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47-539: The Scharfrichterhaus (executioner’s house) in Passau , Germany , is designated as a national historical treasure and was built circa 1200. Located on "Milchgasse" ("Milk Street"), it was the official residence for the Scharfrichter ( executioner ) of the city of Passau. It is now a jazz and cabaret stage on which political cabaret is performed. Early historical documents, from the 13th century until 1443, mention

94-490: A kurfürstliches Lyzeum , which meant a loss of status. After a period of abandonment, it was re-established as Passauer Lyzeum . This lyceum grew over the years until it became a philosophical-theological university in 1923. Under the Nazi regime the university was forced to change its logo, but in 1950 a new seal was introduced, representing Mary with The Child Jesus vanquishing evil. The strong religious symbolism of this logo

141-482: A Jewish merchant. That building, in turn, was referred to as SA barracks . Beginning in 1940, Passau offered the building at Bräugasse 13 to Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle . During World War II, the city also housed three sub-camps of the infamous Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp : Passau I (Oberilzmühle), Passau II (Waldwerke Passau-Ilzstadt) and Passau III (Jandelsbrunn). From January to May 1945, refugees from East Prussia and Silesia passed

188-590: A contentious issue among students. There are five fraternities in Passau: A tradition for first-year students in Passau is a welcome reception in the refectory with typical Bavarian foods: Leberkäse , Bavarian Pretzels (which are different from the American ones) and beer . The welcome speeches are held by the president of the university and the mayor of Passau. Another traditional part of Passau's student life are

235-472: A debating society, a student-run management consulting group, and three religious student groups. Despite the wide range of sports offered in the Sports Center of the university, there are only two teams that play at a competitive level. However, it should be kept in mind that unlike other countries, Germany does not have a long tradition of inter-university sporting competitions. Fraternities have

282-656: A long-standing tradition in Germany's student life, although the usage of the word carries very different connotations from that in the United States. German student fraternities are traditionally linked to nationalism, sometimes combined with old-fashioned social and religious views. Such societies are usually male and involve dressing up in traditional 19th Century outfits, as well as drinking and fighting with swords. Due to controversies around some fraternities' attitudes to race, history and German identity, fraternities are

329-403: A seating capacity of 560. The campus additionally has four cafeterias, which offer sandwiches, confectionery, coffee, soft drinks and – this being Bavaria – beer. The university's crèche is open to children of students and staff. It is unusual for a German university to have day care facilities, but the reasonably-priced service is well used by students with toddlers aged 1 to 3. The library

376-583: A single campus along a single street. This is advantageous for the internal communication of students and staff, particularly because the university offers many interdisciplinary courses. Hence, it is not uncommon for law courses to be held in the Philosophicum (Arts and Humanities building) and vice versa. The campus is stretched out along the left bank of the Inn river , making it an idyllic place to study. The gardens and meadows are very popular with students in

423-492: A special atmosphere. Events in the Scharfrichterhaus include regular performances of jazz, readings, cabaret, chanson or theatre. Due to space restrictions, some of the events take place in the nearby "Redoute Passau". Today the Scharfrichterhaus has two main features for visitors. The first is a cafe that is part of the house and is modeled after a Viennese coffeehouse of the 19th and 20th century. The second feature

470-538: A specialisation for students enrolled in one of the teacher training programmes or the M.A. programme in Caritas Science. The University of Passau is well-known beyond the borders of Bavaria and Germany for its international orientation and atmosphere. The university maintains co-operative partnerships with some 236 foreign universities in the Americas, Europe, Asia and Australia, enabling students enrolled at

517-476: A total of 1,000 desk spaces for library users in the reading rooms, which are open 16 hours a day. The University Executive consists of the President, Professor Ulrich Bartosch, four Vice Presidents – Professors Christina Hansen (International Affairs and Diversity), Robert Obermaier (Research), Bettina Noltenius (Studies, Teaching and Ethics), Harald Kosch (Academic Infrastructure and IT Facilities) – as well as

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564-451: A weekly ambitious cinema, but these events had not been widely accepted by the audience. A distinct feature of the new institution is the repertory cinema. With its detailed program the visitor knows already weeks in advance what is available. A program guide called "Trailer", the cinema's main advertising, is spread out in a circulation of 6000 copies and laid out in various shops, sent by post or email. The selection of movies, which fit into

