Misplaced Pages

#617382

91-470: The municipality is limited to the north by the municipalities of Nelas and Mangualde , to the northeast by Gouveia , to the east by Manteigas , to the southeast by Covilhã , to the southwest by Arganil and to the west by Oliveira do Hospital . In this municipality is located the highest point in mainland Portugal, Torre , in Serra da Estrela, with 1,993 meters of altitude. The municipality of Seia covers

182-481: A Mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csb / Csa ) with cool to mild, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers. Agriculture has been the predominant local activity in this region since the first settlement of the territory, and now includes cultivation of vineyards, orchards, olive fields and pine forests (for pine nuts). Nelas, also belongs to two important gastronomically defined regions in Portugal: Since

273-545: A Republic can be truly free [...]. Labour and industry are republican, because the creative activity wants security and stability and only a Republic [...] is stable and secure [...]. A Republic is, in the state, liberty [...]; in industry, production; in labour, security; in the nation, strength and independence. For all, wealth; for all, equality; for all, light." Antero de Quental in República , 11-05-1870 The revolutionary movement of 5 October 1910 occurred following

364-582: A barracks with dozens of members of the Carbonária , the naval officer went on with about 100 soldiers that entered the 1st Artillery Regiment, where Captain Afonso Palla and a few sergeants and civilians, had already taken the administration building and captured all officers that refused to join them. With the arrival of Machado Santos two columns were formed which were placed under the leadership of captains Sá Cardoso and Palla. The first went to meet

455-403: A cape and take out a carbine [...]. When I saw [him] [...] aiming at the carriage I realised, unfortunately, what it was. My God, the horror of what then happened! Soon after Buíça opened fire [...] started a perfect shooting, like a fight among beasts. The Palace Square was deserted, not a soul! This is what I find hardest to forgive João Franco... D. Manuel II The Royal Family was in

546-407: A family in this community is approximately 2.6 persons per household. Educationally, the residents of the municipality primarily achieve primary-secondary school equivalency (8335 residents), with 2896 defined as "drop-outs" inhabitants. Residents achieving a college- or university-level degrees including 1676 and 1130 residents, respectively. Growth in urban households as developed since 1991, with

637-548: A few sailors left the São Rafael . After some gunfire from which a lieutenant and a ship commander became wounded, the officers gave up control of the D. Carlos I , yielding it to the hands of the republicans. That was the last unit to join the rebels, which included by then part of the 1st Artillery Regiment, 16th Infantry Regiment, the naval corps and the three warships. Navy members had joined in large numbers as expected, but many military sections considered sympathizers with

728-514: A large part of Serra da Estrela and is also the only one in Portugal where there is a natural ski resort, Vodafone Ski Resort , located within the limits of the parish of Loriga . Located on the western slope of Serra da Estrela, the city of Seia is at an altitude of 550 m. The climate of the municipality is temperate, with moderate temperatures in summer and cold in winter; with very low temperatures and frequent, sometimes significant snowfalls in

819-399: A natural lagoon, is the main water reservoir in Serra da Estrela. It is the largest of the lakes in the upper massif and its high hydroelectric potential led to the construction of the dam in 1911, being one of the first engineering works of this nature carried out in Portugal. The primitive human presence on where Seia lies today dates back to pre-Roman times, when a settlement was founded by

910-401: A reduced escort, to demonstrate normality. While greeting the crowds present in the square, the carriage was struck by several shots. One of the carbine bullets hit the king's neck, killing him immediately. More shots followed, fatally wounding the prince . The queen defended herself with a bouquet of flowers offered by the people, which she used to hit one of the attackers who had climbed onto

1001-540: A reference of the major nationally classified monuments that exist in the municipality. Originating from the laws of the Romans, the territory of Nelas is dotted by pillories that marked local authority, and constructed in settlements to promote development. Later, during the Portuguese monarchy, the pillories were used for public punishment; those responsible for fraud or robbery were executed or punished while tied to

SECTION 10

#1732787397618

1092-579: A revolt and capture the commanders, one of whom was wounded. The aim of this action was to prevent the exit of the cavalry unit of the Municipal Guard, an aim that was achieved. For this end, they required the support of 3 warships anchored in the Tagus. By this time, Lieutenant Mendes Cabeçadas had already taken command of the mutinied crew of the NRP Adamastor while the mutinied crew of

