Government (35) PH (32)
69-527: BN (2) Independent ( 1 ) Opposition (21) PN (21) Speaker ( 1 ) The Selangor State Legislative Assembly ( Malay : Dewan Negeri Selangor ) is the unicameral state legislature of the Malaysian state of Selangor . The State Assembly is composed of 56 members representing single-member constituencies throughout the state. Elections are held no more than five years apart, and by Malaysian political convention, are conducted simultaneously with elections to
138-480: A Chinese-language university was turned down by the government. The third Malaysian general elections were held on 10 May 1969. MCA faced strong challenges from the new, mainly Chinese, opposition parties Democratic Action Party and Gerakan . Of the 33 parliamentary seats contested, MCA managed to retain only 13. MCA also lost control of the Penang State Government to Gerakan. The gain by
207-465: A challenge from the opposition Democratic Action Party which taunted the MCA's leadership for not daring to contest a seat with large urban Chinese majority, and contested the parliamentary seat for Seremban against the incumbent DAP Chairman Chen Man Hin. Lee won his challenge, and led his party to a resounding victory, winning 24 out of 28 allocated parliamentary seats and 55 out of 62 state seats. After
276-528: A combined period of rule of almost 61 years from 1957 to 2018, and was considered the longest ruling coalition party in the democratic world . The Barisan Nasional coalition lost its hold of the parliament to PH for the first time in Malaysian history after the 2018 general election . It was also the first time Barisan Nasional became the opposition coalition, with former prime minister and Barisan Nasional chairman Mahathir Mohamad becoming PH's leader. As
345-497: A comment by the then Deputy Prime Minister Dr Ismail that if MCA continue to lose support, UMNO may stop co-operating with it. To regain Chinese support, Tan attempted to broaden the appeal of the party previously seen as a party of the taukeh ( tou jia , rich men), and invited professionals to join the party. However, many of these were later expelled after a dispute involving Lim Keng Yaik who then joined Gerakan. With
414-1051: A landslide victory in the 2022 Johor state election , allowing it to form the much more stable Johor state government with a two-thirds majority in the Johor State Legislative Assembly , which is 40 out of 56 seats while defeating Pakatan Harapan with 12 seats, Perikatan Nasional with 3 seats and Malaysian United Democratic Alliance with 1 seat. In the 2022 election , BN faced the worst result in its history, winning 30 out of 222 seats, compared to 82 and 74 seats for Pakatan Harapan and Perikatan Nasional respectively. Several key figures including Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah , Mahdzir Khalid , Azeez Rahim , Tengku Zafrul Aziz , and Khairy Jamaluddin , lost to either PN or PH candidates in their own constituencies. BN also lost several state elections held in Pahang and Perak and won no seats in Perlis . Ahmad Zahid Hamidi ,
483-602: A minister at the expense of Chan, causing discontent with members aligned to Lim, which became known as "Team B" among party members. The Ling faction was known as "Team A". Tensions flared further after MCA, through its holding company Huaren, moved to acquire the independent daily Nanyang Siang Pau . This was vehemently opposed by Team B, fearing a complete control of the Chinese media by Team A. They were joined by Chinese journalists and non-governmental organisations, who made their opposition public through demonstrations. The situation turned farcical when chairs were thrown during
552-536: A new state-based pact GPS ), myPPP (under Kayveas faction) and Gerakan . myPPP experienced a leadership dispute, with Maglin announcing that the party remained within the coalition and Kayveas announcing that the party had left the coalition, resulting in the dissolution of the party on 14 January 2019. Among the remaining four component parties in Barisan National, UMNO's parliamentary seats have reduced from 54 to 38 since 16 members of parliament left
621-568: A prominent Johor member, was involved in a sex scandal. DVDs of Chua having sex with a woman were circulated in Johor, prompting Chua to resign all his political positions, including as Member of Parliament. Chua suggested that his political enemies within the party who might have felt threatened by him for plotting his downfall. In the March 2008 general elections , MCA fared badly, winning only 15 parliamentary seats and 32 state seats, less than half