611-533: Is a public research university located in Passau , Lower Bavaria , Germany . Founded in 1973, it is the youngest university in Bavaria and consequently has the most modern campus in the state. Nevertheless, its roots as the Institute for Catholic Studies dates back to the early 17th century. Today it is home to four faculties and 39 different undergraduate and postgraduate degree programmes. The university

658-420: Is a restaurant with selected food and wine, and an additional wine-cellar. The Scharfrichterhaus also contains the independent "Scharfrichter-Cinema". The Passauer film operator Manfred Vesper has rented its rooms since 5 February 1987, based on an initiative from Walter Landshuter for a cinema, fitting to the remaining program of the Scharfrichterhaus. Those rooms had been already used for some years to present

705-773: Is notable for its gothic and baroque architecture . The city is dominated by the Veste Oberhaus and the Veste Niederhaus, both parts of the former fortress of the Bishop, on the mountain crest between the Danube and the Ilz. Tourism in Passau focuses mainly on the three rivers, the St. Stephen's Cathedral ( German : Der Passauer Stephansdom ) and the "Old City" ( Die Altstadt ). With 17,774 pipes and 233 registers,

752-506: Is the Centre for Media and Communication, which houses a state-of-the-art newsroom. The university's sports facilities include four gymnasiums, a football pitch and an athletics field with a race track. A wide range of sports courses are offered throughout the semester and are free to staff and students, including football, volleyball, basketball, rowing, martial arts and aerobics. The University of Passau has an award-winning refectory with

799-803: The Times Higher Education World University Rankings of 2024, the university is placed at 401-500th globally and 37-41st within the country. The university supports a number of student groups in various fields of interest. Among them are eight political groups, two drama societies, three university orchestras, two choirs, several NGO’s groups such as Amnesty International , Unicef and AIESEC , several departments of specialised European student organisations such as Young European Federalists , AEGEE and ELSA , five societies dedicated to fostering international relations and cultural exchange, several subject-orientated groups, an association of cultural studies students,

846-675: The University of Passau , renowned in Germany for its institutes of economics, law, theology, computer science and cultural studies. In the 2nd century BC, many of the Boii tribe were pushed north across the Alps out of northern Italy by the Romans. They established a new capital called Boiodurum by the Romans (from Gaulish Boioduron ), now within the Innstadt district of Passau. Passau

893-1179: The Université Laval in Canada , Kyoto Sangyo University in Japan , Zhejiang International Studies University and Beijing Foreign Studies University in China , Thammasat University and University Chiang Mai in Thailand, Universitas Indonesia in Indonesia as well as the National University of Vietnam, the Lahore University of Management Sciences in Pakistan , the Indian Institute of Technology Madras in India and Amirkabir University of Technology in Iran . In

940-542: The 10th century the bishops of Passau also exercised secular authority as Prince-Bishops in the immediate area around Passau (see Prince-Bishopric of Passau  [ de ] ). Before the Holocaust , there was a small Jewish community present in Passau, with Jews being mentioned as early as the 10th century. In the Treaty of Passau (1552), Archduke Ferdinand I , representing Emperor Charles V , secured

987-535: The 1920s for speeches. In addition, Heinrich Himmler spent some time there. In November 1933, the building of Nibelungenhalle (Hall of the Nibelungs) was announced. Intended to hold 8,000 to 10,000 guests, and another 30,000 in front of it, in 1935 the hall also became quarters for a unit of the Austrian Legion . Beginning in 1934, these troops had occupied a building that belonged to Sigmund Mandl,

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1034-528: The 5th century, St. Severinus established a monastery here. The site was subject to repeated raids by the Alemanni . In 739, the recently consecrated English archbishop Boniface founded the diocese of Passau , which for many years was the largest diocese of the German Kingdom / Holy Roman Empire , covering territory in southern Bavaria and most of what is now Upper and Lower Austria . From

1081-543: The City of Passau was subdivided into eight statistical districts, which in general coincided with formerly separate municipalities. Since 2013, the city is divided in 16 so-called areas of open council ( German : Bürgerversammlungsgebiete ). Many river cruises down the Danube start at Passau and there is a cycling path all the way down to Vienna . It is on the designated heritage route, the Route of Emperors and Kings. Passau

1128-595: The Commissioner for System Accreditation and Internal Integration with the Cross-Functional Task of Sustainability, Professor Werner Gamerith, Head of Administration, Dr Achim Dilling and the Deputy Head of Administration, Mr Thomas Werrlein. The Senate is the legislative branch of the university. The president and vice presidents are senators ex officio , as are the deans of the faculties and

