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21-590: The Ladon rises on the western slope of the Aroania mountain, near the village Kastriá , Kleitoria municipal unit, Achaea . It flows south, receives its left tributary Aroanios , flows along Kleitoria and turns southwest near the Arcadian border. It flows through the artificial Ladon Lake , and turns south again near Dimitra . It flows into the Alfeios 3 km southeast of the village Tripotamia . It joins

42-564: A means to evaluate soil fertility and vigour of the trees. The bark of most pines is thick and scaly, but some species have thin, flaky bark. The branches are produced in "pseudo whorls", actually a very tight spiral but appearing like a ring of branches arising from the same point. Many pines are uninodal, producing just one such whorl of branches each year, from buds at the tip of the year's new shoot , but others are multinodal, producing two or more whorls of branches per year. Pines have four types of leaf : Pines are monoecious , having

63-588: Is a mountain in Achaea , Peloponnese , Greece . At 2,355 m elevation, Aroania is the third highest mountain of the Peloponnese, after Taygetus and Kyllini , and the highest in Achaea. The largest town near the mountain is Kalavryta . The municipal unit Aroania took its name from the mountain. Aroania is situated in southeastern Achaea, near the border with Corinthia . The slightly higher Kyllini mountain

84-568: Is about 15 km to its east, separated from Aroania by the valley of the river Olvios . The mountain Erymanthos is about 30 km to the west, across the valley of the river Vouraikos . The rivers Krios , Krathis and Vouraikos drain the mountain towards the Gulf of Corinth in the north. The river Aroanios drains the mountain towards the southwest, to the Ionian Sea . The mountain

105-449: Is now restricted to fir ( Abies ) and Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga ). Pines are gymnosperms . The genus is divided into two subgenera based on the number of fibrovascular bundles in the needle. The subgenera can be distinguished by cone, seed, and leaf characters: Phylogenetic evidence indicates that both subgenera have a very ancient divergence from one another. Each subgenus is further divided into sections and subsections. Many of

126-801: Is one of the world's oldest living organisms at around 4,800 years old. This tree can be found in the White Mountains of California. An older tree, now cut down, was dated at 4,900 years old. It was discovered in a grove beneath Wheeler Peak and it is now known as " Prometheus " after the Greek immortal . The spiral growth of branches, needles, and cones scales are arranged in Fibonacci number ratios. The new spring shoots are sometimes called "candles"; they are covered in brown or whitish bud scales and point upward at first, then later turn green and spread outward. These "candles" offer foresters

147-463: Is rich in butterfly species, including the Chelmos blue ( Agrodiaetus iphigenia ) which is found between 1,100 m and 1,800 m. Pine See List of Pinus species for complete taxonomy to species level. See list of pines by region for list of species by geographic distribution . A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus Pinus ( / ˈ p aɪ n ə s / ) of

168-652: Is the largest genus of the Pinaceae , the pine family, which first appeared in the Jurassic period. Based on recent Transcriptome analysis, Pinus is most closely related to the genus Cathaya , which in turn is closely related to spruces . These genera, with firs and larches , form the pinoid clade of the Pinaceae. Pines first appeared during the Early Cretaceous, with the oldest verified fossil of

189-701: Is the site of the Aristarchos telescope and of a ski resort . Points of interest on the mountain include the Cave of the Lakes ( Spilaio ton Limnon ), the monastery of Mega Spilaio and the mountain town Kalavryta . Mountain villages on the mountain are Planitero and Peristera . There are several protected areas on Aroania. A list of the highest peaks of Mount Aroania: The parts of Aroania between 800 m and 1,800 m elevation are covered with pine forests. The higher areas consist of grasslands and barren rock. Aroania

210-692: The Northern Hemisphere ; they occupy large areas of boreal forest , but are found in many habitats, including the Mediterranean Basin . The timber from pine trees is called "pine"; it is one of the most extensively used types of timber. There are currently 818 named cultivars (or trinomials ) recognized by the ACS. It is a well-known type of Christmas tree . Pine trees are evergreen , coniferous resinous trees (or, rarely, shrubs ) growing 3–80 metres (10–260 feet) tall, with

