167-707: Village East by Angelika (also Village East , originally the Louis N. Jaffe Art Theatre , and formerly known by several other names) is a movie theater at 189 Second Avenue , on the corner with 12th Street, in the East Village of Manhattan in New York City . Part of the former Yiddish Theatre District , the theater was designed in the Moorish Revival style by Harrison Wiseman and built from 1925 to 1926 by Louis Jaffe. In addition to Yiddish theatre ,
334-415: A digital cinema format that uses dual 2K resolution projectors and a screen with a 1.90:1 aspect ratio; this system is designed primarily for use in retrofitted multiplexes, using screens significantly smaller than those normally associated with IMAX. In 2015, IMAX introduced an updated "IMAX with Laser" format, using 4K resolution laser projectors. The term " premium large format " ( PLF ) emerged in
501-412: A movie house , cinema hall , picture house , picture theater , the pictures , or simply theater , is a business that contains auditoriums for viewing films for public entertainment. Most are commercial operations catering to the general public, who attend by purchasing tickets . The film is projected with a movie projector onto a large projection screen at the front of the auditorium while
668-651: A movie house , film house , film theater , cinema or picture house . In the US, theater has long been the preferred spelling, while in the UK, Australia, Canada and elsewhere it is theatre . However, some US theaters opt to use the British spelling in their own names, a practice supported by the National Association of Theatre Owners , while apart from Anglophone North America most English-speaking countries use
835-684: A 1,082-seat movie theater, the Stuyvesant Theatre, around March 1946. The theater continued to screen films until 1953. In October 1953, Norris Houghton and T. Edward Hambleton formed the Phoenix Theatre company and leased the Jaffe Art Theatre, initially for a series of five plays. The Phoenix Theatre was a pioneering project in the development of off-Broadway , with a different approach to legitimate theatre than found on Broadway . Houghton and Hambleton had wanted
1002-944: A 1931 interview: "He is a sincere actor. The theatre is more to him than just a job." The Yiddish Art Theatre operated for more than three decades, until 1950, performing a rotating repertoire of 150 plays, including classics of Yiddish, European, and English theatre, ranging from works by Sholem Aleichem to William Shakespeare. Schwartz took his company on a tour to Europe in 1924 and to South America in 1929. Schwartz's most lauded featured roles were as "Reb Malech" in Israel Joshua Singer 's Yoshe Kalb , "Luka" in Maxim Gorki 's The Lower Depths , Oswald in Henrick Ibsen 's Ghosts , Shylock in William Shakespeare 's The Merchant of Venice , at
1169-538: A 24-year-old woman from Brest-Litovsk , Belarus , who had been in the United States about a decade. She was initially involved with Kessler's Yiddish theater as well. She became his business partner, helping run the theatre. They remained married until Schwartz's death. In 1947 the couple adopted two Polish Jewish war orphans, Moses and Fannie Englander , aged 9- and 8-years old, respectively. After losing their parents Abraham Joseph and Chana Englander in 1942,
1336-648: A Jew . This was followed in the 1974–1975 season by another Aleichem play, Dos Groyse Gevins ("The Big Winner"), as well as a short run of A Wedding in Shtetel . Senyar Holding Company, a firm owned by Martin Raynes, took ownership of the theater in March 1975. During the 1975–1976 season, the Eden hosted Sylvia Regan's musical The Fifth Season . The theater had become the 12th Street Cinema by mid-1976, but this use only lasted
1503-573: A better view. Many modern theaters have accessible seating areas for patrons in wheelchairs. See also luxury screens below. Canada was the first country in the world to have a two-screen theater. The Elgin Theatre in Ottawa, Ontario became the first venue to offer two film programs on different screens in 1957 when Canadian theater-owner Nat Taylor converted the dual screen theater into one capable of showing two different movies simultaneously. Taylor
1670-537: A break in between. Separate admission for a short subject is rare; it is either an extra before a feature film or part of a series of short films sold as one admission (this mainly occurs at film festivals). (See also anthology film .) In the early decades of "talkie" films, many movie theaters presented a number of shorter items in addition to the feature film. This might include a newsreel , live-action comedy short films, documentary short films, musical short films, or cartoon shorts (many classic cartoons series such as
1837-480: A brown-brick facade, extending westward along 12th Street. The site is a block north of St. Mark's Church . The theater was built by Louis Jaffe, a developer and prominent Jewish community leader, for Maurice Schwartz 's Yiddish Art Theatre , which presented works in Yiddish . The theater was designed in the Moorish Revival style by Harrison Wiseman, while William Pogany consulted on the interior design. Despite
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#17328013300662004-877: A contract with Michael Thomashevsky 's Green Street Theatre in Philadelphia. Schwartz was briefly married to Eva Rafalo, a contralto singer born in Cincinnati, Ohio , whom he met while touring with an acting company. {citation: Marriage: "Ohio, U.S., County Marriage Records, 1774-1993" Original data: Marriage Records. Ohio Marriages. Various Ohio County Courthouses Ancestry Record 61378 #900618693 (accessed 10 June 2024) Eva Rafalo (23), daughter of Isaac Rafalo & Bertha Sclovsky, marriage to Morris Schwartz on 11 Jul 1911 in Hamilton, Ohio, USA. } They were divorced by 1911, after which he returned full-time to New York. Eva and her older sister Clara Rafalo were both actresses in
2171-414: A decorative border. Above the promenade are four rectangular panels and one square panel, each with cartouches at its center, in addition to recessed lighting. Small staircases at the western and eastern ends of the promenade lead up to the top of the balcony-level seating. The auditorium has an orchestra level, a balcony, boxes , and a proscenium arch that originally had a stage behind it. The auditorium
2338-482: A facade of cast stone . The auditorium is housed in the rear along 12th Street. The first story contains storefronts and a lobby, while the second and third stories contained offices, which were converted into apartments in the 1960s. The main lobby connects to another lobby along 12th Street with a promenade behind the auditorium. The auditorium consists of a ground-level orchestra and one overhanging balcony with boxes . The balcony remains in its original condition, but
2505-880: A film director, producer, and screenwriter. Schwartz was born Avrom Moishe Schwartz in Sudylkiv , Ukraine , then in the Russian Empire , to Isaac, a grain dealer, and his wife Rose (née Bernholtz) Schwartz, a Jewish family. Moishe was the oldest of three boys among the six siblings, and had three older sisters. Like many similar families, the Schwartzes immigrated to the United States in stages. In 1898 Isaac Schwartz emigrated with his three teen-aged daughters, so they could all work to get started in New York and earn money for passage for Rose and their three young sons. The following year he sent tickets for his wife and
2672-500: A four-week limited run. A writer for Variety described Phoenix's formation as "one of the most important off-Broadway developments of recent years". Phoenix's first production was Sidney Howard 's play Madam, Will You Walk? , which opened in December 1953 with Hume Cronyn and Jessica Tandy . Other notable shows of the 1953–1954 season included Coriolanus , The Golden Apple , and The Seagull . The troupe's first season
2839-414: A full restaurant menu instead of general movie theater concessions such as popcorn or candy. In certain countries, there are also Bed Cinemas where the audience sits or lays in beds instead of chairs. 3D film is a system of presenting film images so that they appear to the viewer to be three-dimensional. Visitors usually borrow or keep special glasses to wear while watching the movie. Depending on
3006-464: A graveyard and ruins, formed an ideal location for his ghostraising spectacle. When it opened in 1838, The Royal Polytechnic Institution in London became a very popular and influential venue with all kinds of magic lantern shows as an important part of its program. At the main theatre, with 500 seats, lanternists would make good use of a battery of six large lanterns running on tracked tables to project
3173-576: A movie theater, the 12th Street Cinema , before returning to live shows in 1977 under the name Entermedia Theatre (renamed the Second Avenue Theatre in 1985). After closing in 1988, the Jaffe Art Theatre was renovated into Village East Cinema, reopening in 1991. Angelika rebranded the theater in 2021. Village East, originally the Yiddish Art Theatre, is at the southwestern corner of East 12th Street and Second Avenue in
3340-447: A pair of segmentally arched alcoves, inside which are stairs descending to the basement. On the north wall of the 12th Street lobby, two curved staircases with wrought-iron railings lead up to a narrow promenade behind the balcony-level seating. The underside of the balcony promenade (immediately above the 12th Street lobby) contains three medallions, each of which contains six-pointed arabesques , as well as recessed lighting fixtures and
3507-567: A panel with pink terracotta quatrefoils . The top of the auditorium facade is made of a band of cast stone. An alley runs to the west of the theater. The interior is decorated in a gold, blue, rose, cream, and silver color scheme. Many of the interior decorations are inspired by the Alhambra in Spain. The decorations also contain elements of Moorish , Islamic , and Judaic architecture. Most decorations resemble their original condition, even though
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#17328013300663674-618: A profit at the Eden. The revue moved to Broadway's Belasco Theatre in February 1971 after running for 704 performances. In March 1971 the Broadway musical Man of La Mancha moved from the Martin Beck Theatre to the Eden. La Mancha operated under a Broadway contract, which allowed all of the Eden's seats to be used; the musical moved to Broadway's Mark Hellinger Theatre after three months. That June, Jacob Jacobs leased
3841-642: A relatively small 3,000 subscribers during 1957–1958. For the 1958–1959 season, Phoenix decided to book plays by Nobel Prize -winning writers such as T. S. Eliot . The plays during that season included The Family Reunion , Britannicus , The Power and the Glory , The Beaux' Stratagem , and Once Upon a Mattress . After launching a drive to enroll new subscribers in April 1959, the theatrical company enrolled 9,000 subscribers and obtained $ 150,000 in subsidies by that June. This enabled Phoenix to pre-select all of
4008-577: A restaurant and cabaret/nightclub. The second and third stories along Second Avenue contained rehearsal rooms. These were accessed from the third bay from north, just left of the main entrance. These floors also contained offices. The Russian Art Restaurant took up one of the storefronts for several years. Among the building's office tenants were the Jewish National Workers Alliance , Yiddisher Kultur Farband , and Jewish Folk Schools. The offices were converted into apartments in
4175-417: A result, the customer geography area of multiplexes and megaplexes typically overlaps with smaller theaters, which face threat of having their audience siphoned by bigger theaters that cut a wider swath in the movie-going landscape. In most markets, nearly all single-screen theaters (sometimes referred to as a "Uniplex") have gone out of business; the ones remaining are generally used for arthouse films, e.g.