1175-529: The Federal Minister of the Interior for support of the cinema (German: Filmförderanstalt ). Up to now every year the cinema won the prize of 5000 euro. These prizes must be used for re-investments. 48°34′30″N 13°28′10″E  /  48.57500°N 13.46944°E  / 48.57500; 13.46944 Passau Passau's population is about 50,000, of whom about 12,000 are students at

1222-569: The Jesuits church of St. Michael , the oldest parish church of St. Paul and the pilgrim church Mariahilf on the hill south of the rivers Inn and Danube. Before the cathedral is a large square (Domplatz) with the Lamberg-Palais, where the Peace of Passau was concluded. The medieval Old Residence south of the cathedral and the baroque New Residence further west at Residenzplatz were

1269-537: The Passauer press ( Passauer Neue Presse , PNP). Consequently, a counter cultural movement developed and a political cabaret was formed in Passau. The main cabaret performers in this movement were Bruno Jonas and Siegfried Zimmerschied . In opposition to this counter culture movement, the chief editor of the PNP established a news embargo on the cabaret organization. The "Generalvikar" (high Catholic Church functionary) of

1316-527: The agreement of the Protestant princes to submit the religious question to a diet . This led to the Peace of Augsburg in 1555. During the Renaissance and early modern period , Passau was one of the most prolific centres of sword and bladed weapon manufacture in Germany (after Solingen ). Passau smiths stamped their blades with the Passau wolf, usually a rather simplified rendering of the wolf on

1363-582: The building as the feared "Prislig" prison. Around 1620, during the 30 years war, then-executioner Kaspar would distribute small slips of paper that would make the owner invulnerable. This went into the history books as "Passauerkunst" or Art of Passau. In the 1970s, the city of Passau was under the very strong influence of the conservatives of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria , the Roman Catholic Diocese of Passau , and

1410-544: The city's coat-of-arms. Superstitious warriors believed that the Passau wolf conferred invulnerability on the blade's bearer, and thus Passau swords acquired a great premium. According to the Donau-Zeitung , aside from the wolf, some cabalistic signs and inscriptions were added. As a result, the whole practice of placing magical charms on swords to protect the wearers came to be known for a time as "Passau art". Other cities' smiths, including those of Solingen, recognized

1457-469: The city, after May, as the result of ethnic cleansing of neighboring Bohemia and Moravia of their German populace, further waves of refugees arrived in the city. On 3 May 1945 a message from Major General Stanley Eric Reinhart ’s 261st Infantry Regiment stated at 3:15 am: "AMG Officer has unconditional surrender of PASSAU signed by Burgermeister, Chief of Police and Lt. Col of Med Corps there. All troops are to turn themselves in this morning." It

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1504-601: The country, Passau has become a major migrant entry point into Germany. Refugees and economic migrants from the Middle East, Asia and Africa who have reached Europe, often entering either overland via Greece or across the sea via the Mediterranean (see Operation Triton ), then head north and sometimes enter Germany. In 2015 the BBC reported that traffickers drive migrants and refugees through Austria and leave them on

1551-528: The diocese took the movement to the court charging blasphemy. As a result, the city of Passau imposed a ban on the cabaret’s performances. The Scharfrichterhaus of today was founded in March 1977 by Walter Landshuter and Edgar Liegl . It has developed quickly to be an important jazz and cabaret stage on which political cabaret is performed. In 1979, the Passauer Cabaret Days was celebrated for

1598-525: The first time. This is a festival for art, theatre, music and cabaret. Since 1983 the Scharfrichterhaus, in collaboration with the Bavarian TV channel and a Munich newspaper, awarded the " Executioner’s Hatchet ". German comedian Hape Kerkeling received this award in 1983. The Scharfrichterhaus, a place of cultural communication, as it names itself, is even known beyond the regional and national borders. Musicians and cabaret artists offer entertainment in

1645-702: The marketing value of the Passau wolf and adopted it for themselves. By the 17th century, Solingen was producing more wolf-stamped blades than Passau was. In 1662, a devastating fire consumed most of the city. Passau was subsequently rebuilt in the Baroque style. Passau was secularised and divided between the Electorate of Bavaria and the Electorate of Salzburg in 1803. The portion belonging to Salzburg became part of Bavaria in 1805. From 1892 until 1894, Adolf Hitler and his family lived in Passau. The city archives mention Hitler being in Passau on four occasions in

