67-449: The Meckesheim–Neckarelz railway is a branch line in northern Baden between Meckesheim and Aglasterhausen that used to run to Neckarelz . It was part of the former Baden Oldenwald Railway from Heidelberg to Würzburg , and thus a main line , which is why its trackbed was built for two tracks. The section remaining today also goes under the name of Schwarzbach Valley Railway ( German : Schwarzbachtalbahn ). The line runs on
134-566: A covert meeting at Plombières on 21 July 1858, Napoleon III and Cavour signed a secret treaty of alliance against Austria on 28 January 1859. France would help Piedmont-Sardinia, if attacked, to fight against Austria if Piedmont-Sardinia gave Nice and Savoy to France in return. The secret alliance served both countries by helping with the Sardinian-Piedmontese plan of unification of the Italian Peninsula under
201-595: A military alliance in January 1859. Sardinia mobilised its army on 9 March 1859, and Austria mobilized on 9 April. On 23 April, Austria delivered an ultimatum to Sardinia demanding its demobilization. Upon Sardinia's refusal, the war began on 26 April. Austria invaded Sardinia three days later, and France declared war on Austria on 3 May. The Austrian invasion was stopped by the arrival of French troops in Piedmont that had begun in late April. The Austrians were defeated at
268-428: A spur line . Branch lines may serve one or more industries, or a city or town not located on a main line. Branch lines may also connect two or more main lines. An industrial spur is a type of secondary track used by railroads to allow customers at a location to load and unload railcars without interfering with other railroad operations. Industrial spurs can vary greatly in length and railcar capacity depending on
335-510: A common sight along railroads in industrial and rural cities alike. As automobile and roadway technology improved throughout the early and mid-20th century, most low volume industry spurs were abandoned in favor of the greater flexibility and economic savings of trucking. Today, railroads remain the most economical way to ship large quantities of material, a fact that is reflected in industrial spurs. Most modern day spurs serve very large industries that require hundreds, if not thousands, of carloads
402-464: A mainline, they tend to have lower maintenance and signaling (train control) standards. Before the rise of the long-distance trucking in the early 1930s, railroads were the primary means of transportation around the world. Industries of the era were commonly built along railroad lines specifically to allow for easy access to shipping. Short (under a mile, oftentimes only several hundred yards) industrial spurs with very small (under ten car) capacities were
469-517: A result, Austria had to keep 30,000 troops in Transylvania , which could ill be spared from Italy. The French Army, under Marshal François Certain Canrobert , moved into Piedmont in the first massive military use of railways . The Austrian forces counted on a swift victory over the weaker Sardinian Army before French forces could arrive in Piedmont. However, Count Gyulai, the commander of
536-823: A section of the West Rail line . Discontinued services include the Sha Tau Kok Railway and the Wo Hop Shek Branch . A spur line to Siu Sai Wan has been proposed. Delhi On the Delhi Metro , the Blue Line has a Branch Line with 8 Stations, linking Yamuna Bank to Ghaziabad via Anand Vihar ISBT and terminating at Vaishali. The first section of the Branch opened on 8 January 2010 with Anand Vihar as its terminal with six stations. It
603-603: A single track was built. Construction of the Mörtelstein Tunnel and bridge across the Neckar between Obrigheim and Neckarelz were particularly costly. The lack of sufficient funds and the outbreak of the Second Italian War of Independence in northern Italy created a crisis for the project, even bringing construction to a standstill between 18 April and 20 October 1859. In 1861, a flood on the Neckar delayed
670-531: A subsidy for grain transport, and instead allowed railways to absorb branch line subsidies freely without making effort to improve the profitability of the lines. The term "grain-dependent branch lines" began being used as early as 1978 to refer to the special case of these branch lines in agricultural areas whose viability depended on the economics of grain transport. The Western Grain Transportation Act of 1983 addressed this case specifically, but
737-667: A total of three tunnels were built. The naming of the Kalksberg Tunnel is curious, as the tunnel runs under the Karlsberg (mountain), not the Kalksberg. On the remaining section of line there are just two bridges that are more than twenty metres long. One crosses the Elsenz between Meckenheim and Eschelbronn . The other bridge crosses federal highway 292 between Waibstadt and Neckarbischofsheim Nord. The biggest bridge on
