41-538: The Segrave Trophy is awarded to the British national who demonstrates "Outstanding Skill, Courage and Initiative on Land, Water and in the Air". The trophy is named in honour of Sir Henry Segrave , the first person to hold both the land and water speed records simultaneously. The award was established by Segrave's wife, Lady Doris, who was "determined to carry on his legacy". The trophy, designed by sculptor Gilbert Bayes ,
82-575: A 1000 HP Sunbeam , he recorded a speed of 203.79 miles per hour (327.97 km/h). On 11 March 1929, Segrave set his final land speed record again at Daytona Beach . Using a new car designed for him by Captain Jack Irving and named the Golden Arrow he set a new record of 231.45 miles per hour (372.48 km/h). Segrave never attempted another land speed record after witnessing the high-speed death of American racing driver, Lee Bible , who
123-598: A 4-litre Sunbeam Tiger on Ainsdale beach at Southport , England. This record was broken a month later by J. G. Parry-Thomas driving Babs , a custom-built car with a 27-litre 450 hp (340 kW) V12 Liberty aero engine. A year later he became the first person to travel over 200 miles per hour (320 km/h) when he regained the land speed record at the Daytona Beach Road Course on 29 March 1927. Using Mystery (but also known as 'the Slug'),
164-572: A championship winning driver. In 1921 Segrave won the first long-distance car race to be run in Britain . The 200-mile race , which was organised by the Junior Car Club for 1,500 c.c. light cars, was held at Brooklands in Surrey. Segrave won in a Darracq -made Talbot that were marketed as Talbot-Darracqs. In the same year Segrave competed in his first ever French Grand Prix , Darracq
205-719: A land vehicle. He died in an accident in 1930 shortly after setting a new world water speed record on Windermere in the Lake District , England. The Segrave Trophy was established to commemorate his life. Segrave, who was a British national, was born on 22 September 1896 in Baltimore, Maryland , to an American mother and an Irish father. He was raised in Ireland and attended Eton College in England . He spent some time at 'Belle Isle' house, near Portumna and learnt to drive
246-478: A person using a vehicle on land. By a 1964 agreement between the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM), respective governing bodies for racing in automobiles and motorcycles (two or three wheels), both bodies recognise as the absolute LSR whatever is the highest speed record achieved across any of their various categories. While
287-466: A single Napier Lion engine. Instead Segrave believed the boat's speed would come from its advanced lightweight planing-hull design. Wood - along with other American boat designers - thought the design was too flimsy for the speeds. Wood sportingly offered to help Segrave, particularly sharing his experiences in propeller and rudder design. After his 1929 land speed record, Segrave immediately went to Miami for his speedboat race with Wood which he won. It
328-565: A speed of 403.10 miles per hour (648.73 km/h) on Lake Eyre , Australia. This became the official FIA LSR, although Campbell was disappointed not to have beaten Breedlove's time. In October, several four-wheel jet-cars surpassed the 1963 mark, but were eligible for neither FIA nor FIM ratification. The confusion of having three different LSRs lasted until December 11, 1964, when the FIA and FIM met in Paris and agreed to recognize as an absolute LSR
369-582: A two-way average of 446.63 km/h (277.52 mph) in September 1965. Five weeks later, Goodyear hit back against Firestone with Lee Breedlove . While recordkeeping has not been as extensive, a report in 1974 confirmed that a record was held by Lee Breedlove, the wife of then overall record holder Craig Breedlove , who piloted her husband's Spirit of America – Sonic I to a record 496.492 km/h (308.506 mph) in 1965. According to author Rachel Kushner , Craig Breedlove had talked Lee into taking
410-665: A vehicle of the North American Eagle Project running at the Alvord Desert, raised the women's four-wheel land speed class record with an official run of 632.40 km/h (392.954 mph), surpassing Breedlove's 48-year-old record. Combs continued with the North American Eagle Project, whose ongoing target is the overall land speed record; as part of that effort, Combs was killed, on August 27, 2019, during an attempt to raise
451-572: Is awarded by the Royal Automobile Club . It has been awarded in most years since 1930; it is not presented if, in the opinion of the committee, no achievement has been sufficient to deserve the award. Past sponsors of the trophy include Castrol , Ford Motor Company and Aston Martin . The inaugural recipient of the Segrave Trophy was Australian-born Charles Kingsford Smith who flew solo from Ireland to Newfoundland, across
