspian region: they occur in the Hyrcanian woodlands and agricultural lands of

1200-780: A wider area adjoining it (up to the Ukrainian border) make up the UNESCO -designated West Polesie Biosphere Reserve , which borders a similar reserve (the Shatskiy Biosphere Reserve ) on the Ukrainian side. There is also a protected area called Pribuzhskoye-Polesie in the Belarusian part of the region. The wooden architecture structures in the region were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on 30 January 2004 in

1280-461: A year in the 1990s. This is insufficient to slow down the population growth, and the roe deer continues to increase in number. It is the main source of venison in Europe. In the 2000s, there was growing interest among consumers in alternative and organic food products such as game meat . Frozen roe venison should not be stored longer than 10 to 12 months at −25 °C (−13 °F) to maintain

1360-815: Is a main prey of the Persian leopard ( Panthera pardus tulliana ) in the Alborz Mountains of Iran. The nematode Spiculopteragia asymmetrica infects this deer. Compared to the other large herbivores and omnivores in Iran, it is a poor disperser of plant seeds, despite consuming relatively more of them. The roe deer is a game animal of great economic value in Europe, providing large amounts of meat and earning millions of euros in sport hunting. In 1998, some 2,500,000 roe deer were shot per year in Western Europe. In Germany alone, 700,000 were shot

1440-613: Is a natural (geographic) and historical region in Eastern Europe within the bigger East European Plain , including part of eastern Poland and the Belarus–Ukraine border region . This region should not be confused with parts of Russia also traditionally called "Polesie" . One of the largest forest areas on the continent, Polesia is located in the southwestern part of the Eastern-European Lowland ,

1520-517: Is derived from the words pyge 'buttocks' and argo 'white'. The taxonomic name Capreolus is derived from capra or caprea , meaning 'billy goat', with the diminutive suffix - olus . The meaning of this word in Latin is not entirely clear: it may have meant ' ibex ' or ' chamois '. The roe was also known as capraginus or capruginus in Latin. Linnaeus first described

1600-554: Is likely responsible. The roe deer is a relatively small deer, with a body length of 95–135 cm (3 ft 1 in – 4 ft 5 in) throughout its range, and a shoulder height of 63–67 cm (2 ft 1 in – 2 ft 2 in), and a weight of 15–35 kg (35–75 lb). Populations from Urals and northern Kazakhstan are larger on average growing to 145 cm (4 ft 9 in) in length and 85 cm (2 ft 9 in) at shoulder height, with body weights of up to 60 kg (130 lb), with

1680-426: Is modified by available nutrition, where populations are irrupting there are few animals over six years old. Where populations are stagnant or moribund, there is huge fawn mortality and a large part of the population is over seven years old. Mortality is highest in the first weeks after birth due to predation, or sometimes farm machinery; or in the first winter due to starvation or disease, with up to 90% mortality. It

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1760-566: Is no longer considered threatened and it has lost legal protection. As of 2016 there are some 110,000 roe deer in the country. The population is primarily kept in check through the efforts of hunters. In 1991, a breeding colony of 27 roe deer coming from France, Hungary and Italy were brought in the Hai-Bar Carmel Reserve. A small number of this roe deer population has been reintroduced to the Carmel Mountains from

1840-517: Is perhaps ultimately derived from a PIE root *rei- , meaning "streaked, spotted or striped". The word is attested on the 5th-century Caistor-by-Norwich astragalus  – a roe deer talus bone , written in Elder Futhark as ᚱᚨᛇᚺᚨᚾ , transliterated as raïhan . In the English language, this deer was originally simply called a 'roe', but over time the word 'roe' has become

1920-468: Is very opportunistic and a hedgerow may be good enough. Roe deer in the southern Czech Republic live in almost completely open agricultural land. The animal is more likely to be spotted in places with nearby forests to retreat to. A pioneer species commonly associated with biotic communities at an early stage of succession , during the Neolithic period in Europe when farming humans began to colonise

