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45-661: Emilia Schüle (born 28 November 1992 in Blagoveshchensk ) is a Russian-born German actress. Emilia Schüle was born in 1992 in Russia to an ethnic German family . When she was one year old, she moved to Berlin with her parents. She took professional dance classes in modern dance , street dance and ballet when she was eight years old. After she participated in the workshop Talents Getting Started in 2005, she appeared in several commercials for Arcor , IKEA , Clearasil and Deutsche Telekom . After further appearances in

90-523: A gold rush early in the 20th century and by its position on the Chinese border opposite the city of Heihe . Local historians noted the pre-eminence of Blagoveshchensk in the economy of the late 19th century Russian Far East , which was reflected when the heir to the Russian throne, Nicholas Alexandrovich (the future Tsar Nicholas II), visited in 1891 during his grand tour of Asiatic Russia , and

135-599: A buffer zone under control of the Russian SFSR . The city became the administrative center of Amur Oblast in 1932. During the Cultural Revolution in China, the city was subject to Maoist propaganda blasted from loudspeakers across the river 24 hours a day. Blagoveshchensk is the administrative center of the oblast and, within the framework of administrative divisions , it also serves as

180-560: A definite no. After that the matter was dropped. In 1799, when Adam Johann von Krusenstern visited Canton he saw an English ship that had brought furs from Russian America in five months as opposed to the two years or more for the Okhotsk–Yakutsk–Kyakhta route. He saw that this could replace the overland trade. He submitted a memoir to the Naval Ministry which led to his command of the first Russian circumnavigation. He

225-523: A miraculous icon of Our Lady of Albazin, which was prayed to continuously during the shelling which lasted almost two weeks. On 3 July ( Old Style ), a decision was made by the city's Police Chief Batarevich and the Military Governor Gribsky to deport the city's entire community of Qing subjects including ethnic Manchus , Daur people and Han, numbering 4,008 ), who were viewed as potential fifth columnists . As cross-river shipping

270-518: A monsoon-influenced hot-summer humid continental climate ( Köppen Dwa ), bordering on a monsoon-influenced warm-summer humid continental climate ( Dwb ) which it had before 1990. The climate is very strongly continental. The city features frigid, windy, but dry winters due to the influence of the Siberian high , and warm, wet summers, due to the East Asian monsoon . On 1 August 2011, it became

315-546: A public hearing was held at which citizens declared themselves to be in favor of a return to the direct election of the mayor. A meeting of deputies voted for rejection of the "two-headed" management. In September 2013, City Council voted for a return to the mayoral election of the mayor. The city is located at the confluence of the Amur and the Zeya Rivers, opposite to the Chinese city of Heihe. Blagoveschensk experiences

360-634: Is believed that more than 10,000 of these bandits, divided into companies of from 200 to 300 each and led by Japanese officers, are now in the pay of Japan. The city was also the site of conflict during the Russian Civil War , with Japanese troops occupying the city in support of the White Army . From 1920 until 1922, the city was declared part of the Far Eastern Republic , an area which was nominally independent, but in reality

405-577: Is hard to find on modern maps. The treaty had six paragraphs: 1 and 2: definition of the border, 3. Albazin to be abandoned and destroyed. 4. Refugees who arrived before the treaty to stay, those arriving after the treaty to be sent back. 5. Trade to be allowed with proper documents. 6. Boundary stones to be erected, and general exhortations to avoid conflict. The treaty was "a triumph of intercultural negotiation" that gave Russians access to Chinese markets for expensive furs; Russians purchased porcelain, silk, gold, silver, and tea as well as with provisions for

450-552: Is served by a branch highway and railway connecting it to Belogorsk on the Trans-Siberian Railway and Trans-Siberian Highway . It is also served by a river port. On the other side of the Amur River is Heihe , Heilongjiang Province , China, which is the starting point of China National Highway 202 that goes south to Harbin and Dalian . Ignatyevo Airport , located 20 kilometers (12 mi) northwest of

495-993: The Qing dynasty of China after the defeat of Russia by Qing China at the Siege of Albazin in 1686. The Russians gave up the area north of the Amur River as far as the Stanovoy Range and kept the area between the Argun River and Lake Baikal . This border along the Argun River and Stanovoy Range lasted until the Amur Annexation via the Treaty of Aigun in 1858 and the Convention of Peking in 1860. It opened markets for Russian goods in China, and gave Russians access to Chinese supplies and luxuries. The agreement