4342-409: A screen in front of the stage and adding a projector; this conversion may be permanent, or temporary for purposes such as showing arthouse fare to an audience accustomed to plays. The familiar characteristics of relatively low admission and open seating can be traced to Samuel Roxy Rothafel , an early movie theater impresario . Many of these early theaters contain a balcony , an elevated level across
4509-399: A secondary lobby on 12th Street provides access to the balcony level. When the theater was converted into a movie theater in the early 1990s, all of the floor surfaces were covered or replaced with a carpet containing red, gold, blue, and gray patterns. Originally, the main lobby had a floor made of terracotta, with a pattern of white rhombus motifs. The box office was on the north wall, while
4676-511: A seven-screen multiplex. Averitt Associates preserved the balcony but split the orchestra and backstage areas into six screens. The renovation had to conform with historic-preservation guidelines because Village East was still being considered for city-landmark designation. The architects used archival photos to restore the theater's design features. The project ultimately cost $ 8 million. Village East Cinemas opened on February 22, 1991, initially with only five screens in operation. The LPC designated
4843-644: A short time. By September 1977, the Jaffe Art Theatre was known as the Entermedia Theater. The theater reopened the next month with The Possessed , a dance special by Pearl Lang . Its operator Entermedia presented not only films but also dance, experimental legitimate shows, and other events. Among the Entermedia's early shows was the musical The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas , which opened in 1978 and subsequently transferred to Broadway, as well as
5010-663: A single viewing room with a single screen. In the 2010s, most movie theaters had multiple screens. The largest theater complexes, which are called multiplexes —a concept developed in Canada in the 1950s—have up to thirty screens. The audience members often sit on padded seats, which in most theaters are set on a sloped floor, with the highest part at the rear of the theater. Movie theaters often sell soft drinks , popcorn and candy , and some theaters sell hot fast food . In some jurisdictions, movie theaters can be licensed to sell alcoholic drinks. A movie theater might also be referred to as
5177-539: A speaker in her dressing room that allowed her to hear everything on stage. The revue was successful, ultimately lasting 1,509 performances at the Casino. This Was Burlesque ultimately relocated to the Hudson Theatre on Broadway in March 1965. Corio said that tourists could not find Casino East and that ticket sellers could more easily sell tickets to the show if it were on Broadway. Afterward, Casino East became
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5344-542: A summer hiatus, the theater then reopened the 1927–1928 season with the play Greenberg's Daughters in September 1927. The season also featured the play The Gardener's Dog , the first American production by Boris Glagolin's Moscow Revolution Theater. Other plays of that season included The Gold Diggers and On Foreign Soil in late 1927, as well as Alexander Pushkin and American Chasidim in early 1928. Schwartz appeared in many of these plays. Despite high expectations,
5511-584: A system is used that requires inexpensive 3D glasses, they can sometimes be kept by the patron. Most theaters have a fixed cost for 3D, while others charge for the glasses, but the latter is uncommon (at least in the United States). For example, in Pathé theaters in the Netherlands the extra fee for watching a 3D film consists of a fixed fee of €1.50, and an optional fee of €1 for the glasses. Holders of
5678-405: A theater away from Broadway's Theater District . The Jaffe Art Theatre had appealed to them because it was newer than most Broadway venues and also because it was close to Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village , which had 30,000 residents. The group planned to charge a relatively cheap $ 1.20 to $ 3.00 per ticket; in return, performers would not be paid more than $ 100 per week, and each show would have
5845-414: A total of over 500,000 visitors, with programs including Pauvre Pierrot and Autour d'une cabine . Thomas Edison initially believed film screening would not be as viable commercially as presenting films in peep boxes, hence the film apparatus that his company would first exploit became the kinetoscope . A few public demonstrations occurred since 9 May 1893, before a first public Kinetoscope parlor
6012-808: A total of six years with Kessler, Schwartz had other ambitions to pursue. In 1918, Schwartz founded the Yiddish Art Theatre , taking a lease on the Irving Place Theatre , in the Union Square neighborhood in New York City. He had ambitions for a people's theater that would produce classic, literary works. As he announced in Der Tog (The Day), a Yiddish-language newspaper, he wanted "a company that will be devoted to performing superior literary works that will bring honor to
6179-575: Is arguably the first cinema in the world. Claimants for the title of the earliest movie theatre include the Eden Theater in La Ciotat , where L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat was screened on 21 March 1899. The theatre closed in 1995 but re-opened in 2013. L'Idéal Cinéma in Aniche (France), built in 1901 as l'Hôtel du Syndicat CGT, showed its first film on 23 November 1905. The cinema
6346-578: Is credited by Canadian sources as the inventor of the multiplex or cineplex; he later founded the Cineplex Odeon Corporation , opening the 18-screen Toronto Eaton Centre Cineplex, the world's largest at the time, in Toronto, Ontario. In the United States, Stanley Durwood of American Multi-Cinema (now AMC Theatres ) is credited as pioneering the multiplex in 1963 after realizing that he could operate several attached auditoriums with
6513-458: Is increasing. The RealD company expects 15,000 screens worldwide in 2010. The availability of 3D movies encourages exhibitors to adopt digital cinema and provides a way for theaters to compete with home theaters . One incentive for theaters to show 3D films is that although ticket sales have declined, revenues from 3D tickets have grown. In the 2010s, 3D films became popular again. The IMAX 3D system and digital 3D systems are used (the latter
6680-503: Is mentioned in the 2010 Guinness World Records . The World's smallest solar-powered mobile cinema is Sol Cinema in the UK. Touring since 2010 the cinema is actually a converted 1972 caravan. It seats 8–10 at a time. In 2015 it featured in a Lenovo advert for the launch of a new tablet. The Bell Museum of Natural History in Minneapolis , Minnesota has recently begun summer "bike-ins", inviting only pedestrians or people on bicycles onto
6847-436: Is oriented toward the south, with the rear wall and 12th Street lobby being to the north. The original auditorium contained 1,143, 1,236, 1,252, or 1,265 seats. The orchestra level was initially raked , sloping down toward an orchestra pit in front of the stage. The stage originally measured 30 by 36 feet (9.1 by 11.0 m) across. In 1990, the theater was multiplexed , being split into a seven-screen movie theater. Most of
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7014-576: Is still inconvenient and disturbing to find and claim it during the commercials and trailers, unless it is near an aisle. Some movie theaters have some kind of break during the presentation, particularly for very long films. There may also be a break between the introductory material and the feature. Some countries such as the Netherlands have a tradition of incorporating an intermission in regular feature presentations, though many theaters have now abandoned that tradition, while in North America, this
7181-516: Is the oldest known movie theater still in continuous operation. Traditionally a movie theater, like a stage theater , consists of a single auditorium with rows of comfortable padded seats, as well as a foyer area containing a box office for buying tickets. Movie theaters also often have a concession stand for buying snacks and drinks within the theater's lobby. Other features included are film posters , arcade games and washrooms. Stage theaters are sometimes converted into movie theaters by placing
7348-474: Is used in the animated movies of Disney / Pixar ). The RealD 3D system works by using a single digital projector that swaps back and forth between the images for eyes. A filter is placed in front of the projector that changes the polarization of the light coming from the projector. A silver screen is used to reflect this light back at the audience and reduce loss of brightness. There are four other systems available: Volfoni, Master Image, XpanD and Dolby 3D . When
7515-806: Is usually called a " megaplex ". However, in the United Kingdom, this was a brand name for Virgin Cinema (later UGC). The first megaplex is generally considered to be the Kinepolis in Brussels, Belgium, which opened in 1988 with 25 screens and a seating capacity of 7,500. The first theater in the U.S. built from the ground up as a megaplex was the AMC Grand 24 in Dallas, Texas , which opened in May 1995, while
