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97-531: The entire Script Ohio performance takes approximately 3.5 minutes to execute and, traditionally, is the second drill performed in the Ohio State University Marching Band's pregame show. The Ohio State University Marching Band has described the drill: The band first forms a triple-Block O formation, then slowly unwinds to form the famous letters while playing Robert Planquette's "Le Régiment de Sambre et Meuse". The drum major leads

194-479: A celebrity comic book titled The Adventures of Bob Hope to National Periodical Publications, alias DC Comics . The comic, originally featuring publicity stills of Hope on the cover, was entirely made up of fictional stories, eventually including fictitious relatives, a high school taught by movie monsters, and a superhero called Super-Hip . It was published intermittently and continued publication through issue #109 in 1969. Illustrators included Bob Oksner and (for

291-453: A 1930 screen test for the RKO - Pathé short-subject studio at Culver City, California . In the early days, Hope's career included appearances on stage in vaudeville shows and Broadway productions. He began performing on the radio in 1934 mostly with NBC radio, and switched to television when that medium became popular in the 1950s. He started hosting regular TV specials in 1954, and hosted

388-462: A 1932 football game between that school and Ohio State University. This version, however, saw the band move directly into the word as opposed to maneuvering in a floating formation as would later become associated with Script Ohio. On October 24, 1936, the Ohio State University Marching Band first performed the Script Ohio maneuver during a game at Ohio Stadium between Ohio State University and

485-492: A Canadian self-described "Balkan-Klezmer-Gypsy-Punk-Super-Party-Band", features a sousaphone as one of their instruments. Red Baraat , a Brooklyn-based dhol & brass band that fuses North Indian Bhangra with hip-hop, go-go and jazz music, features John Altieri on sousaphone. In Israel there's a growing scene of brass bands that use Sousaphone for the bass function, including acts such as Marsh Dondurma , Las Piratas Piratas and Pam Pah Orkestra . Warren G. Harding ,

582-413: A butcher's assistant as well as a brief stint at Cleveland's Chandler Motor Car Company in his early 20s. Hope and his girlfriend later signed up for dancing lessons, encouraged after they performed in a three-day engagement at a club. Hope then formed a partnership with Lloyd Durbin, a friend from the dancing school. Silent film comedian Fatty Arbuckle saw them perform in 1925 and found them work with

679-534: A career that spanned nearly 80 years and achievements in vaudeville , network radio, television, and USO Tours. He appeared in more than 70 short and feature films , starring in 54. These included a series of seven Road to ... musical comedy films with Bing Crosby as his partner. Hope hosted the Academy Awards show 19 times, more than any other host. He also appeared in many stage productions and television roles and wrote 14 books. The song " Thanks for

776-556: A duet with an often much younger female guest star such as Barbara Mandrell , Olivia Newton-John , Barbara Eden , and Brooke Shields , or with his wife Dolores, a former singer with whom he dueted on two specials. On April 26, 1970, CBS released the Raquel Welch television special Raquel! ; in it Hope appears as a guest. Hope's 1970 and 1971 Christmas specials for NBC—filmed in Vietnam in front of military audiences at

873-485: A fan who had just attended his first Ohio State football game who didn't mention it as a highlight, if not the highlight of his day". Writing in Rolling Stone in 2016, John B. Thompson called Script Ohio "one of the most impressive examples of American folk art in existence". Sousaphone Plucked The sousaphone ( / ˈ s uː z ə f oʊ n / SOO -zə-fohn ) is a brass musical instrument in

970-481: A few staged charity bouts later in life. In December 1920, 17-year-old Hope and his brothers became US citizens when their British parents became naturalised Americans . In 1921, while working as a lineman for a power company, Hope was assisting his brother Jim in clearing trees when a tree crashed to the ground, crushing his face; the accident required reconstructive surgery, which contributed to his later distinctive appearance. In his teens, he had also worked as

1067-426: A frequent White House visitor over the years. The special, though different from his usual specials, received high praise from Variety , as well as other reviews. Following a brief appearance at the 50th Primetime Emmy Awards in 1997, Hope made his last TV appearance in a 1997 commercial about the introduction of Big Kmart , directed by Penny Marshall . Hope helped establish modern American stand-up comedy . He

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1164-590: A game against the University of Miami . In 2015, Mike Hudoba - then a doctoral candidate at the Ohio State University College of Engineering - formed DNA strands into Script Ohio as a demonstration of a newly discovered technique developed by Ohio State scientists to recreate DNA bonds into specific shapes as a method of delivering medicine to specific cells in the human body. The DNA Script Ohio, which took more than two years to create,

