72-452: Seacliff comprises a beach, an estate and a harbour. It lies 4 miles (6 kilometres) east of North Berwick , East Lothian , Scotland . The beach and estate command a strategic position at the mouth of the Firth of Forth , and control of the area has been contested through the ages. The beach and estate were used as a staging post for various raids on nearby Tantallon Castle from the 14th to
144-565: A few lines written in the Greek alphabet referring to " Nestor's Cup ", discovered in a grave at Pithekoussae (Ischia) dates from c. 730 BC ; it seems to be the oldest written reference to the Iliad . The fragmentary Epic Cycles , a collection of Ancient Greek epic poems that related the story of the Trojan War, were a distillation in literary form of an oral tradition developed during
216-452: A few. These Italic ethnic groups developed identities as settlers and warriors c. 900 BC . They built forts in the mountains, today a subject of much investigation. The forest has hidden them for a long time, but eventually, they will provide information about the people who built and used these buildings. The ruin of a large samnittisk temple and theater at Pietrabbondante is under investigation. These cultural relics have slumbered in
288-764: A new conquest in the Migration Period . Iron working was introduced to Europe in the late 11th century BC, probably from the Caucasus , and slowly spread northwards and westwards over the succeeding 500 years. For example, the Iron Age of Prehistoric Ireland begins around 500 BC, when the Greek Iron Age had already ended, and finishes around 400 AD. The use of iron and iron-working technology became widespread concurrently in Europe and Asia. The start of
360-414: A particular field or area for themselves, for the magistrates and chiefs give fields every year to the people and the clans, which have gathered so much ground in such places that it seems good for them to continue on to somewhere else after a year. "Neque quisquam agri modum certum aut fines habet proprios, sed magistratus ac principes in annos singulos gentibus cognationibusque hominum, qui tum una coierunt,
432-509: A quantum et quo loco visum est agri attribuunt atque anno post alio transire cogunt" book 6, 22. Strabo (63 BC – about AD 20) also writes about sveberne in Geographicon VII, 1, 3. Common to all the people in this area is that they can easily change residence because of their sordid way of life; that they do not grow any fields and do not collect property, but live in temporary huts. They get their nourishment from their livestock for
504-625: A subsidiary company run by Lothian Buses, runs a twice-hourly service between Edinburgh (Semple Street) to North Berwick Tesco via Portobello, Musselburgh, Prestonpans, Longniddry, Aberlady, Gullane and Dirleton. The bus in North Berwick runs on a loop from the High Street (Church Street bus stop) to the Tesco Terminus and back, then returns to Edinburgh. There are also local services to Haddington , Dunbar and attractions such as
576-418: Is a sheltered spot accessible through a narrow channel, all blasted out of the red sandstone cliffs. This was constructed in 1890 by Andrew Laidlay, the then laird, who used a steam engine and compressed air to cut the stone. It was once home to boats owned by fishermen and landowners but today it is rarely used by boats and more for diving and dive training. The entrance measures just three metres across and it
648-536: Is an occasional service through to Glasgow Central station on weekdays, although anyone heading for central Glasgow is advised to switch to the Edinburgh – Glasgow Queen St. service. There is a regular bus service (nos 124 and X24 ) between the town and Edinburgh city centre. Edinburgh Airport is the nearest airport, not just to North Berwick but the whole county, and is approximately a 45-minute drive away, or around 1 hour 20 mins by public transport. East Coast Buses,
720-543: Is descended from the Phoenician alphabet. The Greeks adapted the system, notably introducing characters for vowel sounds and thereby creating the first truly alphabetic (as opposed to abjad ) writing system. As Greece sent colonists eastwards, across the Black Sea, and westwards towards Sicily and Italy ( Pithekoussae , Cumae ), the influence of their alphabet extended further. The ceramic Euboean artifact inscribed with
792-439: Is easy because there is great access to land. They change soil every year, and mark some off to spare, for they seek not a strenuous job in reaping from this fertile and vast land even greater yields—such as by planting apple orchards, or by fencing off fields; or by watering gardens; grain is the only thing they insist that the ground will provide. Tacitus discusses the shifting cultivation. The Migration Period in Europe after