231-516: The Tragus near Zevgolatio . The river was among those mentioned by Hesiod in Theogony ; they were "all sons of Oceanus and queenly Tethys " for, according to the image of world hydrography common to the ancients, the fresh water that welled up in springs came from the underworld caverns and pools, and was connected with the salt sea. Rain fertilized crops, but the sense that its runoff filled

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252-557: The family Pinaceae . Pinus is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae . World Flora Online accepts 187 species names of pines as current, with additional synonyms, making it the largest family among the conifers. The American Conifer Society (ACS) and the Royal Horticultural Society accept 121 species. The highest species diversity of pines is found in Mexico. Pines are widely distributed in

273-665: The Indo-European base *pīt- ‘resin’ (source of English pituitary ). Before the 19th century, pines were often referred to as firs (from Old Norse fura , by way of Middle English firre ). In some European languages, Germanic cognates of the Old Norse name are still in use for pines — in Danish fyr , in Norwegian fura/fure/furu , Swedish fura/furu , Dutch vuren , and German Föhre — but in modern English, fir

294-562: The genus being Pinus yorkshirensis from the Hauterivian - Barremian boundary (~130-125 million years ago) from the Speeton Clay , England. The evolutionary history of the genus Pinus has been complicated by hybridization . Pines are prone to inter-specific breeding. Wind pollination, long life spans, overlapping generations, large population size, and weak reproductive isolation make breeding across species more likely. As

315-586: The majority of species reaching 15–45 m (50–150 ft) tall. The smallest are Siberian dwarf pine and Potosi pinyon , and the tallest is an 83.45 m (273.8 ft) tall sugar pine located in Yosemite National Park . Pines are long lived and typically reach ages of 100–1,000 years, some even more. The longest-lived is the Great Basin bristlecone pine ( P. longaeva ). One individual of this species, dubbed " Methuselah ",

336-507: The male and female cones on the same tree. The male cones are small, typically 1–5 cm long, and only present for a short period (usually in spring, though autumn in a few pines), falling as soon as they have shed their pollen . The female cones take 1.5–3 years (depending on species) to mature after pollination , with actual fertilization delayed one year. At maturity the female cones are 3–60 cm long. Each cone has numerous spirally arranged scales, with two seeds on each fertile scale;

357-683: The naiads Telphusa and Syrinx Rivers have cleansing effects in Greek mythology. When Poseidon assaulted Demeter , she washed away the insult in the waters of the River Ladon. Apparently this was the source of the Arcadian expression that to "giv[e] way to anger is to be furious." [REDACTED] Media related to Ladon (river) at Wikimedia Commons Aroania (mountain) Aroania ( Greek : Αροάνια ), also known as Helmos or Chelmos (Χελμός, from South Slavic chlmo , "summit" ),

378-404: The rivers did not figure in the Greek mythic picture. Rivers were personified and credited with wooing nymphs and human maidens and fathering children. By Stymphalis , Ladon became the father of the Arcadian nymph Metope who wed another river god , Asopus . The naiad Daphne , who rejected Apollo’s advances, was the daughter of Ladon and Ge (Earth). The river god’s other progeny were

399-453: The scales at the base and tip of the cone are small and sterile, without seeds. The seeds are mostly small and winged, and are anemophilous (wind-dispersed), but some are larger and have only a vestigial wing, and are bird -dispersed. Female cones are woody and sometimes armed to protect developing seeds from foragers. At maturity, the cones usually open to release the seeds. In some of the bird-dispersed species, for example whitebark pine ,

420-469: The seeds are only released by the bird breaking the cones open. In others, the seeds are stored in closed cones for many years until an environmental cue triggers the cones to open, releasing the seeds. This is called serotiny . The most common form of serotiny is pyriscence, in which a resin binds the cones shut until melted by a forest fire, for example in P. rigida . The modern English name "pine" derives from Latin pinus , which some have traced to

441-422: The smaller groups of Pinus are composed of closely related species with recent divergence and history of hybridization. This results in low morphological and genetic differences. This, coupled with low sampling and underdeveloped genetic techniques, has made taxonomy difficult to determine. Recent research using large genetic datasets has clarified these relationships into the groupings we recognize today. Pinus

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