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49-612: Fifth SFAB received four Starshield systems on 1 October 2023, for use in Indo-Pacific Command (IndoPacom)'s Joint Pacific Multinational Readiness Center (JPMRC). These systems are satellite-enabled, and provide communications services suitable for the distances required to cover the Pacific. SFAB has its roots in Special Forces training and doctrine. The original Military Assistance Training Advisor (MATA) course

98-405: A logistics combat element (LCE) (1st and 3rd Marine Logistics Groups). Although the U.S. Marine Corps has had units stationed in the Pacific region since World War II , Marine Corps Forces Pacific (MARFORPAC) was not established as a service component of Pacific Command until 31 July 1992. The Commander, Marine Forces Pacific, is dual-hatted as Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force Pacific ,

147-642: A distinct unified command until it was disestablished by another Unified Command Plan on 1 July 1975. An amendment to this plan on 1 May 1976 adjusted PACOM's boundaries yet again. The amendment gave CINCPAC responsibility for the entire Indian Ocean to the east coast of Africa, including the Gulfs of Aden and Oman and all of the Indian Ocean Islands excepting the Malagasy Republic . This decision expanded PACOM's AOR across more than 50% of

196-657: A memorandum declaring that the title "Commander in Chief" should only refer to the President of the United States. Effective that date, all combatant commanders deleted "in Chief" from their titles. USCINCPAC was redesignated Commander, U.S. Pacific Command (CDRUSPACOM). In a move to streamline command and control of forces in Alaska and integrate forces in defense of North America, Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel approved

245-417: A position that existed since 1944. General Holland Smith , the first commander of Fleet Marine Force Pacific, established its headquarters in the summer of 1944 to lead over 500,000 Marines in the theater that were subordinated to the U.S. Pacific Fleet . After its creation in 1992, MARFORPAC was initially one of only two Marine service component commands, along with Marine Corps Forces Atlantic . During

294-562: Is the unified combatant command of the United States Armed Forces responsible for the Indo-Pacific region . It is the oldest and largest of the unified combatant commands. Its commander , the senior U.S. military officer in the Pacific, is responsible for more than 375,000 service members as well as an area that encompasses more than 100 million square miles (260,000,000 km ), or roughly 52 percent of

343-737: Is the largest field command in the Marine Corps and is headquartered at Camp H. M. Smith in Hawaii . The MARFORPAC area of responsibility covers more than half of the Earth's surface. It is composed of the I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF) and the III Marine Expeditionary Force (III MEF). Each MEF comprises a command element (CE), a ground combat element (GCE) (1st and 3rd Marine Divisions), an aviation combat element (ACE) (1st and 3rd Marine Aircraft Wings), and

392-441: Is the only state in the United States with a pre-programmed Wireless Emergency Alert that can be sent quickly to wireless devices if a ballistic missile is heading toward Hawaii. If the missile is fired from North Korea, the missile would take approximately 20 minutes to reach Hawaii. The United States Indo-Pacific Command would take less than 5 minutes to make a determination that the missile could impact Hawaii and would then notify

441-708: The Arab states of the Persian Gulf to oversee operations in the Middle East. The expansion of MARCENT during the War on Terror led to it being made a free standing headquarters under Central Command. Even after the removal of MARCENT from its area of responsibility, MARFORPAC remains the largest field command in the Marine Corps. A subordinate command for Marines in South Korea ( Marine Corps Forces Korea or MARFORK)

490-682: The Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance ), and two standing joint task forces ( Joint Interagency Task Force West ) and Joint Task Force Red Hill. The INDOPACOM headquarters is the Nimitz-MacArthur Pacific Command Center, located on Camp H. M. Smith in Hawaii. United States Indo-Pacific Command protects and defends, in concert with other U.S. Government agencies,

539-552: The Far East Command (FECOM) , Pacific Command (PACOM), and Alaskan Command (ALCOM) effective 1 January 1947. The commands, their areas of responsibility, and their missions were as follows: General of the Army Douglas MacArthur was appointed CINCFE; Army Major General Howard A. Craig was assigned as CINCAL. U.S. Navy Admiral John Henry Towers was designated CINCPAC. At the time of appointment, he

