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132-835: Shane Patrick Lysaght MacGowan (25 December 1957 – 30 November 2023) was a British-born Irish singer-songwriter, musician and poet best known as the lead vocalist and primary lyricist of Celtic punk band the Pogues . Noted for his heavy alcohol and drug use as well as his exceptional songwriting talent, MacGowan wrote lyrics that frequently focused on the Irish diaspora experience. Born in Kent , England, to Irish parents, he spent his early childhood in Tipperary , Ireland, before moving back to England with his family at age six. After attending Holmewood House preparatory school , he won

264-545: A katorga prison camp in Omsk , Siberia, followed by a term of compulsory military service. After a fourteen-day sleigh ride, the prisoners reached Tobolsk , a prisoner way station. Despite the circumstances, Dostoevsky consoled the other prisoners, such as the Petrashevist Ivan Yastrzhembsky, who was surprised by Dostoevsky's kindness and eventually abandoned his decision to kill himself. In Tobolsk,

396-408: A 1991 tour of Japan, the Pogues dismissed MacGowan due to the impact of his drug and alcohol dependency on their live shows. He formed a new band, Shane MacGowan and The Popes , with which he recorded his last two studio albums, The Snake (1994) and The Crock of Gold (1997). In 2001, he rejoined the Pogues for reunion shows and remained with the group until it dissolved in 2014. In January 2018,

528-426: A 1991 tour, the Pogues dismissed MacGowan for unprofessional behaviour. The band's performances had been affected by MacGowan's drug and alcohol problems, and his bandmates parted ways with him following "a string of no-shows, including when The Pogues were opening for Dylan". After MacGowan had been dismissed from the Pogues, he formed a new band, Shane MacGowan and The Popes . The new band recorded two studio albums,

660-561: A 1997 interview with the Irish World , MacGowan said that he wished for "the peace process " to succeed, but believed it would "be a long, drawn out process." He added that he wished for a quicker resolution that led to "the English" giving up all control of Irish lands, and that Ireland be made into a " socialist republic ". MacGowan "battled longstanding health issues, compounded by well-documented struggles with substance abuse". He

792-517: A Spaniard in late spring and Dostoevsky's gambling addiction and age ended their relationship. He later described her in a letter to Nadezhda Suslova as a "great egoist. Her egoism and her vanity are colossal. She demands everything of other people, all the perfections, and does not pardon the slightest imperfection in the light of other qualities that one may possess", and later stated "I still love her, but I do not want to love her any more. She doesn't deserve this love ..." In 1858 Dostoevsky had

924-623: A collection of essays, but funds were lacking, and the Diary was published in Vladimir Meshchersky 's The Citizen , beginning on 1 January, in return for a salary of 3,000 rubles per year. In the summer of 1873, Anna returned to Staraya Russa with the children, while Dostoevsky stayed in St Petersburg to continue with his Diary . In March 1874, Dostoevsky left The Citizen because of the stressful work and interference from

1056-602: A decades-long relationship and subsequent 11-year engagement, MacGowan married Irish journalist Victoria Mary Clarke in Copenhagen. They lived in Dublin . MacGowan was a Roman Catholic , calling himself "a free-thinking religious fanatic" who also prayed to the Buddha . As an adolescent, he considered the priesthood. In 2015, MacGowan stated that he had grown up in an Irish republican family and that he regretted not joining

1188-719: A delayed honeymoon in Germany with the money gained from the sale. They stayed in Berlin and visited the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden , where he sought inspiration for his writing. They continued their trip through Germany, visiting Frankfurt , Darmstadt , Heidelberg and Karlsruhe . They spent five weeks in Baden-Baden , where Dostoevsky had a quarrel with Turgenev and again lost much money at

1320-504: A dropped pen holder. After another haemorrhage, Anna called the doctors, who gave a poor prognosis. A third haemorrhage followed shortly afterwards. While seeing his children before dying, Dostoevsky requested that the parable of the Prodigal Son be read to his children. The profound meaning of this request is pointed out by Joseph Frank : It was this parable of transgression, repentance, and forgiveness that he wished to leave as

1452-550: A hell of a lot of touring. I've had enough of it." In 2010, MacGowan played impromptu shows in Dublin with a new five-piece backing band, the Shane Gang, including In Tua Nua rhythm section Paul Byrne (drums) and Jack Dublin (bass), with manager Joey Cashman on whistle. In November 2010, this line-up went to Lanzarote to record a new album. MacGowan and the Shane Gang performed at the Red Hand Rocks music festival in