2000-517: Is widespread in Europe, from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia, from Scotland to the Caucasus , and east as far as northern Iran. The English roe is from the Old English rā or rāha , from Proto-Germanic *raihô , cognate with Old Norse rá , Old Saxon rēho , Middle Dutch and Dutch ree , Old High German rēh , rēho , rēia , German Reh . It

2080-690: The Alborz Mountains ( Golestan National Park , Jahan Nama Protected Area). Scottish roe deer were introduced to the Lissadell Estate in County Sligo in Ireland around 1870 by Sir Henry Gore-Booth. The Lissadell roe deer were noted for their occasional abnormal antlers and survived in that general area for about 50 years before they died out. According to the National Biodiversity Data Centre, in 2014 there

2160-595: The Carmel Hai-Bar Nature Reserve , with the first deer being released in 1996. 24 to 29 animals had been released by 2006. Some of the reintroduced animals were hand-reared and could be monitored by their responses to their keeper calls. This species can utilize a large number of habitats , including open agricultural areas and above the tree line, but a requisite factor is access to food and cover. It retreats to dense woodland, especially among conifers, or bramble scrub when it must rest, but it

2240-674: The Chernobyl disaster . Huge areas were polluted by radioactive elements. The most polluted part includes the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and the adjacent Polesie State Radioecological Reserve . Some other areas in the region are considered unsuitable for living as well. The Polish part of the region includes the Polesie National Park ( Poleski Park Narodowy ), established 1990, which covers an area of 97.6 square kilometres (37.7 sq mi). This and

2320-630: The General Government , or to the Third Reich as OST-Arbeiters . Sarny was reclaimed by Soviet forces on January 11, 1944. Since 1944, it has been a part of Ukrainian SSR and later independent Ukraine, as of 1991. In 1972, a Russian tank, the SU-76i , adapted from the Panzer , was discovered in the river around Sarny. It was determined that it was a tank that had attempted to cross

2400-706: The Polesian Lowland . On the western side, Polesia originates at the crossing of the Bug River valley in Poland and the Pripyat River valley of Western Ukraine . The westernmost part of the region, located in Poland and around Brest, Belarus , historically also formed part of the historic region of Podlachia , and is also referred to as such. The modern Polish part was not considered part of Polesia by

2480-498: The Sarny Massacre . Over two days, on August 27–28, 1942, between 14,000 and 18,000 people, mostly Jews from Sarny and surrounding towns, including an estimated 100 Roma , were systematically executed in the ravines on the outskirts of the town, where pits had been prepared. The executions were carried out by German troops and Ukrainian Auxiliary Police , assisted by some 200 members of Organization Todt . A memorial book of

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2560-592: The Sluch river. In 1939, Sarny was occupied by Russian forces following the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact and the Soviet invasion of Poland . The Russian advance met with Polish resistance. Sarny became a concentration point for units under the command of Brigadier General Wilhelm Orlik-Rückemann . The "Sarny" regiment, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Nikodem Sulik , provided cover. The regiment stemmed

2640-834: The Volyn , Rivne , Zhytomyr , Kyiv and Chernihiv Oblasts ), and partly in Poland ( Lublin ). It is a flatland within the drainage basins of the Western Bug and Prypyat rivers. The two rivers are connected by the Dnieper-Bug Canal , built during the reign of Stanislaus II of Poland , the last king of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . Notable tributaries of the Pripyat are the Horyn , Stokhid , Styr , Ptsich , and Yaselda rivers. The largest towns in

2720-484: The 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster , despite its distance from it. There is interest in renewed investment in the sawmill industry in Sarny. In the evening of March 16, 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine , the city was hit for the first time by a missile strike by the  Russian Armed Forces . According to the head of the  Rivne Regional State Administration Vitaliy Koval , the blow

2800-494: The 20th century and continuing into the 21st century. This increase in population also appears to be affecting woodland ecosystems. At the start of the 20th century, they were almost extirpated in Southern England , but since then have hugely expanded their range, mostly due to restrictions and decrease in hunting, increases in forests and reductions in arable farming , changes in agriculture (more winter cereal crops),

