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55-478: The town parts and villages of Arnoldov, Dolní Žďár, Hanušov, Hluboký, Horní Žďár, Kfely, Květnová, Liticov, Maroltov, Mořičov and Vykmanov are administrative parts of Ostrov. The original name of the first settlement was Zlaukowerde (meaning "Slauko's island"), which changed into the German name Schlackenwerth . In 1331, the name Ostrov (i.e. "island") was first used, in a charter of King John of Bohemia . Ostrov

110-530: A German majority and only 7% of the Czech population. At the beginning of World War II , during the occupation of Czechoslovakia by Nazi Germany , the Czech population was forced to leave the town. The castle was turned into a Nazi concentration camp, a subcamp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp , whose prisoners were mostly Poles and Russians. In April 1945, most of the remaining prisoners were deported by

165-587: A cemetery church. At the beginning of the 17th century, it was reconstructed in the early Baroque style. Red Tower of Death is a red-brick tower that served as a sorting house for uranium ore in Vykmanov work camp in 1951–1956. Today it is a national cultural monument and, since 2019, it has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site as a part of the Ore Mountain Mining Region . Ostrov is twinned with: John of Bohemia John

220-706: Is a castle in Ostrov in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic . It dates back to the 15th century, but has been reconstructed into baroque palace with gardens under the Saxe-Lauenburg and Baden-Baden families. In the 19th century, it belonged to the Tuscan branch of Habsburg family. Nowadays, it houses municipal offices, a library, a gallery and museum. Its gardens were once considered

275-684: Is considered a national hero . Comparatively, in the Czech Republic (anciently the Kingdom of Bohemia ), Jan Lucemburský is often recognized for his role as the father of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor , one of the more significant Kings of Bohemia and one of the leading Holy Roman Emperors. John was the eldest son of Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor and Margaret of Brabant , who was the daughter of John I, Duke of Brabant and Margaret of Flanders . Born in Luxembourg and raised in Paris , John

330-769: Is located about 9 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of Karlovy Vary . Most of the municipal territory lies in the Sokolov Basin , but it also extends to the Doupov Mountains in the east and to the Ore Mountains in the north. The highest point is the Hlaváč mountain at 908 m (2,979 ft) above sea level. The town lies at the confluence of the Bystřice River and Jáchymovský Creek; the Ohře flows just outside

385-582: Is the loudest. The Lord will be with us. Nothing to fear. Just take good care of my son.") John was succeeded as King of Bohemia by his eldest son, Charles . In Luxembourg , he was succeeded by Wenceslaus , his son by his second wife. The body of John the Blind was moved to Kloster Altmünster ("Old-Minster Abbey") in Luxembourg. When the abbey was destroyed in 1543, the corpse was moved to Kloster Neumünster ("New-Minster Abbey") in Luxembourg. During

440-489: Is used for exhibitions and concerts. The English-style castle park was originally a formal castle garden founded in 1625. In the centre of the park is the baroque summer house from 1673–1679. It houses a branch of the Karlovy Vary Art Gallery with exhibitions of mostly contemporary art and an exhibition of European porcelain. The monastery complex is located next to the castle park. The Piarist monastery

495-510: The Battle of Crécy in 1346 John controlled Phillip's advanced guard along with managing the large contingents of Charles II of Alençon and Louis I, Count of Flanders . John was killed at age 50 while fighting against the English during the battle. The medieval chronicler Jean Froissart left the following account of John's last actions: ...for all that he was nigh blind, when he understood

550-528: The First World War , he lost the castle and estates. In 1918, after the downfall of the monarchy, the castle, together with other imperial and Habsburg property, was confiscated by the Czechoslovak state. Part of the furniture went to Lány Castle . The castle was used by various governmental bodies, and the palace of the princes fell into serious disrepair. On a certain moment, the ownership of

605-577: The Polish and Hungarian throne. His attempts to follow his father as King of the Romans failed with the election of Louis IV of Bavaria in 1314. Nevertheless, John later would support Louis IV in his rivalry with Frederick the Fair, King of Germany , culminating in the 1322 Battle of Mühldorf in which, in return, he thus received the Czech region of Egerland as a reward. Like his predecessor Henry, he