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1584-594: A host of guests for the Feis Liverpool 2019's finale. The event was ultimately cancelled due to a lack of ticket sales and funding issues. Feis Liverpool is the UK's largest celebration of Irish music and culture. In 2020, MacGowan reportedly returned to the studio to record several new songs with the Irish indie band Cronin. MacGowan appeared in an episode of Fair City , shown on 28 December 2008. In 2009, he starred in

1716-465: A job as a lieutenant engineer and lived with Adolph Totleben in an apartment owned by Dr. Rizenkampf, a friend of Mikhail. Rizenkampf characterised him as "no less good-natured and no less courteous than his brother, but when not in a good mood he often looked at everything through dark glasses, became vexed, forgot good manners, and sometimes was carried away to the point of abusiveness and loss of self-awareness". Dostoevsky's first completed literary work,

1848-620: A journal, but "Uncle's Dream" and "The Village of Stepanchikovo" were not published until 1860. Notes from the House of the Dead was released in Russky Mir (Russian World) in September 1860. Humiliated and Insulted was published in the new Vremya magazine, which had been created with the help of funds from his brother's cigarette factory. Dostoevsky travelled to western Europe for

1980-677: A last heritage to his children, and it may well be seen as his own ultimate understanding of the meaning of his life and the message of his work. Among Dostoevsky's last words was his quotation of Matthew 3:14–15 : "But John forbad him, saying, I have a need to be baptised of thee, and comest thou to me? And Jesus answering said unto him, Suffer it to be so now: for thus it becometh us to fulfil all righteousness", and he finished with "Hear now—permit it. Do not restrain me!". His last words to his wife Anna were: "Remember, Anya, I have always loved you passionately and have never been unfaithful to you ever, even in my thoughts!" When he died, his body

2112-474: A lavish lifestyle, translating books to earn extra money. In the mid-1840s he wrote his first novel, Poor Folk , which gained him entry into Saint Petersburg 's literary circles. However, he was arrested in 1849 for belonging to a literary group, the Petrashevsky Circle , that discussed banned books critical of Tsarist Russia . Dostoevsky was sentenced to death but the sentence was commuted at

2244-541: A letter asking to resign his post. Shortly thereafter, he wrote his second novel, The Double , which appeared in the journal Notes of the Fatherland on 30 January 1846, before being published in February. Around the same time, Dostoevsky discovered socialism through the writings of French thinkers Fourier , Cabet , Proudhon and Saint-Simon . Through his relationship with Belinsky he expanded his knowledge of

2376-554: A letter from the Tsar commuting the sentence. Dostoevsky later described the experience of what he believed to be the last moments of his life in his novel The Idiot . The story of a young man sentenced to death by firing squad but reprieved at the last moment is recounted by the main character, Prince Myshkin, who describes the experience from the point of view of the victim, and considers the philosophical and spiritual implications. Dostoevsky served four years of exile with hard labour at

2508-567: A literary scholarship to Westminster School but was expelled in his second year for drug offences. At age 17 to 18, he spent six months in psychiatric care at Bethlem Royal Hospital in London due to his drug and alcohol abuse. He became active on the London punk scene under the alias Shane O'Hooligan , attending gigs, working in the Rocks Off record shop, and writing a punk fanzine . In 1977, he and his then-girlfriend Shanne Bradley formed

2640-609: A live album, three tracks on the Popes Outlaw Heaven (2010) and a live DVD; the band also toured internationally. In 1997, MacGowan appeared on Lou Reed 's " Perfect Day ", covered by numerous artists in aid of Children in Need . It was the UK's number one single for three weeks, in two separate spells. Selling over a million copies, the record contributed £2,125,000 to the charity's highest fundraising total in six years. From December 2003 up to May 2005, Shane MacGowan and

2772-473: A local prince, his progeny then taking the name "Dostoevsky" based on a village there called Dostojewo  [ pl ] (derived from Old Polish dostojnik – dignitary). Dostoevsky's immediate ancestors on his mother's side were merchants; the male line on his father's side were priests. In 1809, the 20-year-old Mikhail Dostoevsky enrolled in Moscow's Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy. From there he

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2904-403: A lot of injuries". He continued to use a wheelchair until his death in 2023. In 2016, Clarke told the press that MacGowan was sober "for the first time in years". She indicated that MacGowan's drinking had "not just been a recreational activity", but that "his whole career has revolved around it and, indeed, been both enhanced and simultaneously inhibited by it". She said that his drinking problem

3036-461: A middle-class background in Dublin , worked in the offices of department store C&A ; his mother Therese, from Tipperary, worked as a typist at a convent , having previously been a singer, traditional Irish dancer , and model. MacGowan lived in many parts of southeast England such as Brighton , London, and the home counties , and attended an English public school . His father encouraged his precocious interest in literature; by age 11, MacGowan

