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23-566: Construction started in 1697 under the architect Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt and finished with alterations in 1728 under Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach . Construction was supervised by master builder Anton Erhard Martinelli . The palace was commissioned by the Obersthofmarschall Heinrich Franz Graf von Mansfeld and Prince von Fondi, but he died while the Palace was being built. The unfinished property

46-727: A considerable fortune serving the Spanish viceroy. Back in Austria in 1687, Fischer von Erlach was installed as a fashionable and sought-after architect. Commissions were plentiful, as royalty and highest echelons of aristocracy sought to repair the damage inflicted on their country residences by the Ottoman Turks in the course of their 1683 campaign . Fischer's understanding of an urbane Baroque idiom appeared superior to that prevalent in Central Europe , and in 1687 he secured

69-768: Is Karlskirche in Vienna, started in 1715, that most fully illustrates his late synthetic style. In this structure, completed by his son Joseph Emanuel , Fischer's ambition was to harmonize the principal elements and ideas that underlie the most significant churches in the history of Western architecture: the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem , Hagia Sophia in Constantinople , the Pantheon and Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome,

92-503: Is currently closed for refurbishment. A Palais Schwarzenberg in Prague also exists near the cathedral on top of the hill. 48°11′49″N 16°22′36″E  /  48.19694°N 16.37667°E  / 48.19694; 16.37667 This article about a palace in Austria is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt (14 November 1668 – 16 November 1745)

115-624: The Austrian capital, Vienna , where he worked for such noble families as the Dauns, Harrachs , Schönborns , and Starhembergs , and also Prince Eugene himself. In 1700, Hildebrandt became Hofburg court engineer, in 1711, head of the Court dept. of building, and in 1723, Hildebrandt became Hofburg Court architect. At the Hofburg, however, Hildebrandt could not assert himself against the rivalry of

138-572: The Kollegienkirche in Salzburg . Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach was born in Graz and baptized in the parish church of Heiligen Blut on 20 July 1656. His parents came from notable Graz families: his father was a provincial sculptor and artisan, his grandfather was a bookseller, and his mother was the daughter of a joiner and married to a sculptor before her second marriage. Raised in

161-690: The Netherlands, England in 1704 and Venice in 1707. Thus Fischer presided over the genesis and early evolution of a distinctive brand of Baroque architecture, which would shape the architectural tastes of the Austrian aristocracy for decades to come. His emblematic design from the 1690s was the Winter Palace of Prince Eugene of Savoy , commenced in 1695 in Vienna. As Hans Aurenhammer put it, this edifice represented "a new type of town palace characterized by impressive form, structural clarity, and

184-532: The development of the baroque style in south Germany and Austria . Hildebrandt was also involved in many great projects which were developed by other architects (e.g. Würzburg , Göttweig Abbey , Pommersfelden , Palais Schwarzenberg ). From 1713 to 1716, he was employed by the wealthy and powerful Kinsky family of Austria, building their residence, the Palais Kinsky , in Vienna . From 1723 on, he

207-609: The dynamic tension of its decoration". Fischer's expertise in town planning made itself felt in designs he executed for the Archbishop of Salzburg . Particularly accomplished are two churches, the Holy Trinity Church ( Dreifaltigkeitskirche ) (1694–1702) and the Kollegienkirche (Collegiate Church) (1696–1707), whose highly pitched domes and towers, convex facades , and dynamic forms irrevocably changed

230-409: The flourishing artistic environment of the late Italian Baroque . In 1671, at the age of sixteen, Johann moved to Rome and joined the workshop of his fellow Austrian Johann Paul Schor and of the great Gian Lorenzo Bernini , who gave him ample opportunities to study both ancient and modern sculpture and architecture. By 1685, he had followed Schor to Naples , where he was reported to have amassed

253-535: The key position of court architect, which he would retain in the service of three emperors . During the 1690s, which have been described as the most fruitful period of Fischer's career, he adapted the Italian Baroque to local needs and traditions. In 1690, he won great acclaim for two temporary triumphal arches constructed in Vienna to celebrate Joseph I 's coronation. He later personally instructed Joseph in architectural arts, so successfully that in 1696

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276-460: The monarch elevated Johann Fischer to the nobility, as Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach. In his 17th-century designs and commissions, Fischer von Erlach embraced Berniniesque's powerful curving lines, seeking to convey a sense of movement. His other inspirations included Mansart 's country residences and the Palladian classical villas , which he would study during his journeys to Prussia ,