1183-458: A situation of impasse throughout 4 October, with all manner of rumours about victories and defeats spreading through the city. As soon as news of the concentration of rebels in Rotunda were received, the military command of the city organised a detachment to break them up. The column, under the command of Colonel Alfredo Albuquerque, was formed by units that had been removed from the protection of

1274-749: A system of rotating governments in which the Progressive and Regenerator Parties kept alternating in government. The king, as arbiter of the system under the Constitution, had designated João Franco as the president of the Council of Ministers (government chief). João Franco, dissident of the Regenerator Party, convinced the king to dissolve the parliament so that he could implement a series of measures with an aim to moralise Portuguese politics. This decision irritated not only republicans but

1365-653: Is known of the Fiscal Guard (a total of 1397 men), only that a few soldiers were with the troops in Rossio. The civil police (total of 1200 men) stayed in their barracks. This inaction decreased the effective government forces by approximately 2600 men. The fact that some units of the monarchical side sympathised with the republicans, combined with the abandonment by the rebels of the original plan of action, opting instead for entrenchment in Rotunda and Alcântara , led to

1456-406: Is only one that fulfills their duty, this only one will be me."). Machado Santos had already got into action and did not attend the assembly. Instead, he went to the military quarters of the 16th Infantry Regiment where a revolutionary corporal had triggered a rebellion involving the majority of the garrison. A commander and a captain were killed when they made an attempt to control it. Entering

1547-415: Is proportionally divided between the sexes, with 47.57% male and 52.43% female residents. This distribution is also portioned between various age cohorts, with the 25-64 age group the dominant; these groups include: preschool age (0–4 years), 1925 residents; school age (15–24 years), 1324 residents; adults (25-64), 7308 residents; and seniors (age 65 and older, that comprises 3465 residents. The average size of

1638-616: Is the Praça do Município where many of the local services are concentrated, including: municipal offices, local parish services, the district judiciary courts building, detachment of the Guarda Nacional Republicana , a multi-purpose building, BMS multi-service centre and GAE emigrant support office. Meanwhile, other structures and services in the area include: the Health Center (located along Avenida João XXIII );

1729-590: Is the left bank of the Dão River . The accented topography of approximately 124.57 square kilometres (48.10 sq mi) ranges from 256 to 467 metres (840 to 1,532 ft) above sea level. In Vilar Seco, just off the Estrada Nacional E.N.234, between Nelas and Mangualde, is the Parque Ecológico of Quinta da Cerca ( Ecological Park of Quinta do Cerca ). The population of 14037 residents

1820-763: The Ducal Palace in Vila Viçosa in Alentejo , where they had spent time hunting, the King Dom Carlos I and his eldest son and heir-apparent, Luís Filipe , Prince Royal of Portugal were assassinated in Lisbon's Commerce Square . The attack occurred after a progressive decline of the Portuguese political system, effective since the Regeneration , due in part by the political erosion stemming from

1911-531: The Ducal Palace of Vila Viçosa , but the events led the king to bring forward his return to Lisbon, taking a train from the station of Vila Viçosa on the morning of 1 February. The royal escort arrived in Barreiro in the evening where, to cross the Tagus , it took a steam boat to Terreiro do Paço in Lisbon, at around 5pm. Despite the atmosphere of great tension, the king chose to continue in an open carriage , with

SECTION 20

#1732787397618

2002-577: The Lusitanians made the mountain range, then called Montes Hermínios, their headquarters, which became a strong hurdle for the invaders. This did not, however, prevent General Galba from massacring 30,000 Lusitanian mountaineers. When the Romans became lords of the land, they then transformed the Iberian castro of Nogueira into the Roman "Civitas Sena", which was fortified when it became an Ópido with

2093-504: The São Rafael waited for an officer to command it. At about 7am Ladislau Parreira, having been informed by civilians of the situation, sent the Second-Lieutenant Tito de Morais to take command of the São Rafael , with orders for both ships to support the garrison of the barracks. When it became known that on the ship D. Carlos I the crew had begun a mutiny but the officers had entrenched, Lieutenant Carlos da Maia and