690-633: A result, the Sabah and Sarawak BN component parties left the coalition and formed their own coalitions in 2018 and 2022. In the aftermath of the 2020 Malaysian political crisis , together with four other parties, the Barisan Nasional coalition returned to power under a Perikatan Nasional -led government. However, it suffered its worst result in the 2022 election , falling to third behind Pakatan Harapan and Perikatan Nasional, but it stayed in government by supporting Pakatan Harapan . Barisan Nasional
759-525: A significant influence over the political arena in Malaysia since its independence. Through its holding of companies such as Huaren Holdings, MCA controls The Star , which is Malaysia's best-selling English newspaper. The party was once the largest party representing the Chinese community in Malaysia , and was particularly dominant in the early period until the late 1960s. Its fortunes fluctuated after
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#1732773238176828-519: A two-thirds supermajority in Parliament since 1969. Five state governments, namely Selangor , Kelantan , Penang , Perak and Kedah fell to Pakatan Rakyat . Perak however was later returned via a court ruling following a constitutional crisis . Since 2008, the coalition has seen its non-Malay component parties greatly diminished in the peninsula. The losses continued in the 2013 general election , and it recorded its worst election result at
897-424: A united front, easily quashing the challenge by vice-president Chua Jui Meng (for president) and secretary-general Ting Chew Peh (for deputy president). The Ong-Chan leadership continued the soft approach to protecting the Chinese community's interests, although tension with UMNO over racial issues flared up now and again after the 2004 election. In early 2008, vice-president and Health Minister Chua Soi Lek ,
966-781: Is a political coalition of Malaysia that was founded in 1974 as a coalition of centre-right and right-wing political parties to succeed the Alliance Party . It is the third largest political coalition with 30 seats in the Dewan Rakyat after Pakatan Harapan (PH) with 82 seats and Perikatan Nasional (PN) with 74 seats. The coalition consists of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), and United Sabah People's Party (PBRS). The Barisan Nasional coalition employs
1035-671: Is ceremonially appointed by the Sultan of Selangor on the basis that he is able to command a majority in the Assembly. The Menteri Besar then appoints members of the State EXCO drawing from members of the Assembly. The Speaker also chairs the Select Committee on Competency, Accountability and Transparency (Selcat), a six-member panel consisting of state assemblymen which holds public hearings to investigate state issues. Selcat
1104-597: Is mostly indirect through one of the constituent parties while direct membership is allowed. The BN defines itself as a " confederation of political parties which subscribe to the objects of the Barisan Nasional". Although in elections, all candidates stand under the BN symbol, and there is a BN manifesto, each individual constituent party also issues its own manifesto, and there is intra-coalition competition for seats prior to nomination day. *denotes defunct parties Barisan Nasional Supreme Council: Barisan Nasional has 30 MPs in
1173-480: Is the direct successor to the three-party Alliance coalition formed by United Malays National Organisation , Malaysian Chinese Association , and Malaysian Indian Congress . It was founded in the aftermath of the 1969 general election and the 13 May riots . The Alliance Party lost ground in the 1969 election to the opposition parties, in particular the two newly formed parties, Democratic Action Party and Gerakan , as well as Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party . Although
1242-546: Is to unite the Malay Muslim communities for electoral purposes. There was however no formal agreement with the other parties of Barisan Nasional, although there were calls for Barisan Nasional to migrate to Muafakat Nasional. Barisan Nasional continued to function as a coalition of four parties comprising UMNO, MCA, MIC and PBRS but aligned themselves with Perikatan Nasional to form a new government in March 2020 after
1311-516: The 1978 general election convincingly, and it continued to dominate Malaysian politics in the 1980s and 1990s despite some losses in state elections, such as the loss of Kelantan to PAS, and Sabah to United Sabah Party which later joined Barisan Nasional. By 2003, Barisan Nasional had grown to a coalition formed of more than a dozen communal parties. It performed particularly well in the 2004 general election , winning 198 out of 219 seats. Although Barisan Nasional never achieved more than 67% of