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#1732787084048804-466: A year. There is an international branch line between Italy and Vatican: the 300-metre Vatican Railway , connecting from the Pisa-Rome railway mainline at Roma San Pietro railway station , to Vatican City station . Many British railway branch lines were closed as a result of the " Beeching cuts " in the 1960s, although some have been re-opened as heritage railways . The smallest branch line that
871-567: Is still in operation in the UK is the Stourbridge Town Branch Line from Stourbridge Junction going to Stourbridge Town . Operating on a single track, the journey is 0.8 miles (1.3 kilometres) long and the train takes around two and a half minutes to complete its journey. In North America, little-used branch lines are often sold by large railroads to become new common carrier short-line railroads of their own. Throughout
938-727: The Alessandria and Po bridges around Casale Monferrato forced the Austrians to halt their advance on 9 May and to fall back on 10 May. Napoleon III left Paris on 10 May, landed at Genoa on 12 May and arrived in Alessandria on 14 May. Napoleon then took the command of the operations of the war, whose first major clash was the Battle of Montebello on 20 May, between the Austrian IX Corps led by Karl von Urban (under
1005-670: The Battle of Magenta on 4 June and pushed back to Lombardy , where the Franco-Sardinian victory at the Battle of Solferino on 24 June resulted in the end of the war and the signing of the Armistice of Villafranca on 12 July. Austria ceded Lombardy to France, which, in turn, gave it to Sardinia. Exploiting the collapse of Austrian power in Italy, Sardinia annexed the United Provinces of Central Italy , consisting of
1072-532: The Bay of Plenty Region , lines were built inland to provide rail access to large logging operations. Today, many of the branch lines have been closed, including almost all of the general-purpose country lines. Those that remain serve ports or industries far from main lines such as coal mines, logging operations, large dairying factories, and steelworks . In Auckland and Wellington , two branch lines in each city exist solely for commuter passenger trains. For more, see
1139-552: The Crimean War . In the peace conference at Paris after the Crimean War, Cavour attempted to bring attention to efforts for Italian unification. He found Britain and France to be sympathetic but refusing to go against Austrian wishes, as any movement towards Italian independence would threaten Austria's territory of Lombardy–Venetia . Private talks between Napoleon III and Cavour after the conference identified Napoleon as
1206-753: The Gladstone Branch in New Jersey; as well as the New Canaan Branch , Danbury Branch , and Waterbury Branch in Connecticut . The Long Island Rail Road also refers to its services as "branches". In Chile, there are a lot of branch lines on its main line, of only a few remain operational. Most only operating in turistic services (like the Antilhue-Valdivia branch line), others have been taken over by other railways (like
1273-838: The Grand Duchy of Tuscany , the Duchy of Parma , the Duchy of Modena and Reggio and the Papal Legations, on 22 March 1860. Two days later, Sardinia ceded Savoy and Nice to France at the Treaty of Turin as compensation for its assistance. The Piedmontese, following their defeat by Austria in the First Italian War of Independence , recognized their need for allies. That led Prime Minister Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour to attempt to establish relations with other European powers, partially through Piedmont's participation in
1340-1048: The Grand Trunk , Canadian National , or Canadian Pacific ) which would acquire formerly independent short line railways for use as branch lines, with the short line often continuing to exist as a subsidiary. For example, when the Canadian Pacific acquired the Algoma Eastern Railway (a short line) in 1930, it soon after abandoned much of the Algoma Eastern mainline, but retained sections close to Algoma Eastern–Canadian Pacific junctions as short branch lines or spurs. The National Transportation Act of 1967 provided government subsidies for branch lines. Western railway development in Canada worked in concert with land settlement and cultivation, as pioneers were settled near railway lines, often on land
1407-464: The House of Savoy . It also weakened Austria, a fiery adversary of Napoleon III's French Second Empire . Cavour, being unable to get French help unless the Austrians attacked first, provoked Vienna by a series of military maneuvers close to the border. Sardinia mobilised its army on 9 March 1859. Austria mobilised on 9 April 1859 and issued an ultimatum on 23 April demanding the complete demobilisation of
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#17327870840481474-788: The North South Line between Jurong East and Choa Chu Kang stations was operated as a separate line, known as the Branch line . It was merged into the North–South Line with the opening of the Woodlands Extension in 1996. The future Jurong Region Line and Cross Island Line will also have branch lines. New Zealand once had a very extensive network of branch lines, especially in the South Island regions of Canterbury , Otago , and Southland . Many were built in
