47-542: Shua is a village in the Astara Rayon of Azerbaijan . This Astara Rayon location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Astara Rayon Astara District ( Azerbaijani : Astara rayonu ) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan . It is located in the southeast of the country, in the Lankaran-Astara Economic Region . The district borders
94-427: A few in the tropics and the wine grape Vitis vinifera which originated in southern Europe and southwestern Asia. Grape species occur in widely different geographical areas and show a great diversity of form. Their growth makes leaf collection challenging and polymorphic leaves make identification of species difficult. Mature grapevines can grow up to 48 centimetres (19 inches) in diameter at breast height and reach
141-439: A grape berry with the inflorescence turning into a cluster of grapes . While the flowers of the grapevines are usually very small, the berries are often large and brightly colored with sweet flavors that attract birds and other animals to disperse the seeds contained within the berries. Grapevines usually only produce fruit on shoots that came from buds that were developed during the previous growing season . In viticulture, this
188-499: A little of the characteristic "foxy" taste of V. labrusca . The Latin word Vitis is feminine, and therefore adjectival species names take feminine forms, such as V. vinifera . Phylloxera is an American root aphid that devastated V. vinifera vineyards in Europe when accidentally introduced in the late 19th century. Attempts were made to breed in resistance from American species, but many winemakers and customers did not like
235-535: A small amount of granite create a special floor. Most of the Hirkan National Park is located in the Astara region. The fauna of Astara include leopard , lynx , bear , forest cat , hedgehog , squirrel , badger , jackal , fox , wild boar , pheasants , wolves , goose , ducks , pigeons , thyme and so on. Astarachay River flows through the border between Azerbaijan and Iran. It flows into
282-453: A two-celled ovary each containing two ovules, thus normally producing four seeds per flower (or fewer by way of aborted embryos). Other parts of the vine include the tendrils which are leaf-opposed, branched in Vitis vinifera , and are used to support the climbing plant by twining onto surrounding structures such as branches or the trellising of a vine-training system . The genus Vitis
329-507: Is an ancient Russian town. It plays role of custom-house between Iran and Azerbaijan, as well as keeps its former peculiarity. Now it is just custom-house. Astara is exit of caravanserais and ships from Azerbaijan to Iran (Ardabil)". Famous French writer Alexander Duma gave interesting information about Astara as well. Astara District was established in 1930. In 1963, it was abolished as a district and its territory incorporated into Lankaran District and in 1965, its administrative district status
376-548: Is divided into two subgenera, Euvitis Planch. have 38 chromosomes (n=19) with berries borne on clusters and Muscadinia Planch. 40 (n=20) with small clusters. Wild grapes can resemble the single-seeded Menispermum canadense (moonseed), which is toxic. Most Vitis species are found mostly in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in North America and eastern Asia , exceptions being
423-539: Is known all over Azerbaijan. Astara is located in lowland and mountain zone. The region is surrounded by the rich Talish mountain range in the west. The district is famous for its dishes made of rare fish species from the Caspian Sea. The king of rare trees in the forests of Astara is iron tree. This tree has a strategic importance, besides giving beauty to these forests. Lime, orange, kiwi, kinkan, feijoa and other citrus fruits, especially rice are grown in Astara. In
470-583: Is located in Astara district. Istisu, Ağ körppü, Sım, Bi, Toradi, Şeyx Nəsrullah resorts of Astara have treating mineral water. Average temperature is -1.5◦ C - 4◦C in January, 15-25◦C in July. Annual rainfall is 1200–1750 mm. Astara shares boundaries with Iran ( Gilan Province ) in the south, Lankaran and Lerik districts in the north, the Talysh Mountains in the west and the Caspian Sea in
517-532: Is not certain. Plants of the World Online states 81 species are accepted, but lists 84. More than 65 species in Asia are poorly defined. Approximately 25 species are known in North America , and these were studied extensively in the late 1800s by German-American botanist George Englemann . By contrast, just one, V. vinifera has Eurasian origins. Some of the more notable species include: Plants of
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#1732775492533564-686: Is now famous for its environmentally friendly and high-quality rivers. In 2002 and subsequent years, Astara River was awarded the highest award and won a gold medal at the International Exhibitions held in Madrid , capital of Spain , an award in Moscow. There are two main theories for the etymology of the city's name. One is that it derived from the Persian or Talysh word آهسته رو ( Aste-ro or Aheste-ro ), meaning "the place where