1261-583: A golf club on stage during the week of USO performances he taped for his TV show The Colbert Report during the 2009 season. Dear Bob... Bob Hope's Wartime Correspondence with the G.I.s of WW2, written by Martha Bolton (first woman staff writer for Bob Hope) and Linda Hope (eldest daughter of Bob Hope), reveals the heart of the entertainer who became a best friend to the troops. Hope's first Broadway appearances, in 1927's The Sidewalks of New York and 1928's Ups-a-Daisy , were minor walk-on parts. He returned to Broadway in 1933 to star as Huckleberry Haines in

1358-424: A large cupped mouthpiece . Unlike the tuba, the instrument is bent in a circle to fit around the body of the musician; it ends in a large, flaring bell that is pointed forward, projecting the sound ahead of the player. Because of the ease of carrying and the direction of sound, it is widely employed in marching bands , as well as various other musical genres . Sousaphones were originally made of brass . Beginning in

1455-730: A light opera singer from Barry, Vale of Glamorgan , who later worked as a cleaner. William and Avis married in April 1891 and lived at 12 Greenwood Street in Barry before moving to Whitehall, Bristol , and then to St George, Bristol . The family emigrated to the United States aboard the SS Philadelphia , passing through Ellis Island , New York on March 30, 1908, before moving on to Cleveland, Ohio . From age 12, Hope earned pocket money by singing, dancing, and performing comedy on

1552-640: A professional boxer in his youth. In 1946, he bought a small stake in the Cleveland Indians professional baseball team and held it for most of the rest of his life. He appeared on the June 3, 1963, cover of Sports Illustrated magazine wearing an Indians uniform, and sang a special version of "Thanks for the Memory" after the Indians' last game at Cleveland Stadium on October 3, 1993. He also bought

1649-781: A secretary from Chicago, Illinois, who was the daughter of Edward and Mary (McGinnes) Troxell. They were married on January 25, 1933, in Erie, Pennsylvania. They divorced in November 1934. The couple had shared headliner status with Joe Howard at the Palace Theatre in April 1931, performing "Keep Smiling" and the "Antics of 1931". They worked together at the RKO Albee, performing the "Antics of 1933" along with Ann Gillens and Johnny Peters in June of that year. The following month, singer Dolores Reade joined Hope's vaudeville troupe and

1746-525: A senior sousaphone player dots the "i". The Fightin' Texas Aggie Band sousaphone section (called "Bass Horns" within the university) execute a distinct two-step and four-step counter-march during marching performances. During halftime performances this is accompanied (specifically for the last rank consisting all of 12 bass horns) by a "huh! huh!" from the crowd. The University of Delaware Fightin' Blue Hen Marching Band has several traditions involving sousaphone players. During pre-game, they branch off from

1843-521: A share with Bing Crosby of the Los Angeles Rams football team in 1947, but sold it in 1962. He frequently used his television specials to promote the annual AP College Football All-America Team . The players would come onstage one by one and introduce themselves, then Hope, often dressed in a football uniform, would give a one-liner about the player or his school. Hope was briefly married to vaudeville partner Grace Louise Troxell (1912–1992),

1940-487: A state of Mexico , has a type of music called Banda Sinaloense , and the sousaphone is used there as a tuba . Damon "Tuba Gooding Jr." Bryson from The Roots played the sousaphone on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon . He now does this for The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon . Nat Mcintosh is the sousaphone player and co-founder of Youngblood Brass Band , who play a mixture of traditional New Orleans style brass band music and hip hop. The Lemon Bucket Orkestra ,

2037-531: A touring troupe called Hurley's Jolly Follies. Within a year, Hope had formed an act called the "Dancemedians" with George Byrne and the Hilton Sisters , conjoined twins who performed a tap-dancing routine on the vaudeville circuit. Hope and Byrne also had an act as Siamese twins ; they sang and danced while wearing blackface until friends advised Hope that he was funnier by himself. In 1929, Hope informally changed his first name to "Bob". In one version of

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2134-406: A tradition of painting the front surface of their sousaphone bells with a variety of images. Sousaphone players are also known to perform the 'flaming tubas', in which flash paper is ignited in the bell, thus making it appear as if the musician is breathing fire. David Silverman developed a propane powered flaming sousaphone with a trigger valve to control an array of flame jets across the top of

2231-405: A tuba-like instrument that would send sound upward and over the band, much like a concert (upright) tuba. The new instrument had an oversized bell pointing straight up, rather than the directional bell of a normal hélicon. The sousaphone was initially developed as a concert instrument rather than for marching . Sousa wanted the new instrument for the professional band which he started after leaving

2328-612: A twelve-foot frame to extend straight up from the player's shoulders. John Philip Sousa was a benefactor of the University of Illinois music program and a friend of the university's Director of Bands Albert Austin Harding . The Marching Illini became the first band to march in a football halftime show, and were the first band to use sousaphones on the field. The sousaphone sections of some marching bands have developed specialized performance traditions. The University of California Marching Band Bass section traditionally "struts" during

