119-582: Member for Cook (2007–2024) Prime Minister of Australia ( International trips ) Royal Commissions Elections Scott John Morrison (born 13 May 1968) is an Australian former politician who served as the 30th prime minister of Australia from 2018 to 2022. He held office as leader of the Liberal Party of Australia and was the member of parliament (MP) for the New South Wales division of Cook from 2007 until 2024. Morrison
238-581: A Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) honours degree in applied economic geography at the University of New South Wales . His honours thesis, a demographical analysis of Christian Brethren assemblies in Sydney, was deposited in the University of Manchester Library 's Christian Brethren Collection. Morrison contemplated studying theology at Regent College in Vancouver , Canada, but he instead chose to enter
357-688: A by-election . Morrison made his first overseas trip as prime minister less than a week after acceding to the office. He visited the Indonesian capital of Jakarta for the Australia–Indonesia Business Forum and met with President Joko Widodo , announcing the Indonesia–Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement that had been negotiated under the preceding Turnbull government. In October 2018, Morrison announced Australia
476-638: A censure motion against him. Morrison was born in the suburb of Waverley in Sydney , the younger of two sons born to Marion (née Smith) and John Douglas Morrison (1934–2020). His father was a policeman who served on the Waverley Municipal Council , including a single term as mayor. Morrison's maternal grandfather was born in New Zealand. His paternal grandmother was the niece of noted Australian poet Dame Mary Gilmore . In 2012, on
595-516: A drought in New South Wales . The Government of the state already gave more than $ 1 billion to help the farmers. The hotter and drier climate led to more fires. The fire seasons in Australia are lengthening and fire events became more frequent in the latest 30 years. These trends are probably linked to climate change. The 2019–20 Australian bushfire season was by some measures Australia's "worst bushfire season on record". In New South Wales,
714-408: A return period of between 350 and 400 years , whilst Lake Eyre filled for the first time in thirty years. In contrast, 1951, 1961 and 1965 were very dry, with complete monsoon failure in 1951/1952 and extreme drought in the interior during 1961 and 1965. Temperatures over this period initially fell to their lowest levels of the 20th century, with 1949 and 1956 being particularly cool, but then began
833-497: A "regrettable but necessary action." In response to the commission's findings, in April 2018 he announced the introduction of new criminal and civil penalties for financial misconduct, including potential prison sentences of 10 years for individuals and fines of up to $ 210 million for companies. Morrison handed down the 2018 Australian federal budget on 8 May, reporting a $ 14.5 billion deficit. He subsequently rejected calls to increase
952-518: A $ 25 million bailout of SPC Ardmona . On 18 September 2013, Morrison launched Operation Sovereign Borders , the new government's strategy aimed at stopping unauthorised boats from entering Australian waters. Cabinet documents from this time revealed in 2018 that Morrison asked for mitigation strategies to avoid granting permanent visas to 700 refugees. His office reported that there were 300 boats and 20,587 arrivals in 2013 to only 1 boat and 157 arrivals for all of 2014. The UNHCR expressed concerns that
1071-495: A boat to Australia [...] they will go to people who have come the right way." Morrison defended his use of the terms "illegal arrivals" and "illegal boats," saying that "I've always referred to illegal entry ... I've never claimed that it's illegal to claim asylum." During his time as Immigration Minister, Morrison's dealings with the media and accountability to the public were widely criticised by journalists, Labor and Greens senators, and others for refusing to provide details about
1190-451: A consequence of a La Niña weather pattern; however, "the country's 10-year average continues to demonstrate the rising trend in temperatures, with 2002–2011 likely to rank in the top two warmest 10-year periods on record for Australia, at 0.52 °C (0.94 °F) above the long-term average". Furthermore, 2014 was Australia's third warmest year since national temperature observations commenced in 1910. The Australian Government released
1309-522: A discussion with his wife Jenny Morrison where she said to him "you have to think about this as a father. What would you want to happen if it were our girls?" Porter resigned from his parliamentary position in September following concerns that he had accepted anonymous donations via a blind trust to pay for his legal expenses. The following month, Morrison and the Coalition successfully voted against
SECTION 10
#17327979237851428-474: A federal electorate named after him. For most of the first quarter-century of its existence, Cook was a marginal to fairly safe Liberal seat; it has been in Liberal hands for all but two terms. The Liberal majority ballooned with the party's national landslide victory at the 1996 general election , and since then Cook has been a "blue ribbon" safe seat for the Liberal Party. As of the 2019 federal election , it
1547-576: A former director of the New South Wales Liberal Party. Morrison won the seat at the election. Since 1984, federal electoral division boundaries in Australia have been determined at redistributions by a redistribution committee appointed by the Australian Electoral Commission . Redistributions occur for the boundaries of divisions in a particular state, and they occur every seven years, or sooner if
1666-632: A motion to investigate Porter's blind trust, in turn preventing the identities of the benefactors who donated to his legal costs from being revealed. The Speaker of the House of Representatives , Tony Smith , had determined that there was a prima facie case and, in voting down the motion, the Morrison government became the first government since Federation to refuse a referral from the Speaker. This decision attracted significant attention and criticism from
1785-403: A person who has "so flagrantly disregarded human rights." During May 2015, Morrison promoted his plan for a $ 3.5 billion overhaul of the childcare subsidies system. His substantial advertising efforts led to claims that he was overshadowing the role of Treasurer Joe Hockey . Morrison insisted that he did not desire to take over the position of Treasurer despite his strong performances. Morrison