611-668: Is one of the centers of production of silk in Azerbaijan. The best type of silk produced in Astarawas exported to Damascus , Bursa , Kashan and Venice . In the Middle Ages Astara was one of the religious, cultural and commercial centers in Azerbaijan. Especially pottery cultivation was the leading industry in the city. Later 13th century and earlier 14th century monetary was existed in the village of Mashkhan in Astara. Russian scientist A.M. Markov deeply investigated
658-520: Is one of the principles behind pruning the previous year's growth (or "One year old wood") that includes shoots that have turned hard and woody during the winter (after harvest in commercial viticulture). These vines will be pruned either into a cane which will support 8 to 15 buds or to a smaller spur which holds 2 to 3 buds. In the wild, all species of Vitis are normally dioecious , but under domestication, variants with perfect flowers appear to have been selected. Flower buds are formed late in
705-761: Is regarded as one of the Seven Species , and is employed several times in the Bible as a symbol of the Israelites as the chosen people . The grapevine has a prominent place in Jewish rituals : the wine was given a special blessing, "creator of the fruit of the vine", and the Kiddush blessing is recited over wine or grape juice on Shabbat and Jewish holidays . It is also employed in various parables and sayings in rabbinic literature . According to Josephus and
752-648: Is the "Stone Box Necropolis" in the village of Ezettd, from the early first millennium BCE, "Miki dolmen necropolis" in Miki village. Architectural monuments include a 12th-century tomb in Shahagaj village and Sheikh Mohammed Zalani's tomb in Burzubend village. There are more than 8,000 exhibits in the Astara Regional History and Ethnography Museum. Iron and Bronze Age include copper coins, mostly from
799-489: Is used as symbol of Jesus Christ based on his own statement, "I am the true vine (John 15:1)." In that sense, a vine is placed as sole symbol on the tomb of Constantia , the sister of Constantine the Great , and elsewhere. In Byzantine art , the vine and grapes figure in early mosaics , and on the throne of Maximianus of Ravenna it is used as a decoration. The vine and wheat ear have been frequently used as symbol of
846-481: Is very wooded with 37,000 ha (370 km ) of forests. Famous Juglans sigillata is a commonplace in Astara woods. Astarachay and Tangarud rivers that flow through the district start at Talysh Mountains which are in the western part of the district. Highest peaks are 200 m (660 ft) above sea level. The northeastern part of the district is lowlands. A part of the Hirkan National Park
893-540: The Arab world . There was Caravanserai with very ancient history in the village of Kapchimahalla located in the southwestern part of Astara. The results of the researches of the remains of this caravanserai showed that the caravanserai belongs to the 7th century. German traveler Hans Schillerberger (1394-1427), who traveled to different Eastern countries as well asto Azerbaijan, gave information onAstara's international trade relations in his notes. The traveler noted that Astara
940-545: The Caspian Sea in the second century, has given a clear overview on the geographical names, objects and settlements located on its shores. The names of many cities and villages belonging to Albania, as well as the name “Astara” (Greek: Astarata) are found on this map. Another scholar of the ancient world, Strabon also pointed out the name “Astara” in his "Historical Sketches" (Historicahypomnemata). British traveler and explorer Anthony Jenkinson (1529 – 1610/1611) visited
987-466: The Hirkan National Park is located in Astara. The annual rainfall here is over 1600 mm. "Yanar Bulag" complex, one of the geological objects in Astara, is located in the south of the village of Archivan, near the Alat-Astara highway. The spring water is rich with sulfur and methane gas. The spring is of great interest to both locals and tourists. “Istisu” (hot water), a herbal spring in Astara
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#17327754925331034-641: The Mishnah , a golden vine was hung over the inner chamber of the Second Temple . The grapevine is featured on Hasmonean and Bar Kokhba revolt coinage , and as a decoration in mosaic floors of ancient synagogues . In Christian iconography , the vine also frequently appears. It is mentioned several times in the New Testament . We have the parable of the kingdom of heaven likened to the father starting to engage laborers for his vineyard. The vine
1081-579: The thyrsus , the latter often entwined with vine branches. For the same reason, the Greek wine cup ( cantharos ) is commonly decorated with the vine and grapes, wine being drunk as a libation to the god. The grapevine has a profound symbolic meaning in Jewish tradition and culture since antiquity. It is referenced 55 times in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), along with grapes and wine, which are also frequently mentioned (55 and 19, respectively). It
1128-571: The 9th to 12th centuries. There are over 400 historical and architectural monuments in the district, among them a tower in Şindan village often called Babek tower, an ancient tower in Nudis village, Məşədi Abutalıb bath house, Hajı Teymur and Haji Jahanbakhish mosques in Pensər village, tomb in Şahağac village, Karbalayi Hamid Abdulla bath house in Ərçivan village. Ərçivan village has sulphur-rich springs which burn if ignited. There are stone monuments of