7682-424: Is very rare and usually limited to special circumstances involving extremely long movies. During the closing credits many people leave, but some stay until the end. Usually the lights are switched on after the credits, sometimes already during them. Some films show mid-credits scenes while the credits are rolling, which in comedy films are often bloopers and outtakes, or post-credits scenes , which typically set up
7849-640: The Looney Tunes and Mickey Mouse shorts were created for this purpose). Examples of this kind of programming are available on certain DVD releases of two of the most famous films starring Errol Flynn as a special feature arrangement designed to recreate that kind of filmgoing experience while the PBS series, Matinee at the Bijou , presented the equivalent content. Some theaters ran on continuous showings , where
8016-536: The Digital Cinema Package for the film. Control data is encoded in a monoaural WAV file on Sound Track channel 13, labelled as "Motion Data". Motion Data tracks are unencrypted and not watermarked. Movie theaters may be classified by the type of movies they show or when in a film's release process they are shown: Usually in the 2020s, an admission is for one feature film. Sometimes two feature films are sold as one admission ( double feature ), with
8183-437: The East Village of Manhattan in New York City , within the former Yiddish Theatre District . The theater occupies a rectangular land lot of 12,077 square feet (1,122.0 m), with a frontage of 103 feet (31 m) on Second Avenue and 117.25 feet (36 m) on 12th Street. It is composed of two sections: a three-story office wing with a cast-stone facade, facing east on Second Avenue, as well as an auditorium wing with
8350-754: The Latham family, was demonstrated for members of the press on 21 April 1895 and opened to the paying public on 20 May, in a lower Broadway store with films of the Griffo-Barnett prize boxing fight, taken from Madison Square Garden 's roof on 4 May. Max Skladanowsky and his brother Emil demonstrated their motion pictures with the Bioscop in July 1895 at the Gasthaus Sello in Pankow (Berlin). This venue
8517-468: The Ministry of Technology campaign to raise standards. Using a very futuristic look, these 27-seat cinema vehicles were designed to attract attention. They were built on a Bedford SB 3 chassis with a custom Coventry Steel Caravan extruded aluminum body. Movies are also commonly shown on airliners in flight, using large screens in each cabin or smaller screens for each group of rows or each individual seat;
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#17328013300668684-522: The Pathé Unlimited Gold pass (see also below) are supposed to bring along their own glasses; one pair, supplied yearly, more robust than the regular type, is included in the price. IMAX is a system using 70 mm film with more than ten times the frame size of a 35 mm film . IMAX theaters use an oversized screen as well as special projectors. The first permanent IMAX theater was at Ontario Place in Toronto, Canada. Until 2016, visitors to
8851-604: The 1570s in the English language. Movie theatres stand in a long tradition of theaters that could house all kinds of entertainment. Some forms of theatrical entertainment would involve the screening of moving images and can be regarded as precursors of film . In 1799, Étienne-Gaspard "Robertson" Robert moved his Phantasmagorie show to an abandoned cloister near the Place Vendôme in Paris. The eerie surroundings, with
9018-564: The 1960s. The residents included actress Jackie Curtis , photographer Peter Hujar , and painter David Wojnarowicz . During the 1880s, New York City's Jewish immigrant population started moving to the East Village and the Lower East Side in large numbers; many immigrants were Ashkenazi Jews who spoke Yiddish. The Yiddish Theatre District was developed during the late 19th and early 20th centuries to provide entertainment for
9185-511: The 1980s the introduction of VHS cassettes made possible video-salons, small rooms where visitors viewed movies on a large TV. These establishments were especially popular in the Soviet Union , where official distribution companies were slow to adapt to changing demand, and so movie theaters could not show popular Hollywood and Asian films . In 1967, the British government launched seven custom-built mobile cinema units for use as part of
9352-486: The 1982 play Lennon and the 1983 musical Taking My Turn . The Jaffe Art Theatre was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 19, 1985. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission also considered protecting the theater as a landmark in 1985 and 1986 but did not make a decision. Entermedia left the theater in 1985, and the venue was leased to M Square Productions, which renamed it
9519-599: The 1986–1987 season, the theater staged the musical Have I Got a Girl for You! , which opened in November 1986, and the musical Staggerlee , which opened in March 1987. The theater also hosted a tribute to the late off-Broadway actor Charles Ludlam in mid-1987. The Chaim Potok play The Chosen opened in January 1988 but flopped with just six regular performances. The failure of The Chosen had been particularly devastating for M Square, which had spent three years creating
9686-467: The Crest Theatre in downtown Sacramento, California , small-scale productions, film festivals or other presentations. Because of the late development of multiplexes, the term "cinema" or "theater" may refer either to the whole complex or a single auditorium, and sometimes "screen" is used to refer to an auditorium. A popular film may be shown on multiple screens at the same multiplex, which reduces
9853-615: The Dark and Warner Bros. House of Wax , the first 3D feature with stereophonic sound. For many years, most 3D movies were shown in amusement parks and even "4D" techniques have been used when certain effects such as spraying of water, movement of seats, and other effects are used to simulate actions seen on the screen. The first decline in the theatrical 3D craze started in August and September 1953. In 2009, movie exhibitors became more interested in 3D film. The number of 3D screens in theaters
10020-490: The Eden in September 1972, followed the next month by a revival of Yoshe Kalb . In early 1973, the theater also hosted a dance special by Larry Richardson and the Broadway musical Smith , the latter of which relocated to the Alvin Theatre . Jewish Nostalgic Productions staged several more shows, of which three had more than 100 performances. For the 1973–1974 season, the Eden was occupied by Aleichem's play Hard To Be
10187-479: The Eden with plans to host Yiddish shows there. Next, the rock musical Grease opened in February 1972 under a Broadway contract that allowed all seats to be used. The musical moved to the Broadhurst Theatre that June and later became Broadway's longest-running musical . By then, Jewish Nostalgic Productions was raising funds for a series of Yiddish plays at the Eden. The revue Crazy Now opened at
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#173280133006610354-659: The Forty-ninth Street Theatre in Ernst Toller 's Expressionist play, Bloody Laughter ( Hinkemann ). (It had been produced in the UK in a cockney English version, and in Yiddish entitled The Red Laugh. Schwartz commissioned a translation for the New York production.) Related to German expressionism and the First World War, the play was not well received. Schwartz later traveled to
10521-412: The Gayety Theater, the only burlesque theater in Manhattan. The venue was operated by Leroy Griffith , who had opened the burlesque venue there following the success of Corio's show. The operator charged $ 4 admission, higher than at the Hudson Theatre. The off-Broadway production Oh! Calcutta! , a revue in which all the cast members were nude, was announced for the theater in April 1969, upon which point
10688-495: The IMAX cinema attached to the National Science and Media Museum in Bradford , West Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom, could observe the IMAX projection booth via a glass rear wall and watch the large format films being loaded and projected. The largest permanent IMAX cinema screen measures 38.80 m × 21.00 m (127.30 ft × 68.90 ft) and was achieved by Traumplast Leonberg (Germany) in Leonberg, Germany , verified on 6 December 2022. IMAX also refers to
10855-463: The Jaffe Art Theatre in June 1930, and it was renamed Molly Picon's Folks Theatre. Isaac Lipshitz acquired the theater in a foreclosure proceeding that August, and the play The Girl of Yesterday opened the next month, starring Picon. This was followed in January 1931 by the play The Love Thief , also starring Picon. Prosper Realty Corporation was recorded as taking ownership of the theater that February. Misha and Lucy German (also spelled Gehrman) leased
11022-463: The Jaffe Art Theatre remained vacant for the 1928–1929 season, but contemporary news reports indicate that the Yiddish Folk Theatre occupied the building during that season, starting with a dance recital in September 1928. The Yiddish Folks Theatre gave at least two other performances at the theater, both directed by Ludwig Satz. His Wife's Lover opened in October 1929, followed by If the Rabbi Wants that December. The comedienne Molly Picon leased