1541-726: The Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia against the Austrian Empire in 1859 and played a crucial part in the process of Italian Unification . A year prior to the war, in the Plombières Agreement , France agreed to support Sardinia's efforts to expel Austria from Italy in return for territorial compensation in the form of the Duchy of Savoy and the County of Nice . The two states signed
1608-704: The South Tseung Kwan O Spur Line to LOHAS Park station , opened in 2009. Earlier, a spur line was built in 1985 on the East Rail line to serve Racecourse station , bypassing Fo Tan station . Also, the Tsim Sha Tsui Extension [ yue ] was built in 2004 on the East Rail line to serve East Tsim Sha Tsui station . However, after the Kowloon Southern Link was completed in 2009, this spur line turns into
1675-664: The list of New Zealand railway lines . Second Italian War of Independence Franco-Sardinian victory The Second Italian War of Independence , also called the Sardinian War , the Austro-Sardinian War , the Franco-Austrian War , or the Italian War of 1859 (Italian: Seconda guerra d'indipendenza italiana ; German: Sardinischer Krieg ; French: Campagne d'Italie ), was fought by
1742-578: The 1950s the remaining line was increasingly served by railbuses . At that time Neckarbischofsheim station was renamed Neckarbischofsheim Nord station and a new station was opened between Aglasterhausen and Asbach at Daudenzell. The efforts of the Sinsheim district to have the bridge over the Neckar, which was destroyed in 1945, rebuilt were unsuccessful. Because of the maintenance costs, the Federal Ministry of Transport on 10 May 1971 authorised
1809-672: The Austrian troops in Lombardy , was very cautious and marched around the river Ticino in no specific direction until he crossed it to begin the offensive. Unfortunately for him, very heavy rains began to fall, which allowed the Piedmontese to flood the rice fields in front of his advance and slowed his army's march to a crawl. The Austrians, under Gyulai, captured Novara on 30 April and Vercelli on 2 May and advanced on Turin from 7 May onward. The Franco-Sardinian move to strengthen
1876-645: The II Corps, led by Patrice de MacMahon ; the III Corps, led by François Certain de Canrobert , the IV Corps; led by Adolphe Niel , and the V Corps, led by prince Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte . The Imperial Guard was commanded by Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély . Napoleon III participated in the war and showed up on the battlefield in the belief that it would motivate the French people during
1943-704: The Meckenheim–Neckarelz section into a de facto branch line in the following years, as trains on the Heidelberg–Würzburg route preferred to use the gentler Neckar Valley Railway. The section had the lowest traffic levels of any sections of the Baden Odenwald Railway. Despite its alignment making provision for double track, the line remained single-track. With the opening of the Neckar Valley Railway, Neckarelz station, which
2010-695: The San Rosendo-Talcahuano branch line, which has been taken over by Biotrén and the Laja-Talcahuano train service) however, there is one branch line that still remains as fully operative. The Talca-Constitución branch line, which uses trains with bus motors. Two extensions to the MTR rapid transit network were built as branches of existing lines: the Lok Ma Chau Spur Line to Lok Ma Chau station , which opened in 2007; and
2077-562: The Sardinian Army. When it was not heeded, Austria started a war against Sardinia on 26 April. The first French troops entered Piedmont on 25 April, and France declared war on Austria on 3 May. The French Army for the Italian campaign had 170,000 soldiers, 2,000 horsemen and 312 guns, half of the whole French army. The army, under the command of Napoleon III, divided into five corps: the I Corps, led by Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers ;
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2144-552: The Schwarzenbach valley to close to its source, before tunneling through the ridge and descending to the Neckar and crossing it to Mosbach. The line then continued to the north-east of Baden via Osterburken and Lauda to Würzburg. On 7 May 1858 the proposed route of the Odenwald Railway between Heidelberg and Mosbach was formally adopted. The plans for the line provided for two tracks from the beginning, but only
2211-623: The U.S. state of New Jersey . The line is a short branch of the Northeast Corridor Line , running from Princeton Junction northwest to Princeton with no intermediate stops. Also known as the "Dinky Line", at 2.9 mi (4.7 km) it is the shortest scheduled commuter rail line in the United States. The run takes 4 minutes, 47 seconds. Other than the Princeton Line, other surviving branch lines include
