60-671: Shuyang ( simplified Chinese : 沭阳县 ; traditional Chinese : 沭陽縣 ; pinyin : Shùyáng Xiàn ) is a county in northern Jiangsu province. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Suqian . Shuyang sits on the Northern Jiangsu Plains and borders the cities of Xuzhou , Lianyungang , and Huai'an to the north, east, and south. Shuyang is a pilot administrative division for "provinces governing county level units directly" in Jiangsu, along with Kunshan and Taixing . The name of “Shuyang”
120-443: A component—either a character or a sub-component called a radical —usually involves either a reduction in its total number of strokes , or an apparent streamlining of which strokes are chosen in what places—for example, the ⼓ ' WRAP ' radical used in the traditional character 沒 is simplified to ⼏ ' TABLE ' to form the simplified character 没 . By systematically simplifying radicals, large swaths of
180-434: A conversion table. While exercising such derivation, the following rules should be observed: Sample Derivations : The Series One List of Variant Characters reduces the number of total standard characters. First, amongst each set of variant characters sharing identical pronunciation and meaning, one character (usually the simplest in form) is elevated to the standard character set, and the rest are made obsolete. Then amongst
240-407: A few revised forms, and was implemented for official use by China's State Council on 5 June 2013. In Chinese, simplified characters are referred to by their official name 简化字 ; jiǎnhuàzì , or colloquially as 简体字 ; jiǎntǐzì . The latter term refers broadly to all character variants featuring simplifications of character form or structure, a practice which has always been present as
300-401: A higher-level administrative units, the borders of a town would typically include an urban core (a small town with the population on the order of 10,000 people), as well as rural area with some villages ( 村 ; cūn , or 庄 ; zhuāng ). A typical provincial map would merely show a town as a circle centered at its urban area and labeled with its name, while a more detailed one (e.g., a map of
360-402: A metropolitan population of more than 560,000, according to the 2010 Chinese Census . Major areas of population growth in recent years were in suburbs like Nanhu and Mengxi, which are now a part of the metropolitan area. In 2015, the urban area was expected to have a population of approximately 800,000. Some 30% of the population of the whole region are residents of the metropolitan area. During
420-610: A newly coined phono-semantic compound : Removing radicals Only retaining single radicals Replacing with ancient forms or variants : Adopting ancient vulgar variants : Readopting abandoned phonetic-loan characters : Copying and modifying another traditional character : Based on 132 characters and 14 components listed in Chart 2 of the Complete List , the 1,753 derived characters found in Chart 3 can be created by systematically simplifying components using Chart 2 as
480-573: A part of the Chinese writing system. The official name tends to refer to the specific, systematic set published by the Chinese government, which includes not only simplifications of individual characters, but also a substantial reduction in the total number of characters through the merger of formerly distinct forms. According to Chinese palaeographer Qiu Xigui , the broadest trend in the evolution of Chinese characters over their history has been simplification, both in graphical shape ( 字形 ; zìxíng ),
540-427: A provincial atlas - would label the county seat location with both the name of the county (e.g., 通山县 ; Tōngshān xiàn ) and, below, and in a smaller font, with the name of the township (e.g., 通羊镇 ; Tōngyáng zhèn ). Intercity buses, trains, or riverboats destined to, or stopping at a county seat may designate its destination either by the name of the county or the name of the county-seat township. In contrast to
600-558: A quarter of China's national reserves. Agriculture in Shuyang County is highly digitalized, and the county is home to numerous so-called " Taobao villages", where a large portion of the rural population is highly engaged in e-commerce . There are over 1.7 million people in Shuyang who speak a subdialect of Lower Yangtze Mandarin , called Haisi Dialect. Like most of Lower Yangtze Mandarin , Haisi dialect has five tones due to
660-419: A single county-level division) would also show the borders dividing the county or county-level city into towns ( 镇 ) and/or township ( 乡 ) and subdistrict (街道) units. The town in which the county level government, and usually the division's main urban area), are located is often not marked on less-detailed maps, because its location is usually labeled with the name of the county level division rather than
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#1732771963328720-440: Is actually more complex than eliminated ones. An example is the character 搾 which is eliminated in favor of the variant form 榨 . The 扌 'HAND' with three strokes on the left of the eliminated 搾 is now seen as more complex, appearing as the ⽊ 'TREE' radical 木 , with four strokes, in the chosen variant 榨 . Not all characters standardised in the simplified set consist of fewer strokes. For instance,
780-454: Is derived. Merging homophonous characters: Adapting cursive shapes ( 草書楷化 ): Replacing a component with a simple arbitrary symbol (such as 又 and 乂 ): Omitting entire components : Omitting components, then applying further alterations : Structural changes that preserve the basic shape Replacing the phonetic component of phono-semantic compounds : Replacing an uncommon phonetic component : Replacing entirely with