11189-401: The Old French word "theatre", from the 12th century and "...directly from Latin theatrum [which meant] 'play-house, theater; stage; spectators in a theater'", which in turn came from the Greek word "theatron", which meant "theater; the people in the theater; a show, a spectacle", [or] literally "place for viewing". The use of the word "theatre" to mean a "building where plays are shown" dates from
11356-421: The Palace Theatre, and the title role in King Lear . At the time that he appeared in the Yiddish film Uncle Moses , in 1932, he was billed as the "greatest of all Yiddish actors", and in that era was also called the " Olivier of the Yiddish stage". By the 1930s, the Yiddish theater was declining as Jews became more assimilated and audiences decreased. In an interview in 1931, Schwartz said, "The Jewish stage
11523-560: The Second Avenue Theater. It was one of M Square's three off-Broadway houses. M Square's managing director Alan J. Schuster said the company wanted "to have a legitimate theater and a film theater at the Second Avenue" without incurring the exorbitant costs of Broadway theatre contracts. The movie theater would have been above the legitimate theater, but these plans never materialized. The Second Avenue hosted Zalmen Mlotek and Moishe Rosenfeld's bilingual revue The Golden Land , which opened in November 1985 and ran for 277 regular performances. For
11690-590: The Shrew , and The Duchess of Malfi . After the season ended, Phoenix was reorganized as a nonprofit in an attempt to solve its financial troubles, and Theater Incorporated took over the theater building. After Phoenix's reorganization, the theater hosted several shows during the 1957–1958 season, including Mary Stuart , The Makropulos Secret , The Chairs and The Lesson in repertory, The Infernal Machine , The Two Gentlemen of Verona , The Broken Jug , La Malade Imaginaire , and three Molière plays in repertory. Phoenix continued to lose money and had
11857-473: The Stuyvesant Farm) were placed inside the cornerstone. Jaffe said he wanted the theater to be "a permanent monument to prove that the Jewish immigrant to [the United States] is a useful citizen and makes a definite contribution to the country", responding to anti-Semitic comments that Stuyvesant had made three centuries prior. By mid-1926, the Jaffe Art Theater was expected to open that September, but it remained closed past that date. Schwartz then planned to open
12024-646: The United States, most commonly known for her role in The Tenth Man (Chayefsky play) as Evelyn Foreman. Schwartz started acting early, working for six years in companies and locations outside New York: the Midwest and Philadelphia. In 1911 he was hired by David Kessler for his company at his Second Avenue Theatre. In 1913, he gained a Hebrew Actors Union card, having to take the test twice and do some politicking with influential leaders, such as Abe Cahan , editor of The Jewish Forward, to get voted in. After
12191-629: The Yiddish Art Theatre's home, the building would contain offices for the theatre company's staff and the Jaffe Art Film Corporation; a gymnasium; and a theatrical library. The theatre company would lease the theater at a nominal price. The demolition of Madison Square Garden had forced the Yiddish Art Players to relocate to the Nora Bayes Theatre in the midtown Theater District . Initially, the project
12358-524: The Yiddish Art Theatre's shows at Madison Square Garden and was so impressed that he decided to build a dedicated building for the company. In May 1925, Jaffe acquired a site on 12th Street and Second Avenue, formerly part of the Stuyvesant Farm . He hired Harrison G. Wiseman to design a building with a 1,200-seat theater for Schwartz's company. The theater would be designed in what media described as an "old Jerusalem" style. In addition to being
12525-527: The Yiddish Folks Theatre leased the Century for one season. The Yiddish Folks Players then presented Sunrise that October, followed by Sixty Years of Yiddish Theatre , a musical in honor of Rumshinsky, in January 1941. The troupe's manager Jacob Wexler died in the middle of the 1940–1941 season, and Ola Lilith took over the troupe's management. The third and final Yiddish show of the season
12692-520: The Yiddish Theatre." Believing that an actor needed to develop by taking on a wide variety of roles, the next year he founded an associated school. He wanted to nurture talent by giving students chances to learn: he felt that taking on 25 roles would teach someone much about "the possibilities of voice, gesture and make-up." Among the actors Schwartz helped develop were Paul Muni , who played 40 roles in his productions. Schwartz said of Muni in
12859-694: The Yiddish theatre. After the divorce, Eva married Henry (Zvi Hersch) Fishman, another actor on the Yiddish stage.{{Citation needed Marriage: "Indiana, U.S., Marriage Index, 1800-1941" Works Progress Administration; Index to Marriage Records: Indiana Works Progress Administration, 1938-1940; Series Title: Lake County Indiana;index to Marriage Record 1850 - 1920 Inclusive Vol W. P. A. Original Record Located: County Clerk's O; Book: U; Page: 230 Ancestry Record 5059 #2335335 (accessed 10 June 2024) Eva Rafalo marriage to Harry Fishman on 31 Mar 1913 in Lake, Indiana, USA.|date=December 2023}} In 1914 Schwartz married Anna Bordofsky,
13026-544: The actors David Kessler and Jacob Adler , began reading widely, especially classic plays by such authors as William Shakespeare and Henrik Ibsen . Because his Orthodox father opposed his desire to act, Schwartz left home and took a variety of jobs to support himself before finally finding work as an actor. He joined various traveling theater troupes, including one that toured the Midwest. On his return to New York City in 1907, he found his heroes, Kessler and Adler, continuing to rise in their profession. Soon Schwartz obtained
13193-613: The airline company sometimes charges a fee for the headphones needed to hear the movie's sound. In a similar fashion, movies are sometimes also shown on trains, such as the Auto Train . The smallest purpose-built cinema is the Cabiria Cine-Cafe which measures 24 m (260 sq ft) and has a seating capacity of 18. It was built by Renata Carneiro Agostinho da Silva (Brazil) in Brasília DF, Brazil in 2008. It
13360-572: The audience for a sequel. Maurice Schwartz Maurice Schwartz, born Avram Moishe Schwartz (June 18, 1890 – May 10, 1960), born in the Volhynia province of the Russian Empire , was a stage and film actor active in the United States. He founded the Yiddish Art Theatre and its associated school in 1918 in New York City and was its theatrical producer and director. He also worked in Hollywood, mostly as an actor in silent films but also as
13527-407: The audience sits upon chairs, blankets or even in hot tubs , and watch the movie on a temporary screen, or even the wall of a building. Colleges and universities have often sponsored movie screenings in lecture halls. The formats of these screenings include 35 mm, 16 mm, DVD , VHS, and even 70 mm in rare cases. Some alternative methods of showing movies have been popular in the past. In
13694-409: The auditorium above the theater's rearmost seats. The rearward main floor "loge" seats were sometimes larger, softer, and more widely spaced and sold for a higher price. In conventional low pitch viewing floors, the preferred seating arrangement is to use staggered rows. While a less efficient use of floor space this allows a somewhat improved sight line between the patrons seated in the next row toward
13861-430: The auditorium are made of textured plaster and were initially painted in a buff color, though it was subsequently repainted blue-gray. The front of the balcony is decorated with rosettes and round-arched panels, atop which are a parapet and railing. After the original auditorium was multiplexed, a lower balcony was created in front of the original balcony, connected to it by double staircases. The lower balcony has an exit to
14028-430: The balcony are four additional screens: two 200-seat venues within the original orchestra level, a 175-seat venue in a former basement restaurant, and a 75-seat venue in a sidewalk vault. The stage area was divided into two screens, one above the other. The lower screen is at the level of the original stage, while the upper screen is about 60 feet (18 m) above the ground, within the former fly loft . The side walls of
14195-435: The boxes contain rosettes and round-arched panels, which wrap around to the front of the balcony. Next to the boxes is a flat proscenium arch, which is surrounded by floral and geometric decorations. The proscenium opening has been bricked up, and a movie screen for the balcony-level seats has been installed within the proscenium. The middle of the ceiling contains a shallow circular dome measuring 40 feet (12 m) across. At
14362-765: The boy Moses at the Wezembeek Orphanage in Belgium in 1946 while on a theatrical tour for displaced persons. He arranged to adopt Moses and his sister through the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC), which had located Fannie and brought the siblings together. The Schwartzes met Fannie for the first time when she arrived with her brother at La Guardia Airport. They renamed the children Marvin (or Norman) and Risa . In New York, they taught them Yiddish and English, and about Judaism. Risa became an actress in