1175-523: The Caspian Sea. The length of the river is 38 km, the basin area is 242 square km. It takes its source from the Shingan fortress (1817 m high) in the Talysh Range. About 70% of annual flows is rain water, 22% is underground waters, and 8% is snow waters. Strong floods are observed in the spring months. The river is used in irrigation. The city's name is derived from the name of Astarachay. Astara
1222-554: The Northern Hemisphere. It is economically important as the source of grapes , both for direct consumption of the fruit and for fermentation to produce wine . The study and cultivation of grapevines is called viticulture . Most cultivated Vitis varieties are wind-pollinated with hermaphroditic flowers containing both male and female reproductive structures, while wild species are dioecious. These flowers are grouped in bunches called inflorescences . In many species, such as Vitis vinifera , each successfully pollinated flower becomes
1269-717: The Stone and Bronze Ages in Qapıçıməhəllə village. Ruins of 8th-century bridges in Sipiyəpart , Seləkəran , Lomin və Pəlikəş villages are a major tourist attraction. Ethnic groups in Astara (2019) According to the State Statistics Committee , as of 2018, the population of city recorded 107,600 persons, which increased by 22,300 persons (about 26 percent) from 85,300 persons in 2000. 54,100 of total population are men, 53,500 are women. More than 26 percent of
1316-433: The World Online also includes: There are many cultivars of grapevines; most are cultivars of V. vinifera . One of them includes, Vitis 'Ornamental Grape' . Hybrid grapes also exist, and these are primarily crosses between V. vinifera and one or more of V. labrusca , V. riparia or V. aestivalis . Hybrids tend to be less susceptible to frost and disease (notably phylloxera ), but wine from some hybrids may have
1363-495: The basis for homemade wines. Popular varieties include:- The following varieties have gained the Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit :- The fruit of several Vitis species are grown commercially for consumption as fresh grapes and for fermentation into wine . Vitis vinifera is the most important such species. The leaves of several species of grapevine are edible and are used in
1410-467: The book "Turkic countries" written by Hungarian traveler Armin Vanberin (1832-1913) was about Azerbaijan. The traveler mentioned in his book that he was in Astara and observed the local population who had beautiful folk patterns. Famous French scientist, archeologist and traveler Jak De Morgan (1856-1934) also visited Astara. He said that he was astonished at over ground and underground recourses: "Astara
1457-576: The coasts of the Caspian Sea in 1559 to establish trade relations between England and Bukhara . In 1562 he returned to London and published a book "Russia and Persia". He pointed out the names of the villages, settlements and residential areas located on the coasts of the Caspian in his book. The name Astara was mentioned as Stara in Greek in the book. Astara, which was located on historic Silk Road, established extensive trade relations with Middle East , Central Asia and Asia Minor , China , India and
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1504-488: The coins produced in Derbent, Shamakhi and Tabriz, as well as in Astara. He gave detailed information about monetary in Astara. The scientist proves that the cities, which names written on the coins are present-day Azerbaijani cities. The Hulakis, Jalaris, Teymuris, their successors that ruled in different periods, minted coins in the Astara monetary. Coins of Amir Teymur's period and next period with legend "Zarbe Astara" are
1551-609: The coins, minted in Astara. This was proved in the works of European scientists. 16 pattern of these coins preserved in the Historical Institute, the Tajikistan National Academy of Sciences at present. As of 1747 Astara was the capital of Talish district. Then the capital was moved from Astara to Lankaran . During moving many ancient construction and architecture objects, fortifications were destroyed. German traveler Adam Oleary (1599-1671), who
1598-421: The corresponding areas dedicated to grapes (regardless of the grapes' final destination): Grapevines are widely cultivated by gardeners, and numerous suppliers cater specifically for this trade. The plants are valued for their decorative foliage, often colouring brightly in autumn; their ability to clothe walls, pergolas and arches, thus providing shade; and their fruits, which may be eaten as dessert or provide
1645-453: The districts of Lankaran and Lerik , as well as the Ardabil and Gilan provinces of Iran . Its capital and largest city is Astara . As of 2020, the district had a population of 110,000. A famous mathematician, astronomer and geographer Alexandria Claudius Ptolomey (AD 100 – c. 170) was one of the oldest researchers who also visited the territory of Azerbaijan . He compiled a map of
