Misplaced Pages

#977022

51-569: Seminara borders the following municipalities: Bagnara Calabra , Gioia Tauro , Melicuccà , Oppido Mamertina , Palmi , Rizziconi , San Procopio . The Battle of Seminara in the First Italian War occurred near the town in 1495. Seminara was also the birthplace of Barlaam of Seminara and Leontius Pilatus , who were two of the most important Byzantine scholars of the Renaissance period. This Calabrian location article

102-766: A formation on 1 September 1939 as the 1st Canadian Infantry Division for service in the Second World War . The division was part of the Allied campaign to invade Sicily, as well as their campaign on the Italian mainland, where they are associated with such notable battles as Ortona, the Liri Valley and the Gothic Line. The division reunited with the First Canadian Army in 1945 to participate in

153-579: A marmoreal representation of the legendary "Leone di Caprera",a small 9 meter boat which on 1880-1881 Fondacaro and his crew recorded a brave endeavour crossing the Atlantic Ocean. Bagnara Calabra borders the Tyrrhenian Sea on the west. It is located by a bay, embraced by overhanging hills which extend to the cliffs down to the sea, within a Calabrian coastal area known as the "Violet Coast". Bagnara looks out on north-east Sicily , across

204-536: A member of the National Guard. In the past the name was just Bagnara, but after the 1861 and unification of Italy, it became Bagnara Calabra to distinguish it from Bagnara di Romagna . Bagnara was also heavily hit by the 1908 Messina earthquake . During World War II Bagnara Calabra was involved in operations in southern Italy, which began the Allied invasion of Italy . Starting 21 July 1943, some parts of

255-618: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bagnara Calabra Bagnara Calabra (or simply Bagnara ) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in Calabria , southern Italy . It is located in the hills facing the Tyrrhenian Sea on the southern tip of the region, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria . The first organized village for which we have historical proof

306-829: Is a high-readiness unit, able to move on very short notice, and is staffed and equipped to meet Canada's military objectives to counter any potential threat. Formed during the First World War in August 1914, the 1st Canadian Division was a formation of the Canadian Expeditionary Force . The division contained a cavalry squadron and a cyclist company, three infantry brigades (the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigades, each of four battalions), representing all parts of Canada, three field artillery brigades (roughly equivalent to modern regiments) armed with 18-pounders and engineers, together with elements of

357-499: Is also a tourist center in the summer, and recently even in other seasons Bagnara has become an appreciated location for passionate flying paragliders who are attracted by an amazing landscape. - Railway station - - Highway - 1st Canadian Division World War II The 1st Canadian Division (French: 1 Division du Canada ) is a joint operational command and control formation based at CFB Kingston , and falls under Canadian Joint Operations Command . It

408-460: Is historically proven by the ancient "Via Capua-Regium", also known as Via Popilia , built in 132 BC, through Bagnara's territory. During the Roman era, the village was known as "Balnearum", at that time a thermal spring used by Romans. Others claim that Bagnara was founded by Phoenicia around the 8th century BC, but there's no archaeological proof supporting this theory. Since 1130 AD, Bagnara

459-478: Is known in Calabria and Italy as the maincenter of production of a renowned torrone which it has awarded with the quality brand of "I.G.P.". But overall the village is known for the ancient and rare way of fishing for swordfish , with an ancient boat known as felucca or passerella , where the fisherman hunts the Cavalier (as the swordfish is called by the oldest fishermen) with a harpoon. Between 1950 and 1970

510-549: The 1st Canadian Division , before Canada's formal entrance into the Second World War , to be later joined by both the 2nd and 3rd Canadian Infantry Divisions . The division, under the command of Major General Andrew McNaughton , left Halifax from Pier 21 in two heavily escorted convoys. The first departed on 10 December, three months after the declaration of war, and the second departed on 22 December 1939, with additional troops reaching England in February 1940. In 1941,

