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28-469: Serang municipality is about 10 km from Old Banten , the eponymous former sultanate's capital. Merak , a major port and ferry terminal, is located at the northwest tip of Java, within the independent municipality of Cilegon , which was split off from the regency on 20 April 1999. Serang Regency and its semi-enclaved cities have experienced a heavy influx of residents as Jakarta continues its outward growth; some planning agencies consider it to be part of

56-595: A mere village, with squatters filling empty space in between archaeological area. Despite encouraged tourism, especially for the Great Mosque of Banten , the rest of the site received lack of proper conservation. The Surosowan Kraton is a ruined palace where the Sultans of Banten resided. The palace was built in 1552. Unlike the Kaibon Kraton, there is little left inside the kraton. The only visible remains of

84-460: Is a museum located between Surosowan Kraton and the Great Mosque. The museum kept archaeological remnants such as ceramic vases, roof, and coins related with the historic port city of Banten. Other important artifacts are Meriam Ki Amuk (a 2.5 meter long Ottoman cannon) and a stone pepper mill. There are remnants of infrastructures outside the walled city of Banten. Tasik Ardi (Ardi Lake)

112-532: Is a rectangular 5 hectare artificial lake formerly used as a water reservoir for the city of Banten. From this reservoir, water are channeled via pipes and viaducts to the city, passing a series of water treatment stations. Some of these water treatment stations are still visible today. The village of Kasunyatan, several meter south of Old Banten, was once an Islamic learning center for the Sultan of Banten. There are several tombs and 16th-century Kasunyatan Mosque in

140-564: Is bounded by Java Sea to the north, Sunda Strait to the west, Tangerang Regency of Greater Jakarta to the east, Lebak Regency and Pandeglang Regency to the south. As at time of the 2010 Census, the Regency was divided into twenty-eight districts ( kecamatan ). However, an additional district - Lebakwangi - was created in 2017 from the southeastern part of Pontang District and other neighbouring districts. The districts are tabulated below with their current areas and their populations at

168-474: Is erroneous Javanese. Possibly the accent of the Javanese speaker confused the scribe. The definition of alon alon is to progress slowly or cautiously, and well known within the modern Indonesian public sphere as the phrase "alon alon asal kelakon" : "slowly and surely as long as it's [sic: task] done"- humorously amended to the very popular contemporary "alon alon asal kelakson" : "slowly as long as you beep

196-534: Is included in the figures for the districts from which it was cut out. Old Banten Old Banten (Indonesian Banten Lama ) is an archaeological site in the northern coast of Serang Regency, Banten , Indonesia. Located 11 km north of Serang city, the site of Old Banten contains the ruin of the walled port city of Banten , the 16th-century capital of the Sultanate of Banten . Since 1995, Old Banten has been proposed to UNESCO World Heritage. Banten

224-408: Is known as Old Banten. It is a well-known tourist attraction, where many locals visit to pay their respects and pray at the graves of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin and his descendants; or visits the Great Mosque. The area reflects the sultanate's earlier glory. Notable buildings include the impressive Great Mosque of Banten, ruins of two important Kraton (palaces), the watch tower, the water systems and

252-662: The Masjid Kanari , a tower of the ruined Masjid Pecinan Tinggi , the already demolished mosque of the Kraton Kaibon , and ruins of Koja Mosque. The Kaibon Kraton is the ruined palace and residence of Ratu Aisyah, the queen and mother of Sultan Syaifuddin. The Kraton was destroyed in 1832 following the order of Daendels , partly because unlike other Sultanates in Indonesia, the Sultanate of Banten never bowed to

280-517: The Regent 's "Patih" , also Bupati (town or village head) was situated on the North or South. The East is generally reserved for shops, markets, or houses of prominent families. Two enormous Pacikra or Pacikeran doors conventionally separate the high defensive perimeter wall surrounding the kraton and the alun-alun . The gladak or pradah compound for stables , porters , and draught horses

308-546: The alun-alun lor to continue to the kraton. At the two centrally located holy beringin or banyan trees, officials had their payung (ceremonial parasols indicating office) placed down by their parasol valet . Ordinary commoner Javanese seeking an audience with the Regent would be required to sit and wait under the trees waiting for an official to leave the Kraton and ask their reason for an audience. Dutch officials such as

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336-424: The 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages (all classed as desa ) within each district, and its postal code. Note: (a) including offshore Panjang Island (7.4 km) with 3,420 inhabitants in 2023. (b) the 2010 population on the new Lebakwangi District

364-639: The Dutch during a conflict with Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa in 1680. There was a plan for reconstruction of the compounds within Kraton Surosowan in early 2013, however it is not clear how to finance the reconstruction process. There are several mosques inside and outside the walled city of Old Banten. The largest mosque, and the only surviving building within the Old Banten walled city, is the Great Mosque of Banten . Well-maintained by its followers,

392-458: The Great Mosque complex contains several buildings which shows a mixture of architectural style. The mosque shows a mixture of local Javanese and Chinese influence, the lighthouse-shaped minaret shows Portuguese influence, the tiyamah building (where Islamic studies are conducted), which was built by a Dutchman who converted into Islam, features a typical Dutch colonial style with its high sash window. Other remains of mosques around Old Banten are