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540-477: The Treaty of Kiakhta fixed what is now the border of Mongolia west of the Argun and opened up the caravan trade. In 1858 ( Treaty of Aigun ) Russia annexed the land north of the Amur and in 1860 ( Treaty of Beijing ) took the coast down to Vladivostok . The current border runs along the Argun, Amur and Ussuri rivers. Treaty of Nerchinsk is written in other languages as follows: From about 1640, Russians entered

585-404: The administrative center of Blagoveshchensky District , even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is, together with six rural localities , incorporated separately as Blagoveshchensk Urban Okrug —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , this administrative unit also has urban okrug status. In July 2013,

630-608: The Aigun Treaty in 1858. The early residents of both sides of the Amur in the region of today's Blagoveshchensk were the Daurs and Duchers . An early settlement in the area of today's Blagoveshchensk was the Ducher town whose name was reported by the Russian explorer Yerofey Khabarov as Aytyun in 1652, as Aigun from 1683 to 1685, and as Aigun Old Town from 1685 until the massacre in 1900 , which known to Russian archaeologists as

675-574: The Amur basin from the north, into land claimed by the Qing dynasty which at this time were just beginning their conquest of the Ming dynasty . The Qing had, by the 1680s, completed the conquest of China proper and eliminated the last Ming successor states in the south. With the Qing dynasty now firmly in control of China, it was in a position to deal with what they saw as Russian encroachment in Manchuria ,

720-451: The Amur from China. Since the 1858 Aigun Treaty and the 1860 Treaty of Peking , the river has remained the border between the countries, although the Qing subjects were allowed to continue to live in the so-called Sixty-Four Villages east of the Amur and the Zeya (i.e., within today's Blagoveshchensk's eastern suburbs). Although Russian settlers had lived in the area as early as 1644 and

765-418: The Amur is at its narrowest—and make them leave Russia there. As the local ataman refused to provide boats to take them across the river (despite the orders of his superior), few of them made it to the Chinese side. The rest drowned in the Amur, or were shot or axed by the police, Cossacks and local volunteers, when refusing to leave the bank. Local Chinese memory holds that a massacre that took place then, at

810-469: The Amur region, to be named Blagoveshchensk (literally "the city of good news") after the parish church which was dedicated to the Annunciation . According to Blagoveshchensk authorities, by 1877 the city had some 8,000 residents, with merely 15 foreigners (presumably, Chinese) among them. The city was an important river port and trade center during the late 19th century, with growth further fueled by

855-532: The Amur was indefensible and were more interested in establishing profitable trade, which the Kangxi Emperor had threatened to block unless the border dispute were resolved. Golovin accepted the loss of the Amur in exchange for possession of Trans-Baikalia and access to Chinese markets for Russian traders. The Russians were also concerned with the military strength of the Qing dynasty, who had demonstrated their capability, in 1685 and 1686, by twice overrunning

900-727: The Chinese Honghuzi fought a guerilla war against Russian occupation and assisted the Japanese in the Russo-Japanese War against the Russians in revenge. Louis Livingston Seaman mentioned the massacre as being the reason for the Chinese Honghuzi hatred towards the Russians: The Chinaman, be he Hung-hutze or peasant, in his relation to the Russians in this conflict with Japan has not forgotten

945-572: The Grodekovo site, after the nearby village of Grodekovo some 25–30 km (16–19  mi ) southeast of Blagoveshchensk. The Grodekovo site is thought by archaeologists to have been populated since ca. 1000 CE. As the Russians tried to assert their control over the region, the Ducher town was probably vacated when the Duchers were evacuated by the Qing to the Sungari or Hurka in

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990-652: The Russian outpost at Albazin. At this time, Russia could not send large forces to the Far East, as they were launching a war with the Ottoman Empire. At the same time, the Dzungars captured Mongolia, threatening the Qing dynasty, so Russia and Qing dynasty were inclined to sign a peace treaty as soon as possible. The agreed boundary was the Argun River north to its confluence with the Shilka River , up

1035-806: The Shilka to the "Gorbitsa River", up the Gorbitsa to its headwaters, then along the east-west watershed through the Stanovoy Mountains and down the Uda River (Khabarovsk Krai) to the Sea of Okhotsk at its southwest corner. The border west of the Argun was not defined (at the time, this area was controlled by the Oirats). Neither side had very exact knowledge of the course of the Uda River. The Gorbitsa