840-557: Is in the North China Plain , located approximately 260 kilometres (160 mi) from Nanjing , and 450 kilometres (280 mi) from the center of Shanghai . The county stretches 60 kilometres (37 mi) from east to west, and 55 kilometres (34 mi) from north to south. Shuyang is located in a low-lying plain, with most of its elevation reaching just 4.5 metres (15 ft) to 7 metres (23 ft) above sea level. Mount Han ( Chinese : 韩山 ; pinyin : Hán Shān )
900-813: Is now discouraged. A State Language Commission official cited "oversimplification" as the reason for restoring some characters. The language authority declared an open comment period until 31 August 2009, for feedback from the public. In 2013, the List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters was published as a revision of the 1988 lists; it included a total of 8105 characters. It included 45 newly recognized standard characters that were previously considered variant forms, as well as official approval of 226 characters that had been simplified by analogy and had seen wide use but were not explicitly given in previous lists or documents. Singapore underwent three successive rounds of character simplification , eventually arriving at
960-623: Is referred to as the " big seal script ". The traditional narrative, as also attested in the Shuowen Jiezi dictionary ( c. 100 AD ), is that the Qin small seal script that would later be imposed across China was originally derived from the Zhou big seal script with few modifications. However, the body of epigraphic evidence comparing the character forms used by scribes gives no indication of any real consolidation in character forms prior to
1020-530: Is the highest point in Shuyang County, with an elevation of 70 metres (230 ft) above sea level. It is located within the east of the county, in the town of Hanshan [ zh ] . Shuyang has a distinct four-season, monsoon -influenced humid subtropical climate with hot, humid summers, and generally mild, dry winters ( Köppen climate classification Cfa). Winters are generally mild and dry. However, cold northwesterly winds from Mongolia and Siberia can cause temperatures to drop below freezing in
1080-466: Is the standard English translation of the Chinese 镇 (traditional: 鎮 ; pinyin : zhèn ; Wade–Giles : chen ). The Constitution of the People's Republic of China classifies towns as third-level administrative units, along with, for example, townships ( Chinese : 乡 ; pinyin : xiāng ). A township is typically smaller in population and more remote than a town. Similarly to
1140-547: Is used instead of 叠 in regions using traditional characters. The Chinese government stated that it wished to keep Chinese orthography stable. The Chart of Generally Utilized Characters of Modern Chinese was published in 1988 and included 7000 simplified and unsimplified characters. Of these, half were also included in the revised List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese , which specified 2500 common characters and 1000 less common characters. In 2009,
1200-831: The Longhai railway and Jiaozhou–Xinyi railway in the north with the Nanjing–Qidong railway , Beijing–Shanghai railway , and Xuancheng–Hangzhou railway in the south. Shuyang railway station , near the metropolitan area, is a third class station on the Xinyi-Changxing Railway. Navigable rivers within Shuyang County include the Shu River , the Shuxin River [ zh ] , the Liutang River ( Chinese : 六塘河 ; pinyin : Liùtáng Hé ),
1260-768: The Qiangwei River [ zh ] , and the Gupo River ( Chinese : 古泊河 ; pinyin : Gǔpō Hé ). The Lianyungang-Suqian Canal connects the Lianyungang Port and the Grand Canal is under construction. Simplified Chinese characters Simplified Chinese characters are one of two standardized character sets widely used to write the Chinese language , with the other being traditional characters . Their mass standardization during
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#17327719633281320-672: The Republic of China , the economy of Shuyang County was negatively impacted by the Japanese invasion of China and frequent floods. In the 1950s, the local economy developed rapidly, benefitting from the post-war recovery and further development of agriculture and industry in the region. However, Shuyang County was of decreasing economic importance within Jiangsu from the time of the Cultural Revolution onwards. In 1997, under
1380-1156: The "Dot" stroke : The traditional components ⺥ and 爫 become ⺈ : The traditional component 奐 becomes 奂 : Towns of China Provinces Autonomous regions Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures Autonomous prefectures Leagues (Aimag) (abolishing) Prefectures Provincial-controlled cities Provincial-controlled counties Autonomous counties County-level cities Districts Ethnic districts Banners (Hoxu) Autonomous banners Shennongjia Forestry District Liuzhi Special District Wolong Special Administrative Region Workers and peasants districts Ethnic townships Towns Subdistricts Subdistrict bureaux Sum Ethnic sum County-controlled districts County-controlled district bureaux (obsolete) Management committees Town-level city Areas Villages · Gaqa · Ranches Village Committees Communities Capital cities New areas Autonomous administrative divisions National Central Cities History: before 1912 , 1912–49 , 1949–present When referring to political divisions of China , town
