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42-625: In 1821 districts were created in Hesse. They included the districts of Fritzlar , Homberg, Melsungen, and Ziegenhain. In 1932 the districts of Fritzlar and Homberg were merged; in 1974 the three districts of Fritzlar-Homberg, Melsungen, and Ziegenhain were merged into the Schwalm-Eder district. The district is twinned with the Finnish city of Kajaani , the British district of Sedgemoor , and

84-572: A battle near Fritzlar in 906, in which his father, Conrad, Duke of Thuringia the Elder, was killed. In 1079 Fritzlar ceased to be a crown possession when it was given to the archbishop of Mainz by Emperor Henry IV in the aftermath of his submission to the Pope at Canossa . It thus became a pivotal pillar in the long-lasting feuds between Mainz and the landgraves of Thuringia and later of Hesse for territorial supremacy in northern Hesse. Located in

126-417: A more precise definition: Arable land is the land under temporary agricultural crops (multiple-cropped areas are counted only once), temporary meadows for mowing or pasture , land under market and kitchen gardens and land temporarily fallow (less than five years). The abandoned land resulting from shifting cultivation is not included in this category. Data for 'Arable land' are not meant to indicate

168-537: A new and larger basilica was built at the site of St. Wigbert's church. It was the site of the imperial synod of 1118 at which the papal interdict of Henry V , who again had opposed the pope on the matter of investiture of bishops, was announced and ratified and where Saint Norbert of Xanten , founder of the order of the Premonstratensians ( Norbertines ) and later archbishop of Magdeburg , successfully defended himself against charges of heresy . At

210-473: A storied history. The town has a medieval center ringed by a wall with numerous watch towers. Thirty-eight meters (125 ft) high, the "Grey Tower" ("Grauer Turm") is the highest remaining urban defense tower in Germany. The city hall, first documented in 1109, with a stone relief of St. Martin , the town's patron saint, is the oldest in Germany still in use for its original purpose. The Gothic church of

252-403: Is an open-air none recycled water hydroponics relationship. The below described circumstances are not in perspective, have limited duration, and have a tendency to accumulate trace materials in soil that either there or elsewhere cause deoxygenation. The use of vast amounts of fertilizer may have unintended consequences for the environment by devastating rivers, waterways, and river endings through

294-462: Is not arable according to the FAO definition above includes: Other non-arable land includes land that is not suitable for any agricultural use. Land that is not arable, in the sense of lacking capability or suitability for cultivation for crop production, has one or more limitations – a lack of sufficient freshwater for irrigation, stoniness, steepness, adverse climate, excessive wetness with

336-434: Is the seawater greenhouse , which desalinates water through evaporation and condensation using solar energy as the only energy input. This technology is optimized to grow crops on desert land close to the sea. The use of artifices does not make the land arable. Rock still remains rock, and shallow – less than 6 feet (1.8 metres) – turnable soil is still not considered toilable. The use of artifice

378-416: Is unsuitable for cultivation, yet such land has value for grazing of livestock. In British Columbia, Canada, 41 percent of the provincial Agricultural Land Reserve area is unsuitable for the production of cultivated crops, but is suitable for uncultivated production of forage usable by grazing livestock. Similar examples can be found in many rangeland areas elsewhere. Land incapable of being cultivated for

420-558: Is vulnerable to land degradation and some types of un-arable land can be enriched to create useful land. Climate change and biodiversity loss , are driving pressure on arable land. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in 2013, the world's arable land amounted to 1.407 billion hectares, out of a total of 4.924 billion hectares of land used for agriculture. Agricultural land that

462-766: The Franks and the Saxons and the beginning of the German Empire that lasted until the Napoleonic wars. King Conrad I of Germany , duke of Franconia, had died in December 918 without a son and urged his brother, margrave Eberhard , who was to succeed him as Duke of Franconia, to nominate Henry as king, although they had been at odds with each other from 912 to 915 over the title to lands in Thuringia . Conrad's choice

