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54-631: A season ticket , or season pass , is a ticket that grants privileges over a defined period of time. The Oxford English Dictionary has illustrative quotations which show the term season ticket used in the United States in 1820 for theatre tickets ; and in the United Kingdom in 1836 for boat travel and 1862 for rail transport . In sports , a season ticket grants the holder access to all regular-season home games for one season without additional charges. The ticket usually offers

108-478: A wicket . By extension, the term is frequently used, especially in the context of the film industry , as a metonym for the amount of business a particular production, such as a film or theatre show, receives. The term is also used to refer to a ticket office at an arena or a stadium . Box office business can be measured in terms of the number of tickets sold or the amount of money raised by ticket sales ( revenue ). The projection and analysis of these earnings

162-548: A centralized basis from theaters rather than each theater chain collating their own numbers from other theater chains. The company later became National Gross Service then Entertainment Data, Inc. (EDI). Except for disclosures by the studios on very successful films, total domestic (U.S. and Canada) box office gross information for films was not readily available until National Gross Service started to collate this data around 1981. The collation of grosses led to wider reporting of domestic box office grosses for films. Arthur D. Murphy,

216-471: A coach (bus) operator or a travel agent to confirm that an individual has reserved a seat on a coach. This document is then used to obtain travel on the operators coach fleet. Only with this ticket is the passenger allowed to board the coach. A paper ticket is only good for the coach operator for which it was purchased. Usually the paper ticket is for a specific journey. It is sometimes possible to purchase an 'open' ticket which allows travel on any coach between

270-557: A discounted price over purchasing a ticket for each concert or play in a series or all concerts or plays in a season. In public transport , a season ticket allows the user to travel by public transport an unlimited number of times within a period of time. The term "commuter pass" is used in some countries. Season tickets are typically sold for a week, month or year. The validity of season tickets varies. At one extreme it may only allow travel between two points (A to B) by only one operator and one route (if there are more than one competing). At

324-553: A discounted price over purchasing a ticket for each of the home games for a season individually. In some sports, season ticket holders are usually allowed to buy tickets for other home games (such as the playoffs ) earlier than other fans, and may be given priority when buying tickets for their team's allocation at an away game . Seats assigned to season tickets are generally the better ones in their seating section. Season ticket holders are frequently offered preferred seating at special events or extra games. Margaret Donahue came up with

378-504: A former U.S. Navy lieutenant at Variety was one of the first to organize and chart that information and report it in a meaningful form. During the 1980s, Daily Variety started to publish a weekly chart of the domestic box office grosses of films collated from the studios as compared to the Top 50 chart in Variety which was based on a sample of theatre grosses from key markets. Gradually

432-454: A free seating ticket means that a seat is guaranteed, just not a specific one. Paper or card is generally used, although plastic may be used instead for durability. Some have a barcode or magnetic stripe for keeping simple data stored on them; higher end tickets include chips that store more data and prevent counterfeiting. A paper ticket often is perforated so it can be separated into two parts, one (the ticket stub ) to be kept by

486-430: A limitation to the number of people who can use the same multi-use ticket at the same time. After its original use, tickets can serve as a collectible item and collecting them is an internationally spread hobby. A ticket's value for collectors is mainly based on the event connected to it. Other important criteria for collectors might be rarity, theme, or even a country of issue. Collectors typically use online catalogs as

540-420: A list of films that had achieved or gave promise of earning $ 4,000,000 or more in domestic (U.S. and Canada) theatrical rentals . This became a leading source of data for a film's performance. Variety would publish an updated all-time list annually for over 50 years, normally in their anniversary edition each January. The anniversary edition would also normally contain the list of the top performing films of

594-404: A place where one has to wait one's turn, there may be the system that one takes a ticket with a number from a dispenser. This system is usually found in hospitals and surgeries , and at offices where many people visit, like town halls , social security offices, labor exchanges , or post offices . Another form of virtual queuing is where the ticket carries a time-slot on it, rather than just

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648-521: A problem at high-priced concerts and other events, so holograms are used on tickets for the FIFA World Cup , Olympic Games , Super Bowl , and other high-profile events. The fraudulent practice of passing-back a ticket can be overcome by making the ticket in the form of a tamper-proof wristband. When paying online for admission one may get a code, or a ticket that can be printed out, or shown on one's mobile device to be scanned or verified by

702-403: A sequentially incremented number. This type of ticket would allow someone to do other things and then return for a roller-coaster ride, for example, without having to actually stand and wait in line. NFT ( non-fungible token ) ticketing uses blockchain technology to create immutable digital tickets, replacing or complementing their paper counterparts. A coach ticket is a document created by

756-421: A text from the operator to act as a ticket with a unique reference number. A pass is a special ticket, representing some subscription , in particular for unlimited use of a service or collection of services. Sometimes the pass replaces the tickets, sometimes it entitles the holder to free tickets. In the latter case, typically both the pass and the ticket has to be shown at the ticket check. Alternatively, there