14529-432: The boys. They got as far as Liverpool , where they were to sail for the U.S., but got separated. Rose was forced to leave without Moishe. Without any English, he made his way to London, where he lived for two years, surviving with the help of strangers. His father located him in 1901, and they traveled together to New York when Moishe was twelve. Upon rejoining his family in New York City's Lower East Side , Schwartz took
14696-569: The building was converted into a cinema in 1990, the northernmost bay was converted to an interior staircase, while the two bays immediately south of the main entrance became ticket counters. The remaining storefronts in the three southernmost bays contain aluminum storefronts at the first floor, as well as aluminum spandrel panels between the first and second floors. At the third floor, there are two small arched windows in each bay. These are separated by pilasters with guilloche motifs, which are topped by capitals with foliate decorations. The roof above
14863-470: The car's stereo system. Because of their outdoor nature, drive-ins usually only operate seasonally, and after sunset. Drive-in movie theaters are mainly found in the United States, where they were especially popular in the 1950s and 1960s. Once numbering in the thousands, about 400 remain in the U.S. today. In some cases, multiplex or megaplex theaters were built on the sites of former drive-in theaters. Some outdoor movie theaters are just grassy areas where
15030-570: The center of the dome is a medallion with the Star of David , which is enclosed within a larger six-pointed star with trefoils at its "points". A metal chandelier with two tiers hangs from the center of the dome. The outer border of the dome is decorated with wrought-iron grilles and motifs of the Star of David. There are also fascia panels around the dome, some of which have been modified to accommodate projection equipment and ventilation openings. Outside of
15197-470: The children had been placed by the underground with Belgian Christian families. Fannie was renamed Marcelle and grew up with Maurice and Denise Vander Voordt as the only parents she really knew. The Vander Voordts protected her as their own during the German occupation. She spoke only French. After the war, Jewish groups had worked to reunite families and place Jewish orphans with Jewish families. Schwartz met
15364-436: The choice of other films but offers more choice of viewing times or a greater number of seats to accommodate patrons. Two or three screens may be created by dividing up an existing cinema (as Durwood did with his Roxy in 1964), but newly built multiplexes usually have at least six to eight screens, and often as many as twelve, fourteen, sixteen or even eighteen. Although definitions vary, a large multiplex with 20 or more screens
15531-434: The dark. Since the advent of stadium theaters with stepped aisles, each step in the aisles may be outlined with small lights to prevent patrons from tripping in the darkened theater. In movie theaters, the auditorium may also have lights that go to a low level, when the movie is going to begin. Theaters often have booster seats for children and other people of short stature to place on the seats to allow them to sit higher, for
15698-482: The dialogue, sounds and music are played through a number of wall-mounted speakers. Since the 1970s, subwoofers have been used for low-pitched sounds. Since the 2010s, the majority of movie theaters have been equipped for digital cinema projection , removing the need to create and transport a physical film print on a heavy reel. A great variety of films are shown at cinemas, ranging from animated films to blockbusters to documentaries. The smallest movie theaters have
15865-419: The dome, the ceiling contains ornate gilded plaster moldings. The decoration is intended to resemble a honeycomb and contains rosettes, eight-pointed stars, and strapwork . There are ducts near where the ceiling intersects with the walls. The ceiling is actually made of 3-by-3-foot (0.91 by 0.91 m) panels suspended from the roof via iron bars. Above the stage were twelve dressing rooms, as well as access to
16032-473: The early 1950s with the release of the first color stereoscopic feature, Bwana Devil . The film starred Robert Stack , Barbara Britton and Nigel Bruce . James Mage was an early pioneer in the 3D craze. Using his 16 mm 3D Bolex system, he premiered his Triorama program in February 1953 with his four shorts: Sunday In Stereo , Indian Summer , American Life , and This is Bolex Stereo . 1953 saw two groundbreaking features in 3D: Columbia's Man in
16199-542: The exterior and interior of the theater as a landmark in 1993. Since then, it has shown a mixture of Hollywood productions and indie films . The Village East Cinema also shows films that originally opened at the Angelika Film Center , an arthouse chain that is also an arm of Reading International. The multiplex also hosted movies that were screened as part of the annual New York International Children's Film Festival . EverGreene Architectural Arts restored
16366-500: The fall". One newspaper proclaimed that the Yiddish Folks Theatre would become the world's first movie theater that hosted films exclusively in Yiddish, though it is unknown whether this ever happened. The first live show that Skulnik and Rumshinsky hosted at the theater was Fishel der Gerutener (English: "The Perfect Fishel"), which opened in September 1935. The men hosted three other shows: Schlemiehl in September 1936, Straw Hero in November 1936, and The Galician Rabbi in 1937. By
16533-415: The feature film. Advertised start times are usually for the entire program or session, not the feature itself; thus people who want to avoid commercials and trailers would opt to enter later. This is easiest and causes the least inconvenience when it is not crowded or one is not very choosy about where one wants to sit. If one has a ticket for a specific seat (see below) one is formally assured of that, but it
16700-400: The finely detailed images of extra large slides on the 648 square feet screen. The magic lantern was used to illustrate lectures, concerts, pantomimes and other forms of theatre. Popular magic lantern presentations included phantasmagoria, mechanical slides, Henry Langdon Childe 's dissolving views and his chromatrope. The earliest known public screening of projected stroboscopic animation
16867-552: The first decade of motion pictures, the demand for movies, the amount of new productions, and the average runtime of movies, kept increasing, and at some stage it was viable to have theaters that would no longer program live acts, but only movies. The first building built for the dedicated purpose of showing motion pictures was built to demonstrate The Phantoscope , a device created by Jenkins & Armat, as part of The Cotton State Exposition on September 25, 1895 in Atlanta, GA. This
17034-490: The first megaplex in the U.S.-based on an expansion of an existing facility was Studio 28 in Grand Rapids, Michigan , which reopened in November 1988 with 20 screens and a seating capacity of 6,000. A drive-in movie theater is an outdoor parking area with a screen—sometimes an inflatable screen —at one end and a projection booth at the other. Moviegoers drive into the parking spaces which are sometimes sloped upwards at
17201-451: The first name of Morris. His father enrolled him in the Baron de Hirsch school, founded to teach Jewish immigrants. After school he worked in his father's small factory recycling rags for the clothing industry. When an uncle introduced him to Yiddish theatre, Schwartz was captivated. At that time groups of boys and young men were partisans of different theatres and actors. Schwartz, who admired
17368-418: The first two stories consist of a double-height arcade with seven arches, each corresponding to one bay . The main entrance is in the second-northernmost bay and is taller and wider than the others. This bay contains a large archway surrounded by panels with geometric and foliate decorations. There are four metal-and-glass doors at the ground floor, with a projecting triangular marquee sign above. The marquee
17535-409: The front to give a more direct view of the movie screen. Movies are usually viewed through the car windscreen (windshield) although some people prefer to sit on the bonnet (hood) of the car. Some may also sit in the trunk (back) of their car if space permits. Sound is either provided through portable loudspeakers located by each parking space, or is broadcast on an FM radio frequency, to be played through
17702-510: The grounds for both live music and movies. In various Canadian cities, including Toronto , Calgary, Ottawa and Halifax , al-fresco movies projected on the walls of buildings or temporarily erected screens in parks operate during the Summer and cater to a pedestrian audience. The New Parkway Museum in Oakland, California replaces general seating with couches and coffee tables, as well as having
17869-399: The growing Jewish population. While most early Yiddish theaters were south of Houston Street , many producers moved north along Second Avenue in the early 20th century. One of them was Maurice Schwartz, who came from Ukraine and founded the Yiddish Art Theatre in 1918. The theatre company was originally housed in several theater buildings. Developer and lawyer Louis N. Jaffe had watched one of