2184-778: The Turduli , around the 4th century BC , under the name Senna. The Turduli built a castro in the place of Nogueira, between the hills of Santana and Carvalha do Outeiro. Three smaller castros strategically defended it, one in São Romão, another in Crestelo and a third in what is now Seia. There are still remains of castros in Travancinha, Loriga and São Romão. When the Roman invasion of the Iberian Peninsula took place,

2275-577: The University of Coimbra and, later on, President of the Republic , published an article entitled " Bragança, o último ", considered slanderous against the king and led to Almeida's imprisonment. On 1 April 1890, the explorer Silva Porto self-immolated wrapped in a Portuguese flag in Kuito , Angola, after failed negotiations with the locals, under orders of Paiva Couceiro , which he attributed to

2366-459: The republic in Brazil two months previously, an event that was followed with apprehension by the monarchic government and with jubilation by the defenders of the republic in Portugal. The republicans knew how to take advantage of the dissatisfaction, initiating an increase of their social support base that would climax in the demise of the regime. On 14 January, the progressive government fell and

2457-617: The ultimatum . The death of the well-known explorer of the African continent generated a wave of national sentiment, and his funeral was followed by a crowd in Porto. On 11 April, Guerra Junqueiro 's poetic work Finis Patriae , a satire criticising the King, went on sale. In the city of Porto , on 31 January 1891, a military uprising against the monarchy took place, constituted mainly by sergeants and enlisted ranks . The rebels, who used

2548-678: The 20th century. Situated within the Centro region, the municipality is located on the Beirão plateau, surrounded in the south and east by the Serra da Estrela , the Serra Açor, and the Serra da Lousã mountain ranges; to the west the Serra do Bussaco, Serra do Caramulo, Serra da Freita and Serra do Montemurro. To the southwest is the right margin of the Mondego River , while to the northwest

2639-436: The 21st century Millenium Rotunda and its imposing iron sculpture. Two important buildings to note, and patrimony of Nelas: Many old religious buildings continue to be used for worship within the municipality, although many have long since been transformed into other uses, owing to the events surrounding the expulsion of religious orders. 5 October 1910 revolution Republican victory 5 October 1910 Revolution

2730-480: The 2nd Infantry Regiment and the 2nd Caçadores Regiment, also sympathisers of the rebellion, to go on to Alcântara where it was to support the naval barracks. The original route intersected with a Municipal Guard outpost which forced the column to follow a different route. After a few confrontations with the police and civilians, it finally found the column led by Palla. Together, the columns advanced to Rotunda, where they entrenched at around 5am. The stationed force

2821-807: The CTT Post Office (on Rua Luis de Camões ), the municipal stadium, the António Lobo Antunes Library (located on Avenida Dr. Francisco de Sá Carneiro , the Sports Pavilion and the Municipal swimming pool (located on Avenida Dr. Francisco de Sá Carneiro ), and the detachment of the local voluntary firehouse (located on Rua António Lobo Antunes ). In addition, the urban landscape includes there are three industrial zones, with several large and medium-sized enterprises, as well as various shops and department stores. Nelas has

Seia - Misplaced Pages Continue

2912-554: The Citadel of Cascais . After the murder of Miguel Bombarda , shot by one of his patients, the republican leaders assembled with urgency on the night of the 3rd. Some officials were against the meeting due to the strong military presence, but Admiral Cândido dos Reis insisted for it to take place, saying " A Revolução não será adiada: sigam-me, se quiserem. Havendo um só que cumpra o seu dever, esse único serei eu. " ("The Revolution will not be delayed: follow me, if you want. If there

3003-592: The First Republic. The national anthem and flag were changed, and some civil and religious liberties established; a wave of harsh anti-clericalism soon followed, corroding relations between the Republic and the Catholic Church . On 11 January 1890 the British government of Lord Salisbury sent the Portuguese government an ultimatum in the form of a "memorandum", demanding the retreat of

3094-461: The Palace of Necessidades: 2nd Infantry, 2nd Cavalry and the mobile battery of Queluz. The latter included the colonial war hero Henrique Mitchell de Paiva Couceiro . The column advanced until near the prison, where it assumed combat positions. However, before these were completed, the column was attacked by rebels. The attack was repelled but resulted in a few wounded men, several dead pack animals and