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504-687: The Polish district of Piła . The Schwalm and Eder rivers give the district its name. After they merge close to Felsberg, the Eder enters the Fulda to the north at Edermunde . The southeast of the district includes a portion of the Knüllgebirge range of low mountains; the highest elevation is 634 metres (2,080 ft). In the north are the hills of the Homberger Hochland . The centre of

546-709: The German princes and church leaders during the early Middle Ages. Undoubtedly the most important of these was the Reichstag of 919 when Henry I (" Henry the Fowler "), duke of Saxony , was elected King of the Germans to succeed Charlemagne's Frankish successors on the throne of what had become known as the East Frankish Empire. This event marked the end of bitter rivalry between the two large German tribes of

588-483: The Germans, established a church and monastery dedicated to Saint Peter in Fritzlar in 724. The current Saint Peter's Church , constructed in the 11th century, is accompanied by a monument to Boniface. Boniface also established the first bishopric in Germany outside the boundaries of the old Roman Empire on a hill ( Büraburg ) across the Eder river, where a Frankish fortress and town provided protection, but after

630-597: The Kampfhubschrauberregiment 36 Kurhessen (Attack Helicopter Regiment 36) of the German Army . Town council consists of 37 councillors. As of the last municipal election held on 31 March 2021, the seats are apportioned thus: The town executive ( Magistrat ) consists of 10 members and the mayor. The current makeup of the Magistrat appears to be unavailable online. Mayor Hartmut Spogat (CDU)

672-437: The accumulation of non-degradable toxins and nitrogen-bearing molecules that remove oxygen and cause non-aerobic processes to form. Examples of infertile non-arable land being turned into fertile arable land include: One of the impacts of land degradation is that it can diminish the natural capacity of the land to store and filter water leading to water scarcity . Human-induced land degradation and water scarcity are increasing

714-491: The amount of land that is potentially cultivable. A more concise definition appearing in the Eurostat glossary similarly refers to actual rather than potential uses: "land worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly, generally under a system of crop rotation ". In Britain, arable land has traditionally been contrasted with pasturable land such as heaths , which could be used for sheep-rearing but not as farmland . Arable land

756-523: The border area between Frankish and Saxon territories and, following Martin Luther 's Reformation , a Roman Catholic enclave owned by the Archbishop of Mainz in the midst of Protestant Hesse, the town was frequently embattled, by Saxons and Franks, by Protestant and Catholic princes, and repeatedly sacked and rebuilt. The first major devastation occurred in 774, during Charlemagne's Saxon Wars . While

798-526: The colours reversed but showing the same "Double Wheel of Mainz ", and this recalls the centuries-long allegiance that Fritzlar owed the Archbishopric of Mainz. Farmland (farming) Arable land (from the Latin : arabilis , "able to be ploughed ") is any land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops. Alternatively, for the purposes of agricultural statistics, the term often has

840-433: The death of Witta , its first and only bishop, in 747 the bishopric was incorporated into the diocese (later archdiocese) of Mainz by Lullus , the disciple and successor of Boniface as archbishop of Mainz . The Benedictine monastery founded by Boniface in Fritzlar in 724 gained prominence as a center of religious and worldly learning under its first abbot, Saint Wigbert , who built the original stone basilica of 732 on

882-436: The desert, hydroponics , fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, pesticides , reverse osmosis water processors, PET film insulation or other insulation against heat and cold, digging ditches and hills for protection against the wind, and installing greenhouses with internal light and heat for protection against the cold outside and to provide light in cloudy areas. Such modifications are often prohibitively expensive. An alternative

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924-851: The district is largely rural, and is surrounded by the mountains of the Knüll, the Stölzinger Gebirge, and the Kellerwald with the 675 metre-high Wüstegarten mountain, the highest peak in the district. In the east, the geology of the Knüllgebirge is dominated by the clastic Triassic strata of the Middle Buntsandstein , as is the western region around the Gilserberg. Soils of weathered Buntsandstein are generally acidic to slightly basic and nutrient-poor. For