1692-572: The east. The height of some peaks in the mountainous parts in Astara is 2000 m. Through the narrow lane on the Caspian coast anthropogenic sediments are spread, in the mountainous and foothills, the Paleogene sediments are spread. Two rivers- Tangar River and Astara River flows through the region. The forests cover about the area of 37,400 ha in Astara. The flora of Astara include chestnut oak, irontree, silk acacia, azat , as well as oak, hawthorn, peanut , walnut , golden gum, lime and so on. A part of
1739-431: The growing season and overwinter for blooming in spring of the next year. They produce leaf-opposed cymes . Vitis is distinguished from other genera of Vitaceae by having petals which remain joined at the tip and detach from the base to fall together as a calyptra or 'cap'. The flowers are pentamerous . The calyx is greatly reduced or nonexistent in most species. The fruit is a berry , ovoid in shape and juicy, with
1786-524: The lower parts of the woods there are evergreen branches, as well as elder ones. The Caucasian Cherry creates special jungles on slightly wet slopes. Caspian Shelter dominates in the area. On the slopes of the forests, the Lankaran stream, lime and many other trees create specially mixed woods. At a slight height above the sea surface, another type of maple forms the thick woods with peanut. On the lower floors of this type of forest, blackberries, chumshads, and
1833-457: The population (about 28,100 persons) consists of young people and teenagers aged 14–29. Astara is a major source for Azerbaijan's fishing industry. Having a long coastline and inner access to rivers, the district has access to many types of marketable fish. The pipeline coming from Abadan enters Azerbaijan in Astara. The district has a border crossing into Iran , with the Iranian half of
1880-530: The production of dolmades and Vietnamese lot leaves . The grapevine (typically Vitis vinifera ) has been used as a symbol since ancient times. In Greek mythology , Dionysus (called Bacchus by the Romans ) was god of the vintage and, therefore, a grapevine with bunches of the fruit are among his attributes. His attendants at the Bacchanalian festivals hence had the vine as an attribute, together with
1927-404: The town, also called Astara , on the other side of the river Astara. The Baku to Tehran bus stops in Astara. 38°30′N 48°40′E / 38.500°N 48.667°E / 38.500; 48.667 Grapevine Vitis ( grapevine ) is a genus of 81 accepted species of vining plants in the flowering plant family Vitaceae . The genus consists of species predominantly from
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1974-679: The travel gets slower" (given the marshlands that surrounded the region before). 102 of the district's monuments were included in the "Distribution of Real Property and Cultural Monuments to State Protection in the Territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan" in 2001 and issued an official inventory number. According to the decree, 26 monuments are of national significance, 48 architectural monuments of local significance, 2 are monumental memorial monuments, 21 are archaeological monuments of local importance, 5 decorative. The most ancient of these monuments
2021-575: The unusual flavour profile of the hybrid vines . However, V. vinifera grafts readily onto rootstocks of the American species and their hybrids with V. vinifera , and most commercial production of grapes now relies on such grafts. The black vine weevil is another root pest. Grapevines are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species. According to the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 75,866 square kilometres of
2068-457: The upper canopy of trees more than 35 metres (115 feet) in height. Many species are sufficiently closely related to allow easy interbreeding and the resultant interspecific hybrids are invariably fertile and vigorous. Thus the concept of a species is less well defined and more likely represents the identification of different ecotypes of Vitis that have evolved in distinct geographical and environmental circumstances. The exact number of species
2115-401: The world is dedicated to grapes. Approximately 71% of world grape production is used for wine, 27% as fresh fruit, and 2% as dried fruit. A portion of grape production goes to producing grape juice to be used as a sweetener for fruits canned "with no added sugar" and "100% natural". The area dedicated to vineyards is increasing by about 2% per year. The following list of top wine-producers shows
2162-433: Was also a scientist, visited Astara in 1638 and gave certain interesting information about its territory, residents and culture. The traveler pointed out in his notes that Astara was located on the shore of the Caspian Sea. There were very large grapevines. Strabon also wrote this fact in his book. According to Strabon, one small grapevine yielded a basket of harvest in the places, named Hikaniya at that time. A big chapter of
2209-466: Was restored. Overall area of the district is 616.4 km (238.0 sq mi). Its population is 95,300 people. The district's capital, Astara is a small picturesque Caspian port town, on the Azerbaijan - Iran border, capital of Azerbaijan 's southernmost district. Coming southbound from Lankaran , there is a giant samovar by the road welcoming visitors to the district. Astara district
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