561-565: The 1st Canadian Infantry Brigade . Members of the RCR were present in France at least until 16 June, after the French capital of Paris had fallen to German forces , and returned almost immediately after. The 48th's withdrawal was not without some excitement. The division returned to England for the defence of Great Britain in the case of a German invasion . Soon afterwards, Major General McNaughton

SECTION 10

#1732771862978

612-625: The Canadian Army Service Corps and Canadian Army Medical Corps . The strength of the division was placed at 17,873 all ranks, with 4,943 horses. The 4th Brigade was broken up in January 1915, with one battalion (the 10th) going to the 2nd Brigade, and the other three battalions being used to form the Canadian Training Depot, ultimately being re-designated as "Reserve" Battalions. The 10th Battalion replaced

663-607: The Gothic Line throughout the summer, the 1st Canadian Infantry Division spent the next several months fighting, as it had the previous fall, for a succession of heavily defended river crossings surrounded by high ground. By the time the division reached the Senio , as the icy rain began giving way to snow in the Canadian sector, a decision had been reached to transfer the entire I Canadian Corps , 1st Infantry Division included, to

714-695: The Netherlands . By the end of March 1945, all Canadian Army units serving with Allied Forces Mediterranean (formerly the Allied Armies in Italy ) had been transferred to the Western Front and Operation Goldflake , the reunion of the 1st Infantry Division and 1st Armoured Brigade and First Canadian Army, commanded by Lieutenant-General Harry Crerar , was accomplished. The division, now under Major General Harry Foster , went on to take part in

765-638: The South African War of 1899–1902, in which he had Canadian mounted troops under his command. Training in the winter of 1914 was rigorous, and conditions on Salisbury Plain were harsh due to cold and rain. Alderson rejected the "shoddy" kit that was supplied from Canada including the Ross Rifle which had been adopted due to the slow rate of supply of the Lee–Enfield and which was seen as an example of Canadian nationalism. A royal inspection of

816-524: The Strait of Messina . The Aeolian Islands can be seen to the west across the Tyrrhenian Sea. The municipality of Bagnara Calabra contains territorial subdivisions, mainly boroughs and hamlets called " frazioni ", such as Ceramida, Solano, and Pellegrina. Bagnara Calabra borders the following municipalities: Melicuccà , Sant'Eufemia d'Aspromonte , Scilla , and Seminara . Bagnara

867-715: The Western Allied invasion of Germany , the liberation of a majority of the Netherlands including the liberation of Arnhem , and the war in Europe came to an end soon after, on 8 May 1945, Victory in Europe Day . The headquarters of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division was officially disbanded on 15 September 1945. Three members of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division were awarded the Victoria Cross during

918-624: The 17th Battalion (Nova Scotia Highlanders), 18th Battalion, and several companies of Newfoundland soldiers (later formed into the Newfoundland Regiment and assigned to the 29th Division ). The division consisted originally of a cavalry squadron, cyclist company, four infantry brigades, three artillery brigades (equivalent in terms of numbers to the regiments used in the Second World War and after) armed with 18-pounders , and divisional engineers, with supporting troops of

969-554: The 1st Canadian Engineer Brigade. Lieutenant-General Alderson was selected and appointed in October 1914 to command the new Canadian Division, as it was known at that time, making him the highest ranking divisional commander in the British Army. He was selected — to the relief of many — in lieu of Sir Sam Hughes , who was promoted at this time by the prime minister to the rank of Major-General. It had been Hughes's wish to command

1020-505: The 6th Battalion (Fort Garrys), which left the 2nd Brigade to become a cavalry unit, later serving in the Canadian Cavalry Brigade. Pioneer units were added later in the war, including the 1st Canadian Pioneer Battalion from March 1916 to February 1917, when they became the 9th Canadian Railway Battalion. The 107th Canadian Pioneer Battalion also came under command between March 1917 and May 1918, before being absorbed by