3185-566: The Portuguese Republic in 1910. This rally took place on the 25th of September and was chaired by Afonso Costa , a local of Seia. Administratively, the municipality is divided into 21 civil parishes ( freguesias ): Seia is twinned with: Nelas Nelas ( Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈnɛlɐʃ] ) is a municipality located in the Centro Region of continental Portugal. The population in 2011

3276-521: The Portuguese military forces led by Serpa Pinto from the territory between the colonies of Angola and Mozambique (in the current Zimbabwe and Zambia ), an area claimed by Portugal under the Pink Map . The swift compliance by the government to the British demands was seen as a national humiliation by a broad cross-section of the population and the elite. This ramified deep dissatisfaction with

3367-462: The Queen's Minister Rodrigo da Fonseca Magalhães, created the municipality of Nelas. The municipality advanced due to its privileged geographic situation, at the junction of several roadways connecting Viseu to the Serra da Estrela mountain range, and the railway that also crossed the mountains. This position allowed the municipality to become the major industrial centre of the district of Viseu during

3458-480: The Republican Party continued to gain ground. In the election of 5 April 1908, the last legislative elections to occur during the monarchy, seven members were elected to parliament, among which were Estêvão de Vasconcelos, Feio Terenas and Manuel de Brito Camacho . In the election of 28 August 1910 the party had a resounding success, electing 14 members to parliament, 10 for Lisbon. Meanwhile, in spite of

3549-472: The Republican Party. Besides Rodrigues de Freitas, Manuel de Arriaga , José Elias Garcia, Zófimo Consiglieri Pedroso , José Maria Latino Coelho, Bernardino Pereira Pinheiro, Eduardo de Abreu, Francisco Teixeira de Queirós, José Jacinto Nunes, and Francisco Gomes da Silva were also elected members of parliament, representing the PRP in various legislative sessions between 1884 and 1894. From this date to 1900 there

3640-570: The addition of 1935 buildings into the stock. Administratively, the municipality is divided into 7 civil parishes ( freguesias ): With a local population of 4702 residents, the urban town of Nelas consists of an area of 21.47 square kilometres (8.29 sq mi), situated on the Beirão plateau, opposite the Serra do Caramulo. It is 22 kilometres (14 mi) from Viseu, 77 kilometres (48 mi) from Coimbra, 133 kilometres (83 mi) from Porto and 280 kilometres (170 mi), with daily connections by road and rail-lines. Central to this centre

3731-447: The attack, since King Carlos was highly regarded by other European heads of state. The Lisbon regicide hastened the end of the monarchy by placing the young and inexperienced D. Manuel II on the throne and throwing the monarchical parties against one another. Their [the republicans'] shows of strength on the streets of Lisbon – for example, on 2 August 1909, which brought together fifty thousand people, with an impressive discipline – echo

Seia - Misplaced Pages Continue

3822-691: The beginning of July; the August folklore festival in Vale de Madeiros ; and the Dão Wine festival and fair, on the first weekend of September. The Fundação Lapa do Lobo, located along Rua de Santa Catarina in Lapa do Lobo, is an entity that strives to promote the culture of the municipality, through cultural activities, such as art exhibitions, a public free-of-charge library and an auditorium for public events. The following section, although not exhaustive, provides

3913-475: The beginning of the events did not occur favorably for the rebels. The three cannon shots – the accorded signal for the civilians and military to advance – did not take place. Only a shot was heard and the Admiral Cândido dos Reis, expecting the signal to take command of the warships, was informed that everything had failed, which prompted him to retire to his sister's house. The next morning his dead body

4004-480: The carriage. The prince, D. Manuel was struck in the arm. Two of the attackers, Manuel Buíça , a primary school teacher, and Alfredo Luís da Costa , a commerce employee and editor, were killed at the scene, others managed to escape. The carriage entered the Navy Arsenal, where the deaths of the king and his heir were verified. After the attack, João Franco's government was dismissed and a rigorous investigation

4095-494: The cause hadn't joined. Even so, the republican forces included about 400 men in Rotunda, 1000 to 1500 in Alcântara counting the naval crews, as well as having managed to take hold of the city's artillery, with most of the ammunition, to which was added the naval artillery. Rotunda and Alcântara were occupied, but concrete plans for the revolution had not yet been decided and the main leaders hadn't yet appeared. In spite of this,

