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20-521: The foundations for their fortunes in Muscovite service were laid by Prince Vasily Vasilievich "Bledny" ("the Pale"), who was dispatched by Ivan III to govern Pskov and then Nizhny Novgorod (1478–80). The following year, he devastated Livonia and was sent as a governor to Novgorod . In 1487, he was recorded as leading a Russian contingent against Kazan . The Shuyskys represented a senior line among

40-473: A cadet line of the family, commanded the defence of Pskov during its prolonged siege by Stefan Báthory . Tsar Feodor , upon making Ivan Petrovich his military advisor, devolved on him enormous revenues supplied by Pskov 's merchants. Soon enough, however, the Pskovian hero was found guilty of conspiring against Boris Godunov and exiled into Belozersk , where he died on November 16, 1588. The last of

60-438: A common way of keeping the family's wealth intact and reducing familial disputes, it did so at the expense of younger sons and their descendants. Both before and after a state legal default of inheritance by primogeniture, younger brothers sometimes vied with older brothers to be chosen as their father's heir or, after the choice was made, sought to usurp the elder's birthright. In such cases, primary responsibility for promoting

80-667: A profession such as law, religion, academia, military service or government office. Some cadet branches came to inherit the crown of the senior line, e.g. the Bourbon Counts of Vendôme mounted the throne of France (after civil war) in 1593; the House of Savoy-Carignan succeeded to the kingdoms of Sardinia (1831) and Italy (1861); the Counts Palatine of Zweibrücken obtained the Palatine Electorate of

100-547: A small appenage ) to pass on to future generations of descendants. In families and cultures in which that was not the custom or law, such as the feudal Holy Roman Empire , the equal distribution of the family's holdings among male members was eventually apt to so fragment the inheritance as to render it too small to sustain the descendants at the socio-economic level of their forefather. Moreover, brothers and their descendants sometimes quarreled over their allocations, or even became estranged. While agnatic primogeniture became

120-497: The 4th Muscovite-Lithuanian War . Six years later, Vasily Nemoy led a Russian expedition along the Volga against Kazan . Upon the death of Vasily III's widow, Elena Glinskaya , he challenged the authority of Prince Ivan Belsky , procured his incarceration, married Anastasia of Kazan ( Ivan III 's granddaughter), and proclaimed himself regent for Vasily III's heir, the young Ivan IV , in 1538. Vasily Nemoy died later that year, and

140-821: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania . During the later part of Ivan IV 's reign, the Shuyskys stood aloof from the macabre politics of the Oprichnina . Probably the most skillful of Ivan's generals was Prince Alexander Borisovich Gorbaty-Shuysky , who advised the Tsar on military reform in the 1550s and presided over the Russian army during the siege and capture of Kazan in 1552. He was executed on fabricated charges in February 1565. Prince Ivan Petrovich Shuysky , also from

160-414: The male-line descendants of a monarch 's or patriarch 's younger sons ( cadets ). In the ruling dynasties and noble families of much of Europe and Asia , the family's major assets ( realm , titles , fiefs , property and income) have historically been passed from a father to his firstborn son in what is known as primogeniture ; younger sons, the cadets, inherited less wealth and authority (such as

180-625: The Rhine (1799) and the Kingdom of Bavaria (1806); and a deposed Duke of Nassau was restored to sovereignty in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (1890). In other cases, a junior branch came to eclipse more senior lines in rank and power, e.g. the Electors and Kings of Saxony who were a younger branch of the House of Wettin than the Grand Dukes of Saxe-Weimar . A still more junior branch of

200-521: The Russian Shuyskys were four brothers - Vasily Ivanovich Shuysky (briefly Russian Tsar as Vasily IV), Dmitry Ivanovich Shuisky (infamous for having poisoned his brilliant cousin, Prince Mikhail Vasilyevich Skopin-Shuysky ), Alexander Ivanovich Shuysky , and Ivan Ivanovich Shuysky "Pugovka" ("the Button"). All four were boyars and grandsons of Andrey Mikhailovich. The last scion of