3168-894: A mixture of traditional folk songs and original songs written in a traditional style but performed in a punk style. Other early Celtic punk bands included Nyah Fearties , Australia 's Roaring Jack and Norway 's Greenland Whalefishers . The 1990s gave rise to a Celtic punk movement in North America, centered around the likes of the Dropkick Murphys of Quincy, Massachusetts , and Chicago's The Tossers - both from cities with particularly large population of Irish Americans - as well as LA's Flogging Molly (founded by Irish emigrant Dave King ). North American Celtic punk bands have been influenced by American forms of music, and commonly sing in English. Like other punk subcultures, Celtic punk has its own fashions as well. Similar to

3300-430: A new set of teeth—including one gold tooth—fitted in a nine-hour procedure. The new set of teeth was secured by eight titanium dental implants . The procedure was the subject of the hour-long television programme Shane MacGowan: A Wreck Reborn . In early February 2021, MacGowan broke his knee in a fall at his home and left him bed-ridden for a short time. MacGowan was hospitalised for an infection on 6 December 2022. He

3432-517: A nine-year-old girl had been raped by a drunk, he was asked to fetch his father to attend to her. The incident haunted him, and the theme of the desire of a mature man for a young girl appears in The Devils , The Brothers Karamazov , Crime and Punishment , and other writings. An incident involving a family servant, or serf , in the estate in Darovoye, is described in " The Peasant Marey ": when

3564-512: A part of the larger Celtic punk subculture, as even though most bands from that scene did not incorporate traditional sounds into their music, they sang in Scottish Gaelic in support of their traditional language and in protest of linguistic homogenization (among many other issues). They taught each other the language in DIY classes called 'Gaelic for Punks', and the scene was centered around

3696-473: A particularly scathing one from Belinsky) Dostoevsky's health declined and his seizures became more frequent, but he continued writing. From 1846 to 1848 he published several short stories in the magazine Notes of the Fatherland , including " Mr. Prokharchin ", " The Landlady ", "A Weak Heart", and " White Nights ". The negative reception of these stories, combined with his health problems and Belinsky's attacks, caused him distress and financial difficulty, but this

3828-561: A picture of him covered in blood, which was reported in the music paper NME with the headline "Cannibalism at Clash Gig". Shortly after this, he and bassist Shanne Bradley formed the punk band the Nipple Erectors (later known as 'The Nips'). MacGowan drew upon his Irish heritage when founding the Pogues and changed his early punk style for a more traditional sound with tutoring from his extended family. Many of his songs were influenced by Irish nationalism , Irish history ,

3960-606: A position to buy the vacated land. The serfs were acquitted in a trial in Tula , but Dostoevsky's brother Mikhail perpetuated the story. After his father's death, Dostoevsky continued his studies, passed his exams and obtained the rank of engineer cadet, entitling him to live away from the academy. He visited Mikhail in Reval (Tallinn) and frequently attended concerts, operas, plays and ballets. During this time, two of his friends introduced him to gambling. On 12 August 1843 Dostoevsky took

4092-471: A psychiatric hospital due to drug addiction; while there, he was also diagnosed with acute situational anxiety. Briefly enrolled at St Martin's School of Art , he worked at the Rocks Off record shop in central London, and started a punk fanzine under the pseudonym Shane O'Hooligan. He was first publicly noted in 1976 at a concert by London punk rock band The Clash , where his earlobe was damaged by future Mo-dettes bassist Jane Crockford. A photographer took

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4224-685: A result, he obtained the right to publish books and to marry, although he remained under police surveillance for the rest of his life. Maria married Dostoevsky in Kuznetsk on 7 February 1857, even though she had initially refused his marriage proposal, stating that they were not meant for each other and that his poor financial situation precluded marriage. Their family life was unhappy and she found it difficult to cope with his seizures. Describing their relationship, he wrote: "Because of her strange, suspicious and fantastic character, we were definitely not happy together, but we could not stop loving each other; and

4356-521: A speech. He was appointed an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Sciences , from which he received an honorary certificate in February 1879. He declined an invitation to an international congress on copyright in Paris after his son Alyosha had a severe epileptic seizure and died on 16 May. The family later moved to the apartment where Dostoevsky had written his first works. Around this time, he

4488-401: A strong sense of justice, protected newcomers, aligned himself with teachers, criticised corruption among officers, and helped poor farmers. Although he was solitary and inhabited his own literary world, he was respected by his classmates. His reclusiveness and interest in religion earned him the nickname "Monk Photius ". Signs of Dostoevsky's epilepsy may have first appeared on learning of

