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48-561: [REDACTED] Look up Senkaku Islands in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Senkaku may refer to: Senkaku Islands (尖閣列島), disputed territory named " Diaoyu " or " Diaoyutai Islands" in Mandarin Chinese, also known as "Pinnacle Islands", administered by Japan Senkaku (priest) ( 仙覚 , 1203 – c. 1273) , a Japanese Buddhist priest Yasui Senkaku ( 安井仙角 , 1700–1737) ,

96-711: A Tail Wind ( Chinese : 順風相送 ; pinyin : Shùnfēng Xiāngsòng ) (1403) and Record of the Imperial Envoy's Visit to Ryūkyū ( Chinese : 使琉球錄 ; pinyin : Shǐ Liúqiú Lù ) (1534). Adopted by the Chinese Imperial Map of the Ming Dynasty, the Chinese name for the island group ( Diaoyu ) and the Japanese name for the main island ( Uotsuri ) both mean "fishing". Historically,

144-460: A general inclination of a dip of less than 20 degrees towards the North. These strata are intruded by sheets of Mio- Pliocene porphyritic hornblende diorite , and are fringed by recent coral outcrops and surface talus deposits . Kuba and Taisho are volcanic in origin, with Kuba comprising " pyroxene andesite , lava, volcanic bombs , pumice , limestone, and other rocky material" and Taisho

192-679: A lighthouse on Uotsuri Island. In 2005, a Japanese fisherman who owned a lighthouse at Uotsuri Island expressed his intention to relinquish the ownership of the lighthouse, and the lighthouse became a national property pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Code of Japan. Since then, the Japan Coast Guard has maintained and managed the Uotsuri lighthouse. From 2002 to 2012, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications paid

240-578: A part of Chinese territory since at least 1534. China acknowledges that Japan took control of the islands in 1894–1895 during the first Sino-Japanese War , through the signature of the Treaty of Shimonoseki . China asserts that the Potsdam Declaration required that Japan relinquish control of all islands except for "the islands of Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine", and China states that this means control of

288-489: A provocative incident. The Senkaku Islands are important nesting sites for seabirds, and are one of two remaining nesting sites in the world for the short-tailed albatross , alongside Tori-shima, Izu Islands . The islands are referred to as the Senkaku Islands ( 尖 閣 諸 島 , Senkaku-shotō , variants: 尖閣群島 Senkaku-guntō and 尖閣列島 Senkaku-rettō ) in Japanese. In mainland China, they are known as

336-456: A website of its own to support its claims. In 2016, Chinese fishing, Coast Guard and other vessels were entering the territorial waters around the islands almost daily and in August 2016 the Japanese foreign minister Fumio Kishida reportedly told China's foreign minister Wang Yi "that the activity represented an escalation of tensions" according to Japanese sources. It was the first meeting of

384-399: Is occasionally still used when neutrality among the competing national claims is desirable. In Okinawan (northern Ryukyu), the islands are known as ʔiyukubajima ( 魚蒲葵島 ) , while their Yaeyama (southern Ryukyu) name is iigunkubajima . Chinese records of these islands date back to as early as the 15th century when they were referred as Diaoyu in books such as Voyage with

432-489: Is surrounded by coral reefs . The highest point on Ishigaki Island is Omotodake (525.5 m (1,724 ft)). The uninhabited Senkaku Islands are located 150 km (93 mi) north of the Ishigaki Island. The Senkaku Islands cover roughly 6.3 km (2.4 sq mi). The city is divided in twenty-four wards. Ishigaki produces sugarcane and pineapples . Tourism is also an important part of

480-560: Is thought to be consist of "andesite, tuff breccia , and tuffaceous sandstone". Permission for collecting herbs on three of the islands was recorded in an Imperial Chinese edict of 1893. Several floral surveys have been conducted on the Senkaku islands, with a 1980 survey finding that Uotsuri had 339 species of plants. These ecological communities varied based on altitude, with the communities being divided into windswept mountaintop vegetation with Podocarpus macrophyllus trees, with

528-895: The Argonaut . William Robert Broughton sailed past them in November 1797 during his voyage of discovery to the North Pacific in HMS Providence , and referred to Diaoyu Island/Uotsuri Island as "Peaks Island". Reference was made to the islands in Edward Belcher 's 1848 account of the voyages of HMS Sammarang . Captain Belcher remarked that "the names assigned in this region have been too hastily admitted." Belcher reported anchoring off Pinnacle Island in March 1845. In

