88-413: " Life " ( Japanese : 生命体 , Hepburn : Seimeitai , lit. ' Life ' as in lifeform ) ( Japanese pronunciation: [seːmeːtai] ) is a song by Japanese singer-songwriter and musician Gen Hoshino . The song was first released by Speedstar Records on August 14, 2023, as a digital-exclusive single. It was self-produced and written by Hoshino as the main theme to TBS broadcast of
176-672: A "univeral message" also present in the everyday life of most listeners. Tomoyuki Mori, also for Real Sound , described the lyrics as leading listeners towards "total freedom" by "transcending one's own consciousness". "Life" was announced as the theme song to the World Athletics Championships and Asian Games in June 2023. For the Athletics Championships, it would take over as theme song after Yūji Oda 's "All My Treasures", which had been in use since
264-637: A benefit from the in-group to the out-group) means "[I/we] explained [it] to [him/her/them]". Such beneficiary auxiliary verbs thus serve a function comparable to that of pronouns and prepositions in Indo-European languages to indicate the actor and the recipient of an action. Japanese "pronouns" also function differently from most modern Indo-European pronouns (and more like nouns) in that they can take modifiers as any other noun may. For instance, one does not say in English: The amazed he ran down
352-698: A campaign by the Ad Council Japan that encouraged preparation for the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, and " Continues " (2016) for broadcast of the 2016 Summer Paralympics on SKY PerfecTV! . Due to restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic , the 2022 Asian Games were postponed to September and October 2023, only a month after the 2023 World Athletics Championships would be held in August. The song "All My Treasures" (2007) by Yūji Oda had served as
440-414: A distinct language of its own that has absorbed various aspects from neighboring languages. Japanese has five vowels, and vowel length is phonemic, with each having both a short and a long version. Elongated vowels are usually denoted with a line over the vowel (a macron ) in rōmaji , a repeated vowel character in hiragana , or a chōonpu succeeding the vowel in katakana . /u/ ( listen )
528-419: A glide /j/ and either the first part of a geminate consonant ( っ / ッ , represented as Q) or a moraic nasal in the coda ( ん / ン , represented as N). The nasal is sensitive to its phonetic environment and assimilates to the following phoneme, with pronunciations including [ɴ, m, n, ɲ, ŋ, ɰ̃] . Onset-glide clusters only occur at the start of syllables but clusters across syllables are allowed as long as
616-484: A listener depending on the listener's relative social position and the degree of familiarity between the speaker and the listener. When used in different social relationships, the same word may have positive (intimate or respectful) or negative (distant or disrespectful) connotations. Japanese often use titles of the person referred to where pronouns would be used in English. For example, when speaking to one's teacher, it
704-480: A promotional interview conducted with TBS, Hoshino said that he was glad to receive the offer as an avid viewer of the TBS sports YouTube channel: "When I'm writing songs [or] memorizing lines for a role ... It's often that I'm at home without moving. During those times I like to watch other people move [laughs]." Hoshino invisioned "Life" as a song that encourages athletes, sports fans, and everyone else that lives within
792-441: A racetrack of sorts, and we only feel freedom in respect to that race ... I think that not just humans, but everything living—even microrganisms that we cannot read the emotions of—live on that racetrack ... For a song about living in present times, I thought that the title 'Life', literally the body of a living creature, perfectly represented its relation to sports." Compared to his prior work on sports-related songs, Hoshino felt that
880-408: A sentence need not be stated and pronouns may be omitted if they can be inferred from context. In the example above, hana ga nagai would mean "[their] noses are long", while nagai by itself would mean "[they] are long." A single verb can be a complete sentence: Yatta! ( やった! ) "[I / we / they / etc] did [it]!". In addition, since adjectives can form the predicate in a Japanese sentence (below),
968-428: A single adjective can be a complete sentence: Urayamashii! ( 羨ましい! ) "[I'm] jealous [about it]!". While the language has some words that are typically translated as pronouns, these are not used as frequently as pronouns in some Indo-European languages, and function differently. In some cases, Japanese relies on special verb forms and auxiliary verbs to indicate the direction of benefit of an action: "down" to indicate
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#17327902563651056-411: A sound that releases listeners from ego and pressures. Himself not a Christian, he wanted to process gospel through his own musical style and only take inspiration to avoid distastefully replicating the genre. Hoshino had gradually experimented with gospel influences on tracks like " Umare Kawari " (2013), " Soul " (2015), and the single " Cube " (2021). While Hoshino believed that "Cube" was not enjoyed by