2880-619: The American book Mammal Species of the World in 1993. Populations of the roe deer from east of the Khopyor River and Don River to Korea are considered to be this species. The Integrated Taxonomic Information System , following the 2005 Mammal Species of the World , gives the following subspecies : This is just one ( extreme ) interpretation among a number of them. Two main specialists did not recognise these taxa and considered

2960-591: The Carpathians and/or further east, but not the Balkans or other refugia. This is opposite to the red deer , which recolonised Europe from Iberia. There has been much admixture of these populations where they meet, also possibly due to human intervention in some cases. It is thought that during the Middle Ages the two species of roe deer were kept apart due to hunting pressure and an abundance of predators;

3040-576: The Cervinae subfamily , they are now classified as part of the Capreolinae , which includes the deer from the New World. Both the European roe deer and Siberian roe deer have seen their populations increase, both around the 1930s. In recent times, since the 1960s, the two species have become sympatric where their distributions meet, and there is now a broad 'hybridization zone' running from

3120-618: The German occupation, the Nazis commandeered Jews of Sarny as forced labour. In addition, the Jewish population was forced to turn over most of its assets to the Nazis, with orders largely enforced by Ukrainian police . In April 1942, a ghetto was established in Sarny, into which were forced the Jews from Sarny and the surrounding towns. In August 1942, Sarny was the scene of what came to be known as

3200-626: The Pripyat basin are Pinsk , Stolin , Davyd-Haradok . Huge marshes were reclaimed from the 1960s to the 1980s for farmland . The region is subdivided into several subregions among which are: According to the late 19th-century Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland Polesie was divided into Northern Polesia, itself divided into Upper Polesia or Pinsk Polesia and Lower Polesia or Mazyr Polesia, and Southern Polesia, itself divided into Volhynian Polesia (overlapping northern Volhynia ) and Drevlian Polesia. This region suffered severely from

3280-516: The attack of the Soviet 60th Rifle Division , based on the strong fortifications of the Sarny Fortified Area. A crew of a single bunker, under the command of Second Lieutenant Jan Bołbot, lasted out in its position until September 19, delaying the advance of Soviet units. 300 Polish policemen were killed by Soviet soldiers in 1939, just after Soviets attacked Poland. The city was captured by Nazi Germany on July 8, 1941, following

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3360-803: The city. Sarny became a focal point for a large number of orphans fleeing the Petlura pogroms in Ukraine between 1918 and 1920. The city was annexed to Poland, following the Polish-Soviet War of 1919–1921. Due to the city's proximity to the Russian border, it became a Polish military centre following the Polish-Soviet War. In addition, prior to the outbreak of World War II, an airfield was constructed beside Sarny. The city's economic zenith occurred after World War I, particularly during

3440-465: The continent from the Middle East, the roe deer was abundant, taking advantage of areas of forest or woodland cleared by Neolithic farmers. In order to mitigate risk, roe deer remain within refuge habitats (such as forests) during the day. They are likelier to venture into more open habitats at night and during crepuscular periods when there is less ambient activity. It scrapes leaf litter off

3520-705: The different species may have met in the period just before that, and yet, during the Ice Age they were also kept apart. Populations are increasing throughout Europe; it is considered a species of ' least concern '. In the Hebrew Bible Deuteronomy 14:5, the יַחְמ֑וּר , yahmur , derived from 'to be red', is listed as the third species of animal that may be eaten. In most Bibles this word has usually been translated as 'roe deer', and it still means as much in Arabic ( أحمر , pronounced ' ahmar ) -it

3600-446: The east to Central Europe over the millennia, where Procapreolus cusanus (also classified as Capreolus cusanus ) occurred. It may not have evolved from C. cusanus , however, because the two extant species split from each other 1.375 and 2.75 Myr ago, and the western species first appeared in Europe 600 thousand years ago. As of 2008 over 3,000 fossil specimens of this species have been recovered from Europe, which affords

3680-460: The eastern part forming part of the Byelorussian SSR , within which the Polesia Region was created in 1938. From 1931 to 1944, it was explicitly mentioned as constituent part of the short-lived ( Byzantine Rite ) Ukrainian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Volhynia, Polesia and Pidliashia . Following the 1939 invasion of Poland , most of the region was under Soviet occupation , with the western outskirts under German occupation until 1941, and then