810-462: Is greatly important for the creative industries and often a source of interest for fans. This is predominant in the Hollywood movie industry . To determine if a movie made a profit, it is not correct to directly compare the box office gross with the production budget , because the movie theater keeps nearly half of the gross on average. The split varies from movie to movie, and the percentage for

864-408: Is now also used. In particular, the weekend box office for the initial week of release, or opening weekend, is often widely reported. (See List of highest-grossing openings for films .) Theaters is the number of theaters in which the movie is showing. Since a single theater may show a movie on multiple screens, the total number of screens or engagements is used as another measure. The theaters measure

918-467: Is often incomplete due to the way box office reporting evolved, especially in the U.S., and the availability of information prior to the introduction of the internet. Variety started reporting box office results by theatre on March 3, 1922, to give exhibitors around the country information on a film's performance on Broadway, which was often where first run showings of a film were held. In addition to New York City, they also endeavoured to include all of

972-429: Is the discount pass, for services such as those above: for a fee per unit time (or as a benefit on other grounds) one gets a discount on each purchase. Alternatively, a multi-use ticket (either valid a limited time, or indefinitely) may provide a discount. For example, a pass for entering a cinema 6 times within a year may cost the price of 4 or 5 tickets. A multi-use ticket may or may not be personal. If not, there may be

1026-413: Is used to classify whether a film is in wide release , meaning at least 600 theaters, or limited release which is less than 600 theaters. Occasionally, a film may achieve wide release after an initial limited release; Little Miss Sunshine is an example of this. Gross refers to gross earnings. On average, the movie's distributor receives a little more than half of the final gross (often referred to as

1080-543: The coronavirus pandemic . Only drive-in theaters , which are typically not included in box office reporting, remained open. The average ticket price (ATP) is the average cost to purchase a film ticket at the box office in any given year. According to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics , the ATP is "calculated as the total revenues generated from tickets sales divided by the number of feature film tickets sold during

1134-468: The "distributor rentals", especially for box office reporting of older films. Ceramic money boxes were used at the sixteenth-century Globe Theatre and Rose Theatre in London, where many examples have been found during archaeological investigations. They were possibly used by the "gatherer" at the entrance to the theatres, who collected the admission money. There is disagreement, however, around whether

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1188-479: The 1930s, BoxOffice magazine published a Barometer issue in January, which reported the performance of movies for the year expressed as percentages. In 1946, Variety started to publish a weekly National Box Office survey on page 3 indicating the performance of the week's hits and flops based on the box office results of 25 key U.S. cities. Later in 1946, Variety published a list of All-Time Top Grossers with

1242-574: The Friday grosses sourced from Exhibitor Relations so that they were publicly available for free online on Saturdays and posted the Sunday estimates on Sundays. In July 2008, Box Office Mojo was purchased by Amazon.com through its subsidiary , IMDb . Rentrak started tracking box office data from point of sale in 2001 and started to rival EDI in providing the studios with data. In December 2009, Rentrak acquired Nielsen EDI for $ 15 million, and became

1296-617: The North American ticket sales by dividing the domestic box office gross by the average ticket price (ATP) of a given year, a method that Box Office India uses to estimate Indian footfalls (ticket sales). See List of films by box office admissions for the films with the highest known estimated ticket sales. For lists of films which are major box-office hits, see List of highest-grossing films , List of films by box office admissions and Lists of highest-grossing films . Films that are considered to have been very unsuccessful at

1350-476: The UK, moved into Germany in 1993 and Spain in 1995 reporting box office data for those markets. EDI were acquired by ACNielsen Corporation in 1997 for $ 26 million and became Nielsen EDI. By the 1990s, Daily Variety started to report studio's weekend estimates from Sundays on Monday mornings which led to other media reporting the data earlier. When Entertainment Weekly was launched in 1990 it started to publish

1404-402: The United States and Canada, and foreign which includes all other countries. Weekly box office figures are now normally taken to be from Friday through Thursday to allow for the fact that most films are officially released in the United States on a Friday. With Variety being published for many years every Wednesday, most weekly box office figures they reported from the 1920s to the 1990s were for

1458-1034: The ability to watch every episode of a chosen season at one's leisure on a computer or mobile device. The use of battle passes as a means of video game monetization was first used within the Dota 2 esports tournament The International 2013 , which provided a purchasable season pass to viewers rewarding them with in-game items for their viewership. Such battle passes gained more in free to play games following consumer and governmental backlash against loot boxes . By 2020, games like Fortnite and Apex Legends frequently used battle passes based around themed seasons and offering in-game items designed towards that theme. Other examples of venues that often offer season passes include amusement parks, recreational sports venues (ski areas), and paid-admission parks (state and national parks). Some passes may also grant additional perks, such as free or prepaid parking, or coupons exclusive to pass-holders. Ticket (admission) Members of