420-650: The Resident were commonly received with great ceremony to the alun-alun lor with the kraton soldiers firing three volleys , which would be answered by a twenty-one-gun salute from the Dutch fortress, especially between the Yogyakarta kraton and the Dutch Fort Vredeburg . Strict rules govern the location of buildings surrounding the alun-alun lor . The main mosque must be sited on the west side and face east (to Mecca ). The official residence of

448-459: The artifacts at the Museum of Banten Artifacts. The city of Banten was laid out in accordance with precepts imported from Java rather than mirroring local Sundanese ideas. In 1596, the city housed roughly 100,000 people. It was a walled city. Transport within the city was mainly by water: rivers, canals, and bridges. Artificial reservoir and drainage system provides clean water for the city from

476-546: The colonial government. Several buildings are still visible. The Chinese temple is one of the oldest in Indonesia. The existence of this vihara in Old Banten means that the Buddhist religion was tolerated in the overall Muslim city of Banten. Not far from the Great Mosque of Banten is a Dutch fort built in 1682. The fort is square shaped. There is a European cemetery to the southeast of the fort. The Museum of Old Banten (Indonesian "Museum Situs Kepurbakalaan Banten Lama")

504-446: The elite. There is a mosque facing a Javanese alun-alun , a typical layout of Javanese city. The compound of the shahbandar or the harbor master was located on the eastern side of the alun-alun. the Kraton of Surosowan, as well as the Great Mosque of Banten , is located in this area. Banten population was engaged in common craft such as pottery making, many of these are found and kept in a site museum. The city now has been reduced to

532-407: The kraton is the half to two meter wall — of red stone and coral stone — surrounding the perimeter of the kraton complex. The layout of former buildings are visible from the foundation's layout. One of the visible remains is a rectangular pool, assumed to be the pleasure pool where the princess of Banten took a bath, not different from the pleasure pool of Yogyakarta Kraton. The fort was destroyed by

560-538: The left shoulder blade downward into the heart) beside the enclosed banyan trees of the alun-alun lor . For especially heinous criminals, most especially traitors and vicious brigands, the condemner's head would be impaled on a pike as a macabre public warning. The alun-alun lor functioned and continues to function as centre for public spectacles, court celebrations and general non-court entertainment. The Javanese festivals of Garebegan and Sekaten great fairs were held here, as they are still held today. The alun-alun lor

588-647: The metropolitan area. It shares its eastern border with Tangerang Regency of Jabodetabek . Serang Regency covers an area of 1,369.91 km, and had a population of 1,402,818 at the 2010 Census and 1,622,630 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,730,532. Including Cilegon and Serang cities which the regency surrounds on their landward sides, the mid 2023 population amounted to 2,936,561 inhabiting 1,795.58 km, for an overall density of 1,635.4 per km. Both Cilegon and Serang cities are semi-enclaves within Serang Regency. Serang Regency

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616-511: The most important and northern alun-alun lor and the less important and commonly smaller southern alun-alun kidul . The court of Pakubuwana in Surakarta is unique as it incorporates the alun-alun kidul within the defensive wall of the kraton proper. The northern alun-alun lor functioned as the primary and most official entrance to the kraton. Javanese officials and commoners alike had to dismount carriages and horses before entering

644-408: The southern region of the city via aqueducts and underground pipes. The area within the wall was divided into a northern and a southern half. Only Indonesians were allowed to live within the city wall; foreigners were located outside, with foreign Muslims on the northeast, foreign non-Muslims on the west, both along the shore. The northern section contained the remains of the residential compounds of

672-533: The village. Alun-alun An alun-alun ( Javanese , correctly hyphenated but occurs occasionally without hyphen; also found as aloen-aloen , aloon aloon , and erroneously alon-alon ) or Square ( English ) is a large, central, open lawn square common to villages, towns and cities in Indonesia . Commonly, alun-alun in modern-day Indonesia refers only to the two large open squares of kraton palace compounds. Each kraton has two alun-alun :

700-536: The yard and enjoy take-out food. Most alun-aluns function as public open spaces, large gathering spots for ceremonies, and recreation spots. At the Yogyakarta Palace and Surakarta Palace, the South Square has two famous banyan trees in the middle. Jakarta , notably does not have alun-alun unlike most cities, this is because it was designed for Dutch colonists. The transliteration of "alon alon"

728-606: Was a 16th-century port city known for its pepper. The city flourished when the Islamic Banten Sultanate reached its peak during the 17th century. There was a period of intense conflicts with the Dutch East India Company (VOC) over the trade of spices, which eventually led to the dissolution of the Sultanate in Banten and to the city's decline. Today, the site where the city of Banten remains

756-400: Was stationed outside the north gate of the alun-alun , presumably for practicality for disembarking officials and to keep the smell of horses and manure as far as possible from the kraton. The alun-alun lor also historically functioned for a place for public corporal punishments and executions. Condemned criminals were publicly executed by krissing (using a keris to stab the condemned from

784-489: Was the only place where the Sultan or Susuhunan would conduct dialogue with his people, and functioned to show his humanity and humility. The alun-lun kidul was more of a generic ground, principally for everyday mustering troops or servants and for exiting officials, servants and workers attending to mundane everyday business. In modern Yogyakarta and Surakarta, alun-alun lor is now surrounded by shops and malls, often hosting micro-enterprise stalls and for children to picnic in

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