1144-572: A supportive song celebrating existence, the type of song that makes listeners understand the meaning of life. In a review for the double A-side single, Sugiura felt that "Life" encouraged her to "start running before seeking for meaning." She wrote that the partner A-side " Why " felt like a continuation to the story of "Life", despite their different styles. Lyrically, "Life" opens with description of an athlete's competition and their liberation from it, while keeping similarities with international topics outside this specific competition ("Before I knew it, I
1232-458: A third time in December, performing "Life" and " Comedy " as part of a Christmas special. On New Year's Eve, he returned to NHK to perform the song for the 74th annual Kōhaku Uta Gassen . Hoshino sang from the roof of Toranomon Hills , marking his ninth Kōhaku appearance. The New Year's performance was uploaded in full to YouTube on January 10, 2024. A music video to "Life", directed by GROUPN,
1320-680: Is compressed rather than protruded , or simply unrounded. Some Japanese consonants have several allophones , which may give the impression of a larger inventory of sounds. However, some of these allophones have since become phonemic. For example, in the Japanese language up to and including the first half of the 20th century, the phonemic sequence /ti/ was palatalized and realized phonetically as [tɕi] , approximately chi ( listen ) ; however, now [ti] and [tɕi] are distinct, as evidenced by words like tī [tiː] "Western-style tea" and chii [tɕii] "social status". The "r" of
1408-421: Is topic–comment . Sentence-final particles are used to add emotional or emphatic impact, or form questions. Nouns have no grammatical number or gender , and there are no articles . Verbs are conjugated , primarily for tense and voice , but not person . Japanese adjectives are also conjugated. Japanese has a complex system of honorifics , with verb forms and vocabulary to indicate the relative status of
1496-486: Is a Japanese historical drama television series and the 58th NHK taiga drama . It stars Nakamura Kankurō VI and Sadao Abe as marathon runner Shiso Kanakuri and swimming coach Masaji Tabata respectively. It began broadcasting in 2019 as part of the lead up to the 2020 Summer Olympics for which NHK was, under the Japan Consortium , principal co-host broadcaster. This drama marks the 55th anniversary of
1584-448: Is also seen in o-medetō "congratulations", from medetaku ). Late Middle Japanese has the first loanwords from European languages – now-common words borrowed into Japanese in this period include pan ("bread") and tabako ("tobacco", now "cigarette"), both from Portuguese . Modern Japanese is considered to begin with the Edo period (which spanned from 1603 to 1867). Since Old Japanese,
1672-527: Is also used in a limited fashion (such as for imported acronyms) in Japanese writing. The numeral system uses mostly Arabic numerals , but also traditional Chinese numerals . Proto-Japonic , the common ancestor of the Japanese and Ryukyuan languages , is thought to have been brought to Japan by settlers coming from the Korean peninsula sometime in the early- to mid-4th century BC (the Yayoi period ), replacing
1760-440: Is appropriate to use sensei ( 先生 , "teacher"), but inappropriate to use anata . This is because anata is used to refer to people of equal or lower status, and one's teacher has higher status. Japanese nouns have no grammatical number, gender or article aspect. The noun hon ( 本 ) may refer to a single book or several books; hito ( 人 ) can mean "person" or "people", and ki ( 木 ) can be "tree" or "trees". Where number
1848-701: Is associated with comedy (see Kansai dialect ). Dialects of Tōhoku and North Kantō are associated with typical farmers. The Ryūkyūan languages, spoken in Okinawa and the Amami Islands (administratively part of Kagoshima ), are distinct enough to be considered a separate branch of the Japonic family; not only is each language unintelligible to Japanese speakers, but most are unintelligible to those who speak other Ryūkyūan languages. However, in contrast to linguists, many ordinary Japanese people tend to consider
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#17327902563651936-466: Is better documentation of Late Middle Japanese phonology than for previous forms (for instance, the Arte da Lingoa de Iapam ). Among other sound changes, the sequence /au/ merges to /ɔː/ , in contrast with /oː/ ; /p/ is reintroduced from Chinese; and /we/ merges with /je/ . Some forms rather more familiar to Modern Japanese speakers begin to appear – the continuative ending - te begins to reduce onto
2024-509: Is correlated with the sex of the speaker and the social situation in which they are spoken: men and women alike in a formal situation generally refer to themselves as watashi ( 私 , literally "private") or watakushi (also 私 , hyper-polite form), while men in rougher or intimate conversation are much more likely to use the word ore ( 俺 "oneself", "myself") or boku . Similarly, different words such as anata , kimi , and omae ( お前 , more formally 御前 "the one before me") may refer to