4620-528: A time, he had to beg for money, but he eventually became one of the most widely read and highly regarded Russian writers. Dostoevsky's body of work consists of thirteen novels, three novellas, seventeen short stories, and numerous other works. His writings were widely read both within and beyond his native Russia and influenced an equally great number of later writers including Russians such as Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Anton Chekhov , philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche , Albert Camus , and Jean-Paul Sartre , and

4752-506: A translation of Honoré de Balzac 's novel Eugénie Grandet , was published in June and July 1843 in the 6th and 7th volumes of the journal Repertoire and Pantheon , followed by several other translations. None were successful, and his financial difficulties led him to write a novel. Dostoevsky completed his first novel, Poor Folk , in May 1845. His friend Dmitry Grigorovich , with whom he

4884-424: A very small portion of their overall material (either due the common occurrence of non-Celtic folk songs being called 'Celtic,' or due to the misunderstanding that all traditional folk music mixed with punk rock is Celtic punk). Celtic punk's origins date back to 1960s and 1970s folk rock musicians who played Irish folk music and Celtic rock in the UK, as well as in more traditional Celtic folk bands such as

5016-521: A visit to Belikhov, Dostoevsky met the family of Alexander Ivanovich Isaev and Maria Dmitrievna Isaeva and fell in love with the latter. Alexander Isaev took a new post in Kuznetsk , where he died in August 1855. Maria and her son then moved with Dostoevsky to Barnaul . In 1856, Dostoevsky sent a letter through Wrangel to General Eduard Totleben , apologising for his activity in several utopian circles. As

5148-471: Is a form of Celtic fusion . While popular around the world, Celtic punk is often criticized for certain non-Irish bands appropriating and misrepresenting Irish culture (perpetuating ' Plastic Paddy ' stereotypes) with an excessive focus on drinking and fighting. Other folk-punk bands that incorporate traditional folk material, such as The Dreadnoughts and Cordelia's Dad , have expressed disdain at being called 'Celtic punk' despite Celtic material making up

5280-415: Is mud and roses punched out with swaggering stagger, ancient longing that is blasted all to hell. A Bard's bard, may he cast his spell upon us all forevermore". Nick Cave called MacGowan "the greatest songwriter of his generation, with the most terrifyingly beautiful of voices". Bruce Springsteen said the "passion and deep intensity of [MacGowan's] music and lyrics is unmatched by all but the very best in

5412-537: The IRA . In a filmed interview he said, "I was ashamed I didn't have the guts to join the IRA, and The Pogues was my way of overcoming that". The central figure in his 1997 song "Paddy Public Enemy No. 1" is based on ex- INLA leader Dominic McGlinchey . Asked his opinion of McGlinchey, MacGowan said "he was a great man". He also counted former Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams as a friend, according to his most recent biography. In

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5544-680: The Justice For Kirsty Campaign and Crisis at Christmas. The single was the best-selling Christmas-themed single of 2005, reaching number 3 in the UK Charts that year. In 2006, he was seen many times with the Libertines and Babyshambles singer Pete Doherty ; on occasions MacGowan joined Babyshambles on stage. Other famous friends included Johnny Depp , who appeared in the video for " That Woman's Got Me Drinking ", and Joe Strummer , who referred to MacGowan as "one of

5676-549: The Most Holy Synod , influenced Dostoevsky's political progression to conservatism. Around early 1872 the family spent several months in Staraya Russa , a town known for its mineral spa . Dostoevsky's work was delayed when Anna's sister Maria Svatkovskaya died on 1 May 1872, from either typhus or malaria , and Anna developed an abscess on her throat. The family returned to St Petersburg in September. Demons

5808-650: The National Concert Hall in Dublin held a gala concert to celebrate his 60th birthday, at which the president of Ireland , Michael D. Higgins , presented him with a lifetime achievement award for outstanding contributions to Irish life, music and culture. Later that year, he married his long-term partner, journalist and writer Victoria Mary Clarke . Following years of deteriorating health, he died from pneumonia in Dublin in November 2023, aged 65. MacGowan

5940-601: The Patrician Hall , Carrickmore County Tyrone in June 2011. MacGowan made a return to the stage on 13 June 2019 at the RDS Arena in Dublin as a guest of Chrissie Hynde and the Pretenders . Following on from the success of Feis Liverpool 2018's finale, in which he was joined by artists such as Imelda May , Paddy Moloney , Albert Hammond Jr and many more, MacGowan was announced to appear on 7 July alongside