SECTION 10
#1732781058232864-521: Is elaborate curvilinear rather than simple rectilinear; the forms and character of the ornamentation of the northern European weapons resemble Roman arms in some respects, while in other respects they are peculiar and evidently representative of northern art. The early first millennium BC marks the Iron Age in Eastern Europe. In the Pontic steppe and the Caucasus region , the Iron Age begins with
936-531: Is exemplified in the great cemetery of Hallstatt , discovered near Gmunden in 1846, where the forms of the implements and weapons of the later part of the Bronze Age are imitated in iron. In the Swiss or La Tène group of implements and weapons, the forms are new and the transition complete. The Celtic culture , or rather Proto-Celtic groups, had expanded to much of Central Europe ( Gauls ), and, following
1008-759: Is placed nearer to or farther from the opening years of the Christian era, but it is generally agreed that the last division of the Iron Age of Scandinavia, the Viking Period, is considered to be from 700 to 1000 AD, when paganism in those lands was superseded by Christianity. The Iron Age north of about the Rhine , beyond the Celts and then the Romans, is divided into two eras: the Pre-Roman Iron Age and
1080-516: Is served by North Berwick railway station . The North Berwick Line has provided a rail link with Edinburgh since 17 June 1850 and the line, now operated by ScotRail , is still the principal transit link between the town and the capital. The service takes 33 minutes and runs hourly with extra trains during peak commuting periods and on Saturdays. Combination rail-and-entry tickets for the Scottish Seabird Centre are available. There
1152-450: Is set locally. The Scottish author William Dalrymple (born 1965), whose work primarily focuses on British India , has roots in the town, with his family having once owned much of the area. William's father Sir Hew Hamilton-Dalrymple is the current and 10th Baronet of North Berwick. William is the youngest of four brothers. Since 1999, North Berwick has been twinned with Kerteminde , Denmark . Iron Age Europe In Europe,
1224-829: Is situated on the south shore of the Firth of Forth , approximately 20 miles (32 km) east-northeast of Edinburgh . North Berwick became a fashionable holiday resort in the nineteenth century because of its two sandy bays, the East (or Milsey) Bay and the West Bay, and continues to attract holidaymakers. Golf courses at the ends of each bay are open to visitors. The name Berwick means "barley farmstead" ( bere in Old English means "barley" and wic means "farmstead"). Alternatively, like other place names in Scotland ending in 'wick', this word means 'bay' (Old Norse: vík). The word North
1296-599: Is the smallest harbour in the UK. The estate is home to farming, the Seacliff Haulage depot and a small number of cottages. 56°03′06″N 2°38′06″W / 56.0518°N 2.6350°W / 56.0518; -2.6350 North Berwick North Berwick ( / ˈ b ɛ r ɪ k / ; Scottish Gaelic : Bearaig a Tuath ) is a seaside town and former royal burgh in East Lothian , Scotland . It
1368-752: Is well Sami who often have names such as; skridfinner, which is probably a later form, derived from skrithibinoi or some similar spelling. The two old terms, screrefennae and skrithifinoi, are probably origins in the sense of neither ski nor finn. Furthermore, in Jordanes' ethnographic description of Scandza are several tribes, and among these are finnaithae "who was always ready for battle" Mixi evagre and otingis that should have lived like wild beasts in mountain caves, "further from them" lived osthrogoth, raumariciae, ragnaricii, finnie, vinoviloth and suetidi that would last prouder than other people. Adam of Bremen describes Sweden, according to information he received from
1440-634: The Baltic Sea in the west to the Oka in the east, and between the Middle Dnieper in the south and northern Latvia to the north. In the first century A.D. , the Baltic people began mass production of iron from the available limonite , widely available in swamps . The local smiths learned to harden iron into steel , which resulted in tougher weapons than stone or horn instruments. In
1512-512: The Bass Rock castle ) erected a stone tower with a barmkin on the site; however they had abandoned it by 1420 in favour of the Bass, possibly as a result of conflict with the owners of nearby Tantallon Castle. In the fourteenth century the town became a baronial burgh under William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas , who then built nearby Tantallon Castle to consolidate his power. Later, during