2112-417: Is important, it can be indicated by providing a quantity (often with a counter word ) or (rarely) by adding a suffix, or sometimes by duplication (e.g. 人人 , hitobito , usually written with an iteration mark as 人々 ). Words for people are usually understood as singular. Thus Tanaka-san usually means Mx Tanaka . Words that refer to people and animals can be made to indicate a group of individuals through
2200-755: Is less common. In terms of mutual intelligibility , a survey in 1967 found that the four most unintelligible dialects (excluding Ryūkyūan languages and Tōhoku dialects ) to students from Greater Tokyo were the Kiso dialect (in the deep mountains of Nagano Prefecture ), the Himi dialect (in Toyama Prefecture ), the Kagoshima dialect and the Maniwa dialect (in Okayama Prefecture ). The survey
2288-420: Is often called a topic-prominent language , which means it has a strong tendency to indicate the topic separately from the subject, and that the two do not always coincide. The sentence Zō wa hana ga nagai ( 象は鼻が長い ) literally means, "As for elephant(s), (the) nose(s) (is/are) long". The topic is zō "elephant", and the subject is hana "nose". Japanese grammar tends toward brevity; the subject or object of
2376-498: Is preserved in words such as matsuge ("eyelash", lit. "hair of the eye"); modern mieru ("to be visible") and kikoeru ("to be audible") retain a mediopassive suffix - yu(ru) ( kikoyu → kikoyuru (the attributive form, which slowly replaced the plain form starting in the late Heian period) → kikoeru (all verbs with the shimo-nidan conjugation pattern underwent this same shift in Early Modern Japanese )); and
2464-665: Is the principal language of the Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people . It has around 123 million speakers, primarily in Japan , the only country where it is the national language , and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. The Japonic family also includes the Ryukyuan languages and the variously classified Hachijō language . There have been many attempts to group the Japonic languages with other families such as
2552-402: Is the version of Japanese discussed in this article. Formerly, standard Japanese in writing ( 文語 , bungo , "literary language") was different from colloquial language ( 口語 , kōgo ) . The two systems have different rules of grammar and some variance in vocabulary. Bungo was the main method of writing Japanese until about 1900; since then kōgo gradually extended its influence and
2640-471: Is used for the present and the future. For verbs that represent an ongoing process, the -te iru form indicates a continuous (or progressive) aspect , similar to the suffix ing in English. For others that represent a change of state, the -te iru form indicates a perfect aspect. For example, kite iru means "They have come (and are still here)", but tabete iru means "They are eating". Questions (both with an interrogative pronoun and yes/no questions) have
2728-405: Is why some linguists do not classify Japanese "pronouns" as pronouns, but rather as referential nouns, much like Spanish usted (contracted from vuestra merced , "your ( majestic plural ) grace") or Portuguese você (from vossa mercê ). Japanese personal pronouns are generally used only in situations requiring special emphasis as to who is doing what to whom. The choice of words used as pronouns
Life (Gen Hoshino song) - Misplaced Pages Continue
2816-510: The Billboard Japan Hot 100 and No. 44 on Oricon 's Combined Singles Chart. A digital-exclusive release, it took first place on both publications' download charts. A music video directed by GROUPN was premiered to Hoshino's YouTube channel the day of the single's release, featuring guest appearances from sprinter Yoshihide Kiryū , former Nogizaka46 member Asuka Saitō , and dancer THE D SoraKi. Throughout 2023, Hoshino promoted
2904-574: The 1964 Summer Olympics , which the NHK broadcast. It is the second post-war taiga drama in NHK history (the first was Inochi: Life in 1986) and the last series to premiere in the Heisei era and the first series to air during the Reiwa era. The series received an average rating of 8.2%, the lowest in history for a taiga drama. The drama focuses on the stories of two Japanese Olympians from different times of
2992-428: The 2007 event . "Life" was announced for a single release on August 7, along with the publication of a new visual of Hoshino. It was released as a digital-exclusive single by Speedstar Records a week later on August 14, 2023 and marked Hoshino's first new song in almost a year. To promote the release, label parent company Victor Entertainment hosted a campaign that allowed listeners to acquire phone wallpapers based on
3080-520: The 2022 Asian Games and 2023 World Athletics Championships , which were hosted closely together as a result of rescheduling in the COVID-19 pandemic. With gospel influences, the track has an upbeat rock and R&B sound through a small instrumental line-up, led primarily by piano. Lyrically, the song discusses competition and the exhilaration felt on the field, with international themes applicable to everyday life. Upon release, "Life" took No. 7 on