1380-558: The 1995 general election , winning 30 of the 34 allocated parliamentary seats and 71 of the 77 state seats, and secured a majority of Chinese votes at the expense of DAP. MCA also performed well in the 1999 general elections , and the successive electoral victory boosted the party's standing within the Barisan Nasional coalition as well as Ling's personal relationship with BN leader and prime minister Mahathir Mohamad . However, internal power struggles persisted. In 1993 Ling's deputy Lee Kim Sai indicated that he would challenge Ling for
1449-646: The Gagasan Sejahtera . Barisan Nasional was only in power in three states; namely Perlis , Pahang and Sarawak . Many of BN's component parties left the coalition following its humiliating defeat at the 2018 general election, reducing its number to 4 compared to 13 before the election. These parties either aligned themselves with the new Pakatan Harapan federal government, formed a new state-based pact or remained independent. They include three Sabah-based parties ( UPKO , PBS and LDP ), four Sarawak-based parties ( PBB , SUPP , PRS and PDP , which formed
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#17327732381761518-590: The House of Representatives , with 26 MPs (or 92.5%) of them from UMNO. Constituency Constituency Barisan Nasional also forms the state governments of Negeri Sembilan , Penang and Selangor in coalition with Pakatan Harapan , following the formation of the federal unity government (Kerajaan Perpaduan) in the aftermath of the 15th general election of November 2022. Malaysian Chinese Association The Malaysian Chinese Association ( abbrev : MCA ; Malay : Persatuan Cina Malaysia ), fomerly known as
1587-768: The Malayan Chinese Association, is an ethnic political party in Malaysia that seeks to represent the Malaysian Chinese ethnicity; it was one of the three original major component parties of the coalition party in Malaysia called the Alliance Party , which later became a broader coalition called Barisan Nasional in Malay, or National Front in English. Along with the largest and third largest component party in BN, i.e. United Malays National Organisation and Malaysian Indian Congress , MCA has
1656-573: The Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) from Pahang MCA for allegedly linked to the 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) fund scandal, has been forfeited to the Malaysian government. Incumbent leadership of MCA was elected by general assembly delegates in the 2023 Malaysian Chinese Association leadership election. Central Committee Members: Nationalism (Mínzú) Democracy (Mínquán) Socialism (Mínshēng) MCA currently has two MPs in
1725-549: The Malaysian Chinese Association and Malaysian Indian Congress have played major roles in Barisan Nasional, but their representation in Parliament and state legislatures has become much more diminished. Nevertheless, each component party purports to represent – and limit membership – to a certain race: UMNO for the Malays, MCA for the Chinese and so on. In the view of some scholars: Since its inception
1794-617: The Perikatan Nasional coalition after the collapse of the Pakatan Harapan government. In the 2022 election , the Pakatan Harapan won the most seats but not the majority, and returned to government with the support of Barisan Nasional. MCA won two seats, however, it was not given any government cabinet posts and it stayed as a backbencher of the government. On 8 July 2020, a sum of RM835,258.19 seized by
1863-627: The federal parliament and other state assemblies (except Sabah and Sarawak ). It convenes at the Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Building in the capital Shah Alam . Since 2008, Assembly proceedings have been broadcast live on the internet. As the state's legislative body, the Selangor State Legislative Assembly's main function is to enact laws that apply to Selangor, known as enactments . The Speaker presides over
1932-505: The general election , Tan Siew Sin resigned all of his party and government posts for health reasons. Lee San Choon took over as Acting President following Tan's resignation, and was then elected president in 1975. After Tan's resignation, the cabinet posts allocated to MCA declined in importance, and MCA lost both the Finance Ministry and Trade and Industry Ministry posts it once held in 1957. The party performed better in
2001-525: The 1974 election, but lost ground again in the following 1978 general election , with the MCA winning only 17 of the 28 parliamentary seats and 44 of the 60 state seats. In 1979, Michael Chen stood against Lee San Choon for the MCA Presidency but lost, and later in 1981 led a group of MCA dissidents to join Gerakan. The 1982 general election however saw a shift in fortune for MCA. Lee accepted