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588-674: The Hawaii Emergency Management Agency (HI-EMA) . HI-EMA would issue the Civil Defense Warning (CDW) that an inbound missile could impact Hawaii and that people should Shelter-in-Place : Get Inside, Stay Inside, and Stay Tuned . People in Hawaii would have 12 to 15 minutes before impact. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is not required to be notified for approval to cancel an alert. Signal carriers allow people to block alerts from state and law enforcement agencies, but not those issued by

637-599: The Indian and Pacific oceans. The Indo-Pacific Command consists of a headquarters organization, five subordinate service component commands ( U.S. Army Pacific , U.S. Marine Forces Pacific , U.S. Pacific Fleet , U.S. Pacific Air Forces , and U.S. Space Forces Indo-Pacific ), three subordinate unified commands ( U.S. Forces Japan , U.S. Forces Korea —which includes Special Operations Command Korea —and Special Operations Command Pacific ), two direct reporting units (U.S. Pacific Command Joint Intelligence Operations Center and

686-715: The Pacific Ocean from Antarctica at 92°W, north to 8°N, west to 112°W, northwest to 50°N/142°W, west to 170°E, north to 53°N, northeast to 62°30'N/175°W, north to 64°45'N/175°W, south along the Russian territorial waters to the People's Republic of China , Mongolia , the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , the Republic of Korea , and Japan ; the countries of Southeast Asia and the southern Asian landmass to

735-612: The Pacific Ocean Areas (POA) under Navy Admiral Chester W. Nimitz . Each had command of all U.S. military forces assigned to his area. The authority of the POA Commander-in-Chief (CINCPOA) was technically separate from that of the Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet (CINCPAC), but Admiral Nimitz was assigned to both positions and bore the title CINCPAC/CINCPOA. Efforts to establish a unified command for

784-770: The Strategic Air Command . A new Unified Command Plan was approved in 1971. Effective 1 January 1972, the Pacific Command assumed responsibility for the Indian Ocean and the countries of southern Asia extending westward to the eastern border of Iran (which then fell under EUCOM 's responsibility). The Alaskan Command transferred responsibility for the Aleutian Islands and parts of the Arctic Ocean to PACOM, as well. ALCOM would remain

833-789: The Vietnam War was designated by CINCPAC to three subordinate commands. U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (USMACV) , activated 8 February 1962 to direct U.S. support to South Vietnam 's military forces, largely controlled all U.S. forces and operations within South Vietnam. Naval gunfire support and air strikes on targets in Vietnam, however, were delegated to PACFLT and the U.S. 7th Fleet. PACAF and PACFLT were responsible for conducting air and naval operations against North Vietnam and Laos. Control of B-52s employed to conduct airstrikes against targets in South Vietnam remained under

882-563: The "Outline Command Plan"   – in a sense, the first Unified Command Plan (UCP)   – approved by President Harry S. Truman on 14 December 1946 and authorized by the National Security Act of 1947. The plan called for the establishment of seven unified combatant commands as "an interim measure for the immediate postwar period." The first three unified commands were established in the Pacific. The Joint Chiefs of Staff implementing directive of 16 December 1946 established

931-623: The 1990s MARFORPAC commanded two-thirds of the combat units in the Marine Corps, totaling to over 80,000 Marines, and was responsible for providing forces to not only Pacific Command, but also to Central Command and the United States Forces Korea . Accordingly, the Commander of MARFORPAC was also the Commander of Marine Corps Forces Central Command (MARCENT) from the 1990s until it became a completely separate headquarters in 2005. In 2002, then-commander of Marine Forces Pacific, Earl B. Hailston , temporarily moved from Hawaii to