6072-477: The President of Ireland , said: "Shane will be remembered as one of music's greatest lyricists. So many of his songs would be perfectly crafted poems, if that would not have deprived us of the opportunity to hear him sing them. The genius of Shane's contribution includes the fact that his songs capture within them, as Shane would put it, the measure of our dreams—of so many worlds, and particularly those of love, of

6204-627: The Sabhal Mòr Ostaig college on the Isle of Skye , Scotland . Fyodor Dostoyevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (11 November 1821 – 9 February 1881 ), sometimes transliterated as Dostoyevsky , was a Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist and journalist. Numerous literary critics regard him as one of the greatest novelists in all of world literature , as many of his works are considered highly influential masterpieces. Dostoevsky's literary works explore

6336-420: The human condition in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century Russia , and engage with a variety of philosophical and religious themes. His most acclaimed novels include Crime and Punishment (1866), The Idiot (1869), Demons (1872), The Adolescent (1875), and The Brothers Karamazov (1880). His 1864 novella Notes from Underground is considered to be one of

6468-589: The 1980s, he "was repeatedly injured in falls and struck by moving vehicles". While in New Zealand during a 1988 Pogues tour, MacGowan "painted his hotel room, face and chest blue, apparently because 'the Maoris were talking to me'". Problems arising from his alcohol and drug abuse led to his firing from the Pogues in 1991, and he experienced stomach ulcers and alcoholic hepatitis in the 1990s. MacGowan often performed onstage and gave interviews while drunk. In 2004, on

6600-775: The 2018 Ivor Novello Inspiration Award . With the Pogues As Shane MacGowan and The Popes With the Pogues Solo Celtic punk The genre was popularised in the 1980s by the Pogues . It is considered part of the broader folk punk genre, although that term is often used in North America for acoustic forms of punk rock rather than a mixture of traditional folk music and punk rock. The typical Celtic punk band includes rock instrumentation as well as traditional instruments such as bagpipes , fiddle , tin whistle , accordion , mandolin , and banjo . Like Celtic rock , Celtic punk

6732-606: The BBC TV political magazine programme This Week , he gave incoherent and slurred answers to questions from Janet Street-Porter about the public smoking ban in Ireland. In November 1999, MacGowan was arrested in London after Sinéad O'Connor found him passed out on his floor, and called emergency services. MacGowan was charged with heroin possession in January 2000. When police formally cautioned MacGowan (a process that "requires

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6864-634: The County Hell ); his works are featured on MacGowan's official website, and he is also the illustrator of The Popes' Outlaw Heaven cover. In 2006, he was voted 50th in the NME Rock Heroes List. In January 2018, MacGowan was honoured with a concert gala to celebrate his 60th birthday at the National Concert Hall in Dublin, where Irish president Michael D. Higgins presented him with a lifetime achievement award for his outstanding contribution to Irish life, music and culture. He also won

6996-557: The Crystal Palace as a monument to soulless modern society, the myth of progress, and the worship of empty materialism. From August to October 1863, Dostoevsky made another trip to western Europe. He met his second love, Polina Suslova , in Paris and lost nearly all his money gambling in Wiesbaden and Baden-Baden. In 1864 his wife Maria and his brother Mikhail died, and Dostoevsky became the lone parent of his stepson Pasha and

7128-630: The Dead , based on his experience in prison, was published in 1861 in the journal Vremya ("Time") – it was the first published novel about Russian prisons. Before moving in mid-March to Semipalatinsk , where he was forced to serve in the Siberian Army Corps of the Seventh Line Battalion, Dostoevsky met geographer Pyotr Semyonov and ethnographer Shokan Walikhanuli . Around November 1854, he met Baron Alexander Egorovich Wrangel, an admirer of his books, who had attended

7260-628: The Dubliners and the Clancy Brothers . The Scottish band the Skids were possibly the first UK punk band to add a strong folk music element, as they did on their 1981 album Joy . Around the same time in London , Shane MacGowan and Spider Stacy began experimenting with a sound that became the Pogues , which most consider to be the prototypical Celtic punk band. Their early sets included

7392-523: The Dubliners ). In the following years MacGowan and the Pogues released several albums. In 1988, he co-wrote " Streets of Sorrow/Birmingham Six ", a song by the Pogues which proved highly controversial due to its support of the Birmingham Six – six men wrongly convicted of the 1974 Birmingham pub bombings , but still serving prison sentences for the bombings at the time – and was banned on British commercial TV and radio. In Yokohama , Japan, during