2070-554: The 2001 Youth general assembly over the issue. Huaren eventually succeeded in taking over Nanyang Siang Pau . Huaren also controls The Star and China Press , and the domination of media press resulted in strong resentments in the divided party and concerns over press freedom. Mahathir, as BN leader, eventually stepped in to resolve the conflict, suggesting a "peace plan" among the factions. The scheduled 2002 party elections were cancelled, while Ling and Lim stepped down to be replaced by their respective protégés. In May 2003,
2139-551: The Alliance remained a coalition of communal parties. Each of the component parties operated to all intents and purposes, save that of elections, as a separate party. Their membership was communal, except perhaps Gerakan, and their success was measured in terms of their ability to achieve the essentially parochial demands of their constituents. Although both the Alliance and BN registered themselves as political parties, membership
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2208-768: The Alliance won a majority of seats, it gained less than half the popular vote, and the resulting tension between different communities led to the May 13 riots and the declaration of a state of emergency. After the Malaysian Parliament reconvened in 1971, negotiations to form a new alliance began with parties such as Gerakan and People's Progressive Party , both of which joined the Alliance in 1972, quickly followed by Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) in 1973. The Barisan Nasional, which included regional parties from Sabah and Sarawak (Sabah Alliance Party, Sarawak United Peoples' Party , Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu ),
2277-631: The Assembly's proceedings, and works to maintain order during debates. The present Speaker is Lau Weng San of the Democratic Action Party (DAP) and the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition. The state government's executive branch (known as the Selangor State Executive Council (EXCO), or Majlis Mesyuarat Kerajaan Negeri ), including the Menteri Besar , are drawn from the Assembly. The Menteri Besar
2346-615: The MCA at the time of its founding was to manage the specific social and welfare concerns of the populations interned in the so-called New Villages created under the Briggs Plan in response to the Malayan Emergency . The declaration that announced the MCA as a formal political party in 1951 was written by a prominent Straits Chinese businessman, Tan Cheng Lock , its first president. In general, its early members were landowners, businessmen, or otherwise better off, while
2415-505: The alliance won 51 of the 52 seat contested. MCA won all 15 of the seats allocated. Tan Cheng Lock was succeeded by Lim Chong Eu after a successful challenge by Lim for the presidency in 1958. Lim attempted to amend the party's Constitution to consolidate the power of the Central Committee, and although amendment was passed narrowly, it also split the party. Prior to the 1959 General Election , Lim pressed for an increase of
2484-419: The allocated number of seats from 28 to 40, but this was refused by UMNO leader Tunku Abdul Rahman . Lim was forced to back down and later resigned as president, with Cheah Toon Lock taking over as acting president. Other members also resigned from MCA to contest the election as independent candidates, which cost the party some seats. The party only won 19 of the 31 seats eventually allocated. Lim himself left
2553-576: The assets of up to 35 DTCs. The total loss was estimated to be RM3.6 billion, and depositors could only recover 62% of their deposits. Koon Swan was succeeded by his deputy Ling Liong Sik in 1986. He assumed the presidency when the party was still rife with factionalism and faced disillusionment with the Chinese community over the Deposit-Taking Cooperatives scandal. Ling spent his early years as president working to resolve MCA's financial problems, raising funds while restructuring
2622-549: The collapse of the Pakatan Harapan government. Barisan Nasional form a new government on 15 August 2021 with Perikatan Nasional after the collapse of the Perikatan Nasional government. Barisan Nasional also recovered control of the Johor, Malacca and Perak state governments. On 20 November 2021, Barisan Nasional won a two-thirds majority of 21 out of 28 seats in the Malacca State Legislative Assembly . On 12 March 2022, Barisan gained
2691-569: The country, taken together with its predecessor (Alliance), and this paved the way for the first change of government in Malaysian history. The coalition won only 34% of the popular vote amid vote split of Islamic Party . In addition to their failure in regaining the Penang, Selangor and Kelantan state governments, six state governments, namely Johor , Malacca , Negeri Sembilan , Perak , Kedah and Sabah fell to Pakatan Harapan and WARISAN (Sabah). The Terengganu state government also fell but to