966-503: The early 18th century, the order of Ursuline nuns established a nunnery and school for girls. In 1803, when all ecclesiastic states in Germany were abolished , Fritzlar was incorporated, together with Naumburg, as the nominal Principality of Fritzlar into the Electorate (principality) of Hesse-Kassel ( Kurhessen or Hesse-Cassel). In 1821 it became the administrative center of the district (Kreis) Fritzlar. Hesse-Kassel in turn

1008-405: The impracticality of drainage, excessive salts, or a combination of these, among others. Although such limitations may preclude cultivation, and some will in some cases preclude any agricultural use, large areas unsuitable for cultivation may still be agriculturally productive. For example, United States NRCS statistics indicate that about 59 percent of US non-federal pasture and unforested rangeland

1050-520: The king was in Italy, the Saxons invaded Hesse and besieged Büraburg, where the population of Fritzlar had sought refuge. Failing to take the fortress, the Saxons destroyed Fritzlar, but not St. Wigbert's stone basilica. This gave rise to the legend that two angels had appeared to chase away the invaders and protect the church. The next happened in 1079. Emperor Henry IV, who frequently resided in Fritzlar,

1092-524: The most part the land is forested. In the district of Fritzlar there are outcrops of younger Upper Buntsandstein , known as the Röt Formation , because of its red colour. These strata consist of clay beds and various kinds of calcareous beds, interbedded with clayey marls . The coat of arms shows the lion of Hesse (azure a lion rampant crowned, barry of six argent and gules, armed or). Below are wavy lines (three bars wavy argent) that symbolise

1134-462: The neighboring villages, culminating with an outbreak of the black plague. The town's population dropped from about 2000 to merely 600, and it took 200 years before the inhabitants again numbered 2000. During the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) the town was occupied by French troops and parts of its fortifications were destroyed, along with the vineyards on the steep slope above the Eder river. In

1176-481: The old Franciscan monastery is today the Protestant parish church, and the monastery's other buildings have been converted into a modern hospital. Many houses in the town center, notably around the market square, date from the 15th to 17th centuries and have been carefully maintained or restored. The town is dominated by the imposing Romanesque-Gothic Church of St. Peter from the 12th-14th centuries. In 1974,

1218-402: The production of crops can sometimes be converted to arable land. New arable land makes more food and can reduce starvation . This outcome also makes a country more self-sufficient and politically independent, because food importation is reduced. Making non-arable land arable often involves digging new irrigation canals and new wells, aqueducts, desalination plants, planting trees for shade in

1260-418: The same synod, prince-bishop Otto of Bamberg was suspended for having remained loyal to Henry V during his quarrels with the papacy. This second basilica was radically reconstructed between 1180 and 1200, essentially in the form in which it is still found today, although a number of smaller additions and alterations have been made throughout the centuries since then. During the same period, from 1184 to 1196,

1302-427: The site of Boniface's wooden chapel. In 782 emperor Charlemagne granted it imperial protection and substantial territory, and this triggered the rapid development of the town around it. The monastery was converted into a college of secular canons ( Chorherrenstift ) in 1005, its members no longer living in monastic union and simplicity, but maintaining their own, and generally rather well-to-do, households in town in

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1344-485: The surrounding countryside. In the early 13th century, the Franciscans ( Friars Minor ) established a monastery in the town. They obtained permission to build their church and quarters directly up against the town wall, thereby obliterating the watch walk on the inside of the wall that was crucial for quickly moving defenders from one part of the wall to another. In exchange they had to agree to defend their part of

1386-531: The three districts of Fritzlar-Homberg, Melsungen and Ziegenhain were combined into the new district Schwalm-Eder , with its administrative seat in Homberg (Efze) . Today, Fritzlar is a service and market center for the surrounding area, with schools, hospital, and a sizeable military garrison with airfield which is the homebase of the Luftbewegliche Brigade 1 (1st Air Mobile Brigade) and