2425-441: A week. The original staff included Mel Shavelson , Norman Panama , Jack Rose , Sherwood Schwartz , and Schwartz's brother Al . The writing staff eventually grew to fifteen. The show became the top radio program in the country. Regulars on the series included Jerry Colonna and Barbara Jo Allen as spinster Vera Vague. Hope continued his lucrative career in radio into the 1950s, when radio's popularity began being overshadowed by

2522-588: Is impossible to see how he can do so much, can cover so much ground, can work so hard, and can be so effective. He works month after month at a pace that would kill most people. Along with his best friend Bing Crosby, Hope was offered a commission in the United States Navy as lieutenant commander during World War II, but FDR intervened, believing it would be better for troop morale if they kept doing what they were doing by playing for all branches of military service. For his service to his nation through

2619-648: Is used as one of several branding devices by Ohio State University. The university registered a trademark on this device and has previously sued companies infringing on it through the production of unlicensed clothing and apparel. The university has also trademarked the phrase "Script Ohio". Described as a "famous" drill by USA Today and the Washington Post , Script Ohio was named "one of college football's most iconic, longstanding traditions" by Sports Illustrated , while Columbus Dispatch sports columnist Bob Hunter has remarked that he had "never spoken with

2716-446: Is usually performed on-count to one side of the stadium (facing up away from the script) and more slowly/artistically to the other side of the stadium (facing down towards the script). The band then marks time in position while singing "Buckeye Battle Cry" to the accompaniment of the lone sousaphone player who has "dotted the i". An "Ohio" formation in cursive script was first performed by the University of Michigan Marching Band during

2813-532: The Academy Awards nineteen times from 1939 through 1977. Overlapping with this was his movie career, spanning 1934 to 1972, and his USO tours, which he conducted from 1941 to 1991. Hope signed a contract with Educational Pictures of New York for six short comedies. The first was a comedy, Going Spanish (1934). He was not happy with it, and told newspaper columnist Walter Winchell , "When they catch [bank robber] Dillinger , they're going to make him sit through it twice." Educational Pictures took umbrage at

2910-756: The Jerome Kern / Dorothy Fields musical Roberta . Stints in the musicals Say When , the 1936 Ziegfeld Follies with Fanny Brice , and Red, Hot and Blue with Ethel Merman and Jimmy Durante followed. Hope reprised his role as Huck Haines in a 1958 production of Roberta at The Muny Theater in Forest Park in St. Louis, Missouri . Additionally, Hope rescued the Eltham Little Theatre in England from closure by providing funds to buy

3007-641: The Korean War , the Vietnam War, the third phase of the Lebanon Civil War , the latter years of the Iran–Iraq War , and the 1990–91 Persian Gulf War . His USO career lasted a half-century during which he headlined 57 times. He had a deep respect for the men and women who served in the armed forces, and this was reflected in his willingness to go anywhere to entertain them. However, during

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3104-490: The Marines , and this band marched only once. Sousa mainly used sousaphones built by C.   G. Conn. Although less balanced on a player's body than a helicon, because of the large spectacular bell high in the air, the sousaphone retained the tuba-like sound by widening the bore and throat of the instrument significantly. Its upright bell led to the instrument being dubbed a "rain-catcher". Some versions of this design allowed

3201-544: The University of Pittsburgh . Eugene Weigel, the band's director, charted the formation and was reportedly influenced by the design of the word "Ohio" in the marquee of the Loew's Ohio Theatre in Columbus, Ohio . During this time position charts had yet to be developed to guide marching band maneuvers and the band's drum major led the band through the formation as a practical necessity, rather than for ceremonial effect as would be

3298-430: The tuba family. Created around 1893 by J. W. Pepper at the direction of American bandleader John Philip Sousa (after whom the instrument was then named), it was designed to be easier to play than the concert tuba while standing or marching, as well as to carry the sound of the instrument above the heads of the band. Like the tuba, sound is produced by moving air past the lips, causing them to vibrate or "buzz" into

3395-556: The " New Hollywood " era in the 1960s, he reacted negatively, such as when he hosted the 40th Academy Awards in 1968 and voiced his contempt by mocking the show's delay because of the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. and condescendingly greeted attending younger actors on stage—such as Dustin Hoffman , who was 30 at the time—as children. By the 1970s, his popularity was beginning to wane with military personnel and with

3492-407: The 1920s. From the mid-1930s onward, sousaphone bells have been standardized at a diameter of 26 inches (660 mm). Some larger sousaphones (Monster, Grand, Jumbo, Giant or Grand Jumbo, depending on brand) were produced in limited quantities. The sousaphone is a valved brass instrument with the same tube length and musical range as other tubas. The sousaphone's shape is such that the bell is above

3589-715: The 1968 telecast, he quipped, "Welcome to the Academy Awards, or, as it's known at my house, Passover ." Although he was never nominated for an Oscar, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences honored him with four honorary awards, and in 1960 presented him with the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award , given each year as part of the Oscars ceremony. Hope's career in broadcasting began on radio in 1934. His first regular series for NBC Radio