2760-475: The elder brother of Ka Ting. Ong Tee Keat won the presidency comfortably, while Chua edged out Ka Chuan. Following his victory, Tee Keat pledged reform and reaching out to more young voters to revive the party. After the 2008 leadership change, factional infighting continued and the relationship between the Ong Tee Keat and Chua Soi Lek remained tense. Chua was sidelined by Ong from taking an active role in
2829-517: The establishment of other political parties in the 1960s that challenged it for the Chinese votes, although it still enjoyed strong support in the mid-1990s to mid-2000s period. However, it has performed poorly in elections since 2008, with the Malaysian Chinese community mostly voting for the Democratic Action Party and People's Justice Party , and in the 2018 Malaysian general election , it lost all but one of its parliamentary seats and
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2898-477: The general election. Chua did not enter the following party poll for president, and in December 2013, Liow Tiong Lai was elected the president of MCA. Liow also reversed the resolution not to serve in the government and re-entered the cabinet. In the 2018 election , MCA suffered its worst ever defeat, as it has lost all state seats it has contested, and only managed to retain one elected representative in
2967-484: The general election. MCA and MIC made a statement in March 2019 that they want to "move on" and find a new alliance following disputes with the secretary-general, Nazri Abdul Aziz . Mohamad Hasan, the acting BN chairman, chaired a Supreme Council meeting in which all parties showed no consensus on dissolving the coalition. In January 2019, all Sabah UMNO branches including Sabah BN branches were dissolved and officially closed, leaving only one BN branch open. This brings
3036-633: The leader of the Radical Party and joined the MCA in 1952, was a colonel (medical) doctor in the Kuomintang. In 1952, MCA joined force with United Malays National Organisation on a local level to contest the Kuala Lumpur municipal elections which would lead to the formation of the Alliance Party . The alliance was joined by Malaysian Indian Congress in 1954 and they contested the first Malayan General Election in 1955 as one body, and
3105-433: The leadership transition occurred as planned. Ong Ka Ting, who was then a vice-president succeeded Ling Liong Sik as president, while Chan Kong Choy succeeded Lim Ah Lek as deputy president. The Ong-led MCA contributed to Barisan Nasional 's overwhelming victory in the 2004 general elections . MCA won 31 of the 40 parliamentary seats and 76 of the 90 state seats allocated. During the 2005 party elections, Teams A and B ran on
3174-471: The loss of support for MCA in the 1969 election, and the enlargement of the Alliance party in 1972 (which later became Barisan Nasional ) to include Gerakan, UMNO became even more dominant and MCA suffered a loss of status within the coalition. In 1973, Tan Siew Sin requested a position as Deputy Prime Minister in the cabinet reshuffle following the death of Tun Dr. Ismail , but this was refused by Tun Abdul Razak , which angered Tan. On 8 April 1974, prior to
3243-411: The losses of the governing coalition. MCA's poor performance in the two elections, along with continued factionalism, raised concerns over the party's relevance in the Malaysian political arena. Also as a result of its poor performance, there was no MCA representation in the cabinet for the first time since independence due to a resolution that MCA would not accept cabinet posts if it performed badly in
3312-487: The national parliament - Wee Ka Siong , who represents Ayer Hitam constituency in Johor. MCA, as part of the Barisan Nasional coalition, was also relegated to the opposition for the first time since independence. Wee Ka Siong was elected president on 4 November 2018 while Liow decided not to stand for party polls after his defeat. MCA later regained a seat in the 2019 Tanjung Piai by-election . In March 2020, MCA returned to power as part of Barisan Nasional aligned to
3381-460: The number of seats they won in the previous election. Ong decided not to contest the presidency during the party elections later that year, to allow a new leader to take over. The October 2008 party election marked a realignment of the party's factions, with the return of Chua Soi Lek to the fold. Ong Ka Ting's anointed successor was vice-president Ong Tee Keat . Meanwhile, Chua entered the race for deputy president, facing among others, Ong Ka Chuan ,