18036-440: The history of Yiddish theatre. On the northern side of the theater building, to the right of the main lobby, is the 12th Street lobby. The walls there are buff-colored and are designed to resemble travertine. The exit doors on the north wall contain trefoil arches , corbels, and Moorish exit signs . The ceiling has three circular chandeliers and is ornately designed with floral symbols and circles. The 12th Street lobby connects to
18203-560: The late 1930s, the popularity of Yiddish theatre was starting to wane. Various reasons were cited for the decline, including a slowdown in the number of Jewish immigrants after World War I and the fact that younger Jews were blending in with American culture. In addition, the city's Jewish population dispersed from the Lower East Side and East Village. By March 1937, just ten years after the Yiddish Folks Theatre had opened, independent film operators Weinstock and Hertzig planned to lease
18370-407: The layout of the theater has been substantially changed. The interior of Village East was used as a filming location for the films The Night They Raided Minsky's in 1968 and The Fan in 1981, as well as a promotional video for Reese's Peanut Butter Cups in 1984. The theater has two lobbies. The main one on Second Avenue was a square space (subsequently expanded to a rectangular space), while
18537-946: The mid-2010s to refer to auditoriums with high-end amenities. PLF does not refer to a single format in general, but combinations of non-proprietary amenities such as larger "wall-to-wall" screens, 4K projectors, 7.1 and/or positional surround sound systems (including Dolby Atmos ), and higher-quality seating (such as leather recliners). Cinemas typically brand PLF auditoriums with chain-specific trademarks , such as "Prime" ( AMC ), "Grand Screen” ( B&B Theatres ), "BTX" ( Bow Tie ), "Superscreen" ( Cineworld ), "BigD" ( Carmike , now owned by AMC), "UltraAVX" ( Cineplex ), "Macro XE" ( Cinépolis ), "XD" ( Cinemark ), "BigPix" ( INOX ), "Laser Ultra" ( Kinepolis and Landmark Cinemas ), "RPX" ( Regal Cinemas ), "Superscreen DLX"/"Ultrascreen DLX" ( Marcus ), "Titan" ( Reading Cinemas ), "VueXtreme" ( Vue International ), and "X-land" ( Wanda Cinemas ). PLFs compete primarily with formats such as digital IMAX;
18704-535: The much smaller 74th Street Theater in late 1961 after The Pirates of Penzance , the first play of the 1961–1962 season, was staged at the Second Avenue theater. This move was prompted by the fact that, after its first season, Phoenix had consistently operated at a loss and could not fill the Jaffe Art Theatre. In November 1961, Michael Iannucci and Milton Warner leased the Jaffe Art Theatre for one year, with an option to renew for another year. The next month,
18871-498: The musical God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater in 1979. The theater also hosted events such as an independent film festival, a jazz showcase, and a samurai film festival. The musical Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat , which later transferred to Broadway, opened at the Entermedia in 1981 and was so successful that its audience was allowed to use all the seats. Other popular shows at the theater were
19038-542: The new nation of Israel and performed on stage there. With his successes as an actor, Schwartz was also drawn to Hollywood, appearing in his first silent film in 1910. He appeared in more than twenty films between 1910 and 1953; the majority were silents . He also wrote, produced, or directed several films. Among his major roles in motion pictures were in Broken Hearts (1926), Uncle Moses (1932), Tevya (1939), Mission to Moscow (1943), and as Ezra in
19205-512: The next month, and five old houses were torn down to make way for the theater. Olga Loev, widow of Sholem Aleichem, laid the theater's cornerstone at a ceremony on May 23, 1926. Playwright Herman Bernstein said that the event was "of magnitude for Jews in America", given the Yiddish Art Theatre's success in spite of early difficulties. Portraits of Abraham Goldfaden (the "father of the Yiddish theatre movement") and Peter Stuyvesant (the owner of
19372-432: The northernmost bay contains a small dormer unit, while the roof above the southern five bays is a terrace. The easternmost portion of the 12th Street elevation contains two bays of double-height arches and paired windows, similar to those in the Second Avenue elevation. The steel-framed auditorium structure is clad in brick. The outer portions of the auditorium facade are treated as pavilions. They are slightly taller than
19539-651: The office space on Second Avenue. In 1942, the Greater New York Savings Bank leased the theater to the Century Theatre Company for ten years. The bank then leased the Jaffe Art Theatre in January 1944 to Benjamin Benito, who planned to stage Italian opera and vaudeville there. The Raynes Realty Company acquired the theater from the bank that September and discontinued Benito's lease. Jacob Ben-Ami 's New Jewish Folk Theater leased
19706-431: The opening-night program, Schwartz described the theater's opening as the "culmination of a lifelong dream". The opening-night visitors included theatrical personalities such as Daniel Frohman , Owen Davis , and Robert Milton , as well as non-theatrical notables such as Otto Kahn and Fannie Hurst . The theater, which cost $ 1 million to construct, was not officially completed until January 8, 1927. The Jaffe Art Theatre
19873-596: The orchestra and former stage area have been divided into six screens. The Louis N. Jaffe Art Theatre was originally used by the Yiddish Art Theatre and largely served as a Yiddish playhouse from 1926 to 1945. It opened on November 17, 1926, with The Tenth Commandment . The Yiddish Art Theatre moved out of the theater after two seasons, and it became the Yiddish Folks Theatre . The venue was leased by Molly Picon in 1930–1931 and by Misha and Lucy German in 1931–1932. The Yiddish Arts Theatre then performed at
20040-433: The original decorations remain intact, although the seating at orchestra level was raised to the height of the original stage. Screens 1 through 5 are within the original auditorium, while screens 6 and 7 are within the stage area. In all seven screens, the seats are 21 to 22 inches (530 to 560 mm) wide, larger than similar theaters. The balcony level is the largest and most ornate screen; it originally had 500 seats. Below
20207-482: The play and could no longer afford to continue operating the Second Avenue Theater. The venue was the only surviving Yiddish theater building on Second Avenue, as well as one of the few off-Broadway houses in the East Village. In 1988, M Square leased the theater to City Cinemas, a branch of Reading International , for use as a movie theater called Village East. City Cinemas converted the auditorium into
20374-555: The playhouse from 1953 to 1961. The Jaffe Art Theatre then became the Casino East Theatre , which hosted the burlesque production This Was Burlesque for three years before becoming a burlesque house called the Gayety Theatre in 1965. The theater was renamed yet again in 1969, this time operating as the off-Broadway Eden Theatre until 1976, showing the revue Oh! Calcutta! . The venue was then converted into
20541-536: The plays Six Characters in Search of an Author , The Adding Machine , Miss Julie and The Stronger in repertory, and A Month in the Country . For the 1956–1957 season, Phoenix changed its policy to present exclusively revivals of 18th- and 19th-century works. The shows during this season included Saint Joan , Diary of a Scoundrel , The Good Woman of Setzuan , Measure for Measure , The Taming of
20708-518: The plays in a season, rather than booking plays as the season progressed, for the first time in the troupe's history. The theater then hosted plays such as Lysistrata , Peer Gynt , and part 1 and part 2 of Shakespeare's Henry IV during 1959–1960. Phoenix's last full season at the theater, in 1960–1961, consisted of H.M.S. Pinafore , She Stoops to Conquer , The Plough and the Stars , The Octoroon , and Hamlet . The company relocated to
20875-512: The popularity of such shows in France. The earliest public film screenings took place in existing (vaudeville) theatres and other venues that could be darkened and comfortably house an audience. Émile Reynaud screened his Pantomimes Lumineuses animated movies from 28 October 1892 to March 1900 at the Musée Grévin in Paris, with his Théâtre Optique system. He gave over 12,800 shows to
21042-479: The prevalence of Yiddish theaters in the area in the early 20th century, the Jaffe Art Theatre was the only one in the Yiddish Theatre District that was specifically built for a Yiddish theatrical group. By the 21st century, Village East was the only remaining Yiddish theater building on Second Avenue, the one-time center of the Yiddish Theatre District. On the building's Second Avenue elevation,
21209-405: The production of motion pictures or in a large private residence. The etymology of the term "movie theater" involves the term "movie", which is a "shortened form of moving picture in the cinematographic sense" that was first used in 1896 and "theater", which originated in the "...late 14c., [meaning an] open air place in ancient times for viewing spectacles and plays". The term "theater" comes from