7524-607: The Fatherland , but his banishment ended the project leaving only what was supposed to be the prologue of the novel. Dostoevsky never attempted to complete it leaving only a sketch of the novel behind. The members of the Petrashevsky Circle were denounced to Liprandi , an official at the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Dostoevsky was accused of reading works by Belinsky, including the banned Letter to Gogol , and of circulating copies of these and other works. Antonelli,

7656-595: The Fatherland ; he would receive 250 rubles for each printer's sheet – 100 more than the text's publication in The Russian Messenger would have earned. Dostoevsky accepted. As his health began to decline, he consulted several doctors in St Petersburg and was advised to take a cure outside Russia. Around July, he reached Ems and consulted a physician, who diagnosed him with acute catarrh . During his stay he began The Adolescent . He returned to Saint Petersburg in late July. Anna proposed that they spend

7788-507: The Lash (1985) and the critically acclaimed and commercially successful If I Should Fall from Grace with God (1988). With bandmate Jem Finer , he co-wrote the Christmas hit single " Fairytale of New York " (1987). Recorded as a duet with Kirsty MacColl , the song remains a perennial Christmas favourite in the UK and Ireland and was certified quintuple platinum in the UK in 2022. During

7920-533: The New Testament: Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone: but if it dies, it bringeth forth much fruit. Dostoevsky had his first known affair with Avdotya Panaeva , whom he met in the Ivan Panaev 's circle in the early 1840s. He described her as educated, interested in literature, and a femme fatale . He admitted later that he

8052-655: The Popes toured extensively in the UK, Ireland and Europe. The Pogues and MacGowan reformed for a sell-out tour in 2001 and each year from 2004 to 2009 for further tours, including headline slots at Guilfest in England and the Azkena Rock Festival in the Basque Country. In May 2005, MacGowan rejoined the Pogues permanently. That same year, the Pogues re-released "Fairytale of New York" to raise funds for

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8184-594: The RTÉ reality show Victoria and Shane Grow Their Own , as he and his wife Victoria Mary Clarke endeavoured to grow their food in their own garden. In 2010, MacGowan offered a piece of unusual art to the Irish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (ISPCC) to auction off to support their services to children: a drawing on a living room door. It earned €1,602 for the charity. On 26 November 2018, after

8316-405: The Russian bureaucracy. In his fifteen months with The Citizen , he had been taken to court twice: on 11 June 1873 for citing the words of Prince Meshchersky without permission, and again on 23 March 1874. Dostoevsky offered to sell a new novel he had not yet begun to write to The Russian Messenger , but the magazine refused. Nikolay Nekrasov suggested that he publish A Writer's Diary in Notes of

8448-644: The aborted execution. They both rented houses in the Cossack Garden outside Semipalatinsk. Wrangel remarked that Dostoevsky "looked morose. His sickly, pale face was covered with freckles, and his blond hair was cut short. He was a little over average height and looked at me intensely with his sharp, grey-blue eyes. It was as if he were trying to look into my soul and discover what kind of man I was." In Semipalatinsk, Dostoevsky tutored several schoolchildren and came into contact with upper-class families, including that of Lieutenant-Colonel Belikhov, who used to invite him to read passages from newspapers and magazines. During

8580-416: The accused to admit their guilt"), MacGowan accepted the caution and the criminal case against him was terminated in March 2000. O'Connor said she took this action in an attempt to discourage him from using heroin. Although he was furious with O'Connor at first, MacGowan later expressed gratitude to her and said that the incident helped him kick his heroin habit. MacGowan experienced years of ill health toward

8712-409: The age of three, he had read heroic sagas, fairy tales and legends by his nanny, Alena Frolovna, an especially influential figure in his upbringing and his love for fictional stories. When he was four, his mother used the Bible to teach him to read and write. His parents introduced him to a wide range of literature, including Russian writers Karamzin , Pushkin and Derzhavin ; Gothic fiction such as

8844-425: The best writers of the century" in an interview featured on the videogram release "Live at the Town and Country Club" from 1988. Strummer occasionally joined MacGowan and the Pogues on stage (and briefly replaced MacGowan as lead vocalist after his sacking from the band). He also worked with Nick Cave and joined him on stage. About his future with the Pogues, in a 24 December 2015 interview with Vice magazine, when

8976-424: The circle in 1848 and set about creating a secret revolutionary society from amongst its members. Dostoevsky himself became a member of this society, was aware of its conspiratorial aims, and actively participated, although he harboured significant doubts about their actions and intentions. In 1849, the first parts of Netochka Nezvanova , a novel Dostoevsky had been planning since 1846, were published in Notes of