2278-601: The United Provinces of Central Italy including the ( Duchy of Parma , Duchy of Modena , Grand Duchy of Tuscany , and part of the Papal States ) were annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia, and France took its deferred rewards of Savoy and Nice . This latter move was vehemently opposed by Italian national hero Garibaldi, a native of Nice, and directly led to Garibaldi's expedition to Sicily , which would complete
2345-469: The United States and Canada, branch lines link smaller towns too distant from the main line to be served efficiently, or to serve a certain industrial site such as a power station either because of a location away from the main line or to reduce congestion. They were typically built to lower standards, using lighter rail and shallow roadbeds when compared to main lines. Much of Canada's branch line history relates to large rail transport conglomerates (such as
2412-497: The advance of the Allies, as it was the only permanent river crossing on a long section of the Neckar. Because of the relatively low importance of the railway it was not rebuilt after the war. After World War II the newly founded Deutsche Bundesbahn operated the remaining line between Meckesheim and Obrigheim. The section between Obrigheim and Neckarelz had been disused since 1945 and it was officially closed on 9 September 1949. From
2479-616: The armistice was signed on the following day - the Peace of Villafranca . Napoleon III signed the armistice with Austria at Villafranca for a combination of reasons. The Austrians had retreated to the Quadrilateral , which would be very costly to overrun. His absence in France had made the country vulnerable to attack. His actions in Italy were being criticised in France. He did not want Cavour and Piedmont to gain too much power, mostly at
2546-521: The border between the Kleiner Odenwald ("Little Odenwald ") and the Kraichgau regions. It is also now known as the Schwarzbach Valley Railway ( Schwarzbachtalbahn ) as the remaining section of the line follows the Schwarzbach , a right tributary of the Elsenz river. It also has no major engineering structures because it runs consistently in the valley between Meckenheim and Aglasterhausen. The now disused section between Aglasterhausen and Neckarelz had more difficult topographical conditions, however, so
2613-425: The closure for all traffic of the Aglasterhausen–Obrigheim section with its two tunnels, which was implemented at the timetable change of 25 September 1971. On 1 January 1982 the state-owned South-West German Railway Company ( Südwestdeutsche Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , SWEG) took over the line from Deutsche Bundesbahn under a 20-year lease. The Krebsbach Valley Railway from Neckarbischofsheim Nord to Hüffenhardt, which
2680-459: The completion of the bridge at Neckarelz. The Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway , which operated the line in Baden from 1840 to 1920, when it was absorbed by Deutsche Reichsbahn , opened the Odenwald Railway between Heidelberg and Mosbach on 23 October 1862. Traffic volume remained lower than expected, especially after 24 May 1879, when the Neckar Valley Railway opened on the Neckargemünd–Neckarsteinach–Eberbach–Neckarelz–Mosbach route, converting
2747-404: The expense of his men. He feared involvement of the German states. Most of Lombardy , with its capital, Milan , excluding only the Austrian fortresses of Mantua and Legnago and the surrounding territory, was transferred from Austria to France, which would immediately cede the territories to Sardinia. The rulers of Central Italy, who had been expelled by revolution shortly after the beginning of
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2814-449: The expired lease for the line was extended for one year only. From 1 August 2009 the entire passenger service on the line was closed and it was replaced by a temporary bus service. In December 2009 DB Regio took over the operation of the replacement bus service. Branch line A branch line is a secondary railway line which branches off a more important through route, usually a main line . A very short branch line may be called
2881-432: The first president of the Canadian National Railway , said that although most branch lines cannot pay for themselves, they are even essential to make main lines pay. In the United States, abandonment of unproductive branch lines was a byproduct of deregulation of the rail industry through the Staggers Act . The Princeton Branch is a commuter rail line and service owned and operated by New Jersey Transit (NJT) in
2948-405: The general command of Stadion) and Forey 's division, part of the French I Corps under marshal d'Hilliers. The Austrians retreated after 9 hours of combat when the Sardinian Cavalry under De Sonnaz arrived, which made Gyulai even more cautious. Napoleon III crossed the Ticino river after the Battle of Turbigo and entered Lombardy. He advanced with part of his force and sent many other troops to
3015-423: The government planned to close, was also operated by the SWEG. The lease of the Schwarzenbach Valley Railway to the SWEG was the first regionalisation of a state-owned railway in Germany. The SWEG modernised and streamlined operations to a large extent. For example, the timetabling was greatly improved. The modernisation measures allowed the SWEG to increase ridership and thus to preserve the route from closure. It