4186-402: The congress the imperative mandate to start the revolution . The logistic role for the preparation of plot was assigned to the most radical elements. The civil committee was formed by Afonso Costa , João Pinheiro Chagas and António José de Almeida , while the admiral Carlos Cândido dos Reis was the leader of the military committee. António José de Almeida was assigned the role of organising

4277-653: The construction of roads (such as those still visible in Santar and Vilar Seco). Remnants of Middle Age influences can be since on the gravestone in Pedras da Forca. The municipality of Nelas was created on 9 December 1852, during the politico-administrative reforms following the Liberal Revolution, that rationalized the chaotic local administration, and merged the two older municipalities of Senhorim with Canas de Senhorim. By Decree, Queen Maria II of Portugal and

4368-437: The division's command. However, he received the perplexing order to retreat. Meanwhile, a column had been formed with the intention to attack simultaneously the rebels in Rotunda, a plan that was never carried out because of the order to retreat. The column reached Rossio in the evening without having joined combat. This inaction was not caused by the incompetence of its commander, General António Carvalhal, as would become clear

4459-447: The early 20th century, the region has become more industrialized, due to entrepreneurial innovation local labour force. The small town of Caldas da Felgueira for example, located approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the town centre, is known for the medicinal hot springs, that began treating illness and disease since the 19th century. This area was expanded and incorporated into a modern spa, that includes beauty treatments, but also

4550-424: The emergence of the revolution was marked by great instability and political and social unrest, with several threats of uprising risking the revolution due to the impatience of the navy , led by Machado Santos , who was ready for action. On 3 October 1910 the republican uprising foreshadowed by the political unrest finally took place. Although many of those involved in the republican cause avoided participation in

4641-496: The everyday realities of the country. The works of Teófilo Braga contributed to this task by trying to concretise the decentralising and federalist ideas, abandoning the socialist quality in favour of democratic aspects. This change also aimed to attract the small and medium bourgeoisie , which turned into one of the main bases of republican support. In the election of 13 October 1878 the PRP elected its first member of parliament, José Joaquim Rodrigues de Freitas , for Porto. There

SECTION 50

#1732787397618

4732-515: The evident electoral success of the republican movement, the most revolutionary sector of the party called for armed struggle as the best means to achieve power in a short amount of time. It was this faction that came victorious from the party congress that took place in Setúbal between 23 and 25 April 1909. The directorate, composed by the moderate Teófilo Braga , Basílio Teles , Eusébio Leão , José Cupertino Ribeiro and José Relvas , received from

4823-552: The feast day of Nossa Senhora da Tosse, in Folhadal; on 15 August, the feast day of Nossa Senhora do Viso, in Carvalhal Redondo; and the feast day of Santa Eufémia, in Santar, on 16 September; as well as the feast of São Silvestre on the last day of the year. Meanwhile, secular celebrations also bring activities to the streets of the municipality, with the festival of Nelas on the 24 June; the river festival of Moreira at

4914-422: The first republican theses by José Félix Henriques Nogueira, identifying the monarchy as antipatriotism and the yielding to foreign interests. Another strong component of republican ideology was emphasised by anti-clericalism , due to the theorisation of Teófilo Braga, who identified religion as an obstacle to progress and responsible for the scientific retardation of Portugal, in opposition to republicanism, which

5005-549: The higher altitudes of the Serra da Estrela. As for the rainfall regime, there is a short dry season, which comprises the summer months of July and August. It is 98 km from Coimbra , 67 km from Guarda , 45 km from Viseu , 298 km from Lisbon and 163 km from Porto . It is mainly served by the Nacional 17 and Nacional 231, which allow a connection to the A25, A24 and IP3. The Lagoa Comprida dam , built from

5096-578: The ideological and political action that, since its creation in 1876, the Portuguese Republican Party (PRP) had been developing with the objective of overthrowing the monarchic regime. By making the national renewal dependent on the end of the monarchy, the Republican Party managed to define itself as distinct from the Portuguese Socialist Party , which defended a collaboration with the regime in exchange for