9108-433: The death of his father on 16 June 1839, although the reports of a seizure originated from accounts written by his daughter (later expanded by Sigmund Freud ) which are now considered to be unreliable. His father's official cause of death was an apoplectic stroke, but a neighbour, Pavel Khotiaintsev, accused the father's serfs of murder. Had the serfs been found guilty and sent to Siberia , Khotiaintsev would have been in

9240-486: The emergence of Existentialism and Freudianism . His books have been translated into more than 170 languages, and served as the inspiration for many films. Dostoevsky's paternal ancestors were part of a Russian noble family of Russian Orthodox Christians. The family traced its roots back to Danilo Irtishch , who was granted lands in the Pinsk region (for centuries part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , now in modern-day Belarus ) in 1509 for his services under

9372-419: The emigrant experience and of facing the challenges of that experience with authenticity and courage, and of living and seeing the sides of life that so many turn away from." The New York Times described MacGowan as "a master songsmith whose lyrics painted vivid portraits of the underbelly of Irish immigrant life". Following MacGowan's death, Tom Waits wrote on X: "Shane MacGowan's torrid and mighty voice

9504-515: The emotions of his listeners." The speech was criticised later by liberal political scientist Alexander Gradovsky, who thought that Dostoevsky idolised "the people", and by conservative thinker Konstantin Leontiev , who, in his essay "On Universal Love", compared the speech to French utopian socialism. The attacks led to a further deterioration in his health. On 6 February [ O.S. 25 January] 1881, while searching for members of

9636-642: The end of a honeymoon (originally planned for three months) that had lasted over four years. Back in Russia in July 1871, the family was again in financial trouble and had to sell their remaining possessions. Their son Fyodor was born on 16 July, and they moved to an apartment near the Institute of Technology soon after. They hoped to cancel their large debts by selling their rental house in Peski, but difficulties with

9768-461: The end of his life. In mid-2015, as he was leaving a Dublin studio, he fell and fractured his pelvis. After that, he used a wheelchair. Later that year, MacGowan said: "It was a fall and I fell the wrong way. I broke my pelvis, which is the worst thing you can do. I'm lame in one leg, I can't walk around the room without a crutch. I am getting better, but it's taking a very long time. It's the longest I've ever taken to recover from an injury. And I've had

9900-622: The experiences of the Irish diaspora (particularly in England and the United States), and London life in general. These influences were documented in the biography Rake at the Gates of Hell: Shane MacGowan in Context . He often cited the 19th-century Irish poet James Clarence Mangan and playwright Brendan Behan as influences. The Pogues' most critically acclaimed album was If I Should Fall from Grace with God (1988), which also marked

10032-555: The family bought a dacha in Staraya Russa. In the summer of 1876, Dostoevsky began experiencing shortness of breath again. He visited Ems for the third time and was told that he might live for another 15 years if he moved to a healthier climate. When he returned to Russia, Tsar Alexander II ordered Dostoevsky to visit his palace to present the Diary to him, and he asked him to educate his sons, Sergey and Paul. This visit further increased Dosteyevsky's circle of acquaintances. He

10164-577: The first time on 7 June 1862, visiting Cologne, Berlin, Dresden, Wiesbaden, Belgium, and Paris. In London, he met Herzen and visited the Crystal Palace . He travelled with Nikolay Strakhov through Switzerland and several North Italian cities, including Turin, Livorno, and Florence. He recorded his impressions of those trips in the essay " Winter Notes on Summer Impressions ", in which he also criticised capitalism, social modernisation , materialism , Catholicism and Protestantism. Dostoevsky viewed

10296-516: The first works of existentialist literature. Born in Moscow in 1821, Dostoevsky was introduced to literature at an early age through fairy tales and legends , and through books by Russian and foreign authors. His mother died in 1837 when he was 15, and around the same time, he left school to enter the Nikolayev Military Engineering Institute . After graduating, he worked as an engineer and briefly enjoyed

10428-505: The floors an inch thick; one could slip and fall ... We were packed like herrings in a barrel ... There was no room to turn around. From dusk to dawn it was impossible not to behave like pigs ... Fleas, lice, and black beetles by the bushel ... Classified as "one of the most dangerous convicts", Dostoevsky had his hands and feet shackled until his release. He was only permitted to read his New Testament Bible. In addition to his seizures, he had haemorrhoids , lost weight and

10560-670: The free Nikolayev Military Engineering Institute , forcing the brothers to abandon their academic studies for military careers. Dostoevsky entered the academy in January 1838, but only with the help of family members. Mikhail was refused admission on health grounds and was sent to an academy in Reval (now Tallinn, Estonia). Dostoevsky disliked the academy, primarily because of his lack of interest in science, mathematics, and military engineering and his preference for drawing and architecture. As his friend Konstantin Trutovsky once said, "There