1692-458: The organ at St. Stephen's was long held to be the largest church pipe organ in the world and is today second in size only to the organ at First Congregational Church of Los Angeles , which was expanded in 1994. Organ concerts are held daily between May and September. St. Stephen's is a true masterpiece of Italian Baroque , built by Italian architect Carlo Lurago and decorated in part by Carpoforo Tencalla . Among many other churches are

1739-401: The other Scharfrichterhaus program, aims to reach viewers interested in non-mainstream movies and is primarily chosen by Vesper. In addition, there is also a program advisory board. It consists of Landshuter and Vesper, two professors of the university of Passau, and two employees who work out together the different film rows at their regular meetings and submit them to the annual competition of

1786-653: The palaces of the Prince-Bishops within the city. Right beside the 14th century Gothic city hall with its neo-Gothic tower and the big 19th-century former Hauptzollamtsgebäude (Main Customs Office) at the Danube is the Scharfrichterhaus , an important jazz and cabaret stage on which political cabaret is performed. Due to its location on the German–Austrian border, and in the south-east of

1833-493: The side of the autobahn . The migrants and refugees then often walk unaccompanied into Passau, the first German town northwards. This situation has caused the government of Passau to divert funds from flood prevention to housing and feeding the refugees and migrants, around 10% of whom are unaccompanied children. Passau is twinned with: University of Passau The University of Passau ( Universität Passau in German )

1880-486: The summer. The Nikolakloster building is the oldest building on campus, existing long before the university was established. It is also the only building that breaks with the university's otherwise modern architecture. Today, this former convent is home to the language centre. On the opposite end of the campus are the IT Centre (ITZ) building and the sports grounds. The latest addition to the campus, inaugurated in 2014,

1927-829: The university to spend part of their studies abroad. The partner universities include King's College and the University of Stirling in the UK , the Autonomous University of Barcelona and Autonomous University of Madrid in Spain , Lund University in Sweden , Texas A&M University and Augustana College in the United States , the Universidad del Salvador in Argentina , the University of Santiago, Chile ,

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1974-647: The university's gender equality officer. The University of Passau has four faculties: Law; Business, Economics and Information Systems; Arts and Humanities; and Computer Science and Mathematics. In 2010 the Department of Catholic Theology and the Chair of Philosophy became inactive for a planned 15 years, a highly controversial decision, as the academic staff of the faculty had received numerous awards in recognition of their research achievements. The Department of Catholic Theology now offers catholic religious education as

2021-571: Was an ancient Roman colony called Batavis , Latin for "for the Batavi ". The Batavi were an ancient Germanic tribe from area of the Rhine delta who frequently served in the Roman army as auxiliary troops. Batavis (Passau-Altstadt) was a Roman castrum in the province of Raetia , while another late Roman castrum, Boiotro (Passau-Innstadt), was in the province of Noricum . During the second half of

2068-530: Was considered inappropriate for the new university and replaced with a neutral logo. In 1969, the city council initiated negotiations to establish a university out of the old Faculty. The campus of the University of Passau is probably unique in Germany. With the exception of the Department of Catholic Theology, which is in the Old Town, and a number of offices in the city centre, all faculties are situated on

2115-535: Was established on 1 January 1973 by a resolution of the Bayerischer Landtag (Bavarian State Parliament). However its history goes back to 1622 when an Institute for Catholic Studies was incorporated into the Gymnasium founded by Fürst Leopold in 1612. In 1773, the school was renamed fürstbischöfliche Akademie , highlighting its relationship to the bishop . Nevertheless, in 1803 it was downgraded to

2162-407: Was established together with the university in 1978 and opened its doors to students and citizens of Passau the same year. The central library is the main library of the university and, together with the five faculty and institute libraries, constitutes the university's library system. Its Director is Dr Steffen Wawra. The university library currently has two million books and 3,050 journals. There are

2209-473: Was the site of a post World War II American sector displaced persons camp . On 2 June 2013, the old town suffered from severe flooding as a result of several days of rain and its location at the confluence of three rivers. Peak elevations of floods as early as 1501 are displayed on a wall at the Old City Hall. Flood water reaches the base of that wall on average once every 5 years. Until 2013,

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