1440-459: The "external appearances of individual graphs", and in graphical form ( 字体 ; 字體 ; zìtǐ ), "overall changes in the distinguishing features of graphic[al] shape and calligraphic style, [...] in most cases refer[ring] to rather obvious and rather substantial changes". The initiatives following the founding of the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) to universalize the use of their small seal script across
1500-482: The 1986 General List of Simplified Chinese Characters , hereafter the General List . All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Chart 1 and Chart 2 in the 1986 Complete List . Characters in both charts are structurally simplified based on similar set of principles. They are separated into two charts to clearly mark those in Chart 2 as 'usable as simplified character components', based on which Chart 3
1560-520: The 1986 mainland China revisions. Unlike in mainland China, Singapore parents have the option of registering their children's names in traditional characters. Malaysia also promulgated a set of simplified characters in 1981, though completely identical to the mainland Chinese set. They are used in Chinese-language schools. All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Charts 1 and 2 of
1620-511: The 20th century was part of an initiative by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to promote literacy, and their use in ordinary circumstances on the mainland has been encouraged by the Chinese government since the 1950s. They are the official forms used in mainland China and Singapore , while traditional characters are officially used in Hong Kong , Macau , and Taiwan . Simplification of
1680-470: The Chinese government published a major revision to the list which included a total of 8300 characters. No new simplifications were introduced. In addition, slight modifications to the orthography of 44 characters to fit traditional calligraphic rules were initially proposed, but were not implemented due to negative public response. Also, the practice of unrestricted simplification of rare and archaic characters by analogy using simplified radicals or components
1740-417: The administration of Qiu He , the government of Suqian , which governs Shuyang County, began undergoing economic reforms focusing on industrialization and privatization. As of 2018, Shuyang County had a total gross domestic product (GDP) of more than 80 billion renminbi (RMB). Mineral resources within Shuyang County include kyanite , quartz , and clay . The county's kyanite reserves account for about
1800-579: The area around the north of Jiangsu was inhabited by the Dongyi , an ancient ethnic group that established numerous city-states. The area around Shuyang belonged to Tan [ zh ] ( 郯 ), one of the Dongyi states. In the late period of the Zhou Dynasty, that is Spring and Autumn period , the State of Lu began to expand its power to the south. Part of the region was officially proclaimed as
1860-428: The character set are altered. Some simplifications were based on popular cursive forms that embody graphic or phonetic simplifications of the traditional forms. In addition, variant characters with identical pronunciation and meaning were reduced to a single standardized character, usually the simplest among all variants in form. Finally, many characters were left untouched by simplification and are thus identical between
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1920-407: The chosen variants, those that appear in the "Complete List of Simplified Characters" are also simplified in character structure accordingly. Some examples follow: Sample reduction of equivalent variants : Ancient variants with simple structure are preferred : Simpler vulgar forms are also chosen : The chosen variant was already simplified in Chart 1 : In some instances, the chosen variant
1980-473: The country's writing system as a serious impediment to its modernization. In 1916, a multi-part English-language article entitled "The Problem of the Chinese Language" co-authored by the Chinese linguist Yuen Ren Chao (1892–1982) and poet Hu Shih (1891–1962) has been identified as a turning point in the history of the Chinese script—as it was one of the first clear calls for China to move away from
2040-543: The dialect in words, pronunciation, and grammar. Approximately 95% of the population of Shuyang County expressed no religious affiliation, according to the 2010 Chinese Census . It has been unverified when the Buddhism was first introduced to Shuyang County. It might have been introduced to this region around the 2nd century to the 3rd century by sea. The oldest temple in Shuyang is the Qingliang Temple, which
2100-476: The early 20th century. In 1909, the educator and linguist Lufei Kui formally proposed the use of simplified characters in education for the first time. Over the following years—marked by the 1911 Xinhai Revolution that toppled the Qing dynasty , followed by growing social and political discontent that further erupted into the 1919 May Fourth Movement —many anti-imperialist intellectuals throughout China began to see
2160-431: The first emperor of China. Houqiu County ( 厚丘县 ) was founded for administrating the region and the governments of later dynasties generally followed this pattern. In 549 AD, the imperial government of Eastern Wei abandoned the old castle and city wall and moved the local government into a new county seat near the north of Shu River . In the meantime, the county was changed to the present name, Shuyang County ( 沭阳县 ). In