5187-523: The leader of the Regenerador Party, António de Serpa Pimentel , was chosen to form the new government. The progressivists then began to attack the king, voting for republican candidates in the March election of that year, questioning the colonial agreement then signed with the British. Feeding an atmosphere of near insurrection, on 23 March 1890, António José de Almeida , at the time a student at

5278-657: The middle of great popular enthusiasm and, also, the transfer of the remains of Camões and Vasco da Gama to Jerónimos Monastery . The atmosphere of the national celebration that characterised the commemorations complemented the patriotic exaltation. The idea of the Camões commemorations came from the Lisbon Geographic Society , but the execution was entrusted to a commission constituted by, amongst others, Teófilo Braga, Ramalho Ortigão , Jaime Batalha Reis , Magalhães Lima and Pinheiro Chagas, leading figures of

5369-553: The municipal guard that remained loyal to the government, resulting in 40 injured and 12 casualties. The captured rebels were judged. 250 received sentences of between 18 months and 15 years of exile in Africa. A Portuguesa was forbidden. Despite its failure, the rebellion of 31 January 1891 was the first large threat felt by the monarchic regime and a sign of what would come almost two decades later. Thinking and science are republican, because creative genius lives on freedom and only

5460-529: The nationalist anthem A Portuguesa as their marching song , took the Paços do Concelho , from whose balcony, the republican journalist and politician Augusto Manuel Alves da Veiga proclaimed the establishment of the republic in Portugal and hoisted a red and green flag belonging to the Federal Democratic Centre. The movement was, shortly afterwards, suppressed by a military detachment of

5551-413: The new king, Carlos I of Portugal , the royal family and the institution of the monarchy, all of which were seen as responsible for the alleged process of "national decline". The situation was aggravated by the severe financial crisis that occurred between 1890 and 1891, when the money sent from emigrants in Brazil decreased by 80% with the so-called crisis of encilhamento following the proclamation of

SECTION 60

#1732787397618

5642-472: The party didn't bother to spread its principles. The most effective action of dissemination was the propaganda made through its rallies and popular demonstrations and bulletins such as A Voz Pública (The Public Voice) in Porto, O Século (The Age, from 1880) O Mundo (The World, from 1900) and A Luta (The Struggle, from 1906) in Lisbon. The republican propaganda managed to take advantage of some historical facts with popular repercussions. The celebrations of

5733-411: The path of progress . After the reluctance of the military to oppose the nearly two thousand soldiers and sailors that rebelled on 3 and 4 October 1910, the Republic was proclaimed at 9 a.m the next day from the balcony of Lisbon 's City Hall . A provisional government led by Teófilo Braga directed the fate of the country until the approval of the Constitution in 1911, which marked the beginning of

5824-546: The pillories. Many were later destroyed or neglected following the Liberal Revolution of 1820. Other civic structures and buildings: The architecture of the early 20th century is also represented; at the street Rua Dr. Eurico do Amaral , Rua Luís de Camões , and Rua Sacadura Cabral ; in the Largo General José Tavares , marked by a statue "Escanção por bem servir" , dedicated to the Dão wine industry; and

5915-671: The police force and municipal guards, they were distributed through the city as set out in the plan, intended to protect strategic points such as Rossio Railway Station , the gas factory, the Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda (the Portuguese mint), the postal building, the Carmo barracks , the ammunition depot in Beirolas and the residence of the President of the Council of Ministers, where the government had assembled. Little

6006-450: The previous year the government forces had a plan of action, drawn up by order of the military commander of Lisbon, General Manuel Rafael Gorjão Henriques. When, on the evening of the 3rd, the President of the Council of Ministers Teixeira de Sousa informed him of the imminence of a revolt, a prevention order was soon sent to the garrisons in the city. The units of Artillery 3 and Light Infantry 6 were called from Santarém , while Infantry 15

6097-428: The primary attractants occurring: on the first Saturday of the month in Canas de Senhorim; the second Saturday of the month in Nelas; the third Saturday of the month in Carvalhal Redondo, and on the last Saturday of the month in Santar. Religious celebrations within the municipality vary owing to different patrons saints, but the more popular include celebrations during Holy Week , including the Tuesday of Easter, during