SECTION 20
#17327810582321584-829: The Gallic invasion of the Balkans in 279 BC, as far east as central Anatolia ( Galatians ). In Central Europe, the prehistoric Iron Age ends with the Roman conquest. From the Hallstatt culture, the Iron Age spreads westwards with the Celtic expansion from the 6th century BC. In Poland, the Iron Age reaches the late Lusatian culture in about the 6th century, followed in some areas by the Pomeranian culture . The ethnic ascription of many Iron Age cultures has been bitterly contested, as
1656-538: The Greek Dark Ages , edged iron weapons were widely available, but a variety of explanations fits the available archaeological evidence. From around 1200 BC, the palace centers and outlying settlements of the Mycenaean culture began to be abandoned or destroyed, and by 1050 BC, the recognizable cultural features (such as Linear B script ) had disappeared. The Greek alphabet began in the 8th century BC. It
1728-492: The Iron Age is the last stage of the prehistoric period and the first of the protohistoric periods, which initially meant descriptions of a particular area by Greek and Roman writers. For much of Europe, the period came to an abrupt end after conquest by the Romans, though ironworking remained the dominant technology until recent times. Elsewhere, the period lasted until the early centuries AD, and either Christianization or
1800-578: The Koban and the Chernogorovka and Novocherkassk cultures from c. 900 BC . By 800 BC, it was spreading to Hallstatt culture via the alleged " Thraco-Cimmerian " migrations. Along with the Chernogorovka and Novocherkassk cultures, on the territory of ancient Russia and Ukraine the Iron Age is, to a significant extent, associated with Scythians , who developed iron culture since
1872-501: The National Museum of Flight at East Fortune. Robert Louis Stevenson (1850–1894) spent many holidays in the town during his childhood and as a young man. His father, Thomas Stevenson the engineer and lighthouse builder, took his family to stay in various locations in the town. The island of Fidra is said to be the original inspiration for Treasure Island , and much of his novel Catriona (the sequel to Kidnapped )
1944-778: The Roman Iron Age . In Scandinavia, further periods followed up to 1100: the Migration Period , the Vendel Period and the Viking Age . The earliest part of the Iron Age in northwestern Germany and southern Jutland was dominated by the Jastorf culture . Early Scandinavian iron production typically involved the harvesting of bog iron . The Scandinavian peninsula, Finland and Estonia show sophisticated iron production from c. 500 BC. Metalworking and Ananyino culture pottery co-occur to some extent. Another iron ore used
2016-539: The Royal Navy who established a top-secret research base there during World War I . The station, known as HMS Scottish Seacliff, was mainly used for navigation training and U-Boat defence. Robert Louis Stevenson was related to the Dale family, who still own and farm much of the land around Seacliff today. The area is largely unspoiled and attracts surfers, dog-walkers, riders and summer picnickers. Seacliff Harbour
2088-644: The brochs and duns of northern Scotland and the hillforts that dotted the islands . On the Iberian Peninsula , the Paleohispanic scripts began to be used between 7th century to the 5th century BC. These scripts were used until the end of the 1st century BC or the beginning of the 1st century AD. In 2017, a Celtic warrior's grave, dated to about BC 320 to 174, was discovered at a housing development under construction in Pocklington at
2160-694: The 13th–10th century BC with the Nuragic civilization, perhaps via Cyprus. The 'Celtic' culture had expanded to the group of islands of northwest Europe ( Insular Celts ) and Iberia ( Celtiberians , Celtici and Gallaeci ). In the British Isles , the British Iron Age lasted from about 800 BC until the Roman Conquest and until the 5th century in non-Romanized areas. Structures dating from this time are often impressive, for example,
2232-565: The 17th century. Troops were also stationed here to prevent landings by the French during the Napoleonic Wars in 1798. Before bloodshed touched the area, the 8th century Christian missionary Saint Baldred was based in nearby Scoughall , and several features of the area have been named after him, such as "Ghegan Rock" (Churchman's Haven). In quieter times, the ownership of the estate has changed hands on several occasions. Seacliff House
Seacliff - Misplaced Pages Continue