980-466: The Earth's surface   an area of over 100 million square miles. U.S. Army Pacific (USARPAC) was disestablished 31 December 1974 as part of a bid by the Army to reduce its headquarters. The much smaller U.S. Army CINCPAC Support Group (CSG) took over USARPAC's duty to assist and coordinate with CINCPAC Headquarters and PACOM service components on Army matters. In 1979, U.S. Army Western Command (WESTCOM)

1029-574: The Earth's surface, stretching from the waters of the West Coast of the United States to the east coast maritime borderline waters of India at the meridian 66° longitude east of Greenwich and from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Formerly known as United States Pacific Command (USPACOM), in 2018 the command was renamed to U.S. Indo-Pacific Command in recognition of the increasing connectivity between

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1078-729: The Federal Government, as opposed to individual states. USINDOPACOM has evolved through the gradual consolidation of various commands in the Pacific and Far East. Its origins can be traced to the command structure established early in World War II to wage the war in the Pacific. In April 1942, U.S. military forces in the Pacific Theatre were divided into two commands: the South West Pacific Area (SWPA) under Army General Douglas MacArthur ; and

1127-556: The Indo-Asia-Pacific region and understand that challenges are best met together. Consequently, we will remain an engaged and trusted partner committed to preserving the security, stability, and freedom upon which enduring prosperity in the Indo-Asia-Pacific region depends. We will collaborate with the Services and other Combatant Commands to defend America's interests. USINDOPACOM's Area of Responsibility (AOR) encompasses

1176-544: The Pacific Fleet, delegating the responsibility of CINCPACFLT to his Deputy, Admiral Maurice E. Curts . CINCPAC's staff was thereafter separated from CINCPACFLT's staff and moved from Pearl Harbor to a new headquarters building (the former Aiea Naval Hospital ) at Camp H.M. Smith. Service components for the Army and Air Force   – U.S. Army Pacific (USARPAC) and U.S. Pacific Air Forces (PACAF)   – were also assigned to PACOM. Command over U.S. forces engaged in

1225-478: The President. FEMA can send alerts to targeted audiences but has not implemented this as of January 2018. Other states can take as long as 30 minutes to create, enter and distribute a missile alert. The Wireless Emergency Alert system was tested nationally for the first time in October 2018. And as part of the 2020 National Defense Authorization Act, the role of issuing warnings of a missile threat would lie with

1274-890: The Regular Army. Volunteers undergo a week-long assessment and selection program at Fort Moore, GA which evaluates a candidate's physical fitness, decision-making, problem solving, and communications skills as well as their ethics and morals. Candidates that complete the assessment and selection program are assigned to an active SFAB, where they will be scheduled to attend the MATA and other follow on courses specific to their MOS.Trainees may receive additional language training, culture training, foreign weapons training and medical training, among other topics. The SFABs are equipped with secure, but unclassified communications gear, utilizing T2C2 systems. United States Indo-Pacific Command The United States Indo-Pacific Command ( USINDOPACOM )

1323-671: The SFAB concept is intended to relieve the Brigade Combat Teams of the combat advisory mission and enable them to focus on their primary combat mission. Operating in units with roughly 800 personnel, SFABs are designed to be versatile and deployable worldwide and are made up exclusively of non-commissioned officers and commissioned officers however E-4s with promotable status are accepted and receive promotion to sergeant (E-5) upon graduation of MATA. SFABs are conventional units composed of volunteers recruited from units across

1372-483: The United States Army's latest, and most potent solution to providing dedicated and trained personnel to relieve the Brigade Combat Teams from performing combat advisory missions. Prior to the formation of SFABs, the combat advisory role was filled by NCOs and Officers detailed from the Brigade Combat Teams to train host nation military forces; leaving critical leadership billets unfilled. The introduction of

1421-687: The Western approaches to the Canal would be reassigned to CINCPAC. The outbreak of the Korean War and subsequent developments in the Far East tested the U.S. unified command structure in the Pacific. Although General MacArthur, as CINCFE, had been relieved of responsibility for South Korea, early U.S. reaction to North Korea 's invasion of the South on 25 June 1950 came through his command. On 10 July, at