6188-493: The public. The young king began his rule by nominating a consensus government presided by admiral Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral . This government of pacification , as it became known, despite achieving a temporary calm, only lasted for a short amount of time. The political situation degraded again quickly, leading to having seven different governments in the space of two years. The monarchical parties rose against each other once more and fragmented into splinter groups, while

6279-416: The rights of the working class and attracted the sympathy of the dissatisfied sections of society. Disagreements within the party became more connected with matters of political than ideological strategy. The ideological direction of the Portuguese republicanism had been traced much earlier by the works of José Félix Henriques Nogueira , little changed through the years, except in terms of later adaptation to

6370-466: The riots organised in the Assembly by some republican Parliament representatives. It was on the night of 2 August that I understood that the crown was at stake: when the king, rightly or wrongly, is contested or rejected by a part of the opinion, he can no longer fulfil his unifying role. Amélie of Orléans Due to his young age (18 years) and the tragic and bloody way in which he reached power, Manuel II of Portugal obtained an initial sympathy from

6461-414: The royalist opposition as well; led by political rivals of Franco who accused him of governing as a dictator. The events were aggravated by the issues of the advanced payments to the Royal House and the signing of the decree of 30 January 1908 that foresaw the banishment to the colonies, without judgement, those involved in a failed republican coup two days prior. I saw a man with a black beard [...] open

6552-519: The sale of the thermal waters. Nelas falls within the Turismo do Centro association, that promotes the area's archaeological, historical and religious architecture, that includes its pillories, the places of worship, fountains and mills. There are three different routes with the following itinerary: Fairs, festivals, and local markets occur throughout the year, but the primary local and tourist-oriented events. Monthly markets are held on Saturdays, with

6643-771: The same name. It was later occupied by the Visigoths and the Moors , the latter from the 8th century onwards. At the time of the Christian Reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula , the town was definitively conquered from the Moors by Fernando Magno , who rebuilt its fortification. About this episode, the chronicle of monk Silas recounts the violence of the attack and how the Christians put the occupants of Ópido Sena into flight, towards Ópido Visense (now Viseu). During

6734-450: The scattering of about half the infantry. Paiva Couceiro responded with cannons and the infantry that remained during 45 minutes, ordering an attack that was carried out by around 30 soldiers, but which was beaten with some casualties. Continuing the gunfire, he ordered a new attack, but only 20 soldiers followed the order. Thinking that he had found the right time to assault the barracks of Artillery 1, Paiva Couceiro requested reinforcement to

6825-480: The secret societies such as the Carbonária – in whose leadership was integrated the naval commissary António Machado Santos —, the freemasons and the Junta Liberal , led by Miguel Bombarda . This eminent doctor played an important part in the dissemination of republican propaganda among the bourgeoisie, which brought many sympathisers to the republican cause. The period between the congress of 1909 and

6916-507: The sovereign granted the first charter to the village in 1136, designating it Civitatem Senam. Other charters followed, such as the one granted by Afonso II , in December 1217, that of Duarte of Portugal , in December 1433, that of Afonso V , in August 1479, and, finally, that of Manuel I , on 1 June 1510. It was in Seia that the last republican rally was held before the establishment of

7007-406: The third centenary of the death of Luís de Camões (Portugal's Shakespeare) in 1580, and the British ultimatum in 1890, for example, were capitalised on to present the republicans as the true representatives of the purest national sentiments and popular aspirations. The third centenary of Camões was commemorated with great celebrations: a civic entourage that went through the streets of Lisbon, in

7098-421: The time of formation of the Portuguese nationality, Bermudo Peres, Teresa of León 's brother-in-law, started a revolt in the castle of Seia. He was unsuccessful, as Afonso I , having learned of this, went to meet him with his forces and expelled him from the castle. In the following year, he donated the domains of Seia and its castle to his servant João Viegas in recognition of services rendered. A few years later,

7189-517: The two political parties ( Progressive and Regenerator ), the dictatorship of João Franco , and the regime's apparent inability to adapt to modern times all led to widespread resentment against the Monarchy. The proponents of the republic, particularly the Republican Party, found ways to take advantage of the situation. The Republican Party presented itself as the only one with a programme capable of regaining Portugal's lost status and placing it on