3082-407: The larger battle around Solferino, where, after a day-long battle, the French broke through. Ludwig von Benedek with the Austrian VIII Corps was separated from the main force and defended Pozzolengo against the Piedmontese part of the opposing army. It was successful, but the entire Austrian army retreated after the breakthrough at Solferino and withdrew back into the Quadrilateral. Meanwhile, in
3149-427: The late 19th century to open up inland regions for farming and other economic activities. The branches in the South Island regions were often general-purpose lines that carried predominantly agricultural traffic, but lines elsewhere were often built to serve a specific resource: on the West Coast , an extensive network of branch lines was built in rugged terrain to serve coal mines, while in the central North Island and
3216-438: The line used to be the bridge over the Neckar between Obrigheim and Neckarelz , which was blown up by the retreating German army in 1945. The remaining section of the line passes through relatively large towns and the stations are conveniently located for each centre, except for Neckarbischofsheim Nord station. Between Aglasterhausen and Neckarelz on the other hand, the intermediate station, except for Obrigheim, were far from
3283-456: The most likely candidate to aid Italy although he was still uncommitted. On 14 January 1858, Felice Orsini , an Italian, led an attempt on Napoleon III's life. The assassination attempt brought widespread sympathy for the Italian unity and had a profound effect on Napoleon III himself, who now was determined to help Piedmont against Austria to defuse the wider revolutionary activities, which governments in Italy might later allow to happen. After
3350-410: The north of Lombardy, the Italian volunteers of Giuseppe Garibaldi 's Hunters of the Alps defeated the Austrians at Varese and Como , and the Piedmontese-French Navy landed 3,000 soldiers and conquered the islands of Losinj (Lussino) and Cres (Cherso), in Dalmatia . After the Battle of Solferino, a cease fire was agreed on 8 July. The two emperors met on 11 July at Villafranca di Verona and
3417-491: The north to flank the Austrians. The Austrians planned a resistance before Milan, however they were defeated at the Battle of Magenta on 5 May, which caused Gyulai to retreat east of the river Mincio to the quadrilateral fortresses , where he was relieved of his post as commander by the Emperor Franz Josef , who assumed the command himself. The Piedmontese-French army took Milan and slowly marched further east to finish off Austria before Prussia could get involved. During
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#17327870840483484-432: The places they served, which were just very small villages. Therefore, the section had low utilisation, ultimately leading to its closure. The Krebsbach Valley Railway branched off from Neckarbischofsheim Nord station to Hüffenhardt . This station is not, however, even in the district of Neckarbischofsheim, but three km away in the district of Bernau in the neighbouring town of Waibstadt . The Meckenheim-Neckarelz route
3551-405: The preliminary Unification of Italy . The annexation of Nice to France caused the Niçard exodus , or the emigration of a quarter of the Niçard Italians to Italy, and the Niçard Vespers . During the war, Prussia also mobilized 132,000 men, but never joined the fighting. The weaknesses laid bare during the mobilization caused the Prussian Army to initiate military reforms. These reforms were
3618-456: The previous rulers, and France was unwilling to force them to do so. The Austrians were left to look on in frustration at the French failure to carry out the terms of the treaty. Austria had emerged triumphant after the suppression of liberal movements in 1849, but its status as a great power on the European scene was now seriously challenged and its influence in Italy severely weakened. As such, on 22 March 1860, with French and British approval,
3685-436: The railways had owned. However, by the mid-20th century, railways began neglecting lines in western agricultural regions. This was historically driven by factors such as the Crow Rate , which regulated the price railways could charge for shipping grain. Railways had little incentive to invest in rural Prairie branch lines, but were legally unable to abandon them under the National Transportation Act , which also did not provide
3752-507: The requirements of the customer the spur is serving. In heavily industrialized areas, it is not uncommon for one industrial spur to have multiple sidings to several different customers. Typically, spurs are serviced by local trains responsible for collecting small numbers of railcars and delivering them to a larger yard, where these railcars are sorted and dispatched in larger trains with other cars destined to similar locations. Because industrial spurs generally have less capacity and traffic than