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660-461: The Rhineland in 1833, offering the remains as a gift. As Frederick William counted John the Blind among his ancestors, he ordered Karl Friedrich Schinkel to construct a funeral chapel. The chapel was built in 1834 and 1835 near Kastel-Staadt on a rock above the town. In 1838, on the anniversary of his death, John the Blind was laid in a black marble sarcophagus in a public ceremony. In 1945,

715-567: The 'Neues Schloss', was destroyed during the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), he lived together with Sibylle Auguste in Ostrov until 1699. Then the couple decided to construct Schloss Rastatt , a new palace in Rastatt, the new capital of Baden-Baden, and moved here. Ostrov going forward was a secondary residence, which was still repeatedly visited for longer stays. The couple not only completed

770-404: The 1640s, it was rebuilt and extended, and another castle building (the so-called Palace of Princes) was added at the end of the 17th century. Today the main building with a roofed courtyard houses the town hall, expositions of the history of the castle and the porcelain production in the town, and the information centre. The Palace of Princes serves as the town library, its Václav Havel 's Orangery

825-484: The Blind or John of Luxembourg ( Luxembourgish : Jang de Blannen ; German: Johann der Blinde ; Czech : Jan Lucemburský ; 10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346), was the Count of Luxembourg from 1313 and King of Bohemia from 1310 and titular King of Poland . He is well known for having died while fighting in the Battle of Crécy at age 50, after having been blind for a decade. In his home country of Luxembourg , he

880-625: The Bohemian throne took place on 7 February 1311, making them King and Queen of Bohemia. The castle at Prague was uninhabitable, so John made residence in one of the houses on the Old Town Square, and with the help of his advisors, he stabilized affairs in the Czech state. He thereby became one of the seven prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire and – in succession of his brother-in-law Wenceslaus III of Bohemia – claimant to

935-490: The Czech Republic. From 1960, the town was known for production of Škoda trolleybuses for many decades, but this ended in 2004. The largest employer based in the town is Witte Access Technology, a branch of Witte Automotive . It produces painted door handles for automotive industry. The traditional industry has been the production of cardboard since 1889. Papos company is the largest cardboard manufacturer in

990-825: The Elbow-high to the Polish crown, John supported the Teutonic Knights in the Polish–Teutonic War from 1326 to 1332 . He also made several Silesian dukes swear an oath of allegiance to him. In 1335 in Congress of Visegrád , Władysław's successor King Casimir III the Great of Poland paid a significant amount of money in exchange for John's giving up his claim to the Polish throne. John's first steps as king were re-establishing authority and securing peace within

1045-621: The Germans to the Leitmeritz concentration camp . After the war, the German population was expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement and replaced by Czechs. The population of Ostrov then multiplied as people were moved to work in the uranium mines in nearby Jáchymov . The extensive housing blocks from the 1950s forming the new part of Ostrov are considered one of the best examples of socialist realism architecture in

1100-580: The Imperial crown in opposition to Louis. John lost his eyesight at age 39 or 40 from ophthalmia in 1336, while crusading in Lithuania. A treatment by the famous physician Guy de Chauliac had no positive effects. At the outbreak of the Hundred Years' War in 1337, he allied with King Philip VI of France and was even appointed governor of Languedoc from 30 November 1338 to November 1340. At

1155-538: The Luxembourg government took the chance to obtain possession of the bones. In a cloak and dagger operation, the remains were moved to the crypt of the Notre-Dame Cathedral, Luxembourg . The inscription on the tomb reads: " D.O.M. Hoc Sub Altari Servatur Ioannes, Rex Bohemiæ, Comes Luxemburgensis, Henrici vii Imperatoris Filius, Caroli iv Imperatoris Pater Wenceslai, Et Sigismundi Imperatorum Avus, Princeps Animo Maximus, obiit mcccxl 30 au. " John

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1210-516: The Queen that Lord Lipá intended to overthrow John. Consequently, in 1315, John had Jindřich imprisoned. By 1318, John had reconciled with the nobility and recognised their rights, further establishing dualism of the Estates and a government division between the king and the nobles. Foreign politics, rather than Czech, appealed to John, as he was gifted at it. With the help of his father, Henry, John