2220-634: The first official list of simplified forms was published, consisting of 324 characters collated by Peking University professor Qian Xuantong . However, fierce opposition within the KMT resulted in the list being rescinded in 1936. Work throughout the 1950s resulted in the 1956 promulgation of the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme , a draft of 515 simplified characters and 54 simplified components, whose simplifications would be present in most compound characters. Over
2280-463: The first round—but was massively unpopular and never saw consistent use. The second round of simplifications was ultimately retracted officially in 1986, well after they had largely ceased to be used due to their unpopularity and the confusion they caused. In August 2009, China began collecting public comments for a revised list of simplified characters; the resulting List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters lists 8,105 characters, including
2340-404: The following 1400 years, the location of the county seat was kept constant. As the main natural disaster in northern Jiangsu, rain storms and floods were the principal threat to the county in the old days. The castle and city wall of Shuyang was totally destroyed up to the middle of the 15th century. The government rebuilt the city wall until 1512 and was ruined by the floods subsequently. In 1594,
2400-575: The following 6 subdistricts: The county administers the following 23 towns: The sole township in Shuyang County is Xixu Township [ zh ] . Shuyang County also administers the Shuyang Economic and Technological Development Zone and the Kunshan Industrial Park ( 昆山工业园区 ). As of 2010, Shuyang County had a population of approximately 1.83 million, making it the most populous county in Jiangsu . Shuyang had
2460-475: The following decade, the Script Reform Committee deliberated on characters in the 1956 scheme, collecting public input regarding the recognizability of variants, and often approving forms in small batches. Parallel to simplification, there were also initiatives aimed at eliminating the use of characters entirely and replacing them with pinyin as an official Chinese alphabet, but this possibility
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2520-458: The founding of the Qin. The Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) that inherited the Qin administration coincided with the perfection of clerical script through the process of libian . Eastward spread of Western learning Though most closely associated with the People's Republic, the idea of a mass simplification of character forms first gained traction in China during
2580-466: The increased usage of 朙 was followed by proliferation of a third variant: 眀 , with 目 'eye' on the left—likely derived as a contraction of 朙 . Ultimately, 明 became the character's standard form. The Book of Han (111 AD) describes an earlier attempt made by King Xuan of Zhou ( d. 782 BC ) to unify character forms across the states of ancient China , with his chief chronicler having "[written] fifteen chapters describing" what
2640-465: The left, with the 月 'Moon' component on the right. Li Si ( d. 208 BC ), the Chancellor of Qin, attempted to universalize the Qin small seal script across China following the wars that had politically unified the country for the first time. Li prescribed the 朙 form of the word for 'bright', but some scribes ignored this and continued to write the character as 明 . However,
2700-401: The local government started to rebuild a substantial one with plenty of bricks and stones and it was finished in 1616. In the early modern period , life in this region was recognised as peaceful and stable for most of the time. The area was invaded by Imperial Japan in 1937. The ancient city wall and other pieces historic architecture were devastated at the beginning of the war. Shuyang
2760-402: The most prominent Chinese authors of the 20th century, stated that "if Chinese characters are not destroyed, then China will die" ( 漢字不滅，中國必亡 ). During the 1930s and 1940s, discussions regarding simplification took place within the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) party. Many members of the Chinese intelligentsia maintained that simplification would increase literacy rates throughout the country. In 1935,
2820-529: The name of the actual town into which this urban area falls. For example, the county government of Tongshan County is located in Tongyang Town ( 通羊镇 ; Tōngyáng zhèn ), but the maps would normally show it with a circle labeled "Tongshan County" ( 通山县 ) or simply "Tongshan" ( 通山 ). Road signs would also normally show distance to "Tongshan" rather than "Tongyang". On the other hand, more detailed maps - e.g., maps of individual prefecture-level cities in
2880-402: The night, and there has been occasional snowfall in winters in recent years. Summers are hot and humid; southeasterly winds during the summer can push temperatures above 35 °C (95 °F). In midsummer, occasional downpours or thunderstorms can be expected. Shuyang County administers 6 subdistricts , 23 towns , 1 township , and 2 other township-level divisions . The county administers