3686-528: The 28-year-old Joan Collins in place of Lamour, whom Crosby thought was too old for the part. They had planned one more movie together in 1977, The Road to the Fountain of Youth , but filming was postponed when Crosby was injured in a fall, and the production was canceled when he suddenly died of heart failure that October. Hope starred in 54 theatrical features between 1938 and 1972, as well as cameos and short films. Most of his later movies failed to match

3783-461: The 29th President of the United States , was a sousaphone player who played well enough to join the band celebrating his election. Jeanie Schroder of the band DeVotchKa plays sousaphone on several of the band's songs. Tuba Gooding Jr. (Damon Bryson) plays sousaphone for The Roots . Bob Hope Leslie Townes " Bob " Hope (May 29, 1903 – July 27, 2003) was a British-born American comedian , actor , entertainer and producer with

3880-594: The Desert Storm tour, and granddaughter Miranda appeared alongside him on an aircraft carrier in the Indian Ocean. Of Hope's USO shows in World War II, novelist John Steinbeck , who then was working as a war correspondent, wrote in 1943: When the time for recognition of service to the nation in wartime comes to be considered, Bob Hope should be high on the list. This man drives himself and is driven. It

3977-543: The Memory " was his signature tune. He was praised for his comedic timing, specializing in one-liners and rapid-fire delivery of jokes that were often self-deprecating. Between 1941 and 1991, he made 57 tours for the United Service Organizations (USO), entertaining military personnel around the world. In 1997, Congress passed a bill that made him an honorary veteran of the Armed Forces. Hope

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4074-414: The Memory ", which later became his trademark, was introduced in the film as a duet with Shirley Ross , accompanied by Shep Fields and his orchestra. The sentimental, fluid nature of the music allowed Hope's writers—he depended heavily upon joke writers throughout his career —to later create variations of the song to fit specific circumstances, such as bidding farewell to troops while on tour or mentioning

4171-685: The USO, he was awarded the Sylvanus Thayer Award by the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1968, the first entertainer to receive the award. A 1997 act of Congress signed by President Bill Clinton named Hope an "Honorary Veteran". He remarked, "I've been given many awards in my lifetime, but to be numbered among the men and women I admire most is the greatest honor I have ever received." In an homage to Hope, comedian/TV host Stephen Colbert carried

4268-403: The actress most associated with his film career although he made movies with dozens of leading ladies , including Katharine Hepburn , Paulette Goddard , Hedy Lamarr , Lucille Ball , Rosemary Clooney , Jane Russell , and Elke Sommer . Hope and Crosby teamed not only for the "Road" pictures, but for many stage, radio, and television appearances and many brief movie appearances together over

4365-412: The band's "most popular formation". At a 1966 game against Texas Christian University a "dual" Script Ohio was first performed by combining the personnel of both the Ohio State University Marching Band and Ohio State's alumni band to form two of the formations on-field simultaneously, with one facing either side of the stadium. Four Script Ohios were simultaneously performed for the first time in 1977 at

4462-656: The band's pregame show. During the "strut" the section separates from the rest of the band, circles the North goal post, and rejoins the band to complete the Script Cal. The University of Southern California Trojan Marching Band sousaphones play John Williams ' " Imperial March " from Star Wars in single file when crossing streets on their way to and from performances on the USC campus. When The Ohio State University Marching Band performs its traditional Script Ohio formation,

4559-452: The bell of his horn. The Yale Precision Marching Band has made a tradition of setting fire to the tops of the bells of their sousaphones, including in the fall of 1992 when sousaphones served as the "candles" of a "wedding cake" formed by the band when two band alumni were married during a halftime show. They also utilize what they refer to as the "Überphone", a sousaphone that was disassembled from its coiled format and welded back together on

4656-572: The bell to also rotate forward, projecting the sound to the front of the band. This bell configuration remained the standard for several decades and is the standard today. The instrument proved practical for marching, and by 1908 the United States Marine Band adopted it. Versions with the characteristic extra 90° bend making a forward-facing bell were developed in the early 1900s. Early sousaphones had 22-inch-diameter (560 mm) bells, with 24-inch (610 mm) bells popular in

4753-583: The case later. Though the tradition of "dotting the i" would later be assigned to sousaphone players, the first person to "dot the i" was John W. Brungart, a trumpet player from Coshocton, Ohio . The year following its introduction, the Associated Press credited Script Ohio as the first instance of a marching band executing moving script writing and Weigel reported receiving almost daily inquiries from directors of other marching band asking "how to devise letter tricks". By 1939 "Script Ohio" had become

4850-446: The decades until Crosby died in 1977. Although the two invested together in oil leases and other business ventures, worked together frequently, and lived near each other, they rarely saw each other socially. After the release of Road to Singapore (1940), Hope's screen career took off, and he had a long and successful run. After an 11-year hiatus from the "Road" genre, he and Crosby reteamed for The Road to Hong Kong (1962), starring