3168-615: The Ainu , Austronesian , Koreanic , and the now-discredited Altaic , but none of these proposals have gained any widespread acceptance. Little is known of the language's prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century AD recorded a few Japanese words, but substantial Old Japanese texts did not appear until the 8th century. From the Heian period (794–1185), extensive waves of Sino-Japanese vocabulary entered
3256-462: The Japonic language family, which also includes the Ryukyuan languages spoken in the Ryukyu Islands . As these closely related languages are commonly treated as dialects of the same language, Japanese is sometimes called a language isolate . According to Martine Irma Robbeets , Japanese has been subject to more attempts to show its relation to other languages than any other language in
3344-1223: The Olympic Games from 1912 up to 1964 , with Kankurō Kudō as writer and Tsuyoshi Inoue as chief director. The drama series' title, Idaten: Tokyo Orinpikku-banashi (subtitle: "A Tale of the Tokyo Olympics"), was revealed on April 4, 2017. The main cast of the series was announced on November 1, 2017, which included Nakamura Kankurō VI , Sadao Abe , Haruka Ayase , Toma Ikuta , Hana Sugisaki , Kento Nagayama , and Ryo Katsuji among others. The second cast announcement on November 29, 2017, included Takeshi Kitano as Kokontei Shinshō V. The third cast announcement on March 30, 2018, included Tomorowo Taguchi , Yoshiko Miyazaki, Kenta Satoi, and Yō Takahashi. The fourth cast announcement on December 14, 2018, included Gen Hoshino , Tori Matsuzaka , and Yutaka Matsushige . The fifth cast announcement on March 5, 2019, included Shinobu Terajima , Yuina Kuroshima , Koharu Sugawara , Kaho , and Itsuji Itao . Two more cast announcements were done on April 24 and May 17, 2019. On March 12, 2019, actor-musician Masanori "Pierre" Taki , who portrayed
3432-514: The Philippines , and various Pacific islands, locals in those countries learned Japanese as the language of the empire. As a result, many elderly people in these countries can still speak Japanese. Japanese emigrant communities (the largest of which are to be found in Brazil , with 1.4 million to 1.5 million Japanese immigrants and descendants, according to Brazilian IBGE data, more than
3520-738: The United States (notably in Hawaii , where 16.7% of the population has Japanese ancestry, and California ), and the Philippines (particularly in Davao Region and the Province of Laguna ). Japanese has no official status in Japan, but is the de facto national language of the country. There is a form of the language considered standard : hyōjungo ( 標準語 ) , meaning "standard Japanese", or kyōtsūgo ( 共通語 ) , "common language", or even "Tokyo dialect" at times. The meanings of
3608-806: The de facto standard Japanese had been the Kansai dialect , especially that of Kyoto . However, during the Edo period, Edo (now Tokyo) developed into the largest city in Japan, and the Edo-area dialect became standard Japanese. Since the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853, the flow of loanwords from European languages has increased significantly. The period since 1945 has seen many words borrowed from other languages—such as German, Portuguese and English. Many English loan words especially relate to technology—for example, pasokon (short for "personal computer"), intānetto ("internet"), and kamera ("camera"). Due to
Life (Gen Hoshino song) - Misplaced Pages Continue
3696-527: The 1.2 million of the United States ) sometimes employ Japanese as their primary language. Approximately 12% of Hawaii residents speak Japanese, with an estimated 12.6% of the population of Japanese ancestry in 2008. Japanese emigrants can also be found in Peru , Argentina , Australia (especially in the eastern states), Canada (especially in Vancouver , where 1.4% of the population has Japanese ancestry),
3784-597: The 20th century: marathon runner Shiso Kanakuri , who took part in the 1912 Stockholm Summer Olympics and one of the first Japanese athletes to compete in the Games, and swimming coach Masaji Tabata , known as a founding father of Japanese swimming and was part of the successful efforts to bring the Olympics to Japan. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] On November 16, 2016, NHK announced that its 58th taiga drama will be about Japan's participation in
3872-621: The B-side, the single features " Odd Couple " – the main theme to the comedy tour Audrey no All Night Nippon in Tokyo Dome – and "Beyond the Sequence", an instrumental created by Hoshino for a series of UCC coffee commercials starring himself. First editions featured a Blu-ray disc of live performances, consisting of 12 songs from the 2021 online concert YP Live Streaming: Enkai, Hōō-hen and eight songs from Hoshino's acoustic setlist at Live