1512-416: The box office are called box-office bombs or box office flops. For a list of these films, see List of biggest box-office bombs . Inflation Adjustment There are two main methods of box office inflation. First, used by boxofficemojo and comscore, To adjust it for inflation (or see what it might have made in the past), the estimated number of tickets sold is multiplied by the average ticket price of

1566-401: The customer, and one to be kept by the ticket controller. Whether or not one can leave and reenter with the customer's ticket stub only varies. It may not be allowed to avoid subsequent use of one ticket by multiple people, or even simultaneous use by giving the ticket to someone before the ticket check (if this is physically possible), but it may also be allowed, e.g., in a movie theatre to allow

1620-464: The destinations listed on the ticket. The cost for doing this is often greater than a ticket for a specific journey. Some tickets are refundable. However the lower cost tickets are usually not refundable and may carry many additional restrictions. It is now common for a traveller to print out tickets online and use these on coaches instead of having tickets sent to them in the traditional way. Many coach operators use this system to save costs; some allow

1674-410: The distributor is generally higher in early weeks. Usually the distributor gets a percentage of the revenue after first deducting a "house allowance" or "house nut". It is also common that the distributor gets either a percentage of the gross revenue, or a higher percentage of the revenue after deducting the nut, whichever is larger. The distributor's share of the box office gross is often referred to as

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1728-410: The episodes of a season of a television show , even if their airings are rescheduled or pre-empted. Similar functions are available on competitive digital video recorder systems and software packages, such as ReplayTV and IceTV . With the advent of digital streaming services, such as Netflix and digital video stores like iTunes and Google Play Store , one can also purchase a season pass to gain

1782-523: The focus of a film's performance became its box office gross rather than the rentals that Variety continued to report annually. Prior to the tracking of these grosses, domestic or worldwide box office grosses is not available for many earlier films so the only domestic or worldwide data available is still often the rental figures. Murphy started to publish Art Murphy's Box Office Register annually from 1984 detailing U.S. box office grosses. In 1984, EDI started to report Canadian grosses as well and by 1985

1836-699: The idea to sell season tickets for the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball in 1929. Season passes are commonly used for winter sports, but were originally in American ski resorts a privilege for club members and investors. However, in 2000 a discounting movement across the US triggered a price war and increased the widespread use of season passes. A season ticket is also an option for many music venues (including Opera, Ballet, Symphony houses) and repertory theatre companies. The season subscription usually offers

1890-405: The information source for tickets. In addition to acquiring tickets by themselves, collectors often trade between each other or purchase used tickets from online marketplaces. Box office A box office or ticket office is a place where tickets are sold to the public for admission to an event. Patrons may perform the transaction at a countertop , through a hole in a wall or window, or at

1944-479: The key cities in the U.S. in future and initially also reported results for 10 other cities including Chicago and Los Angeles. In 1929, the first issue of The Motion Picture Almanac was released and included a list of the top 104 grossing films for the past year. In 1932, Variety published the studios' top-grossing films of the year and has maintained this tradition annually since. In 1937, BoxOffice magazine]began publishing box office reports. Beginning in

1998-514: The number of tickets sold at the box office. In countries such as France, box office reporting was historically reported in terms of admissions, with rules regulated by the government and fines issued if exhibitors failed to report the data. Other countries which historically reported box office figures in terms of admissions include European countries such as Germany, Italy, and Spain, the Soviet Union , and South Korea. Box Office Mojo estimates

2052-461: The other extreme, it may allow unlimited travel within a geographic area, or even a whole country, allowing free choice of method of transportation ( bus , tram , train , etc.) and free choice of operating company. In television, a season ticket refers to the term invented by the manufacturers of the TiVo digital video recorder for the function which allows a user to program the device to record all

2106-434: The public can buy a ticket at a ticket window or counter, called a box office in the entertainment industry (this term is also used for the total receipts), or in some cases online or by telephone. The ticket check may also be located at the box office, or it may be elsewhere. Tickets may also be available from resellers , which typically are commercial enterprises that purchase tickets in bulk and resell them to members of

2160-437: The public, adding a surcharge; consumers buy from resellers for reasons of convenience and availability. The convenience factor relates to being able to obtain tickets locally and being able to make alternate selections on the spot, if the preferred performance is not available. The availability factor relates to the fact that all tickets may have been sold out at the box office, requiring the purchaser to either obtain tickets from

2214-412: The rentals) with the remainder going to the exhibitor (i.e., movie theater). Multiple is the ratio of a film's total gross to that of the opening weekend. A film that earns $ 20 million on its opening weekend and finishes with $ 80 million has a multiple of 4. From 2004 to 2014, films viewers graded as A+ on CinemaScore had a 4.8 multiple, while films graded as F had a 2.2 multiple. Admissions refers to