4947-490: The end of his career, worsening vision problems rendered him unable to read his cue cards. In October 1996, he announced he was ending his 60-year contract with NBC, joking that he "decided to become a free agent". His final television special, Laughing with the Presidents , was broadcast in November 1996, with host Tony Danza helping him present a personal retrospective of presidents of the United States known to Hope,

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5044-408: The false-tone resonances on their sousaphones because these notes reside in the sub-contra register, which is nearly impossible for most beginners to access. Some professionals develop a "raised embouchure" to securely play these notes. This is where either the upper or lower lip (depending on the player) takes up most of the mouthpiece area. The embouchure provides almost twice the room for vibration of

5141-461: The game in the 1930s while performing in Winnipeg , Canada, he eventually played to a four handicap . His love for the game—and the humor he could find in it—made him a sought-after foursome member. He once remarked that President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave up golf for painting: "Fewer strokes, you know." He also was quoted as saying, "It's wonderful how you can start out with three strangers in

5238-479: The height of the war—are on the list of the Top 46 U.S. network prime-time telecasts . Both were seen by more than 60 percent of the U.S. households watching television. Likely the most unusual of his television specials was Joys! , a parody of murder mystery narratives, where the audience discovers at the end of the broadcast that Johnny Carson was the villain. Beginning in early 1950, Hope licensed rights to publish

5335-452: The highly controversial Vietnam War , Hope had trouble convincing some performers to join him on tour, but he was accompanied on at least one USO tour by Ann-Margret . Anti-war sentiment was high, and his pro-troop stance made him a target of criticism from some quarters. Some shows were drowned out by boos; others were listened to in silence. The tours were funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, Hope's television sponsors, and by NBC ,

5432-418: The key of BB ♭ (Low B Flat) and like tubas (which are commonly made in pitches of BB ♭ , CC, EE ♭ , and F) the instrument's part is written in " concert pitch ", not transposed by key for a specific instrument. Although sousaphones may have a more restricted range than their concert tuba counterpart (most sousaphones have 3 valves instead of 4 to reduce weight), generally they can all play

5529-535: The last four issues) Neal Adams . While aboard RMS  Queen Mary when World War II began in September 1939, Hope volunteered to perform a special show for the passengers, during which he sang "Thanks for the Memory" with rewritten lyrics. He performed his first USO show on May 6, 1941, at March Field in California, and continued to travel and entertain troops for the rest of World War II, later during

5626-454: The late 1920s and also still in production as model 2350. Historically, Holton , York and Martin sousaphones have also been considered fine horns. Very large bore (>= 0.750 inch) sousaphones, with oversized bells as large as 32 inches (81 cm) in diameter, were made by Conn ("Grand Jumbo" [46K (3-valve) & 48K (4-valve)]) and King ("Jumbo" [1265 (3- & 4-valve versions)] & "Giant" [1270 (3-valve) & 1271 (4-valve)]) in

5723-407: The late 1940s; however, as his ratings began to slip in the 1950s, he switched to television and became an early pioneer of that medium. He published several books, notably dictating to ghostwriters about his wartime experiences. Although Hope made an effort to keep his material up to date, he never adapted his comic persona or his routines to any great degree. As Hollywood began to transition to

5820-494: The late 2000s, and Dynasty USA makes a four-valve BB ♭ sousaphone as well. Criticisms of the fourth valve on a sousaphone center on additional weight, although the fourth valve improves intonation and facilitates playing of the lower register. Due to the large size of most sousaphones, the sub-contra register (for which the fourth valve is largely intended) is already covered by alternate resonances, known as "false tones" (see Tuba article). Many beginners are not aware of

5917-675: The legal guardians of Tracey, the youngest daughter of famous New York City bar owner Bernard "Toots" Shor and his wife, Marion "Baby" Shor. In 1935, the couple lived in Manhattan. In 1937, they moved to 10346 Moorpark Street in the Toluca Lake neighborhood of Los Angeles, where they would reside until their respective deaths. Hope had a reputation as a womanizer and continued to see other women throughout his marriage. Zoglin wrote, "Bob Hope had affairs with chorus girls, beauty queens, singers and showbiz wannabes through his 70s; he had

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6014-1042: The mid-1920s and 1930s, and by Martin, York, & Buescher , but they disappeared from the catalogs during the Depression or at the onset of World War II . Because of their weight and cost, few were made and even fewer survive, especially the 4-valve models. Since 1961, sousaphones have been available made of fiberglass reinforced plastics instead of brass; RMC-Reynolds announced their new 18-pound instrument that year (branded as "Reynolds" or "Martin") and Conn's 16-3/4-pound 36K debuted soon thereafter. King first advertised its new 18-1/2 pound "1280" model in 1964, as did Holton with its FG-122 and Selmer with its Buescher-division instrument. Olds first advertised its fiberglass instrument in 1966. The fiberglass versions are used mainly for marching, with brass instruments being used for all other situations. Fiberglass sousaphones can be found commonly in younger marching bands, such as middle schools, due to their lighter weight. Depending on