1428-564: The three main rivers in the district, the Schwalm , the Eder , and the Fulda . [REDACTED] Media related to Schwalm-Eder-Kreis at Wikimedia Commons Fritzlar Fritzlar ( German pronunciation: [ˈfʁɪt͡slaːɐ̯] ) is a small town (pop. 15,000) in the Schwalm-Eder district in northern Hesse , Germany , 160 km (99 mi) north of Frankfurt , with

1470-602: The town hosted the 14th Hessentag state festival. Fritzlar lies in northern Hesse, mainly on the north bank of the Eder river. Ten villages in the surrounding area were incorporated into the town in 1974, among them the former town of Züschen . The area is characterized by fertile farmland and mostly wooded basalt peaks, many of which are topped by mediaeval castles or castle ruins. Examples of these can be found at Gudensberg , Homberg , Felsberg , Heiligenberg , Altenburg , Jesberg , and Naumburg , among others. The Anglo-Saxon missionary Saint Boniface , apostle of

1512-430: The town was fortified by the construction of the first wall around its periphery. The next devastating blow was the sack of the town by Thuringian landgrave Conrad in 1232, when much of the population was killed and the town plundered. Mainz responded by immediately rebuilding and further fortifying the town, adding numerous towers to the walls and building seven watch towers and fortified refuges on strategic hills in

1554-731: The town's fortification in the event of a siege. The Franciscans were forced to leave when the Lutheran Reformation was introduced in 1522. Following the Counterreformation , Jesuits moved in during 1615, followed by the return of the Franciscans in 1619. The monastery was dissolved in 1811. Its splendid Gothic church, completed in 1244, today serves as the parish church for the town's Protestant Christians who purchased it in 1817/1824. The Thirty Year War (1618–1648) inflicted serious damage on Fritzlar and

1596-411: The vicinity of the church. Several imposing stone residences ( Curias ) built by wealthy canons during the 14th century survive to this day in the old part of the town. The canons' college was dissolved only in 1803. Located at the crossroads of several important trade routes and site of an imperial residence since Charlemagne , Fritzlar was a frequent site of royal visits and of assemblies and synods of

1638-729: Was annexed by Prussia in 1866, following the Austro-Prussian War in which the Elector had sided with Austria. In 1932 the district was merged with the neighboring district of Homberg to form the district of Fritzlar-Homberg . Between 1933 and 1945, the systematic marginalization, segregation, expulsion, and murder of the Jewish community of Fritzlar is documented in "Der antijüdische Rassenwahn Hitlers, Juden in Fritzlar und seinen Ortsteilen und ihre wenigen Freunde: Erweiterte Auflage Aug 15, 2014" by Paulgerhard Lohmann In 1974,

1680-451: Was faced with an insurrection led by the pretender king Rudolf of Swabia (Rudolf of Rheinfelden), who had been supported by the Pope. Having submitted to the Pope at Canossa in 1077, Henry had gone to Fritzlar. A papal legate was not able to arrange an end to the dispute, and in early 1079 an army of Saxons, partisans of Rudolf, attacked Henry in Fritzlar. He fled, and town and church were sacked and destroyed. Between about 1085 and 1118,

1722-411: Was reelected on 28 January 2018 with a 78.48% share of the vote. The FWG candidate Gert Rohde got 21.52% of the vote. The civic coat of arms shows two red wheels joined by a cross of the same colour and the whole set from upper left to lower right (or upper right to lower left, heraldically speaking) on a silver background. As such, it bears a keen likeness to Mainz 's civic coat of arms, simply having

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1764-517: Was respected by the Reichstag of 919, where Henry was proclaimed king by the leaders of the Franks and Saxons. Burchard I, Duke of Swabia quickly swore allegiance as well, but Duke Arnulf of Bavaria did not submit to Henry until the latter advanced with an army into Bavaria in 921. Conrad himself had risen to the position of duke of Franconia only after defeating the rival Babenberg counts in

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