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2268-408: The reseller, or not to attend the event (or at least not see the particular performance of choice). Sometimes, for some bus or train journeys, both free or allocated seating are available, typically with an increased charge for a reserved seat. On some conveyances, a passenger with a free seating ticket on a bus or train carries the risk of having to stand. In contrast, in an arena, cinema, or theatre,

2322-634: The selected year. Second, Using CPI of respective country. Both methods have some flaws. I first, content of movies change over time, then number of ticket sold may increase or decreas. In second, ATP of movies increased exponentially in 1990s but CPI increased slower than ATP. A third method is also available, In which we can use APT of movies as CPI and adjust box office. There are numerous websites that monitor box-office receipts, such as BoxOffice , Box Office Mojo , The Numbers , Box Office India , and ShowBIZ Data . These sites provide box office information for hundreds of movies. Data for older movies

2376-539: The sole provider of worldwide box office ticket sales revenue and attendance information which is used by many of the websites noted above. On October 23, 2019, Box Office Mojo unveiled a dramatic redesign resembling IMDb, and was rebranded as "Box Office Mojo by IMDbPro" with some of the content move to the subscription based IMDbPro. US box office reporting largely paused for the first time in 26 years in March 2020, as nearly all theaters nationwide were closed because of

2430-426: The stub holder to use the facilities (restroom, telephone, water fountain) or buy, during a movie, a snack or drink before the ticket check and reenter. A ticket may be printed in advance, or fully or partly printed when issued, or it may be a printed form that is completed in handwriting (e.g., by a train conductor who does not carry a ticket machine, but just a supply of forms and a pen). Counterfeit tickets are

2484-419: The term originates from this time, as the objects could have been carried by the many snack-sellers attending the audiences; they too needed a convenient and secure way to collect their customers' cash. There is no record of the term being used until the eighteenth century. The term "box office" was being used from at least 1741, deriving from the office from which tickets for theatre boxes were sold (although

2538-460: The ticket taker. At the premises, it is made sure that the same right of admission is not used by other parties. Internet ticket fraud has become widespread, with authentic-looking but fake ticket websites is taking customers' money and not delivering the tickets, notably for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games (through websites not based in China). Free tickets are applied in virtual queueing . In

2592-569: The top 10 box office weekend lists from Exhibitor Relations and the company was also supplying box office data to companies such as the Los Angeles Times , CNN and the Associated Press . In 1994, Variety published their first annual global box office chart showing the top 100 grossing films internationally for the prior year. On August 7, 1998, Box Office Mojo was launched by Brandon Gray and in 1999 he started posting

2646-600: The use of "box" for a private section from which to watch the play was in use in 1609); this is the derivation favoured by the Oxford English Dictionary . Total ticket sales were being termed box office from at least 1904. The following is film industry specific terminology used by box office reporters such as Variety and Box Office Mojo . For films released in North America, box office figures are usually divided between domestic, meaning

2700-402: The week from Thursday to Wednesday. A large component of the weekly gross is the weekend box office. Historically, this was reported as the box office receipts around Friday through Sunday plus any public holidays close to the weekend, such as a 4-day Memorial Day weekend, however, with the increased regularity of reporting of box office figures, a comparable 3-day figure for the Friday to Sunday

2754-417: The year of reference." Box-office figures are reported in the form of either gross receipts or distributor rentals, the latter being especially true of older films. Commonly mistaken for home video revenue, the rentals are the distributor's share of the film's theatrical revenue i.e. the box office gross less the exhibitor's cut. Historically, the rental price averaged at 30–40% when the distributors owned

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2808-430: The year. In the late 1960s, Variety used an IBM 360 computer to collate the grosses from their weekly reports of 22 to 24 U.S. cities from January 1, 1968. The data came from up to 800 theatres which represented around 5% of the U.S. cinema population at the time but around one-third of the total U.S. box office grosses. In 1969, Variety started to publish a list of the top 50 grossing films each week. The Love Bug

2862-434: Was reporting data for 15,000 screens. In 1987, EDI set up a database of box office information which included data on certain films back to 1970. By 1991, all U.S. studios had agreed to share their complete data reports with EDI. By then box office results were publicized, with Entertainment Tonight segments on the weekend's top films, increasing public discussion of poorly performing films. In 1990, EDI opened an office in

2916-458: Was the number one on the first chart published for the week ending April 16, 1969. The chart was discontinued in 1990. In 1974, Nat Fellman founded Exhibitor Relations Co., the first company set up to track box office grosses, which it collected from the studios. Two years later, Marcy Polier, an employee of the Mann theater chain, set up Centralized Grosses to collate U.S. daily box office data on

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