3960-486: The Japanese language is of particular interest, ranging between an apical central tap and a lateral approximant . The "g" is also notable; unless it starts a sentence, it may be pronounced [ ŋ ] , in the Kanto prestige dialect and in other eastern dialects. The phonotactics of Japanese are relatively simple. The syllable structure is (C)(G)V(C), that is, a core vowel surrounded by an optional onset consonant,
4048-736: The Old Japanese sections are written in Man'yōgana , which uses kanji for their phonetic as well as semantic values. Based on the Man'yōgana system, Old Japanese can be reconstructed as having 88 distinct morae . Texts written with Man'yōgana use two different sets of kanji for each of the morae now pronounced き (ki), ひ (hi), み (mi), け (ke), へ (he), め (me), こ (ko), そ (so), と (to), の (no), も (mo), よ (yo) and ろ (ro). (The Kojiki has 88, but all later texts have 87. The distinction between mo 1 and mo 2 apparently
4136-979: The Oricon Digital Singles ranking. The "Why" / "Life" double A-side single moved over 48,000 physical sales upon release, taking No. 2 on the Oricon Singles Chart , the Combined Singles Chart, and Billboard Japan 's Top Singles Sales ranking. It took first place on Oricon's Anime Singles chart. "Why" charted separately from the single, reaching No. 4 on the Hot 100 and No. 2 on the Billboard Hot Animation. Credits adapted from Hoshino's website. All tracks are written by Gen Hoshino expect where otherwise noted. Japanese language Japanese ( 日本語 , Nihongo , [ɲihoŋɡo] )
4224-488: The Ryūkyūan languages as dialects of Japanese. The imperial court also seems to have spoken an unusual variant of the Japanese of the time, most likely the spoken form of Classical Japanese , a writing style that was prevalent during the Heian period , but began to decline during the late Meiji period . The Ryūkyūan languages are classified by UNESCO as 'endangered', as young people mostly use Japanese and cannot understand
4312-481: The Speedstar in 2023. On the day of its digital release in August, Hoshino promoted "Life" through a live performance on a special for Count Down TV . Hoshino returned to the program on September 18, performing "Life" and his debut single " Kudaranai no Naka ni ". He gave a third performance of "Life" three days later on September 21, appearing on NHK 's music program SONGS . Hoshino revisited Count Down TV for
4400-543: The addition of a collective suffix (a noun suffix that indicates a group), such as -tachi , but this is not a true plural: the meaning is closer to the English phrase "and company". A group described as Tanaka-san-tachi may include people not named Tanaka. Some Japanese nouns are effectively plural, such as hitobito "people" and wareware "we/us", while the word tomodachi "friend" is considered singular, although plural in form. Verbs are conjugated to show tenses, of which there are two: past and present (or non-past) which
4488-407: The chaos of the present time. Roughly half of the song's lyrics had already been written when Hoshino conceived the title "Life". The Japanese title, seimeitai ( 生命体 ) , literally translates to lifeform , which Hoshino thought was perfect for the song's theming on living in present times. He related the concept of a living organism to sports: "Suddenly, I had this idea that people are born onto
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#17327902563654576-531: The cover art to "Life" and an original illustrated by Hoshino, and a two-set of postcards featuring Hoshino. On November 10, Hoshino announced a new double A-side single, to feature "Life" as the second lead track. The partner A-side was revealed a month later to be "Why" ( 光の跡 , Hikari no Ato ) , the ending theme to the anime film Spy × Family Code: White (2023). "Why" / "Life" was released by Speedstar on December 27, as Hoshino's first CD single in almost two years, following "Fushigi" / "Create" (2021). On
4664-402: The double A-side release as Japanese rock and pop . The song's small line-up of instruments is led primarily by the piano, broken as the lead instrument during only a solo on sax. The drums serves as the track's drive, playing strong phrases in quick succession with occasional accented notes. The high-pitched range of notes in the melody and the sax solo gives "Life" an exciting sound, whereas
4752-485: The drums and Nagaoka and Ua's background chorus express a feeling of energy. Music critic Imdkm ( Real Sound ) described the personnel's work as continuing Hoshino's musical style from 2021 and onwards while still delivering a new kind of sound. He called the instrumentality simple and the development straightforward, with a gimmick-less sound that gives the feeling of "quickly running a short distance in high tension". Rockin'On Japan 's Emi Sugiura reviewed "Life" as
4840-578: The effect of changing Japanese into a mora-timed language. Late Middle Japanese covers the years from 1185 to 1600, and is normally divided into two sections, roughly equivalent to the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period , respectively. The later forms of Late Middle Japanese are the first to be described by non-native sources, in this case the Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries; and thus there