6111-408: The mid-1940s, with his radio program getting good ratings as well, he was one of the most popular entertainers in the United States. When Paramount threatened to stop production of the "Road" pictures in 1945, they received 75,000 letters of protest. Hope had no faith in his skills as a dramatic actor, and his performances of that type were not as well received. He had been well known in radio until

6208-511: The mid-20th century, some sousaphones have also been made of lighter materials, such as fiberglass and plastic. The first sousaphone was built by James Walsh Pepper in 1893 at the request of John Philip Sousa , who was dissatisfied with the hélicons in use by the United States Marine Band . Some sources credit C. G. Conn with its construction, because of the first sousaphone he built later in 1898. Sousa wanted

6305-735: The model, the fiberglass version does not have as dark and rich a tone as the brass (King fiberglass sousaphones tended to have smooth fiberglass and a tone somewhat more like a brass sousaphone; Conn fiberglass sousaphones often had rough fiberglass exteriors and a thinner sound; the Conn is also lighter). In the 1920s and 1930s, four-valved sousaphones were often used by professional players, especially E ♭ sousaphones; today, however, four-valved B ♭ sousaphones are uncommon and are prized by collectors, especially those made by Conn, King (H.   N. White), and Holton. Jupiter Company started production of four-valve BB ♭ sousaphones in

6402-447: The morning, play 18 holes, and by the time the day is over you have three solid enemies." A golf club became an integral prop for Hope during the standup segments of his television specials and USO shows. In 1978 he putted against the then-two-year-old Tiger Woods in a television appearance with the actor Jimmy Stewart on The Mike Douglas Show . The Bob Hope Classic , founded in 1960, made history in 1995 when Hope teed up for

6499-410: The mouthpiece accessible to players of different height or body shapes, most sousaphones contain a detachable tubing gooseneck which arises from the lead pipe on the upwind side of the valves. One or two slightly-angled bit(s) (short tubing lengths) are inserted into the gooseneck, and then the mouthpiece is inserted into the terminal bit. This arrangement may be adjusted in height and yaw angle to place

6596-512: The mouthpiece comfortably at the player's lips. Most sousaphones are manufactured from sheet brass , usually yellow or silver, with silver, lacquer, and gold plating options, much like many brass instruments. However, the sousaphone (uniquely) is also commonly seen manufactured from fiberglass , due to its lower cost, greater durability, and significantly lighter weight. The weight of a sousaphone can be between 18 pounds (8 kg) and 50 pounds (23 kg). Most modern sousaphones are made in

6693-477: The movie-going public in general. However, he continued doing USO tours into the 1980s and continued to appear on television into the 1990s. Former First Lady Nancy Reagan , a close friend and frequent host to him at the White House, called Hope "America's most honored citizen and our favorite clown". Hope was well known as an avid golfer, playing in as many as 150 charity tournaments a year. Introduced to

6790-501: The names of towns in which he was performing. As a film star, Hope was best known for such comedies as My Favorite Brunette and the highly successful " Road " movies in which he starred with Bing Crosby and Dorothy Lamour . The series consists of seven films made between 1940 and 1962: Road to Singapore (1940), Road to Zanzibar (1941), Road to Morocco (1942), Road to Utopia (1946), Road to Rio (1947), Road to Bali (1952), and The Road to Hong Kong (1962). At

6887-508: The network that broadcast the television specials created after each tour from footage shot on location. However, the footage and shows were owned by Hope's own production company, which made them very lucrative ventures for him, as outlined by writer Richard Zoglin in his 2014 biography Hope: Entertainer of the Century . Hope sometimes recruited his own family members for USO travel. His wife, Dolores, sang from atop an armored vehicle during

6984-535: The opening round in a foursome that included Presidents Gerald Ford , George H. W. Bush , and Bill Clinton , the only time three U.S. presidents played in the same golf foursome. The event, now known as the CareerBuilder Challenge, was one of the few PGA Tour tournaments that took place over five rounds, until the 2012 tournament when it was cut back to the conventional four. Hope had a heavy interest in sports beyond golf and his brief fling as

7081-762: The outset, Paramount executives were amazed at how relaxed and compatible Hope and Crosby were as a team. What the executives didn't know was that Hope and Crosby had already worked together (on the vaudeville stage in 1932), and that working so easily in the "Road" pictures was just an extension of their old stage act. Hope had seen Lamour performing as a nightclub singer in New York, and invited her to work on his United Service Organizations (USO) tours of military facilities. Lamour sometimes arrived for filming prepared with her lines, only to be baffled by completely rewritten scripts or ad-libbed dialogue between Hope and Crosby. Hope and Lamour were lifelong friends, and she remains