1904-414: A report saying that up to 247,600 houses are at risk from flooding from a sea level rise of 1.1 metres. There were 39,000 buildings located within 110 metres of 'soft' erodible shorelines, at risk from a faster erosion due to sea level rise. Adaptive responses to this specific climate change threat are often incorporated in the coastal planning policies and recommendations at the state level. For instance,
2023-492: A reshuffle the following year, he became Minister for Social Services . He was later promoted to the role of Treasurer in September 2015, after Malcolm Turnbull replaced Abbott as prime minister. In August 2018, Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton unsuccessfully challenged Turnbull for the leadership of the Liberal Party. Leadership tensions continued, and the party voted to hold a second leadership ballot days later, with Turnbull choosing not to stand. In that ballot, Morrison
2142-406: A rising trend that has continued with few interruptions to the present. Since 1968, Australia's rainfall has been 15 per cent higher than between 1885 and 1967. The wettest periods have been from 1973 to 1975 and 1998 to 2001, which comprise seven of the thirteen wettest years over the continent since 1885. Overnight minimum temperatures, especially in winter, have been markedly higher than before
2261-423: A scenario where emissions continue to grow, such a year would be average by 2040 and exceptionally cool by 2060." Climate change probably also caused drier weather conditions in Australia by impacting Indian Ocean Dipole , which also increase fires. In average, below 2% of Australian forests burn annually. Climate change has increased the likelihood of the wildfires in 2019–2020 by at least 30%, but researchers said
2380-658: A state's representation entitlement changes or when divisions of a state are malapportioned. The division is located in the southern suburbs of Sydney , including Beverley Park , Burraneer , Caringbah , Caringbah South , Carss Park , Cronulla , Dolans Bay , Dolls Point , Greenhills Beach , Gymea Bay , Kangaroo Point , Kogarah Bay , Kurnell , Kyle Bay , Lilli Pilli , Miranda , Monterey , Port Hacking , Ramsgate , Ramsgate Beach , Sandringham , Sans Souci , Sylvania Waters , Taren Point , Woolooware , and Yowie Bay ; as well as parts of Blakehurst , Connells Point , Gymea , Kogarah , and Sylvania . On 16 April 2024
2499-561: A step up to our adaptation and finance policies in our systems to keep up with the drastic impacts of climate change for a sustainable development. Healthy and diverse vegetation is essential to river health and quality, and many of Australia's most important catchments are covered by native forest, maintaining a healthy ecosystem. Climate change will affect growth, species composition and pest incursion of native species and in turn, will profoundly affect water supply from these catchments. Increased re-afforestation in cleared catchments also has
SECTION 20
#17327979237852618-553: A year before the contract schedule. Morrison returned to Australia in 2000, to become state director of the New South Wales division of the Liberal Party . He oversaw the party's campaigns in the 2001 federal election and in the 2003 New South Wales state election . In 2004, Morrison left the NSW Liberal Party post to become the inaugural managing director of Tourism Australia , which had been established by
2737-470: Is "insufficient", domestic target is "almost sufficient", fair share target is "insufficient", and climate finance is "critically insufficient". This is because the Australian government has continued to invest in natural gas projects , refused to increase its 2030 domestic emissions target, and is not on track to meet its current target. Australia's instrumental record from 1885 to the present shows
2856-465: Is already the driest populated continent in the world. Rainfall in southwestern Australia has decreased by 10–20% since the 1970s, while southeastern Australia has also experienced a moderate decline since the 1990s. Rainfall is expected to become heavier and more infrequent, as well as more common in summer rather than in winter. In June 2008 it became known that an expert panel had warned of long-term, maybe irreversible, severe ecological damage for
2975-415: Is an increase in fire activity in Australia since 1950. The causes include "more dangerous fire weather conditions, increased risk factors associated with pyroconvection, including fire-generated thunderstorms, and increased ignitions from dry lightning, all associated to varying degrees with anthropogenic climate change". Firefighting officials are concerned that the effects of climate change will increase
3094-557: Is exacerbated by existing socio-economic disadvantages which are linked to colonial and post-colonial marginalisation. The communities most affected by climate changes are those in the North where Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people make up 30% of the population. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities located in the coastal north are the most disadvantaged due to social and economic issues and their reliance on traditional land for food, culture, and health. This has raised
3213-564: Is predicted, as deteriorating climate conditions are associated with reductions in habitat area for biodiversity. The Great Barrier Reef could be killed as a result of the rise in water temperature forecast by the IPCC. A UNESCO World Heritage Site , the reef has experienced unprecedented rates of bleaching over the past two decades, and additional warming of only 1 °C is anticipated to cause considerable losses or contractions of species associated with coral communities. The coral reefs of
3332-672: Is projected to decline during this time, while regions such as the northwest may experience increases in rainfall. Climate change is affecting the continent's environment and ecosystems. Australia is vulnerable to the effects of global warming projected for the next 50 to 100 years because of its extensive arid and semi-arid areas, and already warm climate , high annual rainfall variability. The continent's high fire risk increases this susceptibility to changes in temperature and climate. Meanwhile, Australia's coastlines will experience erosion and inundation from an estimated 8–88 cm increase in global sea level. Australia's unique ecosystems such as
3451-490: Is the safest metropolitan Coalition seat, with a 19-point swing needed for Labor to win it. The most prominent members were Dobie, who held the seat from its 1969 creation until his retirement in 1996 (with a brief break from 1972 to 1975); Bruce Baird , a former Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party of New South Wales before his move into Federal politics; and Scott Morrison MP, former Prime Minister of Australia 2018–2022. In 2007, following news of Baird's impending retirement,