4928-455: The flow of loanwords from European languages increased significantly, and words from English roots have proliferated. Japanese is an agglutinative , mora -timed language with relatively simple phonotactics , a pure vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length, and a lexically significant pitch-accent . Word order is normally subject–object–verb with particles marking the grammatical function of words, and sentence structure
5016-609: The genitive particle ga remains in intentionally archaic speech. Early Middle Japanese is the Japanese of the Heian period , from 794 to 1185. It formed the basis for the literary standard of Classical Japanese , which remained in common use until the early 20th century. During this time, Japanese underwent numerous phonological developments, in many cases instigated by an influx of Chinese loanwords . These included phonemic length distinction for both consonants and vowels , palatal consonants (e.g. kya ) and labial consonant clusters (e.g. kwa ), and closed syllables . This had
5104-430: The language, affecting the phonology of Early Middle Japanese . Late Middle Japanese (1185–1600) saw extensive grammatical changes and the first appearance of European loanwords . The basis of the standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo region (modern Tokyo ) in the Early Modern Japanese period (early 17th century–mid 19th century). Following the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853,
5192-458: The languages of the original Jōmon inhabitants, including the ancestor of the modern Ainu language . Because writing had yet to be introduced from China, there is no direct evidence, and anything that can be discerned about this period must be based on internal reconstruction from Old Japanese , or comparison with the Ryukyuan languages and Japanese dialects . The Chinese writing system
5280-449: The languages. Okinawan Japanese is a variant of Standard Japanese influenced by the Ryūkyūan languages, and is the primary dialect spoken among young people in the Ryukyu Islands . Modern Japanese has become prevalent nationwide (including the Ryūkyū islands) due to education , mass media , and an increase in mobility within Japan, as well as economic integration. Japanese is a member of
5368-427: The large quantity of English loanwords, modern Japanese has developed a distinction between [tɕi] and [ti] , and [dʑi] and [di] , with the latter in each pair only found in loanwords. Although Japanese is spoken almost exclusively in Japan, it has also been spoken outside of the country. Before and during World War II , through Japanese annexation of Taiwan and Korea , as well as partial occupation of China ,
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#17327902563655456-425: The only strict rule of word order is that the verb must be placed at the end of a sentence (possibly followed by sentence-end particles). This is because Japanese sentence elements are marked with particles that identify their grammatical functions. The basic sentence structure is topic–comment . For example, Kochira wa Tanaka-san desu ( こちらは田中さんです ). kochira ("this") is the topic of the sentence, indicated by
5544-470: The out-group gives a benefit to the in-group, and "up" to indicate the in-group gives a benefit to the out-group. Here, the in-group includes the speaker and the out-group does not, and their boundary depends on context. For example, oshiete moratta ( 教えてもらった ) (literally, "explaining got" with a benefit from the out-group to the in-group) means "[he/she/they] explained [it] to [me/us]". Similarly, oshiete ageta ( 教えてあげた ) (literally, "explaining gave" with
5632-415: The particle wa . The verb desu is a copula , commonly translated as "to be" or "it is" (though there are other verbs that can be translated as "to be"), though technically it holds no meaning and is used to give a sentence 'politeness'. As a phrase, Tanaka-san desu is the comment. This sentence literally translates to "As for this person, (it) is Mx Tanaka." Thus Japanese, like many other Asian languages,
5720-481: The proposed larger Altaic family, or to various Southeast Asian languages , especially Austronesian . None of these proposals have gained wide acceptance (and the Altaic family itself is now considered controversial). As it stands, only the link to Ryukyuan has wide support. Other theories view the Japanese language as an early creole language formed through inputs from at least two distinct language groups, or as
5808-464: The response to "Cube" likely inspired this decision. On his Instagram , audio mixer Shojiro Watanabe posted that the drums on "Life" were recorded in the style of Glyn Johns ; Hoshino told Billboard Japan that this production was the most energetic that he had seen Watanabe throughout their ten plus years of collaboration. "Life" is three minutes and eleven seconds long. Hoshino is credited with songwriting, vocals, and upright piano . He co-arranged
5896-531: The role of tabi craftsman Shinsaku Kurosaka, was arrested in Tokyo due to his admission of drug use. This came after authorities searched his home in Setagaya Ward and tested him positive for cocaine use from a urine sample. He was eventually replaced by Hiroki Miyake in the series. The first 13 episodes and 11 succeeding episodes of Idaten were released in separate Blu-ray box sets in Japan on April 24, 2020. DVD edition box sets were also released on