1470-579: The air defense of Alaska and the Northeast. UCP 1956 also disestablished FECOM as a separate unified command. U.S. military deployments to Japan and Korea were decreasing after the end of Japanese reconstruction and the Korean War. The JCS, therefore, believed that the divided command structure in the Pacific should be abolished and FECOM's responsibility reassigned to PACOM. A subsequent outline plan to disestablish FECOM and transfer its responsibilities

1519-577: The assignment of responsibility for Russia to EUCOM with USPACOM in a supporting role for the Siberia and Russian Far East. Later reassignments under the 2004 and 2006 plans placed the entire Seychelles Archipelago in the USCENTCOM's AOR and extended U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM)'s boundary westward to encompass all of the Aleutian Islands, respectively. On 24 October 2002, the Secretary issued

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1568-570: The command structure in the Pacific. ALCOM would remain as a unified command because of its strategic location, retaining its mission for the ground defense of the Alaskan region. Its other responsibilities, however, were reduced: the duty for the protection of sea communications in Alaskan waters was assumed by PACOM. The responsibilities of the Continental Air Defense Command (CONAD) would be likewise expanded to include

1617-513: The command's areas of responsibility, which includes 36 nations as well as both the Pacific and Indian Oceans." While any qualified officer in the U.S. Armed Forces can be appointed as commander of INDOPACOM, only a Navy officer has ever held this office. United States Marine Corps Forces, Pacific The U.S. Marine Corps Forces, Pacific (MARFORPAC) is the Marine Corps service component command of U.S. Indo-Pacific Command . It

1666-491: The defense of South Korea (via subordinate command MARFORK ) and Japan . Marine Forces Pacific also provided combat units to support Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom . Marine Corps Forces Pacific consists of I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF) and III Marine Expeditionary Force (III MEF). According to the Commandant's Planning Guidance from 2019, I MEF will be designed to provide support to

1715-728: The eastern Indian Ocean to the west coast of the Americas. Following a 1949 review of missions and deployments of U.S. forces, the Joint Chiefs of Staff revised the Unified Command Plan on 16 February 1950. The Volcano Islands were transferred to FECOM's AOR; likewise, responsibility for South Korea was transferred from FECOM to PACOM. The duty of protecting the Panama Canal remained assigned to Commander in Chief, Atlantic Command (CINCLANT); one year later, however,

1764-716: The entire Pacific AOR proved impossible during the war. The divergent interests of the Army and the Navy precluded the subordination of either of the two principal commanders in the Pacific Theatre. When the war ended in September 1945, the command arrangement carried forward with Fleet Admiral Nimitz as CINCPAC/CINCPOA and General of the Army MacArthur as Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Forces Pacific (CINCAFPAC). Command arrangements after World War II were defined by

1813-452: The new boundary between the commands would no longer cut through the Strait of Hormuz . On 1 October 1989, the defense of Alaska and all units stationed there passed to USPACOM, which subsequently raised Alaskan Command (ALCOM) as a subordinate command. Under UCP 2002, effective 21 January, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld assigned Antarctica to USPACOM. Secretary Rumsfeld also approved

1862-541: The request of the United Nations , President Truman directed General MacArthur to establish the United Nations Command (UNC) for the purpose of directing operations against North Korean forces. U.S. forces assigned to FECOM were assigned to UNC with General MacArthur designated Commander-in-Chief, UNC (CINCUNC). The primary responsibility of CINCFE, however, remained the defense of Japan. During

1911-421: The territory of the United States, its people, and its interests. With allies and partners, we will enhance stability in the Indo-Asia-Pacific region by promoting security cooperation, encouraging peaceful development, responding to contingencies, deterring aggression, and, when necessary, fighting to win. This approach is based on partnership, presence, and military readiness. We recognize the global significance of