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#1732790390951492-512: Is the youngest recipient of the award. A subsidiary award, the Segrave Medal , may also be given to those individuals who have "played a fundamental role in helping the Segrave Trophy winner to achieve their goal". Peter Du Cane received the medal in 1939 for the design and construction of Blue Bird K4 . Bruce McLaren's teammate Denny Hulme and their chief mechanic Cary Taylor won the medal in 1969, their team having won every race of
533-504: The 1969 Can-Am season . In 1993, the car designer Eric Broadley was presented with the Segrave Medal for his work with Lola Cars . Mark Wilkinson received the medal in 2001 as co-pilot to trophy winner Tim Ellison , and Lady Moss, Stirling Moss 's wife, won it in 2005 for her support of her husband. Audi 's Wolfgang Ullrich , Tom Kristensen and Loïc Duval received the medal in 2013. Carlin founder Trevor Carlin won
574-600: The Royal Flying Corps joining 29 Squadron flying the DH2 fighter. On the first of May 1916 he shot down a German Aviatik two-seater but was hit by anti-aircraft fire over the Somme in early July and crashed, severely breaking an ankle. This effectively ended his combat flying. He described himself as "the world’s worst pilot". and said "I was a rotten pilot, I always seemed to make a mess of landing." Segrave became
615-636: The Royal Warwickshire Regiment . Always in the thick of the fighting, his soldiers referred to the 18-year-old subaltern as 'The Lion's Cub'. Wounded in the wrist at Aubers he was again wounded in hand-to-hand fighting on 16 May 1915. His revolver was clogged with mud so he threw a belt of ammunition at the German he was fighting and the resulting shot went high and hit him in the shoulder. Whilst recuperating in England, he transferred to
656-542: The 1923 French Grand Prix in a Sunbeam , he became the first Briton to win a Grand Prix in a British car. In 1924 he won the San Sebastian Grand Prix at Circuito Lasarte (Spain). After a further win at Miramas in France , he retired from racing to concentrate on speed records. On 16 March 1926, Segrave set his first land speed record of 152.33 miles per hour (245.15 km/h) using Ladybird ,
697-707: The Atlantic, in just over 31 hours. He also won the 1930 England to Australia air race, covering the distance solo in 13 days. British aviator Amy Johnson became the first female recipient of the trophy in 1932 when she was cited for her flight from London to Cape Town in a de Havilland Puss Moth . Since then, just five other women have won the award: Jean Batten (1936) for her solo 11-day flight from England to New Zealand, Fiona Gore (1980) for travelling in excess of 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) on water, Eve Jackson (1987) for her solo microlight flight from London to Sydney, Louise Aitken-Walker (1990) for her victory in
738-402: The FIA and other car-racing organisations, Guinness World Records does recognize gender-based land speed records. In 1906, Dorothy Levitt broke the women's world speed record for the flying kilometer, recording a speed of 154 km/h (96 mph) and receiving the sobriquet the "Fastest Girl on Earth". She drove a six-cylinder Napier motorcar , a 75 kW (100 hp) development of
779-798: The K5, in a speed trial in Blackpool . in 1963, Paula Murphy drove a Studebaker Avanti to 262 km/h (163 mph) at the Bonneville Salt Flats as part of Andy Granatelli 's attempt on the overall record. In 1964, she was asked by the tire company Goodyear to try to improve her own record, which she raised to 364.31 km/h (226.37 mph) in Walt Arfons 's jet dragster Avenger . The rival tire company Firestone and Art Arfons hit back against Goodyear and Walt Arfons when Betty Skelton drove Art's Cyclops to achieve
820-670: The Segrave Medal in 2018 for helping Monger return to motor racing. Additionally, the Segrave Certificate of Achievement may be awarded to a person who is not a British national, but would otherwise qualify for recognition. It has been presented just once, in 2002, to Bjørn Rune Gjelsten who was throttleman for powerboat racer Steve Curtis . At the time of winning, the Australians Kingsford Smith and Hinkler, and New Zealander Batten, were also considered British subjects. New Zealander McLaren's award
