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27-650: There is a contemporary Kurdish tribe named Shabankara in Kermanshah Province . Abu Tahir ibn Muhammad, a descendant from the Shabankara went on to found the Kurdish Hazaraspid dynasty in the 12th century. Several scholars consider the Shabankara as being ethnic Kurdish. However, Potts contested their Kurdish origin and argued that "Kurd" was a generic late-Antiquity non-ethnic term for Iranian nomads. Andrew Peacock also questioned whether

54-650: A British Army officer , was stationed there at the time of her birth. Mirza Ahmad Khan Motazed-Dowleh Vaziri created the first printing office and founded the first private school of Kermanshahan. Guity Novin a painter and a graphic designer who has founded the Transpressionism movement was born in Kermanshah. The famous Sufi Scholar, Abdul Qader Gailani , was born in the region. Bisitun Cave Bisitun Cave (also called "Hunter's cave", Bisotun [Farsi], Bisetoun [Kurdish], Bisitoun, or Behistoun)

81-461: A type of Persian carpet named after the region. It also has famous sweets made of rice, locally known as Nan-e berenji . The other famous Kermanshahi good is a special kind of oil, locally known as Rüne Dân and globally in Iran known as Roghan Kermanshahi . The Giveh of Kermanshah known as Klash is the highest quality Giveh. Various attractions exist that date from the pre-Islamic era, such as

108-482: Is 525 km. It is the trade center of rich agricultural region that produces grain, rice, vegetable, fruits, and oilseeds, and there are many industrial centers, oil and sugar refineries, and cement, textile and flour factories, etc. The airport ( Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani Airport ) is located in north east of the city, and the distance from Tehran is 413 km by air. Kermanshah Province has 371 km of common border with Iraq.There are five official border markets in

135-590: Is an archaeological site of prehistoric human habitation in the Zagros Mountains in the Kermanshah province , north-west Iran . Bisitun Cave is one of five caves situated at the base of The Rock of Bisitun, a 1,300 m (4,300 ft) high cliff within the Chamchamal Plain. It was first excavated in 1949 by Carlton Coon , and is notable for the discovery of Mousterian stone tools of

162-544: The Kohneh Bridge , to contemporary parks and museums. Some of the more popular sites are: One of the renowned scientists and writers of this region is Al-Dinawari who was born at Dinawar north-east of Kermanshah . He lived in the 9th century and has written many books in astronomy , botany and history. Notable people born in Kermansha include British author, Nobel prize winner, Doris Lessing , whose father,

189-566: The Middle Paleolithic sites in the region. Kermanshah also has many Neolithic sites, of which the most well-known are Ganj Dareh , Sarab , and Asiab. At Ganj Dareh , the earliest evidence for goat domestication have been documented. In May 2009, based on a research conducted by the University of Hamedan and UCL , the head of Archeology Research Center of Iran's Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization announced that

216-480: The Middle Paleolithic , as well as the remains of 109 identifiable species of Pleistocene mammals, and hominid remains. Harold Dibble described the stone tools as having strong Levallois components. All artefacts are apparently from the same period. It has not been possible to discern a geological age of the Middle Paleolithic levels at Bisitun Cave. However, the relative abundance of Cervus in

243-713: The Oghuz Turks , but lost it to a local rebellion and an oghuzz counter-offensive. Finally the atabeg of Fars, Sad ibn Zengi defeated the Shabankara. In 1260, the Mongol invasor Hulegu destroyed Ig and killed the Shabankara chief Muzaffar al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Mubariz in 1260. In 1312, the Shabankara rebelled against the Ilkhans but were defeated. In 1355, the Muzzafarid Mubariz al din send his son Mahmud against

270-682: The Ottoman invasion. During the Iran–Iraq War the province suffered heavy fighting. Most towns and cities were badly damaged and some like Sar-e Pol-e Zahab and Qhasr-e-Shirin were almost completely destroyed. The November 2017 Iran–Iraq earthquake killed more than 600 people. On 28 December 2017, Kermanshah became one of several Iranian provinces to break out into protests. The Supreme Leader of Iran has blamed western interference. Some female organizations such as The National Council of Resistance of Iran ( NCRI ) have taken partial credit for

297-633: The Sassanid dynasty during the 4th century CE. Kermanshah reached a peak during the reign of Hormizd IV and Khosrau I of Sassanids, before being demoted to a secondary royal residence. The city suffered major damage during the Arab invasions but recovered in the Safavid period to make great progress. Concurrent with the Afghan attack and the fall of Isfahan , Kermanshah was almost completely destroyed by

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324-460: The Shabankara were actually Kurdish. Moreover, other modern scholars point out that during the medieval era, "Kurd" was a social label and should not be construed as an ethnic designation. The Ramanid branch of the Shabankara rose in power with their chief Fadluya . He was the son of the Shabankara chief Ali bin al-Hassan, and rose to the ranks of the Buyid Army, in the service of Sahib-i Adil,

351-410: The capital include Eslamabad-e Gharb , Gilan-e Gharb , Harsin , Javanrud , Kangavar , Paveh , Qasr-e Shirin , Ravansar , Sahneh , Sarpol-e Zahab , and Sonqor . As it is situated between two cold and warm regions, Kermanshah Province enjoys a moderate and mountainous climate. It rains most in winter and is moderately warm in summer. The annual rainfall is 500 mm. The average temperature in

378-486: The chief Ardashir, who refused to follow his orders. The chief was defeated and his country was taken by the Muzzafarid. It is possible that the Shabankara has local power until 1424. At their court, the Shabankara manifested a combination of strict Sunni orthodoxy and ancient Persian customs. They claimed descent from the founder of the pre-Islamic Sasanian Empire , Ardashir I ( r.  224–242 ), and through him