3819-474: The retreat, the Austrians won one of their only victories of the war, when Karl von Urban defeated Giuseppe Garibaldi at the Battle of Treponti . The Austrians found out that the French had halted at Brescia and decided that they should counterattack along the river Chiese. The two armies met accidentally around Solferino , which precipitated a confused series of battles. A French corps held off three Austrian corps all day at Medole and kept them from joining
3886-426: The war, were to be restored. The agreement, made by Napoleon behind the backs of his Sardinian allies, led to great outrage in Piedmont-Sardinia, and Cavour resigned in protest. However, the Villafranca terms never took effect. Although they were reaffirmed by the final Treaty of Zürich in 11 November, the agreement had become a dead letter. The central Italian states were occupied by Piedmont, which would not restore
3953-543: The war. That would prove successful. The Sardinian Army had about 70,000 soldiers, 4,000 horsemen and 90 guns. It was divided into five divisions, led by Castelbrugo, Manfredo Fanti , Giovanni Durando , Enrico Cialdini and Domenico Cucchiari . Two volunteer formations, the Cacciatori delle Alpi and the Cacciatori degli Appennini , were also present. It was led by Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy , supported by Alfonso Ferrero la Marmora . The Austrian Army fielded more men with 220,000 soldiers, 824 guns and 22,000 horsemen. It
4020-418: Was a sub-camp of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp. Prisoners provided forced labour to an Obrigheim supplier of materials for a planned underground weapons factory with the code name of Goldfisch ("gold fish"). Finkenhof halt was established nearby on a siding between Obrigheim and Neckarelz. On 30 March 1945, German troops retreating to the southeast blew up the Neckarelz railway bridge to impede
4087-422: Was along the Neckar valley to the town of Eberbach , but this was ruled out because it ran through the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Between Heidelberg and Mosbach various routes were considered, one via Sinsheim , another via Mönchzell and Spechbach , a third to Aglasterhausen and along the Schwarzenbach valley. It was finally decided to follow the Neckar valley to Neckargemünd , the Elsenz valley to Meckenheim and
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#17327870840484154-484: Was built as part of the Odenwald Railway ( Odenwaldbahn ) from Heidelberg to Würzburg via Mosbach. It was built mainly at the insistence of Bavaria to connect with its former Rhine province of the Palatinate railway. Apart from closing the gap between Ludwigshafen at the end of the Palatine Ludwig Railway and Mannheim on the Rhine Valley Railway , a line was required to run east from the Rhine Valley Railway at Heidelberg to Würzburg. The best route in terms of topography
4221-399: Was further extended to Vaishali in 2011. The line is planned to be extended from Vaishali to Mohan Nagar via Sahibabad Station to link with the main line. The East West Line of the MRT system in Singapore has a two-station branch to Changi Airport . The first station, Expo , opened in 2001. It was extended to Changi Airport station the next year. From 1990 to 1996, the section of
4288-423: Was led by Field Marshal Ferenc Graf Gyulay . The newly-formed United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia also supported the Franco-Italian alliance. Their ruler, Alexandru Ioan Cuza , was given 10,000 rifles and ammunition by Napoleon III. Napoleon III, with his unwavering and very genuine sympathy, also sent a military mission to Bucharest . Encouraged, Cuza formed a new military camp at Ploiești . As
4355-413: Was originally planned to start Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn operations with class 425 electric multiple units of the new S 51 service on the Schwarzbach Valley Railway on 14 December 2009. Due to a delayed start of construction and the severe winter of 2009/10, however, the start-up of the S-Bahn was delayed to June 2010. The track was completely modernised and electrified for the opening of the S-Bahn. In 2002,
4422-438: Was previously located on the southern outskirts, was moved on to the new line and away from the old Odenwald Railway. In 1887 Neckarbischofsheim station was opened. The Krebsbach Valley Railway branch line was opened from Neckarbischofsheim to Hüffenhardt up the Krebsbach Valley on 15 October 1902, partly to serve the limestone quarries between the towns of Helmhof and Obergimpern. From 1944 to 1945 Neckarelz concentration camp
4489-411: Was repealed in 1994 in the wake of the North American Free Trade Agreement and budget-balancing initiatives in favour of a one-time payout by the federal government directly to farmers, to arrange transport of grain themselves. From the mid-1970s to the late 2010s, more than 9,300 kilometres (5,800 mi) of Prairie branch lines were abandoned or had a discontinuance of service. David Blyth Hanna ,
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