7178-488: The outside O into a peel-off movement around the curves of the script, with every musician in continual motion. Slowly the three blocks unfold into a long singular line which loops around, creating the OSUMB's trademark. Following the complete formation of the word "Ohio", a single sousaphone player breaks off from the main ranks of the band and, using a high-kicking step colloquially called the "strut", marches into position to

7275-623: The property. He continued his interest and support, and regularly visited the facility when in London. The theater was renamed in his honor in 1982. During a short stint in 1960, Hope became a part owner of the Riverside International Raceway in Moreno Valley, California , along with Los Angeles Rams co-owner Fred Levy Jr. and oil tycoon Ed Pauley for $ 800,000 (adjusted to $ 7.0 million in 2020). Les Richter

7372-578: The remark and canceled Hope's contract after only the one film. He soon signed with the Vitaphone short-subject studio in Brooklyn , New York, making musical and comedy shorts during the day and performing in Broadway shows in the evenings. Hope moved to Hollywood when Paramount Pictures signed him for the 1938 film The Big Broadcast of 1938 , also starring W. C. Fields . The song " Thanks for

7469-666: The rest of the band. From here, the sousaphone players run in a snake around the field jumping to drum line cadence. At most pre-games they act out a skit as well. At post game, " In My Life " by The Beatles is played featuring a sousaphone solo while the band sings. The sousaphone is an important fixture of the New Orleans brass band tradition and is still used in groups such as the Dirty Dozen Brass Band by Kirk Joseph . Soul Rebels Brass Band from New Orleans features sousaphone player Edward Lee Jr. Sinaloa ,

7566-509: The same music and usually have parts written in the bass clef and the indicated octave is played (unlike double bass or electric bass that sound an octave lower than the indicated note). Many older sousaphones were pitched in the key of E ♭ , but current production of sousaphones in that key is limited. Although most major instrument manufacturers have made, and many continue to make, sousaphones, Conn and King (H.   N. White) instruments are generally agreed among players to be

7663-452: The single lip (compared to the 50–50 embouchure). Asian sousaphones made in China and India are gaining popularity in the street band market. In Switzerland and Southern Germany, " Guggenmusik " bands often use these instruments that provide great display and passable tone. Most are tuned in E ♭ . Brands like Zweiss with older British designs make affordable sousaphones that have broken

7760-415: The standards against which other sousaphones are judged for tone quality and playability. Perhaps the most highly regarded sousaphone ever built is the 0.734-inch-bore (18.6 mm) Conn model 20K, introduced in the mid-1930s and still in production. Some players, especially those who find the 20K too heavy for marching, prefer the slightly smaller 0.687-inch-bore (17.4 mm) King model 1250, first made in

7857-408: The story, he named himself after racecar driver Bob Burman . In another, he said that he chose the name because he wanted a name with a "friendly 'Hiya, fellas!' sound" to it. In a 1942 legal document, his legal name appears as Lester Townes Hope; it is unknown if this reflects a legal name change from Leslie. After five years on the vaudeville circuit, Hope was "surprised and humbled" when he failed

7954-534: The street. He entered numerous dancing and amateur talent contests as Lester Hope, and won a prize in 1915 for his impersonation of Charlie Chaplin . For a time, he attended the Boys' Industrial School in Lancaster, Ohio , and as an adult donated sizable sums of money to the institution. He had a brief career as a boxer in 1919, fighting under the name Packy East. He had three wins and one loss, and he participated in

8051-530: The success of his 1940s efforts. He was disappointed with his appearance in Cancel My Reservation (1972), his last starring film; critics and filmgoers panned the movie. Though his career as a film star effectively ended in 1972, he did make a few cameo film appearances into the 1980s. Hope was host of the Academy Awards ceremony 19 times between 1939 and 1977. His supposedly-feigned desire for an Oscar became part of his act. While introducing

8148-410: The top of the letter "i", thereby "dotting" it. Before playing a solo (if a solo is to be played), the strut ends with a 24-count "hats off bow". Under normal execution when done by the entire band, this bow has a set of verbal commands to be screamed while executing it, namely "[halt], kick, down-2, hats-2, off-2-3-4, down-2-3-4, up-2-3-4, on-2, down-2, O-HI-O". This climax of the i-dotting drill, though,

8245-418: The tuba and sousaphone are semi-conical brass instruments. No valved brass instrument can be entirely conical, since the middle section containing the valves must be cylindrical. While the degree of bore conicity does affect the timbre of the instrument, much as in a cornet and trumpet , or a euphonium and a trombone , the bore profile of a sousaphone is similar to that of most tubas. To facilitate making