3760-399: The entire region, including the pre-war Soviet-controlled part, was under German occupation until 1943–1944. Since the end of World War II, the region has encompassed areas in eastern Poland, southern Belarus, and northwestern Ukraine. Polesia is a marshy region lining the Pripyat River ( Pripyat Marshes ) in Southern Belarus ( Brest , Pinsk , Kalinkavichy , Gomel ), Northern Ukraine (in

3840-402: The evening of August 28, 2022, powerful explosions rang out in Sarny during an air raid alert, the city was hit by a rocket from the Russian Armed Forces for the third time. According to the head of the Rivne Regional State Administration , V. Koval , a total of four missile strikes on the military infrastructure facility were recorded. There were no casualties. About 30 residential buildings and

3920-405: The female goes looking for a mate and commonly lures the buck back into her territory before mating. The roe deer is territorial, and while the territories of a male and a female might overlap, other roe deer of the same sex are excluded unless they are the doe's offspring of that year. It feeds mainly on grass, leaves, berries, and young shoots. It particularly likes very young, tender grass with

4000-500: The females are possible. 22% of the animals around Moscow carry the mtDNA of the European roe deer and 78% of the Siberian. In the Volgograd region, the European roe deer predominates. In the Stavropol and Dnipropetrovsk regions of Ukraine, most of the deer are Siberian roe deer. In northeastern Poland there is also evidence of introgression with the Siberian roe deer, which was likely an Introduced species . In some cases, such as around Moscow, former introductions of European stock

4080-403: The financing requirements of forest products and textile merchants. Prior to 1914, there was one private school and no public schools in Sarny. The private school was a Russian school with four grades, owned by management of the railroad and primarily for the benefit of the children of railroad employees. During this same period, there were no medical facilities in Sarny, and only one physician in

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4160-408: The first half of the 20th century, most roe deer in Southern England were to be found in these counties. By the end of the 20th century, they had repopulated much of southern England and had expanded into Somerset, Devon, Cornwall, Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire, Warwickshire, Lincolnshire and South Yorkshire, and had even spread into Wales from the Ludlow area where an isolated population had appeared. At

4240-403: The following June, after a 10-month gestation period, typically to two spotted fawns of opposite sexes. The fawns remain hidden in long grass from predators; they are suckled by their mother several times a day for around three months. Young female roe deer can begin to reproduce when they are around six months old. During the mating season, a male roe deer may mount the same doe several times over

4320-418: The fractional protein content of the body tissues. Fawns, females and males make different noises between species. Alexander S. Graphodatsky looked at the karyotypy to present more evidence to recognise these Russian and Asian populations as a separate species, now renamed the eastern or Siberian roe deer ( Capreolus pygargus ). This new taxonomic interpretation ( circumscription ) was first followed in

4400-420: The ground to make a 'bed'. When alarmed it will bark a sound much like a dog and flash out its white rump patch. Rump patches differ between the sexes, with the white rump patches heart-shaped on females and kidney-shaped on males. Males may also bark or make a low grunting noise. Does (the females) make a high-pitched "pheep" whine to attract males during the rut (breeding season) in July and August. Initially

4480-453: The history of the Jewish community in Sarny was published in 1961, containing first person accounts by community survivors. During the Volhynian Genocide , commencing in 1943, Sarny was a shelter for ethnic Polish population of Volhynian countryside, massacred by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army . In May 1943, German authorities created a Polish police unit, which defended the town from the Ukrainians. In 1944, most Poles were transported either to

4560-437: The last Ice Age ended the species initially abruptly expanded north of the Alps to Germany during the Greenland Interstadial , 12.5–10.8 thousand years ago, but during the cooling of the Younger Dryas , 10.8–10 thousand years ago, it appears to have disappeared again from this region. It reappeared 9.7–9.5 thousand years ago, reaching northern central Europe. The modern population in this area appears to have recolonised it from