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576-622: The Diaoyu Islands ( Chinese : 钓鱼 岛 ; pinyin : Diàoyúdǎo ) or more fully "Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands" ( Chinese : 钓鱼 岛 及 其 附属 岛屿 ; pinyin : Diàoyúdǎo jí qí fùshǔ dǎoyǔ ), while in Taiwan they are called the Diaoyutai Islands or Tiaoyutai Islands ( Chinese : 釣魚臺 列嶼 ; pinyin : Diàoyútái liè yǔ ). In Western sources, the historical English name Pinnacle Islands

624-826: The Pinnacle Islands or the Diaoyu Islands in China and as the Tiaoyutai Islands in Taiwan , are a group of uninhabited islands in the East China Sea , administered by Japan . The islands are located northeast of Taiwan , east of China , west of Okinawa Island , and north of the southwestern end of the Ryukyu Islands . The islands are the focus of a territorial dispute between Japan and China and between Japan and Taiwan. China claims

672-415: The brown booby . Mikinosuke also noted the large number of chickens and feral cats on the island, with dozens of cats descending on the seabirds at night. Kitakojima and Minamikojima are one of only two significant breeding places of the rare short-tailed albatross ( Phoebastria albatrus ). The islands have been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International . Uotsuri-shima,

720-582: The 1870s and 1880s, the English name Pinnacle Islands was used by the British navy for the rocks adjacent to the largest island Uotsuri-shima / Diaoyu Dao (then called 和平嶼 ; hô-pîng-sū ; 'Peace Island in Hokkien '); Kuba-shima / Huangwei Yu (then called Ti-a-usu ); and Taishō-tō / Chiwei Yu . A Japanese navy record issued in 1886 first started to identify the islets using equivalents of

768-664: The 1970s, Koga Tatsushirō's son Zenji Koga and Zenji's wife Hanako sold four islets to the Kurihara family of Saitama Prefecture. Kunioki Kurihara owned Uotsuri, Kita-Kojima, and Minami-Kojima. Kunioki's sister owned Kuba. The islands came under US government occupation in 1945 after the surrender of Japan ended World War II. In 1969, the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) identified potential oil and gas reserves in

816-434: The Chinese and English terms employed by the British. The name "Senkaku Retto" is not found in any Japanese historical document before 1900 (the term "Senkaku Gunto" began being used in the late 19th century), and first appeared in print in a geography journal published in 1900. It was derived from a translation of the English name Pinnacle Islands into a Sinicized Japanese term "Sento Shoto" (as opposed to "Senkaku Retto", i.e.,

864-657: The Chinese had used the uninhabited islands as navigational markers in making the voyage to the Ryukyu Kingdom upon commencement of diplomatic missions to the kingdom, "resetting the compass at a particular isle in order to reach the next one". The first published description of the islands in Europe appears in a book imported by Isaac Titsingh in 1796. His small library of Japanese books included Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu ( 三國通覧圖說 , An Illustrated Description of Three Countries ) by Hayashi Shihei . This text, which

912-459: The Foreign and Transport ministries, officials from the now-defunct Okinawa Development Agency, and Hiroyuki Kurihara, visited the islands and camped on Uotsuri for about four weeks. The delegation surveyed the local ecosystem, finding moles and sheep, studied the local marine life, and examined whether the islands would support human habitation. In 1988, a Japanese political group reconstructed

960-599: The Japanese Cabinet released names of 39 uninhabited islands. These minor features in the East China Sea are located approximately 120 nautical miles northeast of Taiwan, 200 nautical miles east of the Chinese mainland and 200 nautical miles southwest of the Japanese island of Okinawa. According to one visitor, Uotsuri-shima, the largest of the islands, consists of a pair of rocky gray mountains with steep, boulder-strewn slopes rising almost straight from

1008-440: The Kurihara family for ¥2.05 billion. China's Foreign Ministry objected saying Beijing would not "sit back and watch its territorial sovereignty violated." In 2014, Japan constructed a lighthouse and wharf featuring Japanese flag insignia on the islets. The island group are known to consist of five uninhabited islets and three barren rocks. China has identified and named as many as 71 islets that belong to this group after

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1056-629: The Kurihara family ¥25 million a year to rent Uotsuri, Minami-Kojima and Kita-Kojima. Japan's Ministry of Defense rents Kuba island for an undisclosed amount. Kuba is used by the U.S. military as a practice aircraft bombing range. Japan's central government completely owns Taisho island. The reaction of the Kan Cabinet to the September 2010 Senkaku boat collision incident was seen by former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe as "a very foolish move" and "frighteningly naive". On December 17, 2010,

1104-620: The Ryukyu Kingdom, etc. The Japanese central government incorporated the islands into Okinawa Prefecture in January 1895 while still fighting China in the First Sino-Japanese War . Around 1900, Japanese entrepreneur Koga Tatsushirō ( 古賀 辰四郎 ) constructed a bonito fish processing plant on the islands, employing over 200 workers. The business failed around 1940 and the islands have remained deserted ever since. In