5984-459: The same structure as affirmative sentences, but with intonation rising at the end. In the formal register, the question particle -ka is added. For example, ii desu ( いいです ) "It is OK" becomes ii desu-ka ( いいですか。 ) "Is it OK?". In a more informal tone sometimes the particle -no ( の ) is added instead to show a personal interest of the speaker: Dōshite konai-no? "Why aren't (you) coming?". Some simple queries are formed simply by mentioning
6072-708: The scenes video was posted the same day as the main release. Standalone videos of Saitō and SoraKi's dance performances from the music video were uploaded to Hoshino's YouTube channel on August 29. In its first week of charting, "Life" moved 13,713 digital sales according to Billboard Japan , opening at peaks of No. 44 on Oricon 's Combined Singles Chart and No. 7 on the Billboard Japan Hot 100 . Oricon accounted 13,821 sales, moved up to 15,919 after its second and final appearance on their chart. "Life" secured first place on both Oricon's and Billboard 's digital-only charts, becoming Hoshino's sixth song to top
6160-571: The song through five television performances, including at the 74th NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen on New Year's. On December 27, 2023, "Life" was reissued as a double A-side with " Why ", the ending theme to the anime film Spy × Family Code: White (2023). The re-release peaked at No. 2 on the Oricon physical sales and combined sales charts, and on Billboard Japan 's Top Singles Sales ranking. Prior to "Life", Gen Hoshino had written songs for sports-related tie-ups, such as "Hello Song" (2016) for
6248-439: The speaker, the listener, and persons mentioned. The Japanese writing system combines Chinese characters , known as kanji ( 漢字 , ' Han characters') , with two unique syllabaries (or moraic scripts) derived by the Japanese from the more complex Chinese characters: hiragana ( ひらがな or 平仮名 , 'simple characters') and katakana ( カタカナ or 片仮名 , 'partial characters'). Latin script ( rōmaji ローマ字 )
6336-817: The state as at the time the constitution was written, many of the elders participating in the process had been educated in Japanese during the South Seas Mandate over the island shown by the 1958 census of the Trust Territory of the Pacific that found that 89% of Palauans born between 1914 and 1933 could speak and read Japanese, but as of the 2005 Palau census there were no residents of Angaur that spoke Japanese at home. Japanese dialects typically differ in terms of pitch accent , inflectional morphology , vocabulary , and particle usage. Some even differ in vowel and consonant inventories, although this
6424-481: The street. (grammatically incorrect insertion of a pronoun) But one can grammatically say essentially the same thing in Japanese: 驚いた彼は道を走っていった。 Transliteration: Odoroita kare wa michi o hashitte itta. (grammatically correct) This is partly because these words evolved from regular nouns, such as kimi "you" ( 君 "lord"), anata "you" ( あなた "that side, yonder"), and boku "I" ( 僕 "servant"). This
6512-488: The theme for TBS Television 's broadcast of the Athletics Championships for sixteen years; however, the 2023 event's close scheduling with the Asian Games prompoted the network to commission a new original theme song for their broadcast of both. They contacted Hoshino, who accepted; he told Billboard Japan that he was honored to have been asked during the rare circumstance of two events being held so close together. In
6600-500: The theming on "Life" was most similar to—if not almost the same as—"Continues", since both of these songs focus on the continuation of life after the end of a sports game. On "Life", Hoshino considered the cultural impact of sports in Japan and how it encourages Japanese people, and used knowledge from his portrayal of news commentator Kazushige Hirasawa on the Olympics historical TV-series Idaten (2019). Musically, Hoshino intended to incorporate inspiration from gospel music to create
6688-633: The topic with an interrogative intonation to call for the hearer's attention: Kore wa? "(What about) this?"; O-namae wa? ( お名前は？ ) "(What's your) name?". Negatives are formed by inflecting the verb. For example, Pan o taberu ( パンを食べる。 ) "I will eat bread" or "I eat bread" becomes Pan o tabenai ( パンを食べない。 ) "I will not eat bread" or "I do not eat bread". Plain negative forms are i -adjectives (see below) and inflect as such, e.g. Pan o tabenakatta ( パンを食べなかった。 ) "I did not eat bread". Idaten (TV series) Idaten: Tokyo Orinpikku-banashi ( いだてん〜東京オリムピック噺〜 , Idaten: The Epic Marathon to Tokyo)
6776-458: The track with Mabanua, who also collaborated on upright piano and provided electric bass . Satoru Takeshima is credited on alto sax and Shun Ishiwaka [ ja ] is credited with drums. In addition to the background vocals, Hoshino worked together with Nagaoka and Ua for the track's handclapping. "Life" has a fast-paced R&B sound with basis in gospel . Apple Music lists the song as alternative music and CDJournal categorized