3450-496: The opposition parties led to tension between different communities which erupted into the May 13 Riots . Prior to the riots, on 12 May 1969, Tan Siew Sin announced that the party would withdraw from the Alliance, but reconsidered on 20 May and joined the National Operations Council formed in place of the suspended Parliament after the riots. The loss of support for MCA among the Chinese population elicited
3519-403: The party in December 1960, later becoming one of the founding members of the opposition Gerakan in 1968. In 1961 Tan Siew Sin , son of Tan Cheng Lock and favoured by Tunku, became MCA's third President. Tan led the party to a firm victory in the 1964 General Election , winning 27 of the 33 parliamentary seats contested. In 1969, Tan established Tunku Abdul Rahman College after a proposal for
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#17327732381763588-561: The party president, was re-elected with a slim majority of 348, high decrease from 2018 Malaysian general election which he won with majority of 5073 votes. The election produced a hung parliament , but BN decided to support the biggest coalition Pakatan Harapan and was rewarded with cabinet posts in the government. In 2013, the vast majority of Barisan Nasional's seats were held by its two largest Bumiputera -based political parties—the United Malays National Organisation , and Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu . For most of its history, both
3657-404: The party to non-Chinese. MCA's electoral performance meanwhile continued to deteriorate, as in the 2013 General Election , MCA only managed to score only 7 of the 37 parliamentary seats and 11 of the 90 state seats it contested, leading to calls for Chua's resignation. The so-called "Chinese tsunami" where the great majority of Chinese votes went to the opposition was blamed by Najib Razak for
3726-514: The party's assets. Ling presided over a period of relative peace within the party, and worked to maintain the interests of the Chinese community through a closed-door approach within the government. He expanded the MCA-owned Tunku Abdul Rahman College through fund-raising and government contributions, and in 2001 set up Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman . Ling led MCA to its best electoral performance thus far in
3795-515: The party's leadership, and he was also excluded from government posts. He was then sacked by MCA in August 2009 for damaging the party's image with his sex scandal more than a year prior. In response, Chua's supporters forced an extraordinary general meeting which passed a vote of no confidence against incumbent president Ong and annulled the expulsion of Chua. The EGM, however, failed to reinstate Chua as deputy president. Ong refused to resign despite
3864-576: The party, while MCA's parliamentary seat maintains one. MIC's parliamentary seats have reduced from two to one after the Election Court nullified the results of the election for the Cameron Highlands federal constituency due to bribery, but BN regained its seat from a direct member under the 2019 by-election . As a result of these developments, BN's parliamentary seats have reduced to 41, compared with 79 seats that BN won in
3933-449: The popular vote in elections from 1974 to 2008, it maintained the consecutive two-thirds majority of seats in this period in the Dewan Rakyat until the 2008 election, benefitting from Malaysia's first-past-the-post voting system . In the 2008 general election , Barisan Nasional lost more than one-third of the parliamentary seats to Pakatan Rakyat , a loose alliance of opposition parties. This marked Barisan's first failure to secure
4002-482: The presidency, but withdrew at the eleventh hour. Lee eventually retired in 1996 and was replaced as deputy president by Lim Ah Lek . In 1999, the party was again wracked by factionalism. Deputy president Lim Ah Lek announced his intention to retire as a minister and agreed with Ling to nominate his protégé Chan Kong Choy to the Cabinet after the 1999 elections. However, Ling nominated his own protégé Ong Ka Ting as
4071-467: The resignations of Liow's supporters in the CC, more than two-thirds of the CC had vacated their seats, paving the way for an election per the party constitution. The subsequent election saw Chua defeating incumbent Ong Tee Keat and former leader Ong Ka Ting in the race for president, while Liow defeated Kong Cho Ha in the contest for deputy president. Chua and his deputy Liow pledged to co-operate, and opened