3570-584: The 2007 election as a member of parliament (MP) for the division of Cook in New South Wales, and was quickly appointed to the shadow cabinet . After the Liberal-National coalition 's victory at the 2013 election , Morrison was appointed Minister for Immigration and Border Protection in the Abbott government , where he was responsible for implementing Operation Sovereign Borders . In
3689-580: The 2019–20 Australian bushfire season . Morrison's office initially declined to comment on the length of his trip and his whereabouts, citing security concerns, and made false claims that Morrison was not in Hawaii. After increasing criticism from opposition politicians and on social media regarding the holiday, Morrison released a statement on 20 December that stated he "deeply regret[ted] any offence caused" and that he would cut his holiday short to return to Australia on 21 December. On 22 November 2021, Leader of
Scott Morrison - Misplaced Pages Continue
3808-517: The Abbott government and included in cabinet . Based on a series of off-the-record interviews, in June 2014 Morrison was identified by Fairfax Media as the leader of an informal grouping of "economically moderate, or wet " government MPs, also including Greg Hunt , Stuart Robert , and Josh Frydenberg . It was linked with another moderate grouping led by Christopher Pyne . It was further reported that Morrison had unsuccessfully argued in cabinet for
3927-485: The Auditor-General found that "information had been kept from the board, procurement guidelines breached and private companies engaged before paperwork was signed and without appropriate value-for-money assessments". It was suggested that M&C Saatchi , which had previously worked with Morrison on the "100% Pure" campaign in New Zealand, received favourable treatment in the tendering process. In 2022, following
4046-731: The Australian Electoral Commission declared Simon Kennedy officially elected as the new member for Cook. 34°01′52″S 151°06′00″E / 34.031°S 151.100°E / -34.031; 151.100 Climate change in Australia Climate change has been a critical issue in Australia since the beginning of the 21st century. Australia is becoming hotter and more prone to extreme heat, bushfires , droughts, floods, and longer fire seasons because of climate change. Climate issues include wildfires , heatwaves , cyclones , rising sea levels , and erosion . Since
4165-555: The Australian Human Rights Commission delivered a report to the government which found that Morrison failed in his responsibility to act in the best interests of children in detention during his time as Minister. The overarching finding of the inquiry was that the prolonged, mandatory detention of asylum seeker children caused them significant mental and physical illness and developmental delays, in breach of Australia's international obligations. The report
4284-546: The Christchurch mosque shooter to his supporters at campaign rallies for upcoming local elections and said Australians and New Zealanders who came to Turkey with anti-Muslim sentiments "would be sent back in coffins like their grandfathers were" during the Gallipoli Campaign of World War I. Morrison led the Coalition into the 2019 election . At time of the writs being issued, the Coalition had been behind
4403-615: The Diverted Profits Tax Act 2017 and took effect on 1 July 2017. The new tax received criticism from some quarters, with the Corporate Tax Association stating that it would have "unpredictable outcomes" and negatively affect Australian business. In February 2017, Morrison addressed the House of Representatives while holding a lump of coal , stating "This is coal. Don't be afraid. Don't be scared. It won't hurt you," and accusing those concerned about
4522-554: The Great Barrier Reef and many animal species are also at risk. Climate change also has diverse implications for Australia's economy, agriculture and public health. Projected impacts include more severe floods , droughts , and cyclones. Furthermore, Australia's population is highly concentrated in coastal areas at risk from rising sea levels, and existing pressures on water supply will be exacerbated. The exposure of Indigenous Australians to climate change impacts
4641-542: The Howard government . His appointment was controversial due to its openly political nature. He signed an initial three-year contract. Morrison approved and defended the contentious " So where the bloody hell are you? " advertising campaign featuring Lara Bingle . His contract was terminated in July 2006, which at the time was attributed to conflict with tourism minister Fran Bailey over the government's plans to further integrate
4760-626: The Paris Agreement , although Australia has repeatedly ranked poorly in the Climate Change Performance Index and other international rankings for its climate targets and implementation. Adaptation can be performed at national and local levels and was identified as a priority for Australia in the 2007 Garnaut Review . Climate change has been a divisive or politicised issue in Australian politics since
4879-518: The Western Australia State Coastal Planning Policy established a sea level rise benchmark for initiatives that address the problem over a 100-year period. Lower projections indicate that sea levels will rise by 40 to 90 cm upon the end of the century Bureau of Meteorology records since the 1860s show that a 'severe' drought has occurred in Australia, on average, once every 18 years. Australia
Scott Morrison - Misplaced Pages Continue
4998-439: The ecosystems of Australia . For example, rising ocean temperatures and continual erosion of the coasts from higher water levels will cause further bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef . Beyond that, Australia's climate will become even harsher, with more powerful tropical cyclones and longer droughts. The Department of Climate Change said in its Climate Change Impacts and Costs fact sheet: "...ecologically rich sites, such as
5117-676: The environmental impact of the coal industry of having "an ideological, pathological fear of coal." He handed down the 2017 Australian federal budget in May 2017, reporting a $ 33.2 billion deficit. In December 2017, the government introduced the Royal Commission into Misconduct in the Banking, Superannuation and Financial Services Industry (popularly known as the Banking Royal Commission). Morrison originally opposed
5236-472: The ministerial positions controversy , Fran Bailey revealed that Morrison showed no respect for his colleagues at Tourism Australia and he left her feeling bullied, also confirming that he “point-blank refused” to provide her or the board with any documentation or to answer questions about how the ad campaign was awarded to Saatchi. This episode and, more generally, his career in marketing led to his satirical sobriquet , "Scotty from Marketing," originating with