21376-474: The promenade, directly below the original balcony, as well as a ramp leading to an exit on the north wall. There are 40 seats within the lower balcony. On either side of the proscenium arch is a wall section with one box at the balcony level. The boxes are each recessed within a pointed Moorish arch, which is framed by vermiculated quoins and topped by voussoirs . The inner reveals of the boxes contain colonettes , above which are lambrequin arches . The fronts of
21543-408: The rest of the auditorium and protrude slightly from the central section of the facade. Each outer pavilion contains a metal gate at ground level, above which is an arched opening with a fire stair behind it. The center of the facade contains a cast-stone doorway surrounding five sets of exit doors. There is a carved corbel on either side of the doorway. Above the doors is a blind brick arch, surrounding
21710-554: The same items would repeat throughout the day, with patrons arriving and departing at any time rather than having distinct entrance and exit cycles. Newsreels gradually became obsolete by the 1960s with the rise of television news, and most material now shown prior to a feature film is of a commercial or promotional nature (which usually include " trailers ", which are advertisements for films and commercials for other consumer products or services). A typical modern theater presents commercial advertising shorts , then movie trailers, and then
21877-590: The same staff needed for one through careful management of the start times for each movie. Ward Parkway Center in Kansas City, Missouri had the first multiplex cinema in the United States. Since the 1960s, multiple-screen theaters have become the norm, and many existing venues have been retrofitted so that they have multiple auditoriums. A single foyer area is shared among them. In the 1970s, many large 1920s movie palaces were converted into multiple screen venues by dividing their large auditoriums, and sometimes even
22044-477: The screen, provided they do not lean toward one another. " Stadium seating ", popular in modern multiplexes, actually dates back to the 1920s. The 1922 Princess Theatre in Honolulu, Hawaii featured "stadium seating", sharply raked rows of seats extending from in front of the screen back towards the ceiling. It gives patrons a clear sight line over the heads of those seated in front of them. Modern "stadium seating"
22211-399: The silver screen (formerly sometimes sheet ) and the big screen (contrasted with the smaller screen of a television set). Specific to North American term is the movies , while specific terms in the UK are the pictures , the flicks and for the facility itself the flea pit (or fleapit ). A screening room is a small theater, often a private one, such as for the use of those involved in
22378-437: The south wall contained mirrored panels. Only the original ceiling of the main lobby remains intact. The center of the ceiling contains a medallion; the edges of the ceiling contain a frieze with corbels, as well as decorative rectangular and square panels. During the early-1990s renovation, the lobby was expanded southward, and a concession stand and a wall of poster boards were installed. The lobby also contains an exhibit about
22545-463: The space above the dome. Under the stage were offices, storage rooms, and access to the orchestra pit. In addition, the theater's restrooms, lounge, and administrative offices were in the basement behind the auditorium (near 12th Street). The lounge contained busts of prominent playwrights and performers in Yiddish theatre, such as Abraham Goldfaden , David Kessler , Jacob Pavlovich Adler , Jacob Gordin , and Sholem Aleichem . The basement also included
22712-414: The stage space, into smaller theaters. Because of their size, and amenities like plush seating and extensive food/beverage service, multiplexes and megaplexes draw from a larger geographic area than smaller theaters. As a rule of thumb, they pull audiences from an eight to 12-mile radius, versus a three to five-mile radius for smaller theaters (though the size of this radius depends on population density). As
22879-402: The system used, these are typically polarized glasses . Three-dimensional movies use two images channeled, respectively, to the right and left eyes to simulate depth by using 3D glasses with red and blue lenses (anaglyph), polarized (linear and circular), and other techniques. 3D glasses deliver the proper image to the proper eye and make the image appear to "pop-out" at the viewer and even follow
23046-528: The term cinema / ˈ s ɪ n ɪ m ə / , alternatively spelled and pronounced kinema / ˈ k ɪ n ɪ m ə / . The latter terms, as well as their derivative adjectives "cinematic" and "kinematic", ultimately derive from Greek κίνημα, κινήματος ( kinema , kinematos )—"movement, motion". In the countries where those terms are used, the word "theatre" is usually reserved for live performance venues. Colloquial expressions, mostly applied to motion pictures and motion picture theaters collectively, include
23213-401: The theater and was then performed on Broadway in English, for a total of 300 performances. Other Yiddish plays performed in 1932–1933 included Chayim Lederer , Legend of Yiddish King Lear , Bread , and Revolt . Schwartz also leased the theater for the 1933–1934 season, when he hosted Wise Men of Chelm , Josephus , and Modern Children . The theatrical company departed in April 1934, and
23380-406: The theater as "a temple" for Yiddish theatre, saying: "It was more than just a physical building; it really existed in people's cultural consciousnesses". For the rest of the 1926–1927 season, the Jaffe Art Theatre was occupied by limited runs of six productions: Mendele Spivak in 1926 and Her Crime , Reverend Doctor Silver , Yoske Musicanti , Wolves , and Menschen Shtoib in early 1927. After
23547-492: The theater at the beginning of 2015. The work involved replacing some of the historical design features that had deteriorated over the years. The theater closed temporarily in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City . When the theater reopened on March 5, 2021, it was rebranded as Village East by Angelika. After Village East reopened, several movies were screened in 70 mm . A new bar and kitchen were announced for
23714-616: The theater during the 1944–1945 season, operating it as the Century Theatre. Ben-Ami presented two shows, The Miracle of the Warsaw Ghetto by H. Leivick and We Will Live by David Bergelson , in what was the theater's last season as a Yiddish theatrical venue. By then, many Yiddish speakers had been murdered in the Holocaust , further contributing to the decline in Yiddish theatre. The Jaffe Art Theatre then reopened as
23881-447: The theater for movies. Saulray Theatres Corporation leased the theater the next month, and it became a movie theater called the Century. The conversion occurred as similar Yiddish venues in the East Village and Lower East Side had become movie houses. Shortly after the Century reopened, its sound equipment was replaced. The theater went into foreclosure by September 1937 and was taken over by the Greater New York Savings Bank. In June 1940,
24048-409: The theater has hosted off-Broadway shows, burlesque , and movies. Since 1991, it has been operated by Angelika Film Center as a seven-screen multiplex . Both the exterior and interior of the theater are New York City designated landmarks , and the theater is on the National Register of Historic Places . Village East's main entrance is through a three-story office wing on Second Avenue, which has
24215-507: The theater in May 1931, and the theater was rebranded yet again as the Germans' Folks Theatre. Under the German family's ownership, the theater hosted at least four performances: One Woman in 1931 and In a Tenement House , Pioneers , and Wedding Chains in 1932. The Yiddish Art Theatre returned to the theater after Schwartz leased it for the 1932–1933 season. The company opened the season with Yoshe Kalb , which ran for 235 performances at
24382-522: The theater in late 2021. By 2022, the theater generally screened newly released films, though it sometimes showed revivals as well. Among these was the premiere of Tommy Wiseau 's second film Big Shark in 2023. Productions are listed by the year of their first performance. This list only includes theatrical shows; it does not include films, burlesque shows, or other types of live performance. Movie theater A movie theater ( American English ) or cinema ( Commonwealth English ), also known as
24549-511: The theater on November 11 with The Tenth Commandment , his adaptation of Goldfaden's play Thou Shalt Not Covet . Before the theater opened, the New York Herald Tribune called it "a lasting monument to Yiddish art", while The New York Times said the theater building "will be the most attractive amusement structure in that locality". The Louis N. Jaffe Art Theater opened on November 17, 1926, with The Tenth Commandment . In
24716-783: The theater performed worse than expected in its first two seasons. Among the reasons for this were the rise of talking pictures, negotiations with performers' unions, and a decline in Jewish immigration. In April 1928, Jaffe leased the theater to the Amboard Theatre Corporation, headed by Morris Lifschitz. The next month, the Louis N. Jaffe Art Theatre Corporation sold the theater to a client of Jacob I. Berman. The Yiddish Art Theatre moved out after two seasons because Schwartz had severed his agreement with Jaffe. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) stated that