6864-419: The two consonants are the moraic nasal followed by a homorganic consonant. Japanese also includes a pitch accent , which is not represented in moraic writing; for example [haꜜ.ɕi] ("chopsticks") and [ha.ɕiꜜ] ("bridge") are both spelled はし ( hashi ) , and are only differentiated by the tone contour. Japanese word order is classified as subject–object–verb . Unlike many Indo-European languages ,
6952-577: The two methods were both used in writing until the 1940s. Bungo still has some relevance for historians, literary scholars, and lawyers (many Japanese laws that survived World War II are still written in bungo , although there are ongoing efforts to modernize their language). Kōgo is the dominant method of both speaking and writing Japanese today, although bungo grammar and vocabulary are occasionally used in modern Japanese for effect. The 1982 state constitution of Angaur , Palau , names Japanese along with Palauan and English as an official language of
7040-480: The two terms (''hyōjungo'' and ''kyōtsūgo'') are almost the same. Hyōjungo or kyōtsūgo is a conception that forms the counterpart of dialect. This normative language was born after the Meiji Restoration ( 明治維新 , meiji ishin , 1868) from the language spoken in the higher-class areas of Tokyo (see Yamanote ). Hyōjungo is taught in schools and used on television and in official communications. It
7128-407: The verb (e.g. yonde for earlier yomite ), the -k- in the final mora of adjectives drops out ( shiroi for earlier shiroki ); and some forms exist where modern standard Japanese has retained the earlier form (e.g. hayaku > hayau > hayɔɔ , where modern Japanese just has hayaku , though the alternative form is preserved in the standard greeting o-hayō gozaimasu "good morning"; this ending
7216-449: The widest audience, he was encouraged by positive reactions from other musicians, specifically American artists James Poyser and DJ Jazzy Jeff , to whom he played the song during a trip to the US. The gospel-influenced sound of "Life" made Hoshino worry that the song would not be accepted by a Japanese audience, but ultimately decided keep it aligned with his own musical interests; he said that
7304-548: The world. Since Japanese first gained the consideration of linguists in the late 19th century, attempts have been made to show its genealogical relation to languages or language families such as Ainu , Korean , Chinese , Tibeto-Burman , Uralic , Altaic (or Ural-Altaic ), Austroasiatic , Austronesian and Dravidian . At the fringe, some linguists have even suggested a link to Indo-European languages , including Greek , or to Sumerian . Main modern theories try to link Japanese either to northern Asian languages, like Korean or
7392-539: Was based on 12- to 20-second-long recordings of 135 to 244 phonemes , which 42 students listened to and translated word-for-word. The listeners were all Keio University students who grew up in the Kanto region . There are some language islands in mountain villages or isolated islands such as Hachijō-jima island , whose dialects are descended from Eastern Old Japanese . Dialects of the Kansai region are spoken or known by many Japanese, and Osaka dialect in particular
7480-735: Was imported to Japan from Baekje around the start of the fifth century, alongside Buddhism. The earliest texts were written in Classical Chinese , although some of these were likely intended to be read as Japanese using the kanbun method, and show influences of Japanese grammar such as Japanese word order. The earliest text, the Kojiki , dates to the early eighth century, and was written entirely in Chinese characters, which are used to represent, at different times, Chinese, kanbun , and Old Japanese. As in other texts from this period,
7568-474: Was lost immediately following its composition.) This set of morae shrank to 67 in Early Middle Japanese , though some were added through Chinese influence. Man'yōgana also has a symbol for /je/ , which merges with /e/ before the end of the period. Several fossilizations of Old Japanese grammatical elements remain in the modern language – the genitive particle tsu (superseded by modern no )
7656-413: Was part of a race" / " 'Win!' 'Keep running!' they said"). In the chorus, the song adds the feeling of an athlete getting into zone and the exhilaration of the field ("My skin melds with the wind and melts away" / "Boundaries disappear"). The text is ended by a return to reality ("Without a doubt, you're here" / "And life goes on"). Imdkm ( Real Sound ) wrote that the lyrics combines the engage of sports with
7744-431: Was premiered to YouTube on August 14, at 0:00 JST , with Hoshino participating in the live chat. Filmed over the course of four days, the video is splitscreened to showcase various people living in the present to bring a "video overflowing life." Among those featured in the video are Hoshino and several of his band members, sprinter Yoshihide Kiryū , former Nogizaka46 member Asuka Saitō , and dancer THE D SoraKi. A behind
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