5355-583: The satirical news website The Betoota Advocate in August 2018. It was taken up on Twitter in early 2019, and spiked at the height of the bushfire crisis on 29 December 2019. In January 2020, Morrison referred to the name as a "snarky comment" used by the Labor Party to discredit him. Morrison sought Liberal preselection for the division of Cook , an electorate in the southern suburbs of Sydney which includes Cronulla , Caringbah , and Miranda , for
5474-618: The 1960s, with 1973, 1980, 1988, 1991, 1998 and 2005 outstanding in this respect. There has been a marked decrease in the frequency of frost across Australia. According to the Bureau of Meteorology, Australia's annual mean temperature for 2009 was 0.9 °C above the 1961–90 average, making it the nation's second-warmest year since high-quality records began in 1910. According to the Bureau of Meteorology 's 2011 Australian Climate Statement, Australia had lower than average temperatures in 2011 as
5593-419: The 1970s, while southeastern Australia has also experienced a moderate decline since the 1990s. Rainfall is expected to become heavier and more infrequent, as well as more common in summer rather than in winter. Australia's annual average temperatures are projected to increase 0.4–2.0 °C above 1990 levels by the year 2030, and 1–6 °C by 2070. Average precipitation in the southwest and southeast Australia
5712-559: The 2000s, contributing to successive governments implementing and repealing mitigation policies such as carbon pricing . Some Australian media outlets have promoted climate misinformation . The issue has sparked protests in support of climate change policies, including some of the largest demonstrations in Australia's history. Greenhouse gas emissions by Australia totalled 533 million tonnes CO 2 -equivalent based on greenhouse gas national inventory report data for 2019; representing per capita CO 2 e emissions of 21 tons, three times
5831-626: The 2007 election, following the retirement of Bruce Baird , who had been the member since 1998. He lost the ballot to Michael Towke, a telecommunications engineer and the candidate of the Liberals' right faction, by 82 votes to 8. Paul Fletcher who came closest to Towke received 70 votes. Fletcher went on to win Liberal preselection for the North Shore seat of Bradfield . However, allegations surfaced that Towke had engaged in branch stacking and had embellished his resume. The state executive of
5950-532: The 50th anniversary of her death, he delivered a tribute to her in federal parliament. Morrison is descended from William Roberts, a convict who was convicted of stealing yarn and transported to Australia on the First Fleet in 1788. Morrison grew up in the suburb of Bronte . He had a brief career as a child actor, appearing in several television commercials and small roles in local shows. Morrison attended Sydney Boys High School before going on to complete
6069-710: The Gippsland. The period from 1922 to 1938 was exceptionally dry , with only 1930 having Australia-wide rainfall above the long-term mean and the Australia-wide average rainfall for these seventeen years being 15 to 20 per cent below that for other periods since 1885. This dry period is attributed in some sources to a weakening of the Southern Oscillation and in others to reduced sea surface temperatures . Temperatures in these three periods were generally cooler than they are currently, with 1925 having
SECTION 50
#17327979237856188-539: The Great Barrier Reef, Queensland Wet Tropics, Kakadu Wetlands, Australian Alpine areas, south-western Australia and sub- Antarctic islands are all at risk, with significant loss of biodiversity projected to occur by 2020". It also said: "Very conservatively, 90 Australian animal species have so far been identified at risk from climate change, including mammals, insects, birds, reptiles, fish, and amphibians from all parts of Australia." Australia has some of
6307-700: The Labor Party in most opinion polls for previous term of parliament, leading to widespread expectations that the Coalition would lose. However, in a significant upset, the Coalition retained its majority. This was considered to have been caused by the unpopularity of opposition leader Bill Shorten and Labor's failure to adapt to the re-framing of the election as a choice between Morrison and Shorten. Claiming victory on election night, Morrison stated that he had "always believed in miracles". In December 2019, Morrison faced criticism for taking an unannounced overseas holiday with his family to Hawaii , United States during
6426-475: The Liberal Party and prime minister-designate. Josh Frydenberg was elected as the party's deputy leader, in place of Bishop. Morrison was widely seen as a compromise candidate, who was agreeable to both the moderate supporters of Turnbull and Bishop and conservatives concerned about Dutton's electability. He was sworn in as prime minister on the evening of 24 August. Upon assumption of office, Morrison would become Australia's fifth prime minister in eleven years, and
6545-401: The Liberal Party disendorsed Towke and held a new pre-selection ballot, which Morrison won. The allegations subsequently proved to be false, and The Daily Telegraph was forced to pay an undisclosed amount to settle a defamation suit filed by Towke. At the general election, Morrison suffered a two-party swing of over six percent against Labor candidate Mark Buttigieg , but was able to retain
6664-470: The Mid-Year Economic and Fiscal Outlook (MYEFO) and White Paper on tax reform would arrive on time. In May 2016, Morrison handed down the 2016 Australian federal budget . It included the introduction of a 40 percent diverted profits tax (popularly known as the " Google tax "), which is an anti-avoidance measure designed to prevent base erosion and profit shifting . It was passed into law as
6783-480: The Northern Territory and Western Australia, strongly suggest that 1887 and 1890 were overall not as wet as 1974 or even 2000. In New South Wales and Queensland, however, the years 1886–1887 and 1889–1894 were indeed exceptionally wet. The heavy rainfall over this period has been linked with a major expansion of the sheep population and February 1893 saw the disastrous 1893 Brisbane flood . A drying of
6902-579: The Opposition Anthony Albanese accused Morrison of falsely claiming in Parliament that he had informed him that he was travelling to Hawaii. The Morrison government was widely criticised for its handling of the 2021 Australian Parliament House sexual misconduct allegations , with an Essential poll finding that 65% of respondents (including 76% of Labor supporters, 51% of Coalition supporters and 88% of Greens supporters) saying