220-593: The Wettins , headed by the rulers of the small Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , would, through diplomacy or marriage in the 19th and 20th centuries, obtain or consort and sire the royal crowns of, successively, Belgium , Portugal , Bulgaria and the Commonwealth realms . Also, marriage to cadet males of the Houses of Oldenburg (Holstein-Gottorp), Polignac , and Bourbon-Parma brought those dynasties patrilineally to

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240-456: The anger and frustration of the young sovereign, thus sowing seeds for his future wide-scale crackdown on the Russian nobility . In one of his letters to Prince Kurbsky , Ivan painfully recalls that Prince Andrey Shuysky had put his dirty boots on his bed. The matter ended with Andrey being thrown into a cell full of hungry dogs and devoured by them (1543). In 1540, Metropolitan Joasaphus managed to recall Ivan Belsky from exile, helping him clear

260-457: The court of the Shuyskys. Two years later, Ivan Shuysky instigated a military revolt and again gained power. He had Macarius elected the new metropolitan and regent, but Macarius gradually ousted him from the Kremlin and persuaded him to resign his powers. Ivan Vasilevich Shuysky died in semi-obscurity in 1546. Andrey Mikhailovich's elder brother, Prince Ivan Mikhailovich Pleten' , was one of

280-642: The descendants of Vsevolod the Big Nest and therefore treated the ruling princes of Muscovy, who were descended from a junior line, with arrogance. Vasily Bledny's grand nephew, Prince Vasily Vasilievich "Nemoy" ("the Mute") was Grand Prince Vasily III 's taciturn aide-de-camp who accompanied him on every military campaign and became an éminence grise of Muscovite politics. In 1517, he defeated forces of Poland and Lithuania under Konstantin Ostrogski as part of

300-448: The family's prestige, aggrandizement, and fortune fell upon the senior branch for future generations. A cadet, having less means, was not expected to produce a family. If a cadet chose to raise a family, its members were expected to maintain the family's social status by avoiding derogation , but could pursue endeavors too demeaning or too risky for the senior branch, such as emigration to another sovereign's realm, engagement in commerce, or

320-537: The family, Ivan Pugovka, was put in charge of the courts in Moscow during the reign of his brother-in-law Vasily IV. Pugovka outlived his brothers after he was taken with them into captivity in Poland as a result of Vasily IV 's fall in 1610, and managed to return and marry a sister of Tsarina Maria Dolgorukova . It is unknown if the family is extinct, with the remaining records being in 1638, and if so they would still have

340-560: The leading Muscovite generals between 1531 and his death in 1559. During the regency of Elena Glinskaya he served as the governor of Moscow and of Kholmogory . In 1540, he was put in charge of the Russian army operating in Livonia . In 1542 he routed the Crimean Tatars . Two years later, he was recorded as operating against Kazan . In the late 1540s, he administered the royal palaces. In 1553, Ivan Pleten' signed an armistice with

360-665: The power of the regency devolved upon his younger brother, Prince Ivan Vasilievich Shuysky , who began his rule by ousting Metropolitan Daniel from office and contriving the election of Joasaphus Skripitsin as the new head of the Russian Orthodox Church . He also released from prison his cousin, Prince Andrey Mikhailovich , who had governed Yugoria and Nizhny Novgorod during Vasily III's reign before having been incarcerated on charges of high treason. Pending Ivan IV 's majority, Ivan and Andrey were de facto rulers of Russia. Their arrogant and unruly behavior provoked

380-798: The same name but spelled it a different way. Ivan Dmitrievich "Gubka" (the Sponge) Szujski's descendants received an Jasnahorodka estate (near Makariv ), and one branch reportedly survives in Poland , who do not use their title. Ivan III Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.133 via cp1102 cp1102, Varnish XID 548151473 Upstream caches: cp1102 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 05:43:08 GMT Cadet branch A cadet branch consists of

400-482: The thrones of Russia , Monaco , and Luxembourg, respectively. The Dutch royal house has, at different times, been a cadet branch of Mecklenburg and Lippe(-Biesterfeld). In the Commonwealth realms, the male-line descendants of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh are cadet members of the House of Glücksburg . It was a risk that cadet branches maintaining legal heirs could sink in status because shrunken wealth that

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