1080-631: The West and East. Russian interest in the Amur River was revived in the 1750s. In 1757 Fedor Ivanovich Soimonov was sent to map the area. He mapped the Shilka , which was partly in Chinese territory, but was turned back when he reached its confluence with the Argun . In 1757 Vasili Fedorovich Bradishchev was sent to Peking to investigate the possibility of using the Amur. He was received cordially and given

1125-562: The ancient homeland of the ruling Aisin Gioro clan. By 1685 most of the Russians had been driven out of the area. After their first victory at Albazin in 1685, the Qing government sent two letters to the Tsar (in Latin) suggesting peace and demanding that Russian freebooters leave the Amur. The Russian government, knowing that the Amur could not be defended and being more concerned with events in

1170-469: The city center, serves domestic destinations. The Blagoveshchensk–Heihe Bridge , completed at the end of 2019, includes a 2-lane highway bridge over the Amur to link Blagoveshchensk and Heihe. The world's first international cable car to Heihe has also been proposed to open in 2022. Nerchinsk Treaty The Treaty of Nerchinsk of 1689 was the first treaty between the Tsardom of Russia and

1215-705: The fighting Golovin moved east to Nerchinsk where it was agreed that talks would take place. Qing troops with a size of 3,000 to 15,000 soldiers under the command of Songgotu left Peking on June 1689 and arrived in July. Talks went on from August 22 to September 6. The language used was Latin , the translators being, for the Russians, a Pole named Andrei Bielobocki and for the Chinese the Jesuits Jean-Francois Gerbillon and Thomas Pereira . To avoid problems of precedence, tents were erected side by side so that neither side would be seen as visiting

1260-613: The first city in the Russian Far East to be hit by a tornado. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the city's economic focus has turned to border trade with China. The town is now home to a large Chinese expatriate community. Blagoveshchensk is part of a free trade zone which includes the Chinese city of Heihe, located on the other side of the Amur River. Main industries in the town include metal and timber processing, as well as paper production. The city

1305-399: The hand of Cossacks, which killed so many that the Amur River was choked. According to Chinese sources, about 5,000 people reportedly died during these events of 4–8 July 1900. There were 1,266 households in the city, including 900 Daurs and 4,500 Manchus until the massacre. Many Manchu villages were burned by Cossacks in the massacre according to Victor Zatsepine. This expulsion of

1350-406: The local Chinese caused some hardships for Blagoveshchensk consumers. For example, during the second half of 1900 it became almost impossible to buy any green vegetables in the town, and ten eggs would cost 30-50 kopecks (and in winter, as much as a rouble), while before it had been possible to buy ten eggs for 10-15 kopecks. The massacre angered the Chinese, and had ramifications for the future:

1395-602: The locals presented him with bread and salt on a gold tray, rather than on a silver one as in other cities of the region. In the course of the Boxer Rebellion , the Qing Imperial army (made out of Manchus and Han Chinese) and Boxer insurgents shelled the city in July 1900. Chinese Honghuzi forces joined the attack against Blagoveshchensk. According to the Orthodox belief, the city was allegedly saved by

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1440-490: The mid-1650s. Since 1673, the Chinese re-used the site for their fort ("Old Aigun", in modern literature), which served in 1683-1685 as a base for the Manchus' campaign against the Russian fort of Albazin further north. After the capture of Albazin in 1685 or 1686, the Chinese relocated their town, to a new site on the right (southwestern, i.e. presently Chinese) bank of the Amur, about 3 miles (4.8 km) downstream from

1485-482: The northern garrisons. The cross-border trade created a multiethnic character to Nerchinsk and Kyakhta in Siberia. They became locales for the interaction of Russian, Central Asian, and Chinese cultures. The trade extended European economic expansion deep into Asia. Profitable trade fell off in the 1720s because the policies of Peter I limited private initiative and ended Siberia's role as a major economic link between

1530-541: The original Manchu heartland. They could ignore the area west of the Argun since it was then controlled by the Oirats. The Kangxi Emperor also wished to settle with Russia in order to free his hands to deal with the Dzungar Mongols of Central Asia, to his northwest. The Qing dynasty also wanted a delineated frontier to keep nomads and outlaws from fleeing across the border. The Russians, for their part, knew that