1071-666: The Army Service Corps and the Army Medical Corps.  The total war establishment of the division was 17,873 all ranks, with 4,943 horses. During its service in the First World War, the division fought at Ypres , Festubert , the Somme, Vimy Ridge , Passchendaele and Amiens among other notable battles on the Western Front . Following the war, the division was stood down, only to be re-mobilized as

SECTION 20

#1732771862978

1122-683: The Calabria Ulterior". It was built as a part of a military system of several watchtowers to guard against the incursions of Saracens along the Tyrrhenian coast. This Bridge is famous for a distinctive trait. It is probably the only one in Italy (perhaps on the World), since the same road cross the same bridge (passing down to two arches and turning up the bridge) three times. It is a part of Strada statale 18 Tirrena Inferiore . After being blown up by German mines on 4 September 1943,

1173-717: The Canadians in action. Alderson, who had commanded Canadian units before, won out over three prospective Canadian appointees, who, while serving with the British Army, were still considered too inexperienced. Alderson, meanwhile, had first seen action against the Boers in 1881, and thereafter fought in Egypt , the Sudan (he served with a Camel Corps in the Nile Expedition of 1884–1885) and Mashonaland . He also served throughout

1224-682: The Canadians relieved the 7th British Division in the Fleurbaix sector near Armentières on 1–3 March. General Alderson then became responsible for 6,400 yards (5,900 m) of front line on the left flank of the First Army (General Sir Douglas Haig ). The division moved to the Ypres Salient in April, and faced its first real test during the defence of St. Julien beginning on 22 April. The Canadians withstood German attack — aided, for

1275-580: The Caravilla Bridge. On 4 September, the British 5th Infantry Division reached Bagnara Calabra. Bagnara preserves evidence of this British presence since the rail station area of the village is commonly known as Rione Inglese (English Quarter). Historical monument It is located in the historic fishermen district known as Marinella. In ancient times the Tower was known as the "32nd Tower of

1326-642: The Eighth Army's bridgehead with the second wave in the spring offensive, Operation Diadem , the Fourth Battle of Monte Cassino . The 4th Princess Louise Dragoon Guards , the reconnaissance (or 'recce') regiment serving with the 1st Canadian Division, was the first of the Eighth Army's units to cross the Hitler Line in May 1944, below Pontecorvo in its armoured cars. After heavy fighting in front of

1377-545: The Great War to an end. 1st Canadian Brigade: 2nd Canadian Brigade: 3rd Canadian Brigade: 4th Canadian Brigade: Pioneers : Attached troops: 1916: 1917: 1918: After the cessation of hostilities on 11 November 1918, the 1st Division was selected to form part of the occupation forces on the right bank of the Rhine , and General MacDonnell took the salute on 13 December when his veterans crossed

1428-476: The boats were modified with engines, but previously - for thousands of years - the ancient fishermen used sails. Before 1950 this kind of swordfish fishing boat was made by hand, with boats racing to chase swordfish. Bagnara has traditionally been a fishing and agriculture center, with several terraces converted to vineyards for the cultivation of wine grapes. It was a highly esteemed area of Zibibbo vineyards. This farming has been lost because of emigration. It

1479-463: The bridge at Cologne with fixed bayonets. During April 1919, the troops embarked and returned to Canada for demobilization. The total casualties of the infantry battalions were 52,559, of which 15,055 (nearly the original strength of the entire division) were fatal. Twenty-four soldiers of the division were awarded the Victoria Cross . The division was remobilized in September 1939, designated as

1530-509: The bridge was rebuilt in 1943 by the Allies with the cooperation of the women of Bagnara Calabra. A popular legend relate that Garibaldi stopped twice to drink water on the same fountain. A Palladian style fountain was edificated on 1866 in order to remember Garibaldi in Bagnara. In the central square of the village is located a marble monument to remember Vincenzo Fondacaro . It is

