The Selkup ( Russian : селькупы , romanized : sel'kupy ) are a Samoyedic speaking Uralic ethnic group native to Siberia . They live in the northern parts of Tomsk Oblast , Krasnoyarsk Krai and Tyumen Oblast (with Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ). Selkups from 1850s until the 1930s exclusively in the scientific literature were called Ostyak - Samoyeds ( остяко-самоеды, ostyako-samoyedy ). This ethnonym has never been widely used.
12-749: Selkups speak the Selkup language , which belongs to the Samoyedic languages of the Uralic language family . The Selkups originated in the middle basin of the Ob River , from interactions between the aboriginal Yeniseian population and Samoyedic peoples that came to the region from the Sayan Mountains during the early part of the first millennium CE. In the 13th century, the Selkups came under
24-647: A basin estimated at 150,000 square kilometers (58,000 sq mi). Its middle and lower course are located within Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug , while its upper course borders with Krasnoyarsk Krai . The now ruined city of Mangazeya was located by the Taz. The Taz begins near Lake Dynda , Siberian Uvaly , a hilly area of the West Siberian Plain . It flows roughly northwestwards across largely uninhabited areas. Its mouth
36-747: A severe decline. The Selkups have been facing cultural extinction and assimilation from Russian culture. They also suffer from racial discrimination, unemployment and alcoholism. According to a recent genetic study, subclade Q1a2a1-L54 was mainly found in Yeniseian (Ket) and Samoyedic (Enets and Selkup) speakers. Genetic evidence showed that Yeniseian and Samoyedic speakers had genetic affinities to northern Altaians with high frequencies of haplogroup Q-M242 (xL54), while southern Altaians had many L54 samples and showed similarities with Turkic-speaking populations (Dulik et al. 2012b; Battaglia et al. 2013; Flegontov et al. 2016). However, Yeniseian and Samoyedic samples in
48-600: Is a native speaker of the Selkup language (Ukrainian Census 2001). The main Selkup settlements in Siberia are Krasnoselkup and Kargasok . The Selkups traditionally engaged in hunting, fishing, and reindeer herding as subsistence. The Selkups also utilized dugout canoes to sail on rivers. In 1911-1912 and 1914, the expeditions of the Finnish linguist and ethnographer Kai Reinhold Donner (1888-1935) were engaged in studying
60-805: Is in the Taz Estuary , a roughly 250-kilometer (160 mi) long estuary that begins in the area of the settlement of Tazovsky and ends in the Gulf of Ob . A portage connects the Taz with the Turukhan and the Yenisey . There are numerous lakes in its basin, such as the Chyortovo . Its major tributaries include the Bolshaya Shirta and Khudosey from the right and the Tolka and Chaselka from
72-426: Is marginally phonemic. Generally the rightmost long vowel in a word is stressed, or otherwise the first syllable, but certain suffixes with short vowels may acquire stress, leading to minimal pairs such as [ˈtɕɛlʲtɕalqo] 'to stamp down' vs. [tɕɛlʲˈtɕalqo] 'to stamp once'. Taz River The Taz ( Russian : Таз ) is a river located in western Siberia , has a length of 1,401 kilometers (871 mi) and drains
84-528: The Russian селькуп , based on the native name used in the Taz dialect, шӧльӄумыт әты ( šöľqumyt əty lit. ' forest-man language ' ). Different dialects use different names. Selkup is fractured in an extensive dialect continuum whose ends are no longer mutually intelligible . The three main varieties are the Taz (Northern) dialect ( тазовский диалект , tazovsky dialekt ), which became
96-536: The area in the 18th century led to the Russians hunting down the reindeers of the Selkups which made breeding reindeer much more difficult. During the same period, the Russians attempted to Russify and Christianize the Selkups. However, many retained some of their ancient religious beliefs and customs. During the Soviet period, the Selkups were forced to adopt a settled lifestyle and their traditional culture witnessed
108-656: The basis of the Selkup written language in the 1930s, Tym (Central) dialect ( тымский диалект , tymsky dialekt ), and Ket dialect ( кетский диалект , ketsky dialekt ). It is not related to the Ket language . There are 25 vowel and 16 consonant phonemes in the Taz dialect. Selkup has a syllable structure (C)V(C). Word-initial /ŋ/ and word-final /tʲ/ or /w/ do not occur. Various consonant clusters and geminate consonants such as /nt/, /rm/, /ʃʲʃʲ/ may occur, though many potential combinations occurring morphologically are simplified. Stress in Selkup
120-590: The language, folklore, everyday culture and the traditional way of life of the Selkups. Another famous Selkupologist was Eugene Helimski . Selkup language Selkup is the language of the Selkups , belonging to the Samoyedic group of the Uralic language family . It is spoken by some 1,570 people (1994 est.) in the region between the Ob and Yenisei Rivers (in Siberia ). The language name Selkup comes from
132-574: The latest study belonged to L54, which was different from the results of previous studies (xL54). In view of the time estimates the researchers postulated that Q1a2a1-L54 had migrated from the southern Altai region and was assimilated into Yeniseian and Samoyedic speaking populations during a recent historical period. According to the 2002 Census , there were 4,249 Selkups in Russia (4,300 in 1970). There were 62 Selkups in Ukraine , only one of whom
SECTION 10
#1732775516522144-524: The sway of the Mongols. Around 1628, the Russians conquered the area and the Selkups were subjugated. The Selkups joined an uprising against Russian rule but were gunned down and defeated. In the 17th century, some of the Selkups relocated up north to live along the Taz River and Turukhan River . They were engaged mainly in hunting , fishing , and reindeer breeding. The arrival of Russian settlers to
#521478