1152-742: The Senkaku Islands are under the valid control of Japan. They also state "there exists no issue of territorial sovereignty to be resolved concerning the Senkaku Islands." The following points are given: In 2012 the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs created a website in support of its claims; in late 2014 the National Marine Data and Information Service, a department under the State Oceanic Administration of People's Republic of China created

1200-573: The Trough serves as the boundary between them, and that the Trough should not be ignored .... ...the trough is just an incidental depression in a continuous continental margin between the two countries ... [and] the trough should be ignored .... The stance given by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs is that the Senkaku Islands are clearly an inherent territory of Japan, in light of historical facts and based upon international law, and

1248-659: The United States and Japan. The discovery of potential undersea oil reserves in 1968 in the area was a catalyst for further interest in the disputed islands. Despite the diplomatic stalemate between China and Taiwan, both governments agree that the islands are part of Taiwan as part of Toucheng Township in Yilan County . Japan administers and controls the Senkaku islands as part of the city of Ishigaki in Okinawa Prefecture . It does not acknowledge

1296-518: The area, including tunas, sharks, marlins , critically endangered hawksbill sea turtles , dolphins, pilot whales , sperm whales , and humpback whales . Territorial sovereignty over the islands and the maritime boundaries around them are disputed between the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, and Japan. The People's Republic and Republic of China claim that the islands have been

1344-573: The city of Ishigaki designated January 14 as "Pioneering Day" to commemorate Japan's 1895 incorporation of the Senkaku Islands. China condemned Ishigaki's actions. In May 2012, both the Tokyo Metropolitan and Japanese central governments announced plans to negotiate purchase of Uotsuri, Kita-Kojima, and Minami-Kojima from the Kurihara family, and on September 11, 2012, the Japanese government nationalized its control over Minami-kojima, Kita-kojima, and Uotsuri islands by purchasing them from

1392-661: The claims of China nor Taiwan, but it has not allowed the Ishigaki administration to develop the islands. As a result of the dispute, the public is largely barred from approaching the uninhabited islands, which are about a seven-hour boat ride from Ishigaki. Vessels from the Japan Coast Guard pursue Chinese ships crossing the maritime boundary in what one visiting journalist described in 2012 as "an almost cold war -style game of cat-and-mouse", and fishing and other civilian boats are prevented from getting too close to avoid

1440-429: The colder months, while hundreds of thousands of sooty tern and brown noddy would descend on Kitakojima and Minamikojima in the warmer months. He also described the air of Uotsuri as swarming with bluebottle flies and mosquitoes . In the same year, an account by Miyajima Mikinosuke  [ ja ] , surveying Kuba Island, noted the presence of whimbrel , Von Schrenck's bittern , the streaked shearwater , and

1488-480: The crater, which includes a variety of flora including Ceodes umbellifera , Macaranga tanarius , Ficus benjamina , Diospyros maritima , Trema orientalis , Machilus thunbergii , and Livistona subglobosa, with forest floor plants being sparse. In an account by Hisashi Kuroiwa  [ ja ] in 1900, it was noted the large number of birds present on the islands, tens of thousands of short-tailed and black-footed albatross would flock on Uotsuri-shima, in

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1536-640: The discovery and ownership of the islands from the 14th century, while Japan maintained ownership of the islands from 1895 until its surrender at the end of World War II . The United States administered the islands as part of the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands from 1945 until 1972, when the islands returned to Japanese control under the Okinawa Reversion Agreement between

1584-497: The head of the Yasui school of Go, which was established in 1612 Senkaku Jinja ( 尖閣神社 ) a shinto sanctuary Senkaku, a fictional character in a Japanese manga series, Rurouni Kenshin See also [ edit ] Sankaku (disambiguation) Diaoyu (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

1632-544: The islands belong to Republic of China, and any moves to deny this fact are invalid. The Taiwanese government and the opposition KMT party also condemned the council's move, saying the Islands are ROC territory and the nation would not give up even "an inch" of its sovereignty. Ishigaki, Okinawa It is also the location of the Senkaku Islands (see below in the Geography section). The current city of Ishigaki

1680-549: The islands should pass to Republic of China, which was part of China at the time of the first Sino-Japanese War as well as of the San Francisco Peace Treaty. Both the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) respectively separately claim sovereignty based on arguments that include the following points: Japan does not accept that there is a dispute, asserting that the islands are an integral part of Japan. Japan has rejected claims that

1728-673: The islands were under China's control prior to 1895, and that these islands were contemplated by the Potsdam Declaration or affected by the San Francisco Peace Treaty. The existence of the back-arc basin complicates descriptive issues. According to Professor Ji Guoxing of the Asia-Pacific Department at Shanghai Institute for International Studies , ...the Okinawa Trough proves that the continental shelves of China and Japan are not connected, that