1265-531: The Schlick castle into a stately home and laying out its garden. The author of the garden design is unknown. In 1632, Julius Henry also acquired the nearby Zákupy castle through marrying Anna Magdalena of Lobkowicz, the widow of the Zákupy's prior owner. Julius Henry and his son Julius Francis (1641–1689) also reconstructed this castle into a baroque stately home, with an impressive garden as well. In front of

1320-491: The Virgin Most Faithful dates from the late 13th century. It was reconstructed after fires between 1567 and 1572, and then rebuilt again in 1607–1609 and 1636. Several Renaissance tombstones have been preserved, the most valuable of which is the tombstone from 1521 with a Schlick epitaph . The Church of Saint James the Great from the 1220s was originally a Romanesque parish church. In the 16th century, it became

1375-511: The battle against the English at Crécy was lost and he better should flee to save his own life, John the Blind replied: " Absit, ut rex Boemie fugeret, sed illuc me ducite, ubi maior strepitus certaminis vigeret, Dominus sit nobiscum, nil timeamus, tantum filium meum diligenter custodite. ("Far be it that the King of Bohemia should run away. Instead, take me to the place where the noise of the battle

1430-483: The castle itself. It took till 1804, before extensive repairs were performed in the castle. Another fire in 1866 also prompted modifications to the castle. As a result, the castle lost most of its 17th and 18th century interior. In 1811, Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1769–1824) became owner of the Ostrov estate. However, he did not live at the castle. It was not until 1860, when the Grand Duchy of Tuscany

1485-642: The confusion of the French Revolution , the mortal remains were salvaged by the Boch industrialist family (founders of Villeroy & Boch , ennobled in 1892) and hidden in an attic room in Mettlach on the Saar River . The legend is that the abbey monks asked Pierre-Joseph Boch for this favour. His son Jean-François Boch met with the future King Frederick William IV of Prussia on his voyage through

1540-487: The construction of the Lauenburg block, but they also added a new wing, the so-called "palace of the princes." This three-wing building was constructed by the court architect Johan Sockh between 1693 and 1696. It is one storey high, and had one-storey higher square turrets, located at its corners. Other architects involved were Giulio Broggio, Christoph Dientenhofer, and Domenico Egidio Rossi (1679–1715). The latter became

1595-543: The country. The I/13 road (part of the European route E442 ) from Karlovy Vary to Liberec passes through the town. Ostrov is located on the interregional railway line Prague – Cheb . The landmark of the historic centre is the Ostrov Castle . It is an extensive complex of buildings with a castle park. An old guarding castle was rebuilt into a Renaissance residence at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries. In

1650-433: The country. In 1311, he reached an agreement with the Bohemian and Moravian aristocracy, referred to as the "inaugural diplomas", with which John restricted the relations of both the ruler and aristocracy. The aristocracy was, however, allowed to hold the right to elect the king, to decide the matter of extraordinary taxation, the right to their property, and the right to choose freely whether or not to offer military support to

1705-477: The couple from Nuremberg to Prague, John was thus forced to invade Bohemia on behalf of his wife Elizabeth. The Czech forces were able to gain control of Prague and depose the reigning king, Henry of Gorizia, King of Bohemia , on 3 December 1310. The deposed King Henry fled with his wife Anne of Bohemia (the sister of John's wife) to his duchy (the Duchy of Carinthia ). The coronation of John and Elizabeth to

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1760-628: The designer of the Rastatt palace as well. Besides the castle, Louis William and Sibylle Auguste also further expanded the garden by adding the White Gate and the Sight Wall, which was decorated with statues, of which only has survived until today. The garden was considered one of the most famous gardens in Bohemia. In 1715, Johan Sockh made various engravings and drawings of the castle and gardens, depicting how it looked like in its heyday. When

1815-842: The diet of electors. In return for his support, Louis, as the new emperor, promised the support in territorial claims of the Czech state in Silesia and Meissen as well as the region of Cheb and the Upper Palatinate . Later, in 1319, after the Brandenburg House of Ascania died out, John regained control over the Bautzen region and then the Görlitz region in 1329. In 1322/23, King John became unsettled by Louis's growing power and allied with France and Austria against him. The dispute would escalate with his son Charles claiming