2304-744: The 6th century BC the first written sources dealing with the territory north of the Danube appear in Greek sources. By this time the Getae (and later the Daci ) had branched out from the Thracian-speaking populations. In Central Europe, the Iron Age is generally divided in the early Iron Age Hallstatt culture (HaC and D, 800–450 BC) and the late Iron Age La Tène culture (beginning in 450 BC). The transition from bronze to iron in Central Europe
2376-599: The 7th century BC. The majority of remains of their iron-producing and blacksmithing industries from the 5th to 3rd centuries BC was found near Nikopol in Kamenskoye Gorodishche , which is believed to be the specialized metallurgic region of the ancient Scythia . The Old Iron Age was an era of immense changes in the lands inhabited by the Balts , i.e. the territories from the Vistula Lagoon and
2448-613: The AD 800. Julius Caesar wrote about Svebians, "Commentarii de Bello Gallico, "book 4.1; they are not by private and secluded fields, "privati ac separati agri apud eos nihil est", they cannot stay more than one year in a place for cultivation's sake, "Neque longius anno remanere uno in loco colendi causa licet ". The Svebes lived between the Rhine and the Elbe. About the Germans, he wrote: No one has
2520-523: The Alps. In Northern Europe, there was usually only one crop harvested before grass growth took over, while in the south, suitable fall was used for several years and the soil was quickly exhausted. Slash and burn shifting cultivation, therefore, ceased much earlier in the south than the north. Most of the forests in the Mediterranean had disappeared by classical times. The classical authors wrote about
2592-681: The Central European Urnfield culture ( c. 1300 –750 BC), and 'Celtic' Hallstatt culture (which succeeded the Urnfield culture). Cremated remains were housed in double-cone shaped urns and buried. The Etruscans Old Italic alphabet spread throughout Italy from the 8th century. The Etruscan Iron Age was then ended with the rise of the Roman Republic , which conquered the last Etruscan city of Velzna in 264 BC. In Sardinia, iron working seems to have begun around
2664-481: The Danish king Sven Estridson or also called Sweyn II of Denmark in 1068: "It is very fruitful, the earth holds many crops and honey, it has a greater livestock than all other countries, there are a lot of useful rivers and forests, with regard to women they do not know moderation, they have for their economic position two, three, or more wives simultaneously, the rich and the rulers are innumerable." The latter indicates
2736-555: The Germans, whom he knew well from his stay with them. Rome was entirely dependent on shifting cultivation by the barbarians to survive and maintain " Pax Romana ", but when the supply from the colonies "trans alpina" began to wear out, the Roman Empire collapsed. Tacitus writes in AD 98 about the Germans: fields are proportionate to the participating growers, but they share their crops with each other by reputation. Distribution
2808-610: The Greek Dark Age. The traditional material from which the literary epics were drawn treats the Mycenaean Bronze Age culture from the perspective of the Iron Age and later Greece. Notable and autochthonous groups of peoples and tribes of Southeastern Europe organised themselves in large tribal unions such as the Thracian Odrysian kingdom in the east of Southeastern Europe in the 5th century BC. By
2880-456: The High Street was the main street in the medieval burgh, rather than Quality Street that had been hypothesized. Excavations have shown that from as early as the eighth century, a ferry crossing to Earlsferry , near Elie in Fife was in existence, serving pilgrims on their way to the shrine of Saint Andrew . North Berwick Harbour was built in the twelfth century to meet the demands made of
2952-682: The Iron Age is marked by new cultural groupings, or at least terms for them, with the Late Bronze Age Mycenaean Greece collapsing in some confusion, while in Central Europe the Urnfield culture had already given way to the Hallstatt culture . In north Italy the Villanovan culture is regarded as the start of Etruscan civilization . Like its successor La Tène culture , Hallstatt is regarded as Celtic . Further to
Seacliff - Misplaced Pages Continue
3024-502: The MSP for East Lothian since 2021 . There are three councillors for North Berwick Coastal. There are several churches in the town. These include: North Berwick is served by Law Primary School, and North Berwick High School for secondary school-age children, which has an excellent reputation, frequently outperforming other East Lothian district schools in annual examination tables. Films which have shots of North Berwick include: The town