8342-624: The tubist's head and projecting forward. The valves are situated directly in front of the musician slightly above the waist and all of the weight rests on the left shoulder. The bell is normally detachable from the instrument body to facilitate transportation and storage. Except for the instrument's general shape and appearance, the sousaphone is technically similar to a tuba. For simplicity and light weight, modern sousaphones almost always use three non-compensating piston valves in their construction, in direct contrast to their concert counterparts' large variation in number, type, and orientation. Both

8439-528: The upstart television medium. Hope did many specials for the NBC television network in the following decades, beginning in April 1950. He was one of the first people to use cue cards . The shows often were sponsored by Frigidaire (early 1950s), General Motors (1955–61), Chrysler (1963–73), and Texaco (1975–85). Hope's Christmas specials were popular favorites and often featured a performance of " Silver Bells "—from his 1951 film The Lemon Drop Kid —done as

8536-434: The €500 barrier. These are mostly in the medium-bell size of 23 inches (580 mm). Chinese brands are mostly reverse-engineered models and quite passable. In large marching bands of the United States, the bell is often covered with a tight fitting cloth, called a sock, which enables the sousaphone section to spell out the school's name, initials, or mascot. The Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band Tööbz! have

8633-528: Was born in the Eltham district of southeast London . He arrived in the United States with his family at the age of four, and grew up near Cleveland, Ohio . He became a boxer in the 1910s but moved into show business in the early 1920s, initially as a comedian and dancer on the vaudeville circuit before acting on Broadway . He began appearing on radio and in films starting in 1934. Hope retired from public life in 1999 and died in 2003, at 100. Leslie Townes Hope

8730-532: Was born on May 29, 1903, in Eltham , County of London (now part of the Royal Borough of Greenwich ), in a terraced house at 44 Craigton Road in Well Hall , where there is now a British Film Institute 'Centenary of British Cinema' commemorative plaque in his memory. He was the fifth of seven sons of William Henry Hope, a stonemason from Weston-super-Mare , Somerset, and Welsh mother Avis (née Townes),

8827-648: Was made president of the raceway. Hope made a guest appearance on The Golden Girls , season 4, episode 17 (aired February 25, 1989) called "You Gotta Have Hope" in which Rose is convinced Bob Hope is her father. In 1992, Hope made a guest appearance as himself on the animated Fox series The Simpsons in the episode " Lisa the Beauty Queen " (season 4, episode 4). His 90th birthday television celebration in May 1993, Bob Hope: The First 90 Years , won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety, Music Or Comedy Special. Toward

8924-515: Was miles away in New York, on Broadway. More intriguing, there is no record anywhere of his marriage to Dolores, if it happened. And there are no wedding photos, either. But he never forgot Louise and quietly sent her money in her later years. Dolores had been one of Hope's co-stars on Broadway in Roberta . The couple adopted four children: Linda (in 1939), Anthony "Tony" (1940–2004), Kelly (1946), and Eleanora "Nora" (1946). Bob and Dolores were also

9021-561: Was performing with him at Loew's Metropolitan Theater. She was described as a "former Ziegfeld beauty and one of society's favorite nightclub entertainers, having appeared at many private social functions at New York, Palm Beach, and Southampton". His marriage to Reade was fraught with ambiguities. As Richard Zoglin wrote in his 2014 biography Hope: Entertainer of the Century , Bob and Dolores always claimed that they married in February 1934 in Erie, Pennsylvania. But at that time, he

9118-468: Was secretly married to his vaudeville partner Louise Troxell, after three years together on and off. I found divorce papers for Bob and Louise dated November 1934, so either Bob Hope was a bigamist, or he lied about marrying Dolores in February that year. He had actually married Louise in January 1933 in Erie when they were traveling on the vaudeville circuit. When he claimed he had married Dolores in Erie he

9215-579: Was subsequently inducted into the Guinness Book of World Records as the "smallest logo ever made". Serving as an honorary "i dotter" has been called by coach Jim Harbaugh "the most beloved honor an Ohio State man or woman may receive". Former Ohio State football coach Earle Bruce 's appearance as an honorary "i dotter" was included in his obituary . Other honorary "i dotters" include Buster Douglas , Bob Hope , Jack Nicklaus , Gordon Gee , and Woody Hayes . A graphic representation of Script Ohio

9312-541: Was the Woodbury Soap Hour in 1937, on a 26-week contract. Serving as the master of ceremonies for these Rippling Rhythm Revue radio broadcasts, Hope collaborated with the big band leader Shep Fields during this period of transition from vaudeville to radio. A year later, The Pepsodent Show Starring Bob Hope began, and Hope signed a ten-year contract with the show's sponsor, Lever Brothers . He hired eight writers and paid them out of his salary of $ 2,500

9409-473: Was widely praised for his comedic timing and his specialization in the use of one-liners and rapid-fire delivery of jokes. He was known for his style of self-deprecating jokes, first building himself up and then tearing himself down. He performed hundreds of times per year. Such early films as The Cat and the Canary (1939) and The Paleface (1948) were financially successful and praised by critics, and by

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