1581-686: The conquest of Sicily, the division transferred to the British XIII Corps , but now serving alongside the British 5th Infantry Division (which had also fought in Husky), then landed in Calabria as part of Operation Baytown on the Italian mainland and fought its way up the Italian peninsula , advancing to the other side of the boot (the “heel”), before withdrawing from the front lines where it fought an occasional rearguard action. The division

Seminara - Misplaced Pages Continue

1632-416: The division early in 1915 foretold a move to France. Early in 1915, it was evident that the Canadians would soon be going to France. The division paraded in drill order for an inspection by His Majesty King George V ; thereafter, units boarded troop ships at Avonmouth and during mid-February, the entire division crossed the rough Channel to St. Nazaire . After a brief period in reserve near Hazebrouck ,

1683-578: The division in 1940. Nevertheless, in the wake of the disastrous Battle of France and the withdrawal of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) during the Dunkirk evacuation in May 1940, the 1st Canadian Division was ordered to France the following month. Among the infantry units that landed at Brest were The Royal Canadian Regiment (RCR), The 48th Highlanders of Canada and The Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment , all part of

1734-499: The first time on the Western Front , by the use of poison gas — and finally retired to secondary positions on 26 April, where they held on until 4 May. The Second Battle of Ypres , as the overall action came to be known, cost the infantry brigades some 5,506 men. Two weeks later, the division was in action again at Festubert . Aiding in a diversionary offensive by the British armies, the Canadians suffered 2,204 casualties for gains of only 600 yards (550 m). Another futile attack

1785-404: The formation adopted the red rectangular battle patch insignia worn by the 1st Canadian Division in the Great War . All elements of the division were far from completely equipped on mobilization: of the artillery and machine guns on hand, most were obsolete, and the troops lacked steel helmets. Only gradually did a full complement of more modern weapons, equipment, and transport begin reaching

1836-573: The historic assault on Vimy Ridge , and took the time-honoured position of right of the line on 9 April 1917 when the corps took the ridge. Other gains were made in the days following the successful assault on the ridge, and the division participated in the battle of Hill 70 in August 1917. The Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) followed in mid-October, and fighting continued into November. The division served under Major-General Archibald Cameron Macdonell beginning in May; his command persisted until Armistice Day . Massive German offensives came in

1887-498: The landings which it had orders to hold until 6 September. On 3 September 1943 the British Eighth Army 's XIII Corps , composed of the 1st Canadian and British 5th Infantry Divisions and commanded by Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey , launched Operation Baytown under General Bernard Montgomery 's direction. At 4:30 AM on 4 September 1943 the retreating Germans blew up

1938-615: The largest trans-Atlantic convoy to date two months later. Training and reorganization commenced upon arrival in the United Kingdom in October 1914, and it was not until 26 January 1915 that the division was officially organized, under the command of Lieutenant-General Edwin Alderson , a British Army officer . Several units under command of the First Contingent were excluded from the divisional organization, including

1989-619: The liberation of the Western Netherlands before the end of the war in Europe. The division was also reactivated twice during the Cold War : from 1953 to 1958, and again from 1988 to 1992. In 2010, the division was reactivated for a third time. While the four divisions (2nd to 5th) of the Canadian Army are responsible for command of units within their respective geographic regions , the 1st Canadian Division Headquarters

2040-500: The spring of 1916, participating in the Battle of Mount Sorrel , and then restoring the situation at Sanctuary Wood. The Battle of the Somme opened on 1 July 1916, the costliest day in the history of the British Army , with over 19,000 British soldiers killed and 38,000 wounded. The Canadian part in the battle, which was to last through to November, did not begin until September at Battle of Pozières and lasted through to October. It

2091-587: The spring of 1918, but the Canadian Corps —now considered crack assault troops—were held in reserve for the inevitable counter-offensives. " Canada's Hundred Days "—the last 100 days of the war—were marked by several Canadian successes, at Amiens , Arras (which included the Drocourt-Quéant Line ), Canal du Nord and the Pursuit to Mons . The Armistice of 11 November 1918 finally brought