861-561: The car out for a record attempt in order to monopolize the salt flats for the day and block one of his competitors from making a record attempt. In 1976, the women's absolute record was set by Kitty O'Neil , in the jet-powered, three-wheeled SMI Motivator , at the Alvord Desert . Held back by her contract with a sponsor and using only 60 percent of her car's power, O'Neil reached an average speed of 825.127 km/h (512.710 mph). On October 9, 2013, driver Jessi Combs , in
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#1732790390951902-401: The cars are often called salt cars. The FIA does not recognize separate men's and women's land speed records, because the records are set using motorized vehicles , and not muscle-powered vehicles , so the gender of the driver does not matter; however, unofficial women's records have long been claimed, seemingly starting with Dorothy Levitt 's 1906 record in Blackpool , England, and, unlike
943-434: The effects of wind) averaged with a maximum of 30 minutes (later more) between runs, average gradient of the racing surface not more than 1 percent, timing gear accurate within 0.01sec, and cars must be wheel-driven . National or regional auto clubs (such as AAA and SCTA ) had to be AIACR members to ensure records would be recognized. The AIACR became the FIA in 1947. Controversy arose in 1963: Spirit of America
984-603: The family houseboat. He is reported to have attended the North Shannon Yacht Club regatta on Lough Boderg between Leitrim and Roscommon. At the outbreak of war the Sandhurst officer training course was drastically reduced from two years to three months and he was commissioned in November 1914. Anxious to immediately enter the fray, he applied to join a unit that had suffered heavy casualties and so joined
1025-593: The four-wheel record. In late June 2020, the Guinness Book of Records reclassified the August 27, 2019 speed runs as meeting its requirements, and Combs was posthumously credited with the record at 841.338 km/h (522.783 mph), noting she was the first to break the record in 40 years. Craig Breedlove 's mark of 407.447 miles per hour (655.722 km/h), set in Spirit of America in September 1963,
1066-623: The late 1920s he designed an aircraft for luxury touring. The prototype, known as the Saro Segrave Meteor was a wooden twin-engined monoplane. It first flew on 28 May 1930. However, development was delayed due to Segrave's death a month later. Only three metal versions of the Blackburn Segrave were subsequently built. In 1930 the Segrave Trophy was established to recognise any British national who demonstrated
1107-427: The most outstanding accomplishments in the possibilities of transport by land, sea, air, or water. The trophy is awarded by the Royal Automobile Club . Recipients include Malcolm Campbell (1932), Stirling Moss (1957), Richard Noble (1983), Lewis Hamilton (2007) and John Surtees (2013). Land speed record The land speed record ( LSR ) or absolute land speed record is the highest speed achieved by
1148-631: The previous one by at least one percent to be validated. Until 1829 the fastest land transport was by horse. The first regulator was the Automobile Club de France , which proclaimed itself arbiter of the record in about 1902. Different clubs had different standards and did not always recognize the same world records until 1924, when the Association Internationale des Automobile Clubs Reconnus (AIACR) introduced new regulations: two passes in opposite directions (to negate
1189-411: The short-lived World Rally Championship Ladies Cup and Zara Rutherford (2022) as youngest woman to fly solo around the world. The Segrave Trophy has been presented posthumously on four occasions, to Geoffrey de Havilland Jr. (1946), Donald Campbell (1966), Bruce McLaren (1969) and Joey Dunlop (2000). One of the 2022 winners of the Segrave Trophy was pilot Mack Rutherford , who at the age of 17,
1230-631: The three-wheeled Spirit of America set an FIM-validated LSR in 1963, all subsequent LSRs are by vehicles in FIA Category C ("Special Vehicles") in either class JE (jet engine) or class RT (rocket powered). FIA LSRs are officiated and validated by its regional or national affiliate organizations. Speed measurement is standardized over a course measuring either 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) or 1 mile (1.6 km), averaged over two runs with flying start (commonly called "passes") going in opposite directions within one hour. A new record mark must exceed
1271-716: The ‘pilot’ in command on the ground of the first unmanned powered aircraft, the Aerial Target. "This was the first drone to fly under control when it was tested in March 1917." He married Doris Stocker , the well-known actress on 4 October 1917. On 31 January 1918 Sir Henry Norman, 1st Baronet the Munitions Inventions Department 's permanent attaché to the French Ministry of Inventions requested Segrave be assigned to assist him. Segrave