7021-655: The Uyghurs in a meeting with Chinese Premier Li Keqiang in Singapore. In March 2019, Morrison condemned the Christchurch mosque shootings as an "extremist, right-wing violent terrorist attack". He also stated that Australians and New Zealanders were family and that the Australian authorities would be cooperating with New Zealand authorities to assist with the investigation. Morrison condemned "reckless" and "highly offensive" comments made by Turkey 's President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan . Erdoğan repeatedly showed video taken by
7140-700: The World Heritage-listed Lord Howe Island could be killed as a result of the rise in water temperature forecast by the IPCC. As of April 2019, approximately 5% of the coral is dead. According to the Climate Commission (now the Climate Council ) report in 2013, the extreme heatwaves, flooding and bushfires striking Australia have been intensified by climate change and will get worse in future in terms of their impacts on people, property, communities and
7259-523: The Year and sexual assault survivor advocate Grace Tame also criticised Morrison in a speech to the National Press Club, saying she did not believe he was creating an environment where victims were believed. She also said "It shouldn't take having children to have a conscience" in response to Morrison's statement that he'd been prompted to reflect on the issue and decide to listen to Tame after
SECTION 60
#17327979237857378-419: The additional results in Australia of a temperature rise of between 2 and 3 °C will be: A study conducted in 2024, suggests that worsening climate scenarios may have significant impacts on the habitat area for vertebrates and vascular plant species in Australia. This data suggests that in 2030, the habitat area among species appears consistent across climate scenarios, however, by 2090, a significant change
7497-596: The agency into the Australian Public Service . He had been awarded a pay rise by the Remuneration Tribunal three weeks before his sacking. A 2019 investigation by The Saturday Paper suggested Morrison was sacked due to concerns that Tourism Australia was not following government procurement guidelines for three contracts relating to the "So where the bloody hell are you?" campaign, with a total value of $ 184 million. A 2008 report from
7616-511: The average number of days when the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index rating is very high or extreme. It also found that the combined frequencies of days with very high and extreme FFDI ratings are likely to increase 4–25% by 2020 and 15–70% by 2050, and that the increase in fire-weather risk is generally largest inland. Former Australian Greens leader, Bob Brown said that the fires were "a sobering reminder of
7735-471: The beginning of the 20th century, Australia has experienced an increase of over 1.5 °C in average annual temperatures, with warming occurring at twice the rate over the past 50 years compared with the previous 50 years. Recent climate events such as extremely high temperatures and widespread drought have focused government and public attention on the effects of climate change in Australia . Rainfall in southwestern Australia has decreased by 10–20% since
7854-402: The behaviour of those currently on bridging visas while they await the determination of their claims. The new code of conduct was released by the immigration minister for more than 20,000 irregular maritime arrivals living in the community on bridging visas. Following the Coalition's victory at the 2013 federal election , Morrison was appointed Minister for Immigration and Border Protection in
7973-565: The bushfires and this made them one of the worst natural disasters in recorded history. The chance of reaching the climatic conditions that fuels the fires became more than four times bigger since the year 1900 and will become eight times more likely to occur if the temperature will rise by 2 degrees from the preindustrial level. In December 2019 the New South Wales Government declared a state of emergency after record-breaking temperatures and prolonged drought exacerbated
8092-511: The bushfires. In 2019 bushfires linked to climate change created air pollution 11 times higher that the hazardous level in many areas of New South Wales. Many medical groups called to protect people from "public health emergency" and moving on from fossil fuels. According to the United Nations Environment Programme the megafires in Australia in 2019–2020 are probably linked to climate change that created
8211-476: The caveat no longer applied. He failed to meet his ministerial responsibility to ensure that cabinet was properly informed about what the proposal actually entailed and to ensure that it was lawful." Morrison was appointed as Treasurer in the Turnbull government in September 2015, replacing Joe Hockey . In his first press conference as Treasurer, he indicated a reduction in government expenditure and stated that
8330-410: The change in climatic patterns, heat waves were found to be increasingly more frequent and severe, with an earlier start to the season and longer duration. Since temperatures began to be recorded in 1910, they have increased by an average of 1 °C, with most of this change occurring from 1950 onwards. This period has seen the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events increase. Summer 2013–14
8449-416: The climate took place from 1899 to 1921, though with some interruptions from wet El Niño years, especially between 1915 and early 1918 and in 1920–1921, when the wheat belt of the southern interior was drenched by its heaviest winter rains on record. Two major El Niño events in 1902 and 1905 produced the two driest years across the whole continent, whilst 1919 was similarly dry in the eastern States apart from
8568-722: The coolest minima of any year since 1910. However, the dry years of the 1920s and 1930s were also often quite warm, with 1928 and 1938 having particularly high maxima. The period from 1939 to 1967 began with an increase in rainfall: 1939, 1941 and 1942 were the first close-together group of relatively wet years since 1921. From 1943 to 1946, generally dry conditions returned, and the two decades from 1947 saw fluctuating rainfall. 1950, 1955 and 1956 were exceptionally wet except 1950 and 1956 over arid and wheatbelt regions of Western Australia. 1950 saw extraordinary rains in central New South Wales and most of Queensland : Dubbo 's 1950 rainfall of 1,329 mm (52.3 in) can be estimated to have
8687-443: The creation of a royal commission , believing that a Senate inquiry would be sufficient. He voted against a royal commission 23 times between April 2016 and June 2017, and in September 2016 described it as "nothing more than crass populism seeking to undermine confidence in the banking and financial system, which is key to jobs and growth in this country." In announcing that the royal commission would take place, Morrison described it as