Seminara - Misplaced Pages Continue

2142-484: The town, which a reporter for The New York Times had begun calling a "miniature Stalingrad ", based on the ferocity of the street fighting and the heavy losses on both sides, with the Canadians suffering 650 casualties, mainly in the 3rd Brigade. By 27 December, what remained of Ortona, after days of shelling and aerial bombardment, was in Canadian hands. After this, the division was rested and many months of static warfare ensued. The division then went on to break out of

2193-466: The village were lightly bombed by the Allies, in order to attack Wehrmacht forces that were preparing to retreat. Albert Kesselring and his staff strategically chose not to defend Calabria, leaving only the 29th Panzergrenadier Division 's 15th Panzergrenadier Regiment, and began the German retreat. On 3 September, most of this unit was in prepared positions at Bagnara, some 40 km (25 mi) from

2244-516: Was around 1085 AD, with edification of "S. Mary's V.G. and XII Apostles Abbey Nullius" ordered by Roger I of Sicily . Other historical assumptions supported by indirect proofs allow dating much further back, to being directly connected with Mamertini (sons of war-god Mars), following the First Punic War . Supporting this theory, ancient coins with the likeness of Mars were discovered and documented in this area around 1800. Roman presence

2295-463: Was formed to serve as a task-tailored, deployable joint headquarters at high readiness to command and control joint, inter-agency, multinational forces to achieve national objectives at home and abroad. The First Contingent of the Canadian Expeditionary Force was raised in August 1914, shortly after the outbreak of the Great War , concentrated at Valcartier Camp in Quebec, and set off for England in

2346-602: Was killed in an air crash, took part in Operation Husky , code name for the Allied assault landing on Sicily on 10 July 1943, which ended after just 28 days. The division came under command of the British XXX Corps , serving alongside the veteran 51st (Highland) Division , part of the British Eighth Army , commanded by General Sir Bernard Montgomery . The campaign cost the division over 2,100 casualties, with 562 Canadians killed in action. Soon after

2397-507: Was launched at Givenchy-en-Gohelle in June 1915, after which the division moved to Ploegsteert . The Canadians began a long period of static warfare which would last them throughout the winter. In September, the arrival of the 2nd Canadian Division meant that a national corps headquarters could take to the field to command the division. Major-General Arthur Currie took command of the division in September. Active operations resumed again in

2448-437: Was on the Somme that the red patch was first worn as an identifying device—two inches by three inches and worn on both sleeves, this rectangle identified the wearer as belonging to the 1st Division. The insignia was also painted on steel trench helmets , and adorned with geometric shapes of different colours to further identify the soldier's specific battery, brigade, battalion or other subunit. The division began to prepare for

2499-651: Was part of the Kingdom of Sicily established by Roger II . The village was almost completely destroyed by the 1783 Calabrian earthquakes and tsunami. It is recorded as the most powerful in the area, killing 59% of the population and collapsing the Abbey Nullius. The only evidence left of a late-eighteenth century building is Carmine's Church, which was rebuilt after the earthquakes. On 24 August 1860 followed by ten official Giuseppe Garibaldi fighting for Italian unification reached Bagnara where they were host by

2550-445: Was promoted to command of the British VII Corps (later designated the Canadian Corps ) and was succeeded by Major General George Pearkes . In January 1943, the division was redesignated "1st Canadian Infantry Division." The division transferred to the Mediterranean theatre in June 1943 where the division, now under the command of Major General Guy Simonds after Major General Harry Salmon (who had taken command in September 1942)

2601-401: Was put back into the front lines to participate in the Moro River Campaign . The division, now under Major General Chris Vokes , supported by tanks of the 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade , took part in the Battle of Ortona , fighting against German Fallschirmjäger –crack air force paratroops of the 1st Parachute Division –over Christmas 1943. Both sides suffered heavy losses in the fight for

SECTION 50

#1732771862978
#977022