405-567: The deposits suggests a nearby woodland, and such vegetation is indicative of a warmer later Pleistocene phase. In Southwestern Asia in general, the Middle Paleolithic falls between the Later Middle Pleistocene ( Marine Isotope Stage 6/7) and the middle of the Last Glacial (mid Marine Isotope Stage-3). Therefore the age of Bisitun Cave is likely to fall within this period also. Coon described two hominid remains from

432-671: The fiscal year 2021-22 (ending 20 March), registering a 15% growth compared with the previous year, according to a local official. The province's share in Iran's total exports during the period stood at 10% in terms of tonnage and 12% in value. Kermanshah's share in total exports to Iraq stood at 53% and share in non-oil goods reached 43%. Non-oil exports from Kermanshah mainly include tomato and tomato paste, air conditioners, cheese, industrial oil and their derivatives, biscuit, different types of melon, watermelon, tile and ceramic, plastic bags, marble, yogurt, milk, cream, cucumber, eggplant, apple and melamine dishes. Kermanshah lends its name to

459-483: The following table. According to the 2016 census, 1,468,615 people (over 75% of the population of Kermanshah Province) live in the following cities: Kermanshah Province is located in western Iran. It shares borders with the provinces of Kurdistan , Hamadan , Lorestan , and Ilam within Iran. It also shares borders with the Iraqi governorates of Halabja , Sulaymaniyah and Diyala . Major cities and towns besides

486-864: The governor in his campaigns in Kerman. In the time of the Sekjuk sultan, Mahmud II (1117-1131), the Shabankara were illtreated and revolted again, bringing great damage to the area. The founder of the Hazaraspid dynasty , Abu Tahir ibn Muhammad, defeated the Shabankara and gained great prestige for this. After collapse of Seljukids , Shabankara ruled again the area with Shahre-Idaj as their capital. In Ilkhanid era they ruled Shabankareh province centered at Darabgird. The Shabankara chief Kutb-al din Mubariz and his brother Nizam al din Mahmud conquered Kerman in 1200 from

513-461: The hottest months is above 22 °C. The province's capital is Kermanshah , located in the middle of the western part of Iran. The population of the city is 946,651 as of 2016. It is built on the slopes of Mt. Sefid Kooh and extended toward south during last two decades. The built-up areas run alongside Sarab River and Sarab Valley . The city's elevation averages about 1,350 meters above sea level. The distance between Kermanshah and Tehran

540-460: The legendary hero-king Faridun . Kermanshah Province Kermanshah province ( Persian : استان كرمانشاه ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran , bordering Iraq. Its capital is the city of Kermanshah . According to a 2014 segmentation by the Ministry of Interior , it is the center of Region 4 , with the region's central secretariat located in Kermanshah. A majority of people in

567-646: The oldest prehistoric village in the Middle East dating back to 9800 B.C., was discovered in Sahneh , located in west of Kermanshah. The monuments found in Kermanshah show two glorious periods, the Achaemenid and Sassanid eras. The mythical ruler of the Pishdadian is described as founding the city while Tahmores Divband built it. An alternative narrative is that the construction was by Bahram IV of

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594-502: The organization of these protests. At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 1,842,457 in 444,185 households. By the time of the following census in 2011, there were 1,945,227 people in 530,911 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 1,952,434 in 576,861 households. [REDACTED] The population history and structural changes of Kermanshah Province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in

621-554: The province are Shia , and there are Sunni and Yarsani minority groups. The province has a rich Paleolithic heritage. Many caves with Paleolithic remains have been surveyed or excavated there. some of these cave sites are located in Bisetun and north of Kermanshah. The first known physical remains of Neanderthal man in Iran was discovered in Bisitun Cave . Do-Ashkaft Cave , Kobeh, Warwasi , and Mar Tarik are some of

648-601: The province. Three of these neighbor the Kurdish part of Iraq and the other two the Iraqi central government (Khosravi, Sumar). Based on figures from 9 November 2021, with a share of 5.7 to 6 percent Kermanshah province is among the first five exporters of non-oil products of Iran. Around 30 to 35 percent of theses exports were from the province's own products. The highest share of exports belong to Parviz border which neighbors Iraqi Kurdistan followed by Khosravi and Sumar . Exports from Kermanshah Province hit $ 2.7 billion in

675-409: The site, a maxilliary upper incisor and a radius shaft fragment, both from a layer designated F+. These remains were listed but never described fully for the palaeontological community. When they were finally re-examined four decades later, the incisor was found to be bovid in origin, rather than hominin. The radius fragment was found to show Neanderthal affinities, as it is mediolaterally expanded at

702-522: The vizier of the Buyid king of Fars. Sahib-i Adil was put on death by the last Buyid of Fars, Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun , and Fadluya rose in rebellion after this. Abu Mansur was defeated and murdered with his mother in 1062. The Shabankara chief, now ruler of Fars, soon came into collision with the Seljuk Turks. Fadluya submitted to Qawurd , brother of sultan Alp Arslan , but afterwards revolted. Fadluya

729-573: Was finally captured and executed in 1071 by the Seljuk vizier Nizam al-Mulk . The Shabankara were a nuisance in the provinces of Kerman and Fars. In 1099, with the help of the son of Qawurd, Iran Shah, they defeated the wali of Fars, Amir Unar. In 1116, the Shabankara chief Abu-al Hasan Khuzraw refused to pay homenage to the new governor of Fars, Fakhr al-din Cawuli. Cawuli besieged Khuzraw in his fortress, but came on terms with him later. Khuzraw accompanied

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