1870-615: The governance of the Empire. This allowed John to reach further, and he contributed to the imperial coronation along with helping with the conclusion of the Italian territorial wars. In 1313, Henry died suddenly, ending this collaboration between him and John. However, through Henry's death, a spot for the imperial crown opened up, making John a possible candidate, the other two candidates being Fredrick of Habsburg and Louis of Bavaria . In attempts not to support Fredrick, John voted for Louis at

1925-428: The influence it gained after Wenceslas II died. The growing tensions within the aristocracy and the lack of communication due to John's consistent absence in Bohemia led to a competition between two factions of the Czech nobility. One party, led by Jindřich of Lipá , gained the trust of John. The other party, led by Vilém Zajíc of Valdek (Latin: Wilhelmus Lepus de Waldek ; German: Wilhelm Hase von Waldeck ), convinced

1980-451: The king in foreign wars. However, the aristocracy was encouraged to raise armies when peace within the country was threatened. On the other hand, the king's right to appoint a foreign official to office was abolished. John structured these agreements to provide a basis for consolidating the ruler's power within the Bohemian kingdom. The agreements weren't as successful as John intended. The aristocracy did not intend to surrender its property and

2035-463: The last Margrave of Baden-Baden, Augustus George , passed away in 1771, it no longer belonged to the House of Baden. As from 1789, the Ostrov estate became crown property. A fire broke out on 14 September 1795, the castle was heavily damaged and only minimal repairs were carried out, such temporarily roofing. The western wing of the palace of the princes was demolished, including the communication corridor

2090-495: The last great fire in 1866. From the 19th century to 1918, Ostrov belonged to one of the branches of the imperial House of Habsburg , the Grand Dukes of Tuscany . In the 19th century, the town was industrialized. A smelter, a cardboard factory and a porcelain factory were established. After World War I , being located in the historic region of Bohemia , Ostrov became part of newly established Czechoslovakia , although it had

2145-745: The most famous of Bohemia . Ostrov Castle was constructed by the Count of Schlick in the 15th century. From then the castle belonged to the Schlick family until the Battle of White Mountain in 1620, when their grounds were confiscated by Emperor Ferdinand II (1578–1637). In 1623, the emperor granted the Ostrov Castle and its surrounding estate to Julius Henry, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (1586–1665) in return for his military services. Sometime later, Julius Henry made Ostrov his main representative residence. In 1625, in order to enhance its magnificence and displays his substantial wealth, he started transforming

2200-404: The order of the battle, he said to them about him: 'Where is the lord Charles my son?' His men said: 'Sir, we cannot tell; we think he be fighting.' Then he said: 'Sirs, ye are my men, my companions and friends in this journey: I require you bring me so far forward, that I may strike one stroke with my sword.' They said they would do his commandment, and to the intent that they should not lose him in

2255-635: The original castle, Julius Henry added the so-called 'Lauenburg castle', a baroque wing. In the garden, he added the White Tower ( Czech : Letohrádek ), a baroque summerhouse. It was constructed between 1673 and 1679 basis a design of the Prague architect Abraham Leutner. The dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg owned the Ostrov estate until 1689, when duke Julius Francis passed away in Zákupy. Ostrov was inherited by Sibylle Auguste (1675–1733), who married Louis William (1655–1707), Margrave of Baden-Baden . Zákupy

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2310-399: The press, they tied all their reins of their bridles each to other and set the king before to accomplish his desire, and so they went on their enemies. The lord Charles of Bohemia his son, who wrote himself king of Almaine and bare the arms, he came in good order to the battle; but when he saw that the matter went awry on their party, he departed, I cannot tell you which way. The king his father

2365-489: The property was transferred to the Ostrov municipality. At the start of the 21st century, they started a large renovation with help of funds of the European Union . Today, the main castle buildings (the Schlick wings and the Lauenburg castle) contain a museum and offices of the Ostrov municipality. The palace of the princes houses the library, while the White Tower is now the municipal gallery. Ostrov Castle lies in

2420-432: The settlement became a royal town. This lasted until the 15th century, when the Schlick family bought the town. In 1625, the town was acquired by Julius Henry, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg . He decided to make Ostrov the residence of his house. He had rebuilt Ostrov Castle and extended, and founded a Piarist monastery with a Latin school. Today's appearance of the old town was determined mainly by construction activities after