4640-409: The late 19th-century Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland , which defined the region as roughly a triangle between the cities of Brest in the west, Mogilev in the northeast and Kyiv in the southeast. The swampy areas of central Polesia are known as the Pinsk Marshes (after the major local city of Pinsk ). Large parts of the region were contaminated after the Chernobyl disaster and

4720-435: The male's antlers begin to regrow, they are covered in a thin layer of velvet -like fur which disappears later on after the hair's blood supply is lost. Males may speed up the process by rubbing their antlers on trees, so that their antlers are hard and stiff for the duels during the mating season. Unlike most cervids, roe deer begin regrowing antlers almost immediately after they are shed. In rare cases, some bucks possess only

4800-413: The people of the Milograd culture , the Neuri . In the late Middle Ages Polesia became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , following it into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569). It was annexed by Russia in the late-18th-century Partitions of Poland . Polesia was largely part of Poland from 1921 to 1939, when the country's largest province, the Polesie Voivodeship , bore that name, with

4880-410: The period of Polish rule between 1921 and 1939, involving close economic and social relationships with the neighbouring city of Rivne , which had been the previous provincial seat, prior to Polish rule. In 1921, the city became part of the Second Polish Republic . Sarny also developed close economic ties with the metropolitan centres of Poland, such as Warsaw and Łódź . In Poland, it was the seat of

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4960-464: The populations becoming smaller again further east in the Transbaikal , Amur Oblast , and Primorsky Krai regions. In healthy populations, where population density is restricted by hunting or predators, bucks are slightly larger than does. Under other conditions, males can be similar in size to females, or slightly smaller. Bucks in good conditions develop antlers up to 20–25 cm (8–10 in) long with two or three, rarely even four, points. When

5040-469: The premises of the central district hospital were damaged by the shock wave. Sarny is twinned with: Roe deer Cervus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758 The roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ), also known as the roe , western roe deer , or European roe , is a species of deer . The male of the species is sometimes referred to as a roebuck . The roe is a small deer, reddish and grey-brown, and well-adapted to cold environments. The species

5120-399: The region now includes the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and Polesie State Radioecological Reserve , named after the region. The names Polesia/Polissia/Polesye , etc. may reflect the Slavic root les 'forest', and the Slavic prefix po- 'on, in, along'. Inhabitants of Polesia are called Polishchuks . In ancient times, the areas of today's western and west-central Polesia were inhabited by

5200-400: The repudiation by Germany of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact and the German attack on Russia on June 22, 1941. At the time, Sarny had a Jewish population of approximately 5,000 persons. While Russian troops retreated, Ukrainian nationalists did not retreat with the Russian forces, but instead saw an opportunity to support the independence of Ukraine through alliances with the Nazis. Subsequent to

5280-457: The right side of the Volga River up to eastern Poland. It is extremely difficult for hunters to know which species they have bagged. In line with Haldane's rule , female hybrids of the two taxa are fertile, while male hybrids are not. Hybrids are much larger than normal and a Cesarean section was sometimes needed to birth the fawns, becoming larger than their mothers at the age of 4–5 months. F1 hybrid males may be sterile, but backcrosses with

5360-608: The river on January 11, 1944, in support of the advance of the Russian 143rd Rifle Division on Sarny. The tank broke through the ice and sank with its crew. Upon its discovery in 1972, the tank was recovered, renovated and put on display at the then Lenin Prospekt Memorial in Sarny. Contemporary Sarny has predominantly an agriculture-based economy. Through to the 1990s, it was considered to be an industrial and transportation centre, with its principal industries being machine building and metalworking, building materials, woodworking and flax processing. The city and its economy were affected by

5440-415: The roe deer in the modern taxonomic system as Cervus capreolus in 1758. The initially monotypic genus Capreolus was first proposed by John Edward Gray in 1821, although he did not provide a proper description for this taxon . Gray was not actually the first to use the name Capreolus , it has been used by other authors before him. Nonetheless, his publication is seen as taxonomically acceptable. He

5520-415: The roe deer was mostly confined to the hilly regions in the east, but like in neighbouring countries the population has expanded in recent times. A theory is that the expansion of maize cultivation, which are higher than traditional crops and afford more shelter, has aided their expansion to the west. In England and Wales, roe deer have experienced a substantial expansion in their range in the latter half of