3096-460: The Nordic countries it has survived. The clans in pre-Roman Italy seemed to be living in temporary locations rather than established cities. They cultivated small patches of land, guarded their sheep and their cattle, traded with foreign merchants, and at times fought with one another: etruscans, umbriere, ligurianere, sabinere, Latinos, campaniere, apulianere, faliscanere, and samniter, just to mention
3168-492: The Roman Empire and immediately before the Viking Age suggests that it was still more profitable for the peoples of Central Europe to move on to new forests after the best parcels were exhausted than to wait for the new forest to grow up. Therefore, the peoples of the temperate zone in Europe slash and burners, remained for as long as the forests permitted. This exploitation of forests explains this rapid and elaborate move. But
3240-632: The Yorkshire Wolds. After archeologists completed a very long excavation project, the site was found to include a bronze shield, remains of a chariot and the skeletons of ponies. The shield's boss bears a resemblance to the Wandsworth shield boss (circa BC 350 to 150), owned by the British Museum . One design element on the extremely well-preserved Pocklington shield, a scalloped border, "is not comparable to any other Iron Age finds across Europe, adding to its valuable uniqueness", said Paula Ware, managing director at MAP Archaeological Practice Ltd in late 2019. Horses were rarely included in Iron Age burials, making
3312-456: The area in the form of several Iron Age Cist burials. One of the largest excavations occurred when many of the water mains in the town were replaced in the 2000s and archaeologists monitored the work. These excavations found the first evidence of the city walls - all towns of Scotland on the east coast were required by an Act of Parliament (1503) to build walls, but until then there was no evidence that they were ever built. It also found that
3384-416: The author Procopius provides information on the big island Scandza, which the Goths come from. He expects that of the tribes who live here, some are adogit living far north with 40 days of the midnight sun. After adogit come screrefennae and suehans who also live in the north. Screrefennae moved a lot and did not bring to the field crops, but made their living by hunting and collecting bird eggs. Suehans
3456-435: The cloudy weather and frequent rain. In the spring they drove the cattle up into the mountain pastures and stayed there all summer." This description may fit well with Norwegian coast. Here is an instance of both dairy farming and drying/threshing in a building. In Italy, shifting cultivation was already a thing of the past at the birth of Christ. Tacitus describes it as the strange cultivation methods he had experienced among
3528-490: The east and north, and in Iberia and the Balkans , there are a number of local terms for the early Iron Age culture. Roman Iron Age is a term used in the archaeology of Northern Europe (but not Britain) for the period when the unconquered peoples of the area lived under the influence of the Roman Empire . The Iron Age in Europe is characterized by an elaboration of designs in weapons, implements, and utensils. These are no longer cast but hammered into shape, and decoration
3600-405: The existing ferry trade. This ferry was recently reinstated; during the summer, a boat travels between North Berwick and Anstruther in Fife, in homage to the original ferry. Around 1150, Duncan, Earl of Fife of the Clan MacDuff founded an influential Cistercian nunnery (whose power continued until the Scottish Reformation , and its dissolution in 1588). Duncan's family shortly afterwards, at
3672-498: The fifteenth century, the town became a royal burgh in the reign of James I of Scotland . The "Auld Kirk Green" at the harbour was allegedly used for gatherings by the accused in the North Berwick Witch Trials (1590–92). Legend has it that Satan himself attended a ritual there in 1590. During the sixteenth century at least 70 people were implicated in the Witch Trials, and the events inspired works such as Burns' "Tam o' Shanter" and "The Thirteenth Member" by Mollie Hunter . One of
SECTION 50
#17327810582323744-450: The find particularly significant. "The discoveries are set to widen our understanding of the Arras (Middle Iron Age) culture and the dating of artefacts to secure contexts is exceptional," according to Paula Ware. The early Iron Age forms of Scandinavia show no traces of Roman influence, though such influences become abundant toward the middle of the period. The duration of the Iron Age is variously estimated according to how its commencement
