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19-709: The city lying between the upper reaches of the River Hermus and its tributary the Hyllus , and was part of the Katakekaumene . Its site is located at Sidas Kale , near İcikler in Asiatic Turkey . The city struck coins and was visited by the Emperor Hadrian . The Apollo Aksyros Temple located in the ancient city. According to the researchers in one of the stele of the temple, there

38-545: Is 86 meters long, which crashed into each other in 1957. There is another shipwreck located off Güzelbahçe at a depth of 42 meters, which was discovered at the beginning of 2017, thought to be a 78 meters long cargo ship that sank in the late 1800s. It is also stated that one to four ships were sunk in the gulf during the First World War. Dozens of shipwrecks off the Sancakburnu Castle were removed from

57-581: Is an inscription which writes "Melita and Makedon stole Eia’s fishnet and other belongings. Therefore, they were punished by God. Their parents consulted Apollon Aksyros for their sake and made a vow," Saittae was also the seat of a Byzantine Bishopric . Bishop Limenius signed the Chalcedon Creed while Bishop Amachius spoke at the Council of Chalcedon . Limenius signed the documents at the Council of Ephesus . Although an Islamic area now, under

76-652: Is within the area of Manisa Province and a smaller downstream section within İzmir Province. The Gediz Delta is important as a nature reserve and is home to rare bird species. However, the reserve suffers from water shortages due to heavy demands from irrigation projects, connected to the Demirköprü Dam . High level of urbanization and industrialization along its basin have caused the Gediz River to suffer severe pollution, particularly by sand and gravel quarries and leather industry. These factors contributed to

95-763: The Hermus River ( Ancient Greek : Έρμος), is the second-longest river in Anatolia flowing into the Aegean Sea . From its source of Mount Murat in Kütahya Province , it flows generally west for 401 km (249 mi) to the Gediz River Delta in the Gulf of İzmir . The ancient Greek name of the river was Hermos (Ἕρμος), Latinized as Hermus. The name of the river Gediz may be related to

114-661: The Lydian proper name Cadys; Gediz is also the name of a town near the river's sources. The name "Gediz" may also be encountered as a male given name in Turkey. The Gediz is one of the two candidates for the Hittite placename Seha River , the other being the Bakırçay . The Hermos separated Aeolia from Ionia , except for Ionic Phocaea , which was north of the Hermos. The valley of

133-709: The Mediterranean monk seal . İzmir Birds Paradise in the north of the gulf and Çakalburnu Lagoon in the south are the breeding ground of the birds. It is known that the first settlements around the gulf were in the Neolithic Age . The most known settlement is Smyrna , which was established around present-day Bayraklı in 3300s BC. Timur , who came to İzmir after the Battle of Ankara , seized İzmir Port Castle and its surroundings in December 1402 and ordered

152-523: The Hermos was the heartland of the ancient Lydian Empire and overlooking the valley was the Lydian capital Sardis . In Turkey 's Aegean Region , Gediz River's length is second only to Büyük Menderes River whose flow is roughly parallel at a distance of slightly more than a hundred kilometers to the south. Gediz River rises from Murat Mountain and Şaphane Mountain in Kütahya Province and flows through Uşak , Manisa and İzmir Provinces . It joins

171-584: The destruction of the castle. During the First World War , naval battles occurred between Sancakburnu Castle and Urla in March 1915 and around Uzunada in May 1916. Port of İzmir is a cargo and passenger port located to the east of the gulf. It is the seventh largest port of the country in terms of container volume and thirteenth in terms of cargo tonnage. There are nine active passenger ferry quays in

190-547: The end of the gulf. The northern limit of the Gulf of İzmir is defined as a 13 nmi line running from Cape Kanlıkaya ( 38°40′29″N 26°28′23″E  /  38.67472°N 26.47306°E  / 38.67472; 26.47306 ) of the Karaburun Peninsula , to Cape Aslan ( 38°44′29″N 26°44′24″E  /  38.74139°N 26.74000°E  / 38.74139; 26.74000 ) of Foça . The surface area of

209-402: The gulf . The İZKARAY project, which envisages the joining of the two sides of the gulf with a bridge, an artificial island and a tunnel, will provide road and rail connections between Balçova and Çiğli districts. There are five known shipwrecks in the Gulf of İzmir. At a depth of 16.4 meters off the Sancakburnu Castle, there are wrecks of two ships, one of which is 118 meters and the other

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228-472: The gulf is 960.4 km (370.8 sq mi), while its shore length is 464 km (288 mi). Uzunada located in the Gulf of İzmir is Turkey's fourth largest island. Other islands of the gulf include Hekim Island , Foça Islands ( Orak Island , Fener Ada , Incir Ada , Metelik Island ), Çiçek Islands ( Yassıca Island , Pırnarlı Island , İncirli Island , Akça ), Karantina Island , Yılan Island , and Büyük Ada . Seventeen rivers empty into

247-570: The gulf, most notably the Gediz and the Meles . Gediz Delta , which is a Ramsar site , is located in the northeast of the gulf. Levent Marina is the only marina located in the gulf. The Gulf of İzmir was formed during the Quaternary geological period. The east-west direction pit of the gulf was formed as a result of breaking the faults. The northeastern coast of the gulf is the habitat of

266-632: The name Saittae it remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church . [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Smith, William , ed. (1854–1857). "Setae". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography . London: John Murray. 38°46′46″N 28°37′53″E  /  38.779330°N 28.631290°E  / 38.779330; 28.631290 River Hermus The Gediz River ( Turkish : Gediz Nehri , Turkish pronunciation: [ˈɡediz] ), anciently known as

285-534: The people could no longer swim in the gulf. With the population exceeding 1.7 million in the 1990s, the level of pollution has risen a lot and heavy metal traces were found in fish. In 1992, the treatment and sewage system, called the Grand Canal Project, started to be built by İZSU . Launched in October 2002, the system prevented waste water discharge to the gulf. By the 2010s, it was observed that

304-447: The pollution in the gulf was removed and the marine life returned to normal. With the Gulf of İzmir Oceanographic Monitoring Project carried out by İZSU since 2000, the cleaning of the gulf is tracked. Sailing is supported by Karşıyaka S.K. and Göztepe S.K. in the inner gulf. Yacht, sailing, canoe, rowing and dragon boat races are held in the gulf with the İzmir Gulf Festival, which is organized annually since 2017. The gulf hosts

323-506: The river's formerly rich fish reserves to become a thing of the past in recent years. Gulf of %C4%B0zmir The Gulf of İzmir ( Turkish : İzmir Körfezi ), formerly known as the Gulf of Smyrna , is a gulf on the Aegean Sea , with its inlet between the Karaburun Peninsula and the mainland area of Foça . It is 64 kilometres (40 mi) in length by 32 kilometres (20 mi) in breadth, with an excellent anchorage. The city of İzmir , an important port city of Turkey , surrounds

342-408: The sea in 1967 and in the following years. In the period when 200,000 people lived around the gulf, the discharge of wastewater into the gulf did not cause any obvious problems. However, with the population exceeding 500,000 and industrialization, waste that has exceeded the capacity of the gulf to renew itself has begun to be discharged into the gulf. In this period, pollution became noticeable and

361-465: The sea in the northern section of the Gulf of İzmir , close to the gulf's mouth, near the village of Yenibağarası in Foça district, south of the center of the district. The Gediz Basin lies between northern latitudes of 38°04’–39°13’ and southern longitudes of 26°42’–29°45’. It covers 2.2% of the total area of Turkey. Larger part of the alluvial plain called under the same name as the river ( Gediz Plain )

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