5600-417: The same time, the surviving population in Scotland and the Lake District had pushed further south beyond Yorkshire and Lancashire and into Derbyshire and Humberside. In the 1970s, the species was still completely absent from Wales. Roe deer can now be found in most of rural England except for southeast Kent and parts of Wales; anywhere in the UK mainland suitable for roe deer may have a population. Not being

5680-505: The species to be without subspecies in 2001. The European Union 's Fauna Europaea recognised in 2005 two subspecies, but besides the nominate form recognises the Spanish population as the endemic Capreolus capreolus garganta Meunier, 1983 . Roe deer are most closely related to the water deer , and, counter-intuitively, the three species in this group, called the Capreolini, are most closely related to moose and reindeer . Although roe deer were once classified as belonging to

5760-512: Was a 10% quota limiting Jewish students from attending public secondary schools. Despite Sarny being a county seat in Poland and under Polish legislative rule, the dominant social influence at the time was Ukrainian, including Ukrainian nationalist sentiments. In the 1930s, Polish military authorities constructed a number of fortifications in the area of Sarny, known as the Sarny Fortified Area ( Sarnenski Rejon Umocniony ), along

5840-592: Was a confirmed sighting of roe deer in County Armagh. There have been other, unconfirmed, sightings in County Wicklow. In the Netherlands, roe deer were extirpated from the entirety of the country except for two small areas around 1875. As new forests were planted in the country in the 20th century, the population began to expand rapidly. Although it was a protected species in 1950, the population

5920-668: Was a part of the Kingdom of Halych-Volhynia . It was later annexed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , followed by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . From 1795 it was considered a part of the Russian Empire , as part of the Volhynian Governorate . It later became part of the estate of General Felix Dzerzhinsky . The railway reached Sarny in 1885, which was the same year that Sarny was formally constituted as

6000-671: Was chosen, despite the fallow deer being fallow, not red. Bambi, the titular character of the book Bambi, A Life in the Woods and its sequel Bambi's Children was originally a roe deer. When the story was adapted to the animated film Bambi by Walt Disney Pictures , the main character was changed to a white-tailed deer . Albino roe deer were exceedingly rare in history, and they were regarded as national treasures or sacred animals in ancient times in China . Polesia Polesia , also called Polissia , Polesie , or Polesye ,

6080-562: Was generally ignored until the 20th century, most 19th-century works having continued to follow Linnaeus. Roe deer populations gradually become somewhat larger as one moves further to the east, peaking in Kazakhstan, then becoming smaller again towards the Pacific Ocean. The Soviet mammalogist Vladimir Sokolov had recognised this as a separate species from 1985 already using electrophoretic chromatography to show differences in

6160-627: Was inflicted on one of the military infrastructure facilities in Sarny. He also said that there were no victims. In the evening of June 25, 2022, the city was hit for the second time by a missile strike by the Russian Armed Forces . According to the head of the Rivne Regional State Administration Vitaliy Koval , the attack was carried out on civilian infrastructure, at least 4 people were killed and seven others were injured. On

6240-473: Was speculated based on some field evidence that they choose where to form rings around plants with ergot mould, but this has not been substantiated further. Males may also use their antlers to shovel around fallen foliage and soil as a way of attracting a mate. Roebucks enter rutting inappetence during the July and August breeding season. Females are monoestrous and after delayed implantation usually give birth

6320-555: Was still said to be a common species in the Mount Carmel area in the 19th century. The King James Bible translated the word as ' fallow deer ', and in other English Bible translations the word has been translated as a number of different species. When Modern Hebrew was reconstructed to serve as the language of the future Israel in late Ottoman and British Mandatory Palestine , the King James Bible interpretation

6400-400: Was surrounded by forests. Sarny became a focal point of the settlement of Russian Jews, commencing as of 1903, following the pogroms at Kishinev , when Sarny was under Russian rule. Russian Interior Minister Vyacheslav von Plehve published a list of villages in which Jews were given "permission" to live, one of which was Sarny. General Dzerzhinsky travelled to St. Petersburg and obtained

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