3816-435: The forest could not tolerate this in the long run; it first ended in the Mediterranean. The forest here did not have the same vitality as the powerful coniferous forest in Central Europe. Deforestation was partly caused by burning for pasture fields. Missing timber delivery led to higher prices and more stone constructions in the Roman Empire (Stewart 1956 123). The forest also decreased gradually northwards in Europe, but in
3888-421: The great forests (Semple 1931 261–296). Homer writes of wooded Samothrace , Zakynthos , Sicily and other wooded land. The authors give us the general impression that the Mediterranean countries had more forest than now, but that it had already lost much forest, and that it was left there in the mountains (Darby 1956 186). It is clear that Europe remained wooded, and not only in the north. However, during
3960-413: The hillside with good drainage, and traces of cattle quarters are evident here. The Greek explorer and merchant Pytheas of Massalia made a voyage to Northern Europe c. 330 BC. Part of his itinerary has survived to this day thanks to the accounts by Polybius , Strabo and Pliny . Pytheas had visited Thule , which lay a six-day voyage north of Britain . There "the barbarians showed us the place where
4032-432: The jawbone arch first erected atop the Law in 1709, suggest that the port was involved in the whaling industry, though there is little written evidence to prove it. If so, it would have been a minor participant in the industry, overshadowed by nearby Leith . Certainly, whales have washed ashore at North Berwick over the years, even in recent times. Despite the railway arriving in 1850, the Industrial Revolution bypassed
4104-532: The late Roman Iron Age and early Viking Age , forest areas drastically reduced in Northern Europe, and settlements were regularly moved. There is no good explanation for this mobility, and the transition to stable settlements from the late Viking period, as well as the transition from shifting cultivation to stationary use of arable land. At the same time plows appears as a new group of implements were found both in graves and in depots. It can be confirmed that early agricultural people preferred forest of good quality in
4176-433: The migration Period in Europe. The exploitation of forests demanded constant displacement, and large areas were deforested. Locations of the tribes described by Jordanes in Norway, contemporary with, and some possibly ruled by Rodulf . Jordanes was of Gothic descent and ended up as a monk in Italy. In his work De origine actibusque Getarum ( The Origin and Deeds of the Getae/Goths ), the Gothic origins and achievements,
4248-422: The most famous witch trials at North Berwick was that of Agnes Sampson . She was accused of making a potion to create rough storms in the North Sea as King James VI was sailing home from Denmark with his new wife, Anne of Denmark . The trial took place in 1591, attended by King James. Agnes Sampson was tortured to confess, and then burnt at the stake, like many other innocent people. Local lore, place names, and
4320-584: The most part, and like nomads, they pack all their goods in wagons and go on to wherever they want. Horazius writes in 17 BC (Carmen säculare, 3, 24, 9 ff .) about the people of Macedonia. The proud Getae also live happily, growing free food and cereal for themselves on land that they do not want to cultivate for more than a year, "vivunt et rigidi Getae, immetata quibus iugera liberal fruges et Cererem freunt, nec cultura placet longior annua." Several classical writers have descriptions of shifting cultivation people. Many peoples' various shifting cultivations characterized
4392-402: The roots of Germanic , Baltic and Slavic peoples were sought in this area. In Italy, the Iron Age was probably introduced by the Villanovan culture , which succeeded the Bronze Age Proto-Villanovan culture in the territory of Tuscany and northern Latium and spread in parts of Romagna , Campania and Fermo in the Marche . The burial characteristics relate the Villanovan culture to
SECTION 60
#17327810582324464-544: The shadow of the glorious history of the Roman Empire. Many of the Italic tribes realized the benefits of allying with the powerful Romans. When Rome built the Via Amerina 241 BC, the Faliscan people established themselves in cities on the plains, and they collaborated with the Romans on road construction. The Roman Senate gradually gained representatives from many Faliscan and Etruscan families. The Italic tribes are now settled farmers. (Zwingle, National Geographic, January 2005). An edition of Commentarii de Bello Gallico from