7280-435: The uprising, making it seem like the revolt had failed, it eventually succeeded thanks to the government's inability to gather enough troops to control the nearly two hundred armed revolutionaries that resisted in the Rotunda . In the summer of 1910 Lisbon was teeming with rumours and many times the President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) Teixeira de Sousa was warned of imminent coups d'état . The revolution

7371-570: Was 14,037, in an area of 125.71 km². Settlement of the territory of Nelas dates back to the settlement by Neolithic and Stone age cultures, between 5000 and 3000 BC. Many of the structures that developed in this period were stone slabs and large rocks, and included megalithic monuments such as the Orca Pramelas, in Canas de Senhorim, and Outeiro Roque, near the village Lapa do Lobo. Roman settlements also intersected this territory, with

7462-422: Was also an intention to give the overthrow of the monarchy overtones of unification, nationalism and being above the particular interests of individual social classes. This panacea that would cure, once and for all, all the ills of the nation, elevating it to glory, emphasised two fundamental tendencies: nationalism and colonialism . From this combination came the final desertion of Iberian Federalism , patent in

7553-464: Was called from Tomar . As soon as news of the revolt was received, the plan was put into practice: the 1st Infantry, 2nd Infantry, 2nd Caçadores and 2nd Cavalry regiments and the artillery battery of Queluz , went to the Palace of Necessidades to protect the king, while the 5th Infantry and the 5th Caçadores moved to Rossio Square , with the mission to protect the military headquarters. As for

7644-431: Was composed by four infantry regiments, two cavalry regiments and two Caçadores (light infantry) battalions , with a theoretical total of 6982 men. However, in practice, there were other useful units in military outposts used for lookout and general police duties, especially in the industrial district of Barreiro due to the bout of strikes and syndicalist activity that had been ongoing since September. Ever since

7735-475: Was composed of around 200 to 300 men of the 1st Artillery Regiment, 50 to 60 men of the 16th Infantry Regiment and around 200 civilians. The captains Sá Cardoso and Palla and the naval commissary Machado Santos were among the 9 officers in command. Meanwhile, Lieutenant Ladislau Parreira and some officers and civilians entered the barracks of the Naval Corps of Alcântara at 1am, managing to take arms, provoke

7826-476: Was found in Arroios . In desperation, he had committed suicide by a shot to the head. Meanwhile, in Rotunda, the apparent calm in the city was so discouraging to the rebels that officers preferred to give up. Sá Cardoso, Palla and other officers retired to their houses, but Machado Santos stayed and assumed command. This decision proved fundamental to the success of the revolution. The military garrison of Lisbon

7917-457: Was launched which found, two years later, that the attack had been committed by members of the secret organisation Carbonária . The investigation formally concluded on 5 October 1910. However, more suspects were subsequently found to have had direct involvement, some of whom went into hiding in Brazil and France , though at least two had been killed by the Carbonária . Europe was shocked by

8008-459: Was linked by him to science, progress and well-being. Ideological issues were not, ultimately, fundamental to the republican strategy: for the majority of sympathisers, who didn't even know the texts of the main manifestos, it was enough to be against the monarchy, against the Church and against the political corruption of traditional parties. This lack of ideological preoccupation doesn't mean that

8099-432: Was no republican parliamentary representation. In this phase, while separated from parliament, the party committed itself to its internal organisation. After a period of great repression of PRP, the republican movement could reenter the legislative race in 1900, electing four parliament members: Afonso Costa , Alexandre Braga, António José de Almeida and João de Meneses. On 1 February 1908, while returning to Lisbon from

8190-412: Was not an exception: the coup was expected by the government, who on 3 October gave orders for all the garrison troops of the city to be on guard. After a dinner offered in honour of D. Manuel II by Brazilian president Hermes da Fonseca , then on a state visit to Portugal, the monarch retreated to the Palace of Necessidades while his uncle and sworn heir to the throne, prince D. Afonso , went on to

8281-579: Was the overthrow of the centuries-old Portuguese monarchy and its replacement by the First Portuguese Republic . It was the result of a coup d'état organized by the Portuguese Republican Party . By 1910, the Kingdom of Portugal was in deep crisis: national anger over the 1890 British Ultimatum , the royal family's expenses, the assassination of the King and his heir in 1908 , changing religious and social views, instability of

#617382