8806-554: The disaster. Morrison also faced criticism for his response to the 2021 Parliament sexual misconduct allegations . During the COVID-19 pandemic , Morrison established the National Cabinet , and Australia received praise during 2020 for being one of the few Western countries to successfully suppress the virus, though the slow initial pace of the COVID-19 vaccination rollout was criticised. In foreign policy, Morrison oversaw
8925-412: The drought and water resources minister of Australia David Littleproud, said, that he "totally accepts" the link between climate change and drought in Australia because he "live it". He says that the drought in Australia is already eight years long. He called for a reduction in greenhouse gas emission and massive installation of renewable energy. Former leader of the nationalists Barnaby Joyce said that if
9044-434: The drought became more fierce and dams will not be built, the coalition risk "political annihilation". According to the 2022 IPCC report, there has been an increase in flooding episodes and other catastrophic weather events because of global warming. These unusual weather changes in include rainfall in the north and severe droughts in the south. Less rainfall means less streamflow of water for major cities. The IPCC recommends
9163-400: The exceptionally strong wildfires in 2019–2020 were impossible without the effects of climate change. More than one-fifth of Australian forests were burned in one season, which was completely unprecedented. They say that: "In the case of recent events in Australia, there is no doubt that the record temperatures of the past year would not be possible without anthropogenic influence, and that under
9282-424: The fires burnt through more land than any other blazes in the past 25 years, in addition to being the state's worst bushfire season on record. NSW also experienced the longest continuously burning bushfire complex in Australia's history, having burnt more than 4 million hectares (9,900,000 acres), with 70-metre-high (230 ft) flames being reported. Approximately 3 billion animals were killed or displaced by
9401-414: The following broad picture: Conditions from 1885 to 1898 were generally fairly wet, though less so than in the period since 1968. The only noticeably dry years in this era were 1888 and 1897. Although some coral core data suggest that 1887 and 1890 were, with 1974, the wettest years across the continent since settlement, rainfall data for Alice Springs , then the only major station covering the interior of
9520-457: The fourth prime minister in that time to enter office through a leadership spill. Several months later, Morrison introduced new criteria for leadership spills, requiring that a two-thirds majority vote from party members would be required to trigger one, in an attempt to stop "coup culture". Soon after Morrison was sworn in, Nationals backbencher Kevin Hogan moved to the crossbench in protest of
9639-488: The frequency and intensity of bushfires under even a "low global warming" scenario. A 2006 report, prepared by CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Bushfire CRC , and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, identified South Eastern Australia as one of the three most fire-prone areas in the world, and concluded that an increase in fire-weather risk is likely at most sites over the next several decades, including
9758-638: The global average. Coal was responsible for 30% of emissions. The national Greenhouse Gas Inventory estimates for the year to March 2021 were 494.2 million tonnes, which is 27.8 million tonnes, or 5.3%, lower than the previous year. It is 20.8% lower than in 2005 (the baseline year for the Paris Agreement). According to the government, the result reflects the decrease in transport emissions due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, reduced fugitive emissions, and reductions in emissions from electricity; however, there were increased greenhouse gas emissions from
9877-530: The government was more interested in protecting itself than women. As well as the Labor and Greens parties, the government faced criticism from within its own party. Former prime minister Malcolm Turnbull, who had been made aware of the allegations against Christian Porter in 2019, criticised him for taking too long to come forward. Former prime minister John Howard defended Morrison's decision not to open an independent inquiry into Porter's conduct. Australian of
9996-630: The land and agriculture sectors. Australia uses principally coal power for electricity , accounting for 66% of grid-connected electricity generation in 2020, but this is rapidly decreasing with a growing share of renewables making up the energy supply mix, and most existing coal-fired power station scheduled to cease operation between 2022 and 2048 . Emissions by the country have started to fall and are expected to continue to fall in coming years as more renewable projects come online. Climate Action Tracker rates Australia's overall commitment to emissions reduction as "insufficient". Policies and action
10115-416: The latter was managed by Bruce Baird , whom he would eventually succeed in federal parliament. In 1998, Morrison moved to New Zealand to become director of the newly created Office of Tourism and Sport. He formed a close relationship with New Zealand's tourism minister , Murray McCully , and was involved with the creation of the long-running " 100% Pure New Zealand " campaign. He left this position in 2000,
10234-466: The leadership if a spill motion were passed. Dutton, Morrison and Julie Bishop announced they would stand for the leadership if that were the case. A spill motion was passed on 24 August by 45 votes to 40, and Turnbull did not run as a candidate in the resulting leadership vote. On the first ballot, Dutton received 38 votes, Morrison 36 votes, and Bishop 11 votes. On the second ballot, Morrison received 45 votes and Dutton 40 votes. He thus became leader of
10353-436: The matters within his portfolio. Morrison asserted that to reveal details of operations would be to play into the hands of people smugglers who used this information to plan illegal smuggling operations. On many occasions Morrison refused to answer questions about the status of asylum seekers or boats coming to and from Australia, often on the basis that he would not disclose "on water" or "operational" matters. In November 2014,
10472-557: The media. Division of Cook The Division of Cook is an Australian electoral division in the State of New South Wales . Cook was created in 1969, mostly out of the Liberal -leaning areas of neighbouring Hughes . It was thus a natural choice for that seat's one-term Liberal member, Don Dobie , to transfer after the creation of Cook erased his majority in Hughes. The division