299-509: The outline of Salzburg . They say that masses of stone were designed by Fischer so as to give the appearance of billows of cloud and smoke. The archbishop's country seat, Schloss Klessheim (1700–09), was also designed by him. Fischer's visit to Dalmatia brought back to Western Europe the influence of the classical Diocletian's Palace and provided Europe with one of the first professional architectural glimpses of this notable Roman monument. After Joseph I's death in 1711, Fischer von Erlach

322-739: The tradition of Styrian craftsmanship in a city of significant architectural achievements, Johann received his early training as a sculptor in the workshop of his father, Johann Baptist Fischer, who contributed to the interior sculptural decorations of the Landhaus and Eggenberg Palace in Graz. During the seventeenth century, the Princes of Eggenberg had emerged as important patrons of the arts in Styria ; through their patronage of Johann Baptist, they arranged for his talented son to travel to Italy and work in

345-399: The two Fischer von Erlachs (father Johann Bernhard and son Joseph Emanuel ) and worked mainly for aristocrats. Unlike the monumental works of Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach , Hildebrandt's works seem more committed at a personal level and include more decorative elements. This helped his popularity spread to the middle class. Hildebrandt united Italian and French elements and shaped

368-412: Was also made responsible for various administrative tasks, which would take a large portion of his energy and time. Clam-Gallas Palace in Prague , commenced in 1713, was one of his last designs for a stately town residence. Much imitated by later architects, the structure highlights Fischer's enthusiasm for Palladian facades, which became ever more pronounced during the last period of his work. But it

391-498: Was an Austrian baroque architect and military engineer who designed stately buildings and churches and whose work had a profound influence on the architecture of the Habsburg Empire in the eighteenth century. After studying in Rome under Carlo Fontana , he constructed fortresses for Prince Eugene of Savoy during his Italian campaigns, becoming his favorite architect. In 1700 he became court engineer in Vienna, and in 1711

414-568: Was an Austrian architect, sculptor, engraver, and architectural historian whose Baroque architecture profoundly influenced and shaped the tastes of the Habsburg Empire . His influential book A Plan of Civil and Historical Architecture (1721) was one of the first and most popular comparative studies of world architecture. His major works include Schönbrunn Palace , Karlskirche , and the Austrian National Library in Vienna , and Schloss Klessheim , Holy Trinity Church , and

437-589: Was born on 14 November 1668 in Genoa ( Republic of Genoa ). Hildebrandt was the son of an Italian mother and a German father. Hildebrandt studied under C. Fontana in Rome , and he studied civil and military engineering under Prince Eugene of Savoy also in Rome, and military engineering in Piedmont . Hildebrandt became the favorite architect of Prince Eugène. In 1696, Hildebrandt established himself thereafter in

460-441: Was finally bought in 1716 by Prince Adam Franz of Schwarzenberg , who had it completed. In 1751, a riding school and an orangery were added. The richly decorated Marmorgalerie (marble gallery) is one of the largest features in the palace. Until 2006, parts of it were a five star hotel, and the building has been used for festivities and events. It doubled as James Bond's hotel in the 1987 movie The Living Daylights . It

483-1099: Was inspector-general of the imperial buildings. His two best known works, the Upper Belvedere (1721–1722) and the Lower Belvedere (1714–1716), were both commissioned by Prince Eugene of Savoy . Hildebrandt also worked in Bavaria on the Pommersfelden castle known as Schloss Weißenstein . Hildebrandt built numerous city palaces in Vienna (e.g. Daun-Kinsky, 1716), his religious buildings are also of great importance ( St. Peter's Church and Maria Treu Piaristenchurch in Vienna, Teutonic Church in Linz , or Dominican Church in Gabel, Czech Republic ). Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt died on 16 November 1745 in Vienna . Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach (20 July 1656 – 5 April 1723)

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506-598: Was named head of the court department of building. He became court architect in 1723. His designs for palaces, estates, gardens, churches, chapels, and villas were widely imitated, and his architectural principles spread throughout central and southeast Europe. Among his more important works are Palais Schwarzenberg , St. Peter's Church , and Belvedere in Vienna, Savoy Castle in Ráckeve , Schönborn Palace in Göllersdorf, and Schloss Hof . Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt

529-436: Was rarely entrusted with new commissions, as the more pleasing and less demanding designs of his rival Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt proved more popular with the young monarch Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor and his court. He found an opportunity to draw some of the finest architectural reconstructions of the buildings of Antiquity, which were published in his groundbreaking Plan of Civil and Historical Architecture in 1721. He

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