4536-425: The start of the thirteenth century built North Berwick Castle erecting a wooden motte and bailey on the site of what is now Castle Hill in the east end of the town, at the start of Tantallon Terrace. This castle was attacked and held by the Earl of Pembroke around 1306; the English abandoned it by 1314, during the aftermath of the Battle of Bannockburn . Late in the fourteenth century the Lauder family (owners of
4608-399: The sun does not go to sleep. It happened because there the night was very short -- in some places two, in others three hours -- so that the sun shortly after its fall soon went up again." He says that Thule was a fertile land, "rich in fruits that were ripe only until late in the year, and the people there used to prepare a drink of honey. And they threshed the grain in large houses, because of
4680-402: The town. The late-nineteenth century saw North Berwick develop golfing and holiday facilities. The town soon became popular as a home for Edinburgh commuters and retirees. The size and population of the town remained fairly steady until the 1970s, at which point housebuilding began in earnest around the periphery of the town, first to the south (1950s–70s), then in a series of major expansions to
4752-423: The west (1980s-present) along the line of the railway. There is talk of further developments focussing on "affordable housing", on the south side of the town. While the population has grown significantly but not truly "exploded", house prices have rocketed since the 1950s. North Berwick consistently appears at the top of national house price surveys, and like-for-like prices are comparable to Edinburgh. North Berwick
4824-433: The white plumage of seabirds, and their white guano , which cover much of its surface. The seabirds can be observed at close range through remote cameras operated from the Scottish Seabird Centre near the harbour. Kenny MacAskill of the Alba Party has served as the Member of Parliament for East Lothian since 2019 . Former East Lothian Council leader Paul McLennan of the Scottish National Party (SNP) has served as
4896-405: Was ironsand (such as red soil ). Its high phosphorus content can be identified in slag . Such slag is sometimes found together with asbestos-ceramic-associated axe types belonging to the Ananyino culture . In Southern Europe climates, forests consisted of open evergreen and pine forests. After slash and burn techniques these forests had little capacity for regrowth than the forests north of
4968-486: Was a seminomadic tribe that had good horses like Thüringians and ran fur hunting to sell the skins. It was too far north to grow grain. Prokopios, ca. AD 550, also describes a primitive hunter people he calls skrithifinoi. These pitiful creatures had neither wine nor corn, for they did not grow any crops. "Both men and women engaged incessantly just in hunting the rich forests and mountains, which gave them an endless supply of game and wild animals." Screrefennae and skrithifinoi
5040-535: Was applied to distinguish this Berwick from Berwick-upon-Tweed , which throughout the Middle Ages the Scots called South Berwick. It was recorded as Northberwyk in 1250. On the south side of North Berwick Law there is evidence of at least 18 hut circles , rich middens and a field system dating from 2,000 years ago. There have been numerous archaeological excavations in the town that have uncovered evidence of North Berwick's medieval and modern remains. One such excavation found evidence of pre-medieval occupation of
5112-648: Was built in 1750 by Robert Colt. It was later bought by George Sligo who in 1841 employed the famous Scottish architect David Bryce to build a new house in baronial style on the core of the older house. From 1854 until 1885 the house was owned by the orientalist John Watson Laidlay and he lived here with his family including Johnny Laidlay . In 1907 the house was gutted by fire, killing the owner, Andrew Laidlay. Although plans were drawn up by Robert Lorimer for its restoration in 1911 these were never carried out. The exterior survives almost complete with gables, turrets and bartizans. The outbuildings were later purchased by
5184-526: Was listed as the most expensive seaside town in Scotland in 2006, and was second to St. Andrews in 2009. In 2021, it was voted best place to live in Scotland. Several of the Islands of the Forth are near the town and visible from it: e.g. Fidra , Lamb , Craigleith , and the Bass Rock ; the last-named hosts a thriving colony of seabirds, including puffins and gannets . The Bass Rock appears white due to
#231768