10591-417: The need for this nation and the whole world to act and put at a priority the need to tackle climate change". The Black Saturday Royal Commission recommended that "the amount of fuel-reduction burning done on public land each year should be more than doubled". In 2018, the fire season in Australia began in the winter. August 2018 was hotter and windier than the average. Those meteorological conditions led to
10710-523: The power to return asylum seekers to their place of origin, detain asylum seekers without charge, and refuse asylum seekers who arrive by boat access to the Refugee Review Tribunal. The bill reintroduced temporary protection visas to deal specifically with the backlog of 30,000 people who had arrived under the previous Labor government but who had yet to be processed. The bill allowed those on bridging visas to apply for work, and increased
10829-512: The practice may violate the Refugee Convention . In September 2014, it was reported that zero asylum seekers had died at sea since December 2013, compared with more than 1,100 deaths between 2008 and 2013. The annual refugee intake, which had been increased to 20,000 for 2012–13 by the previous government, was reduced to 13,750, the level it had been in 2011–12. Morrison stated that "Not one of those places will go to anyone who comes on
10948-492: The proposal to cabinet without necessary information as to what it actually entailed and without the caveat that it required legislative and policy change to permit the use of the ATO PAYG data in the way proposed in circumstances where: he knew that the proposal still involved income averaging; only a few weeks previously he had been told of that caveat; nothing had changed in the proposal; and he had done nothing to ascertain why
11067-449: The prospect for water losses. Between 1970 and 2024, 28% of Australia's Hydrological Reference Stations showed a significant decrease in streamflow while 4% showed a significant increase. The stations with increases were all in northern Australia while those with decreases were largely in southern Australia. The CSIRO predicted that the additional effects in Australia of a temperature rise of between only 1 and 2 °C will be: There
11186-430: The question for many community members in these areas, "Should we stay or move away?" Australia is also a contributor to climate change, with its greenhouse gas emissions per capita above the world average. The country is highly reliant on coal and other fossil fuels , although renewable energy coverage is increasing. National mitigation efforts include a commitment to achieving net zero emissions by 2050 under
11305-579: The rate of the Newstart Allowance , saying "my priority is to give tax relief to people who are working and paying taxes." Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull called a leadership spill on 21 August 2018 in order to gauge the confidence of the Liberal Party in his leadership. He defeated challenger Peter Dutton by 48 votes to 35. Over the following days, there was repeated speculation about a second spill being called, without Turnbull's approval. Turnbull announced two days later that he would resign
11424-607: The refugee intake to 18,750. In a cabinet reshuffle in late December 2014, Morrison was appointed the Minister for Social Services and ceased to be Minister for Immigration and Border Protection. As minister, Morrison changed indexation changes to the Family Tax Benefits payment. In April 2015, he announced the introduction of the " No Jab, No Pay " policy, which withholds family and childcare benefits from parents who do not vaccinate their children. His time as minister
11543-403: The result is probably conservative. Rainfall patterns and the degree of droughts and storms brought about by extreme weather conditions are likely to be affected. The CSIRO predicts that a temperature rise of between 2 and 3 °C on the Australian continent could incur some of the following extreme weather occurrences, in addition to standard patterns: A report in 2014 revealed that, due to
11662-436: The same month, it was revealed that Morrison had "urged the shadow cabinet to capitalise on the electorate's growing concerns" about Muslims and appeal to the public perception of their "inability to integrate" to gain votes. In February 2013, Morrison said that the police should be notified of where asylum seekers are living in the community if any antisocial behaviour has occurred, and that there should be strict guidelines for
11781-420: The seat attracted significant media attention, thanks to the controversial preselection of Liberal candidate Michael Towke. Allegations surfaced to the effect that Towke had engaged in branch-stacking and had embellished his curriculum vitae; although these allegations were subsequently proven false, the damage was done. In August 2007, Towke was disendorsed as the Liberal candidate and was replaced with Morrison,
11900-582: The seat on the strength of winning 52 percent of the primary vote. In 2022, Towke accused Morrison of engaging in "racial vilification" during the 2007 preselection, including "saying Mr Morrison told party members they should not vote for him because he was from a Lebanese family and because of rumours he was a Muslim", a claim Morrison denied. In September 2008, Morrison was appointed to Malcolm Turnbull 's coalition front bench as shadow minister for housing and local government. In December 2009, he became shadow minister for immigration and citizenship, coming into
12019-544: The shadow cabinet for the first time during Tony Abbott 's first cabinet reshuffle shortly after winning the leadership. In December 2010, forty-eight asylum seekers died in the Christmas Island boat disaster . In February 2011, Morrison publicly questioned the decision of the Gillard Labor government to pay for the relatives of the victims to travel to funerals in Sydney, arguing that the same privilege
12138-493: The signing of the AUKUS security pact and increased tensions between Australia and China and Australia and France . Morrison directed logistical support to Ukraine as part of the international effort against Russia in the wake of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . Morrison has also been criticised for his government's response to the 2022 eastern Australia floods , and his perceived inaction on climate change . The government
12257-442: The summer of 2013–2014 was the third-hottest on record for Victoria, fifth-warmest on record for New South Wales, and sixth-warmest on record for South Australia. This heatwave has been directly linked to climate change, which is unusual for specific weather events. Following the 2014 event, it was predicted that temperatures might increase by up to 1.5 °C by 2030. 2015 was Australia's fifth-hottest year on record, continuing
12376-418: The trend of record-breaking high temperatures across the country. According to Australian Climate Council in 2017 Australia had its warmest winter on record, in terms of average maximum temperatures, reaching nearly 2 °C above average. January 2019 was the hottest month ever in Australia with average temperatures exceeding 30 °C (86 °F). Sustained climate change could have drastic effects on