4140-538: The same inter-communal governing model of its predecessor the Alliance Party but on a wider scale, with up to 14 communal political parties involved in the coalition at one point. It dominated Malaysian politics for over thirty years after it was founded; however, since 2008, the party has faced stronger challenges from opposition parties, notably the Pakatan Rakyat and later the Pakatan Harapan (PH) alliances. Taken together with its predecessor Alliance, it had
4209-405: The success in the election and at the height of his career, Lee San Choon unexpectedly resigned his presidency and cabinet post for unspecified reason in 1983. Neo Yee Pan then led as Acting President until 1985. In 1985, Tan Koon Swan , who was sacked from the party a year earlier, won the presidential election with the largest majority in the party's history. However, in the following year, he
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#17327732381764278-475: The time. BN regained Kedah but lost several more seats in Parliament along with the popular vote to Pakatan. Despite winning only 47% of the popular vote, it managed to gain 60% of the 222 parliamentary seats, thereby retaining control of the parliament. And finally, during the 2018 general election , Barisan Nasional lost control of the parliament to Pakatan Harapan , winning a total of only 79 parliamentary seats. The crushing defeat ended their 61-year rule of
4347-577: The total BN seats in Sabah to only 2 seats. Since 2019, Barisan Nasional recovered some ground and won a number of by-elections, such as the 2019 Cameron Highlands by-election , 2019 Semenyih by-election , 2019 Rantau by-election , and 2019 Tanjung Piai by-election , defeating Pakatan Harapan. In September 2019, UMNO decided to form a pact with the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) called Muafakat Nasional . Its main purpose
4416-412: The vote of no confidence, but pledged with Chua to set aside their differences under the "greater unity plan." However, this was opposed by vice-president Liow Tiong Lai who demanded Ong step down and that new elections be held. This set in motion a new leadership crisis, which lasted almost six months. Finally in March 2010, Chua, along with his supporters in the central committee resigned. Along with
4485-606: The working classes in the New Villages overwhelmingly joined the Socialist Front instead. Many prominent members of the MCA were also Kuomintang members opposed to the Malayan Communist Party . Leong Yew Koh , was a KMT major general who became a cabinet minister and later became governor of Malacca ; Malaysia's first minister of finance, Henry H.S. Lee , was a KMT colonel; and Lim Chong Eu ,
4554-594: Was charged with abetting criminal breach of trust relating to his private business dealings in Singapore, and resigned from the presidency. Koon Swan also originated the Deposit-Taking Cooperatives , which sought to accumulate capital for Chinese Malaysians through investments. The mismanagement of the DTCs' funds led to a scandal, with the central bank, Bank Negara Malaysia , stepping in to freeze
4623-555: Was formally registered in June 1974 as a coalition of nine parties. It contested the 1974 general election as a grand coalition under the leadership of the prime minister Tun Abdul Razak , which it won with considerable success. In 1977, PAS was expelled from Barisan Nasional following a revolt by PAS within the Kelantan state legislature against the chief minister appointed by the federal government. Barisan Nasional nevertheless won
4692-1008: Was formed when Pakatan Rakyat came to power after the 2008 election. The following is the Speaker of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly Roll of Honour, since 1959: The 2023 Selangor state election witnessed 34 governmental seats and 22 non-governmental seats fill the Selangor State Legislative Assembly. The government side has 16 safe seats and 8 fairly safe seats, while the non-government side has 6 fairly safe seats. began Barisan Nasional (1973–1974) Hormat I (1976–1978) Abu Hassan I (1997–1999) Mohamed Khir I (2000–2004) Azmin I (2014–2018) Malaysian Islamic Party (2014) Pakatan Rakyat (2014–2015) Pakatan Harapan & Malaysian Islamic Party (2015–2018) Barisan Nasional [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Race and politics The National Front , officially Barisan Nasional ( BN ),
4761-419: Was relegated to the opposition. It returned to power in March 2020 as part of the alliance with Perikatan Nasional . After the 2022 election , the party joined the government as a backbencher with Barisan Nasional supporting Pakatan Harapan . The Malayan Chinese Association was formed on 27 February 1949 with the implicit support by the post-World War II British colonial administration. A central purpose of
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