1575-558: The original site; it later became known as Aigun . The series of conflicts between Russians and China ended with Russia's recognition of the Chinese sovereignty over both sides of the Amur by the Nerchinsk Treaty of 1689. As the balance of power in the region had changed by the mid-19th century, the Russian Empire was able to take over the left (generally northern, but around Blagoveshchensk, eastern) bank of

1620-568: The other. Russian acceptance of the treaty required a relaxation of what had been, in Ming times, an iron rule of Chinese diplomacy, requiring the non-Chinese party to accept language which characterized the foreigner as an inferior or tributary. The conspicuous absence of such language from the Treaty, together with the absence of Chinese language or personnel, suggests that the Kangxi Emperor

1665-403: The river on the bodies of the floating dead." Not a Chinaman escaped, except forty who were employed by a leading foreign merchant who ransomed their lives at a thousand roubles each. These, and many even worse, atrocities are remembered and now is their moment for revenge. So it was easy for Japan to enlist the sympathy of these men, especially when emphasized by liberal pay, as is now the case. It

1710-666: The television movies Guten Morgen, Herr Grothe and Manatu  [ de ] where she got her first leading roles, she had her film breakthrough in 2008, when she starred next to Anke Engelke , Armin Rohde and Piet Klocke in the movie Freche Mädchen . Her next major role was in 2009 in the movie Gangs  [ de ] as Sophie, alongside the young actors and brothers, Wilson Gonzalez and Jimi Blue Ochsenknecht . In 2010 she appeared in Rock It! and Freche Mädchen 2  [ de ] . In September 2021, Schüle

1755-514: The terrible treatment accorded him since the Muscovite occupation of Manchuria. He still remembers the massacre at Blagovestchensk when nearly 8,000 unarmed men, women, and children were driven at the point of the bayonet into the raging Amur, until — as one of the Russian officers who participated in that brutal murder told me at Chin-Wang-Tao in 1900 — "the execution of my orders made me almost sick, for it seemed as though I could have walked across

1800-662: The west, sent Fyodor Golovin east as plenipotentiary . Golovin left Moscow in January 1686 with 500 streltsy and reached Selenginsk near Lake Baikal in October 1687, whence he sent couriers ahead. It was agreed the meeting would be in Selenginsk in 1688. At this point the Oirats (western Mongols) under Galdan attacked the eastern Mongols in the area between Selenginsk and Peking and negotiations had to be delayed. To avoid

1845-520: Was announced to play Marie Antoinette in the Canal+ and BBC series of the same name created by Deborah Davis. Undine Award Blagoveshchensk The Amur has formed Russia's border with China since the 1858 Aigun Treaty and the 1860 Treaty of Peking . The area north of the Amur belonged to the Manchu Qing dynasty by the Treaty of Nerchinsk of 1689 until it was ceded to Russia by

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1890-482: Was interrupted by the rebellion, the question arose how to get them from the Russian to the Chinese side of the Amur. Batarevich suggested that the deportees could be first taken east of the Zeya , where they should obtain boats from the local Chinese villagers. The plan, however, was vetoed by the governor, and the decision was made instead to take the deportees to the stanitsa of Verkhneblagoveshchenskaya—the place where

1935-466: Was known as Hailanpao ( Chinese : 海兰泡 ; simplified Chinese : 海兰泡 ; traditional Chinese : 海蘭泡 ; pinyin : Hǎilánpāo ), the present-day city began in 1856 as the military outpost of Ust-Zeysky ; this name means settlement at the mouth of the Zeya River in Russian. Tsar Alexander II gave approval for the founding of the city in 1858 as the seat of government for

1980-592: Was signed in Nerchinsk on 27 August 1689. The signatories were Songgotu on behalf of the Kangxi Emperor and Fyodor Golovin on behalf of the Russian tsars Peter I and Ivan V . The authoritative version was in Latin, with translations into Russian and Manchu, but these versions differed considerably. There was no official Chinese text for another two centuries, but the border markers were inscribed in Chinese along with Manchu, Russian and Latin. Later, in 1727,

2025-525: Was using the Manchu language to circumvent his conservative Han bureaucracy. The Yuan dynasty 's rule of Mongol tribes living around Lake Baikal was claimed by the Qing, who incited the defection of the Nerchinsk Onggut and Buryat Mongols away from the Russians. The Qing dynasty wished to remove the Russians from the Amur. They were interested in the Amur since it was the northern border of

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