12495-680: The unusually dry and hot weather conditions. This is part of a global trend. Brazil , the United States , the Russian Federation , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo all face similar problems. By the second week of January the fires burned a territory of approximately 100,000 square kilometres close to the territory of England, killed one billion animals and caused large economic damage. Researchers claim that
12614-458: The wave of Liberal spills. Although Hogan continued to support the Coalition on confidence and supply and remained in the National party room, his departure to the crossbench and Turnbull's retirement from politics reduced the Coalition to a minority government of 74 seats. The Morrison government remained in minority after Turnbull's seat of Wentworth was lost to independent Kerryn Phelps at
12733-490: The whole Murray-Darling basin if it did not receive sufficient water by October of that year. Water restrictions were in place in many regions and cities of Australia in response to chronic shortages resulting from the 2008 drought . In 2004 paleontologist Tim Flannery predicted that unless it made drastic changes the city of Perth , Western Australia, could become the world's first ghost metropolis —an abandoned city with no more water to sustain its population. In 2019
12852-632: The workforce after completing his undergraduate education, in part due to the disapproval of his father. After graduating from university, Morrison worked as national policy and research manager for the Property Council of Australia from 1989 to 1995. He then moved into tourism, serving as deputy chief executive of the Australian Tourism Task Force and then general manager of the Tourism Council of Australia;
12971-492: The world's most diverse ecosystems and natural habitats, and it may be this variety that makes them the Earth's most fragile and at-risk when exposed to climate change. The Great Barrier Reef is a prime example. Over the past 20 years it has experienced unparalleled rates of bleaching . Additional warming of 1 °C is expected to cause substantial losses of species and of associated coral communities. The CSIRO predicts that
13090-626: Was born in Sydney and studied economic geography at the University of New South Wales . He worked as director of the New Zealand Office of Tourism and Sport from 1998 to 2000 and was managing director of Tourism Australia from 2004 to 2006. Morrison also was state director of the New South Wales Liberal Party from 2000 to 2004. He was first elected to the Australian House of Representatives at
13209-851: Was criticised by Tony Abbott as being politically motivated, with regard to the timing of the report's release after the Abbott government had taken office. The government released the report publicly in February 2015. In early December 2014, Morrison had the Migration and Maritime Powers Legislation Amendment (Resolving the Asylum Legacy Caseload) Bill 2014 passed through the Australian Parliament. The bill gave Morrison more power than any previous minister in dealing with people seeking asylum in Australia, including
13328-468: Was criticised by his opposition counterpart Jenny Macklin , who said that "Scott Morrison was appointed to clean up Kevin Andrews ' mess but left behind more chaos, confusion and cuts." In March 2015, three hundred alumni of Sydney Boys High School signed a letter protesting Morrison's attendance at an alumni fund-raising event. The protest letter expressed the opinion that the school should not celebrate
13447-477: Was defeated at the 2022 election and Morrison stepped down as leader of the Liberal Party; Peter Dutton was elected unopposed to replace him. On 23 January 2024, he announced his departure from politics altogether, and resigned his seat of Cook on 28 February 2024. After leaving office, Morrison became involved in a scandal after it was revealed that he had secretly held several ministerial positions while serving as prime minister , which led to Parliament passing
13566-428: Was named in honour of James Cook , who mapped the east coast of Australia in 1770. In 2006, the Australian Electoral Commission 's Redistribution Committee for New South Wales proposed that the division be jointly named for Joseph Cook , Prime Minister of Australia from 1913 to 1914. However as of 2023 no such action has been taken, and therefore Joseph Cook remains the only eligible Prime Minister who does not have
13685-414: Was not extended to Australian citizens. After fellow Liberal and shadow treasurer Joe Hockey disagreed with Morrison's statements, Morrison said that the timing of his comments was insensitive, but did not back away from the comments themselves. Other Liberal Party members including former prime minister Malcolm Fraser and former opposition leader John Hewson also criticised Morrison for his comments. In
13804-480: Was reviewing whether to move Australia's embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem , and recognising Jerusalem as the capital of Israel . In December 2018, Morrison announced Australia has recognised West Jerusalem as the capital of Israel but will not immediately move its embassy from Tel Aviv. In November 2018, Morrison privately raised the issue of Xinjiang internment camps and human rights abuses against
13923-406: Was seen as a compromise candidate and defeated both Dutton and Foreign Minister Julie Bishop to become party leader and thus prime minister in August 2018. Morrison won a second term after leading the Coalition to an upset victory in the 2019 election . Morrison drew near unanimous condemnation for taking a holiday during Australia's 2019–20 bushfire season and for his government's response to
14042-531: Was the minister who established the Robodebt scheme that sent out an estimated 526,000 incorrect automated debt notices to mostly low-income Australians. This scheme was later found by the Royal Commission into the Robodebt Scheme to be unlawful and "cruel and crude". The Royal Commission report stated that "Mr Morrison allowed cabinet to be misled because he did not make that obvious inquiry. He took
14161-590: Was warmer than average for the entirety of Australia. Both Victoria and South Australia saw record-breaking temperatures. Adelaide recorded a total of 13 days reaching 40 °C or more, 11 of which reached 42 °C or more, as well as its fifth-hottest day on record—45.1 °C on 14 January. The number of days over 40 °C beat the previous record of summer 1897–1898, when 11 days above 40 °C were recorded. Melbourne recorded six days over 40 °C, while nighttime temperatures were much warmer than usual, with some nights failing to drop below 30 °C. Overall,
#784215