2475-411: The south of the town and the garden stretches to the south and west. At the core of the castle is the original Schlick castle. Connected to this nucleus, is the Lauenburg castle to the south, and this has become now the main entrance. During the renovations at the start of the 21st century, the courtyard of the Lauenburg castle has been covered with a glass roof. The palace of the princes, the wing added by

2530-466: The territory. The southern part of the territory is rich in ponds. Ostrov was probably founded by Slauko I Hrabišic at the beginning of the 13th century. A hoax from the second half of the 13th century mentioned the Church of Saint James the Great in 1208, but the church was built in 1224–1226. The first trustworthy written mention of Ostrov is from 1269. During the rule of King Ottokar II of Bohemia ,

2585-535: The time of the Tuscan Habsburgs, various alterations were made to renovate the castle and its park. Leopold II was succeeded by his son, Grand Duke Ferdinand IV (1835–1908), who divided his time between Salzburg, Ostrov and his castle in Brandýs nad Labem . The last Habsburg owner was the son of Ferdinand IV, Archduke Joseph Ferdinand (1872–1942), but he did not live in Ostrov. Due to the aftermath of

2640-499: Was French by education but deeply involved in the politics of Germany . In 1310, his father arranged the marriage of 14-year-old John to Elizabeth of Bohemia . The wedding took place in Speyer, after which the newlyweds made their way to Prague accompanied by a group led by the experienced diplomat and expert on Czech issues, Peter of Aspelt , Archbishop of Mainz. Because the emperor had imperial Czech regiments accompany and protect

2695-648: Was able to pressure the Habsburgs into reaching an agreement over Moravia . He was also able to pressure the House of Wettin , princes of Saxony , to give over the territory lying to the northern border of the Czech state. John also decided to improve relations with the Silesian principalities close to Bohemia and Moravia in economic and political standings. The international spectrum was further broadened for John when his father named him Imperial Vicar , his deputy for

2750-421: Was annexed and became part of the Kingdom of Italy , that Grand Duke Leopold II (1797–1870) came to live in Ostrov Castle. He became so involved, that the people of Ostrov asked him to become mayor of Ostrov, which he accepted. He reopened the museum, arranged for children of poor families to go school, and in 1866, when fire touched the Ostrov town, he used his private wealth to have the worst repaired. During

2805-553: Was disliked by much of the Czech nobility. John was considered an "alien king" and gave up the administration of Bohemia after a while and embarked on a life of travel. He parted ways with his wife and left the Czech country to be ruled by the barons while spending time in Luxembourg and the French court. John's travels took him to Silesia , Poland , Lithuania , Tyrol , Northern Italy and Papal Avignon . A rival of King Władysław I

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2860-578: Was founded in 1644. The early Baroque complex includes the Church of the Annunciation from 1666–1673, the funeral Chapel of Saint Anne from 1644, the Chapel of Saint Florian from 1692–1693, and the Chapel of the Virgin Mary of Einsiedeln from 1709–1710. There are various expositions in the church and chapels, the convent building is closed to the public. The parish Church of Saint Michael and Mary,

2915-588: Was inherited by her sister Anna Maria Franziska (1672–1741), who was married to the last Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany, Gian Gastone (1671–1737). Louis William was the ruling Margrave of Baden-Baden in Germany and chief commander of the Imperial Army . He was also known as Türkenlouis (English: Turkish Louis ) for his numerous victories against Ottoman forces. As his residence in Baden-Baden ,

2970-465: Was married twice: First, to Elisabeth of Bohemia , the daughter of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia . In this marriage he had the following children: Second (December 1334), to Beatrice of Bourbon , daughter of Louis I, Duke of Bourbon . This marriage produced one son: His illegitimate son Nicolaus was Patriarch of Aquileia from 1350 to 1358. Ostrov Castle Ostrov Castle ( Czech : zámek Ostrov , German : Schloss Schlackenwerth )

3025-465: Was so far forward that he strake a stroke with his sword, yea and more than four, and fought valiantly and so did his company; and they adventured themselves so forward, that they were there all slain, and the next day they were found in the place about the king, and all their horses tied each to other. According to the Cronica ecclesiae Pragensis Benesii Krabice de Weitmile , when told by his aides that

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