1776-430: The islands, including Gekko hokouensis (Uotsuri, Minami) Eumeces elegans (Uotsuri, Minami), an indeterminate species of Scincella (Uotsuri) Ramphotyphlops braminus (Uotsuri) Elaphe carinata (Uotsuri) and Dinodon rufozonatus (Uotsuri). Rich marine biodiversity adjacent to the islands has been recognized but poorly studied. Seemingly, varieties of larger fish and animals inhabit or migrate through

1824-645: The largest island, has a number of endemic species such as the Senkaku mole ( Mogera uchidai ) and Okinawa-kuro-oo-ari ant. Due to the introduction of domestic goats to the island in 1978, the Senkaku mole is now an endangered species. The striped field mouse ( Apodemus agrarius ) has also been noted to be present on Uotsuri. Surveys from 1900 to 1953 and noted the presence of the Asian house shrew , black rats and fruit bats but these were not noted in more recent surveys. Six species of reptile have been recorded from

1872-522: The mainland during the Last Glacial Period . Uotsuri, Kitakojima, Minamikojima and surrounding islets are sedimentary in origin, predominantly consisting of probably Miocene aged sandstone and sandstone- conglomerate , with subordinate conglomerate, coal seams up to 10 centimetres thick, and rare siltstone beds. The sedimentary strata have around 300 metres of exposed thickness at Uotsuri, and have SW-NE, EW and NW-SE strikes , with

1920-451: The term used by the Japanese today), which has the same meaning. The collective use of the name "Diaoyutai" to denote the entire group began with the advent of the controversy in the 1970s. As the uninhabited islets were historically used as maritime navigational markers, they were never subjected to administrative control other than the recording of the geographical positions on maps, descriptions in official records of Chinese missions to

1968-418: The territory. The Japanese central government, however, has prohibited Ishigaki from surveying or developing the islands. In 1978, a Japanese political group constructed the first lighthouse on Uotsuri island and grazed two goats. Goats have since proliferated and affected the island's vegetation. In 1979 an official delegation from the Japanese government composed of 50 academics, government officials from

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2016-534: The title Senkaku . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Senkaku&oldid=1180850508 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Japanese-language text Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Senkaku Islands The Senkaku Islands , also known as

2064-668: The top diplomats since the Permanent Court of Arbitration ruling against China's South China Sea claims and was coincident with a three-party meeting (including South Korea ) relative to a North Korean submarine-launched missile in the Sea of Japan . On 22 June 2020, the Ishigaki City Council voted to change the name of the area containing the Senkaku Islands from "Tonoshiro" to "Tonoshiro Senkaku". Republic of China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs responded that

2112-409: The understory including Liriope muscari and Rhaphiolepis umbellata , inclined high forest including the palms Livistona chinensis and Arenga engleri , lowland windswept shrub forest including Ficus microcarpa and Planchonella obovata , and seashore plants. Minamikojima was much less diverse, and dominated by grasses, while Kitakojima only had sparse plant life. Kuba has a forest near

2160-507: The vicinity of the Senkaku Islands. In 1971, the Okinawa Reversion Treaty passed the U.S. Senate, returning the islands to Japanese control in 1972. Also in 1972, the Republic of China government and People's Republic of China government officially began to declare ownership of the islands. Since 1972, when the islands reverted to Japanese government control, the government of Ishigaki has been given civic authority over

2208-464: The water's edge. Other, nearby islands were described as large rocks covered by low vegetation. In ascending order of distances, the island cluster is located: The depth of the surrounding waters of the continental shelf is approximately 100–150 metres (330–490 ft) except for the Okinawa Trough on the south. The shelf is shallow enough that the western islands were likely connected to

2256-477: Was founded in 1908 as Yaeyama Village, an amalgamation of the Ishigaki, Ōhama, and Miyara magiri . In 1914 it was renamed to Ishigaki Village, and grew to become Ishigaki Town in 1926. Ishigaki was elevated to city status on July 10, 1947. Historical footnote: One of the first Frenchmen ever to visit Japan, Guillaume Courtet , came ashore at Ishigaki in 1636. The city of Ishigaki covers the entirety of Ishigaki Island (222 km (86 sq mi)). The island

2304-660: Was published in Japan in 1785, described the Ryūkyū Kingdom . Hayashi followed convention in giving the islands their Chinese names in his map in the text, where he coloured them in the same pink as China. In 1832, the Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland supported the posthumous abridged publication of Titsingh's French translation. The name, "Pinnacle Isles" was first used by James Colnett , who charted them during his 1789–1791 voyage in

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