24883-600: The theater until 1934, after which the Yiddish Folks continued for two more years. From 1936 to 1944, the building was a movie theater called the Century Theatre , hosting Yiddish performances during two seasons. After a decline in Yiddish theater, the Jaffe Art Theatre was renamed the Stuyvesant Theatre in 1946 and continued as a movie theater for seven years. The then-new Phoenix Theatre used
25050-505: The theater was renamed the Casino East Theater and reopened with a Yiddish-language show, Gezunt un Meshuga ("Hale and Crazy"). By then, it had 1,150 seats. In March 1962, Casino East hosted the satirical burlesque production This Was Burlesque starring Ann Corio . During this time, Iannucci managed the front of house , or the publicly accessible parts of the theater. Corio oversaw the stage and backstage operations, with
25217-504: The top of the arch, contains capitals shaped like half- menorahs . Above those, seven Moorish-style openings with medallions are arranged in a semicircle. The top of the entrance bay contains a cornice supported by round corbels . The other six arches are identical round-arched openings and are separated by paneled pilasters . The top of each pilaster contains a capital with foliate and geometric motifs and birds. The smaller arches formerly contained six storefronts, one in each bay. After
25384-572: The use of common " off-the-shelf " components and an in-house brand removes the need to pay licensing fees to a third-party for a proprietary large format. Although the term is synonymous with exhibitor-specific brands, some PLFs are franchised. Dolby franchises Dolby Cinema , which is based on technologies such as Atmos and Dolby Vision . CJ CGV franchises the 4DX and ScreenX formats. In some theaters, seating can be dynamically moved via haptic motion technology called D-BOX . In digital cinema , D-BOX codes for motion control are stored in
25551-482: The venue again became the Yiddish Folks Theatre, since Schwartz owned the rights to the "Yiddish Art Theatre" name. Under the direction of Joseph Buloff , the New York Art Troupe leased the theater for the 1934–1935 season, hosting eight plays there. Menasha Skulnik and Joseph M. Rumshinsky signed a lease for the theater in April 1935, then announced plans to lease the theater as a movie house "until
25718-450: The venue was renamed the Eden Theater. The revue's producer George Platt explained the renaming by saying, "We're not doing a burlesque show, we're doing a legitimate show." Oh! Calcutta! opened at the theater in June 1969. While the Eden was as large as a standard Broadway theater, Oh! Calcutta! used an off-Broadway contract that limited the audience to 499 seats; nonetheless, the show made
25885-470: The viewer when he/she moves so viewers relatively see the same image. The earliest 3D movies were presented in the 1920s. There have been several prior "waves" of 3D movie distribution, most notably in the 1950s when they were promoted as a way to offer audiences something that they could not see at home on television. Still the process faded quickly and as yet has never been more than a periodic novelty in movie presentation. The "golden era" of 3D film began in
26052-463: Was A Favorn Vinkel ("The Forsaken Nook") in February 1941, with a special performance in honor of Ludwig Satz. The Century's operators announced that March that they would return the theater to a film policy, showing three American feature films every day. After a renovation, the Century screened the feature film Gone with the Wind that April. In addition, O'Gara & Co. Inc. was hired to lease out
26219-646: Was closed in 1977 and the building was demolished in 1993. The "Centre Culturel Claude Berri" was built in 1995; it integrates a new movie theater (the Idéal Cinéma Jacques Tati). In the United States, many small and simple theaters were set up, usually in converted storefronts. They typically charged five cents for admission, and thus became known as nickelodeons . This type of theatre flourished from about 1905 to circa 1915. The Korsør Biograf Teater, in Korsør , Denmark, opened in August 1908 and
26386-478: Was installed in the theater around 1955 so shows could be presented there during the summer. The presence of the Phoenix Theatre and other off-Broadway companies on Second Avenue contributed to a revival of the former theatrical hub there. During the 1955–1956 season, Phoenix presented plays from aspiring directors at the Jaffe Art Theatre as part of an experimental program. The regular season also included
26553-650: Was later, at least since 1918, exploited as the full-time movie theatre Pankower Lichtspiele and between 1925 and 1994 as Tivoli. The first certain commercial screenings by the Skladanowsky brothers took place at the Wintergarten in Berlin from 1 to 31 November 1895. The first commercial, public screening of films made with Louis and Auguste Lumière 's Cinématographe took place in the basement of Salon Indien du Grand Café in Paris on 28 December 1895. During
26720-865: Was once a night school to which people came to learn the language [English]. Now Jewish playwrights are confused. They cannot go back to the old themes because the Americanized Jew does not know that life, and they have not sufficiently assimilated the life here to understand and write about it." In the same interview, he said, "The theatre is my life. It is the only interest I have." Schwartz also performed in English on Broadway and in other venues. In 1928 he appeared on Broadway in The Inspector General and Anathema. Between 1931 and 1952, he appeared in four Broadway-theatre productions in New York City, some of which he produced, and produced others. For example, in 1931 he appeared on Broadway at
26887-627: Was one of the last Yiddish theaters to open on Second Avenue, having been completed just as Yiddish theater was starting to decline. From 1926 to 1945, the Jaffe Art Theatre largely hosted Yiddish productions, though it changed names several times based on whichever company appeared there. It hosted not only straight plays but also revues , musicals , and operettas . Notable performers during this era included Joseph Buloff , Celia Adler , Luba Kadison , Ludwig Satz , Molly Picon , Menasha Skulnik , Joseph M. Rumshinsky , Ola Lilith , and Jacob Ben-Ami . Yiddish theatre historian Nahma Sandrow referred to
27054-557: Was opened on 14 April 1894, by the Holland Bros. in New York City at 1155 Broadway, on the corner of 27th Street. This can be regarded as the first commercial motion picture house. The venue had ten machines, set up in parallel rows of five, each showing a different movie. For 25 cents a viewer could see all the films in either row; half a dollar gave access to the entire bill. The Eidoloscope , devised by Eugene Augustin Lauste for
27221-534: Was originally rectangular and had decorations at its corners. To the left (south) of the main entrance is a door to the upper office stories, topped by a lintel with the inscribed words "Jaffe Art Theatre Bldg". To the right (north) is a sign board and a cornerstone , containing an inscription of the Gregorian date May 23, 1926, in English and the corresponding Hebrew calendar date in Hebrew . The intrados , near
27388-536: Was presented by Austrian magician Ludwig Döbler on 15 January 1847 at the Josephstadt Theatre in Vienna , with his patented Phantaskop. The animated spectacle was part of a well-received show that sold out in several European cities during a tour that lasted until the spring of 1848. The famous Parisian entertainment venue Le Chat Noir opened in 1881 and is remembered for its shadow plays , renewing
27555-495: Was successful; The Golden Apple transferred to Broadway, while The Seagull was sold out through its limited run. This prompted Houghton to renew his lease on the theater. The 1954–1955 season included the plays Sing Me No Lullaby , The Doctor's Dilemma , and The Master Builder , as well as the revue Phoenix ' 55 . The theater also started hosting Sideshows , a set of "programs of diverse entertainment", on Monday nights during that season. Additionally, air-conditioning
27722-498: Was to have been completed in December 1925. Wiseman filed plans with the New York City Department of Buildings (DOB) at the end of May 1925, shortly after Jaffe acquired the site. The building was to cost $ 235,000. The DOB initially objected to the project because of its location within a residential neighborhood, the lack of exits to the west, and the absence of a setback along Second Avenue. Site-clearing began
27889-508: Was utilized in IMAX theaters, which have very tall screens, beginning in the early 1970s. Rows of seats are divided by one or more aisles so that there are seldom more than 20 seats in a row. This allows easier access to seating, as the space between rows is very narrow. Depending on the angle of rake of the seats, the aisles have steps. In older theaters, aisle lights were often built into the end seats of each row to help patrons find their way in
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