2940-537: The preservation of the entering tone ( Chinese : 入声 ; pinyin : rù shēng ) of Middle Chinese , more than the four-toned Standard Chinese which lost the entering tone . The dialect of Haisi has largely lost the initial n, replacing it with l, and the retention of the entering tone sets it apart from other Mandarin dialects. Speakers of the dialect can easily understand other varieties of Mandarin , but not vice versa. As Standard Chinese becomes increasingly powerful in social life, it has largely impacted on
3000-430: The public and quickly fell out of official use. It was ultimately formally rescinded in 1986. The second-round simplifications were unpopular in large part because most of the forms were completely new, in contrast to the familiar variants comprising the majority of the first round. With the rescission of the second round, work toward further character simplification largely came to an end. In 1986, authorities retracted
3060-465: The recently conquered parts of the empire is generally seen as being the first real attempt at script reform in Chinese history. Before the 20th century, variation in character shape on the part of scribes, which would continue with the later invention of woodblock printing , was ubiquitous. For example, prior to the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) the character meaning 'bright' was written as either 明 or 朙 —with either 日 'Sun' or 囧 'window' on
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#17327719633283120-481: The same set of simplified characters as mainland China. The first round was promulgated by the Ministry of Education in 1969, consisting of 498 simplified characters derived from 502 traditional characters. A second round of 2287 simplified characters was promulgated in 1974. The second set contained 49 differences from the mainland China system; these were removed in the final round in 1976. In 1993, Singapore adopted
3180-467: The second round completely, though they had been largely fallen out of use within a year of their initial introduction. That year, the authorities also promulgated a final version of the General List of Simplified Chinese Characters . It was identical to the 1964 list save for 6 changes—including the restoration of 3 characters that had been simplified in the first round: 叠 , 覆 , 像 ; the form 疊
3240-700: The territory of the State of Lu in 582 BC after the fortress "Zhongcheng" ( 中城 ), was built on the northwest. This is also the first city in this place in accordance with ‘The Spring and Autumn Annals ’, which was compiled by Confucius . In the Warring States period , the Chu conquered and controlled the land of this area. After Qin's wars of unification , the Qin Dynasty was established by Qin Shi Huang ,
3300-427: The traditional and simplified Chinese orthographies. The Chinese government has never officially announced the completion of the simplification process after the bulk of characters were introduced by the 1960s. In the wake of the Cultural Revolution , a second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977—largely composed of entirely new variants intended to artificially lower the stroke count, in contrast to
3360-833: The traditional character 強 , with 11 strokes is standardised as 强 , with 12 strokes, which is a variant character. Such characters do not constitute simplified characters. The new standardized character forms shown in the Characters for Publishing and revised through the Common Modern Characters list tend to adopt vulgar variant character forms. Since the new forms take vulgar variants, many characters now appear slightly simpler compared to old forms, and as such are often mistaken as structurally simplified characters. Some examples follow: The traditional component 釆 becomes 米 : The traditional component 囚 becomes 日 : The traditional "Break" stroke becomes
3420-522: The use of characters entirely. Instead, Chao proposed that the language be written with an alphabet, which he saw as more logical and efficient. The alphabetization and simplification campaigns would exist alongside one another among the Republican intelligentsia for the next several decades. Recent commentators have echoed some contemporary claims that Chinese characters were blamed for the economic problems in China during that time. Lu Xun , one of
3480-464: Was abandoned, confirmed by a speech given by Zhou Enlai in 1958. In 1965, the PRC published the List of Commonly Used Characters for Printing [ zh ] (hereafter Characters for Printing ), which included standard printed forms for 6196 characters, including all of the forms from the 1956 scheme. A second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977, but was poorly received by
3540-754: Was built before the 9th century. In 1921, the Presbyterian Church in the United States started missionary work in Shuyang County. The current church was built in 1993 in the north of the urban area. The second church was to be opened in 2014. Huaihai opera is sung in the region. Major roads which run through Shuyang County include the G2 Beijing–Shanghai Expressway , China National Highway 205 , and Jiangsu Provincial Roads 245, 304, 324, and 326. The Xinyi–Changxing railway runs through Shuyang County. The railway connects
3600-477: Was first officially used in 549 AD during Eastern Wei . The two Chinese characters in the county's name are “沭” and “阳”, together meaning “in the north of the Shu River ”. As the government and commercial center, the county seat was chosen to be constructed in the north of Shuhe River in 549 AD in order to control the land around the river basin. Prior to its proclamation as the Zhou Dynasty in 1111 BC,
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