1960-479: The transfer of ALCOM to USNORTHCOM on 1 October 2014. On 30 May 2018, at the change-of-command ceremony between Admirals Harry B. Harris Jr. and Philip S. Davidson , Defense Secretary Jim Mattis announced that Pacific Command has been renamed Indo-Pacific Command "in recognition of the increasing connectivity of the Indian and Pacific Oceans." U.S. officials stated that the change was instituted to "better reflect

2009-399: The unified command level. At the request of then-CINCPAC Admiral William Crowe, his title and that of his command were changed to USCINCPAC and USPACOM, respectively. On 26 June 1989, Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney endorsed the recommendation from the Joint Chiefs of Staff to reassign the Gulfs of Aden and Oman from USPACOM to USCENTCOM's AOR. Though a modest shift, the change meant that

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2058-661: The war, CINCPAC was ordered to support CINCUNC/CINCFE. With CINCFE focused on combat operations during the Korean War, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, over strong objection from FECOM, transferred the Mariana, Bonin and Volcano Islands to PACOM. In late 1951, PACOM was also assigned responsibility for the Philippines, the Pescadores , and Formosa (Taiwan) . The new Unified Command Plan approved by Secretary of Defense Charles Wilson on 21 June 1956 produced significant changes to

2107-686: The western border of India ; the Indian Ocean east and south of the line from the India coastal border west to 68°E, south along 68°E to Antarctica; Australia ; New Zealand ; Antarctica , and Hawaii . In all, it encompasses: In the Pacific Region, instead of NORAD , the United States Indo-Pacific Command must make the decision that an incoming ballistic missile is a threat to the United States. Hawaii

2156-518: The woods alongside Gruber Road at Fort Bragg. Students were provided with ST 31-179, MATA Handbook for Vietnam (January 1966). The SFABs carry on the FID mission of conventional foreign forces today. The SFAC is an U.S. Army command which groups and coordinates the SFABs. The mission of the SFAB is to carry out train, advise, and assist (TAA) missions overseas with foreign nation military partners. SFABs are

2205-513: Was activated as the new Army component for PACOM. WESTCOM was redesignated USARPAC effective 30 August 1990. UCP 1983 dramatically increased the size of PACOM's AOR. While the establishment of U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM) for the Middle East on 1 January 1983 meant PACOM delegated responsibility for Afghanistan and Pakistan to the new command, it took on responsibility for China, North Korea and Madagascar as military officials reasoned that issues arising from those countries could be best handled at

2254-550: Was also created in 1995, answering to MARFORPAC and U.S. Forces Korea. As the assigned service component to United States Indo-Pacific Command area of responsibility , Marine Forces Pacific is responsible for the support, planning, and provision of forces in the INDOPACOM AOR or elsewhere as required and may be designated as an executive agent for standing responsibilities or named operations. Longstanding missions for MARFORPAC include building partner capacity in support of regional cooperation and capacity-building efforts, as well as

2303-469: Was approved by SECDEF and the JCS effective 1 July 1957. Under the plan, two subordinate unified commands under CINCPAC were established: Commander, U.S. Forces Japan (COMUSJAPAN) and Commander, U.S. Forces Korea (COMUSKOREA). The latter was dual-hatted as CINCUNC. The UCP further specified that no unified commander would exercise direct command of any of its Service components or subordinate commands. As such, Admiral Felix Stump gave up direct command of

2352-406: Was established in 1962 as part of the U.S. Army Special Warfare School . It prepared conventional U.S. Army officers and Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) for assignments as advisors to Vietnamese Army units. Instructors were Special Forces NCOs who were trained in conducting Foreign Internal Defense (FID) missions. One notable feature of the school was the “MATA Mile” – a running course through

2401-420: Was serving as Admiral Nimitz's direct successor as CINCPAC/CINCPOA. Admiral Towers retained his position as Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet ; his title was abbreviated CINCPACFLT to avoid confusion with the newly established Pacific Command. Headquarters for both CINCPAC and CINCPACFLT were located at Makalapa, Pearl Harbor , in the Territory of Hawaiʻi . Then-PACOM's original AOR ranged from Burma and

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