Segrave Trophy - Misplaced Pages Continue
1312-471: Was after New Zealand's Citizenship Act of 1948 but he was recognised as his McLaren team was British-based. Henry Segrave Sir Henry O'Neal de Hane Segrave (22 September 1896 – 13 June 1930) was an early British pioneer in land speed and water speed records . Segrave, who set three land and one water record, was the first person to hold both titles simultaneously and the first person to travel at over 200 miles per hour (320 km/h) in
1353-506: Was discovered near the crash, there has been no definitive cause for the accident. Other theories include the boat's construction. Concerns were raised that its hull was too light in design and construction, particularly around the craft hydroplane which was found partially detached after the crash. Kaye Don subsequently broke two more world water speed records in Miss England II . When Segrave's interest in flying returned in
1394-635: Was driven down Ainsdale beach in March 2016. Segrave had Miss England I built in 1928, in an attempt to retrieve the Harmsworth Trophy from the American Gar Wood whose series of high-powered aero-engine -driven Miss America boats had made him a multiple water speed record holder and the first man to travel over 100 mph (87 kn; 160 km/h) on water. Although Segrave had already used aero-engines in some of his land-speed record setting vehicles, Miss England I used
1435-439: Was initially considered unofficial. The vehicle breached the FIA regulations on two grounds: it had only three wheels, and it was not wheel-driven , since its jet engine did not supply power to its axles. Some time later, the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) created a non-wheel-driven category, and ratified Spirit of America ' s time for this mark. On July 17, 1964, Donald Campbell 's Bluebird CN7 posted
1476-414: Was killed by the boat rolling over on him as it crashed. Mechanic Michael "Jack" Willcocks survived with a broken arm after being thrown from the craft. Segrave, who was rescued unconscious as the boat sank, regained consciousness for a moment and asked about the fate of "the lads". Shortly after being told that he had broken the record he died from acute lung haemorrhages . Although a large floating branch
1517-405: Was not recognized due to its being a three-wheeler (leading the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme to certify it as a three-wheel motorcycle record when the FIA refused) and not wheel-driven so the FIA introduced a special jet and rocket propelled class . No holder of the absolute record since has been wheel-driven. In the U.S. and Australia, record runs are often done on salt flats , so
1558-492: Was reorganised as part of the S.T.D. Motors conglomerate. To impress Breton automobile designer, Louis Coatalen , in order to gain a place in the formidable Sunbeam-Talbot-Darrac Works team, Segrave, replaced fourteen engine covers on his Talbot, a rebadged highly advanced straight eight dual overhead camshaft (dohc) 1921 Sunbeam Grand Prix . In the 1922 French Grand Prix , Segrave was forced to retire in his Grand Prix Sunbeams 1922 because of chemical burns. When he won
1599-768: Was sent to the US in the autumn as part of Brig. Gen. Charles Frederick Lee 's Headquarter's Staff on the British Aviation Mission. He sent reports to Norman, including details of the US enquiries into their aircraft production failures . After the war, he transferred to the Royal Air Force Administrative Branch in 1919 but soon resigned his commission due to his war injuries. After the war, with motor racing in its infancy, British motor manufacturers were starting to build more reliable and faster vehicles. Segrave would soon become
1640-486: Was the American's first defeat in nine years. After Segrave returned to Britain, he was knighted for his many accomplishments. On Friday 13 June 1930, a few months after receiving his knighthood, Segrave drove Miss England II to a new record of 98.76 mph (85.82 kn; 158.94 km/h) average over two runs on Windermere . However, on the third run the boat capsized at full speed. Chief engineer Victor Halliwell
1681-522: Was trying to set a new land speed record on 13 March 1929, at Ormond Beach , Florida . The Golden Arrow , which was never used again, has only 18.74 miles (30.16 km) on the clock. The vehicle is on display along with Segrave's Sunbeam 350HP and Sunbeam 1000 hp at the National Motor Museum, Beaulieu . On the 90th anniversary of Segrave setting his first historic record, his original Sunbeam racing car returned to Southport where it