10692-422: The government agent who had reported the group, wrote in his statement that at least one of the papers criticised Russian politics and religion. Dostoevsky responded to these charges by declaring that he had read the essays only "as a literary monument, neither more nor less"; he spoke of "personality and human egoism" rather than of politics. Even so, he and his fellow "conspirators" were arrested on 23 April 1849 at

10824-405: The group was "the most innocent and harmless company" and its members were "systematic opponents of all revolutionary goals and means". Dostoevsky used the circle's library on Saturdays and Sundays and occasionally participated in their discussions on freedom from censorship and the abolition of serfdom . Bakunin's description, however, was not true of the aristocrat Nikolay Speshnev , who joined

10956-438: The high point of the band's commercial success. Between 1985 and 1987, MacGowan co-wrote " Fairytale of New York ", which he performed with Kirsty MacColl , and remains a perennial Christmas favourite. In 2004, 2005 and 2006, it was voted favourite Christmas song in a poll by music video channel VH1 . Other notable songs he performed with The Pogues include " Dirty Old Town ", " Sally MacLennane " and " The Irish Rover " (featuring

11088-442: The interviewer asked whether the band were still active, MacGowan said: "We're not, no", saying that, since their 2001 reunion happened, "I went back with [the] Pogues and we grew to hate each other all over again", adding: "I don't hate the band at all – they're friends. I like them a lot. We were friends for years before we joined the band. We just got a bit sick of each other. We're friends as long as we don't tour together. I've done

11220-418: The last moment . He spent four years in a Siberian prison camp, followed by six years of compulsory military service in exile. In the following years, Dostoevsky worked as a journalist, publishing and editing several magazines of his own and later A Writer's Diary , a collection of his writings. He began to travel around western Europe and developed a gambling addiction , which led to financial hardship. For

11352-680: The life of Arkady Dolgoruky, the illegitimate child of the landowner Versilov and a peasant mother. It deals primarily with the relationship between father and son, which became a frequent theme in Dostoevsky's subsequent works. In early 1876, Dostoevsky continued work on his Diary . The book includes numerous essays and a few short stories about society, religion, politics and ethics. The collection sold more than twice as many copies as his previous books. Dostoevsky received more letters from readers than ever before, and people of all ages and occupations visited him. With assistance from Anna's brother,

11484-428: The magazine. Dostoevsky returned to Saint Petersburg in mid-September and promised his editor, Fyodor Stellovsky , that he would complete The Gambler , a short novel focused on gambling addiction, by November, although he had not yet begun writing it. One of Dostoevsky's friends, Milyukov, advised him to hire a secretary. Dostoevsky contacted stenographer Pavel Olkhin from Saint Petersburg, who recommended his pupil,

11616-550: The members received food and clothes from the Decembrist women, as well as several copies of the New Testament with a ten-ruble banknote inside each copy. Eleven days later, Dostoevsky reached Omsk together with just one other member of the Petrashevsky Circle, the writer Sergei Durov. Dostoevsky described his barracks: In summer, intolerable closeness; in winter, unendurable cold. All the floors were rotten. Filth on

11748-425: The more unhappy we were, the more attached to each other we became". They mostly lived apart. In 1859 he was released from military service because of deteriorating health and was granted permission to return to European Russia, first to Tver , where he met his brother for the first time in ten years, and then to St Petersburg. The short story "A Little Hero" (Dostoevsky's only work completed in prison) appeared in

11880-601: The music, Celtic punk fashion is a mixture of standard punk fashion and traditional Celtic clothing, most notably (and sometimes erronously) tartans . Standard items in Celtic punk fashion include leather jackets, tartans, chains, studs, kilts , and mohawks . The favored tartan among punks in 70s-80s Britain was the Royal Stewart tartan , due to both its widespread availability and perceived anti-establishment connotations. The Scottish Gaelic punk scene can be considered

12012-453: The nobility and enabled him to acquire a small estate in Darovoye, a town about 150 km (100 miles) from Moscow, where the family usually spent the summers. Dostoevsky's parents subsequently had six more children: Varvara (1822–1892), Andrei (1825–1897), Lyubov (born and died 1829), Vera (1829–1896), Nikolai (1831–1883) and Aleksandra (1835–1889). Fyodor Dostoevsky, born on 11 November [ O.S. 30 October] 1821 in Moscow,

12144-526: The other, the pupil was so big that you could not see its color, [this was caused by an injury]. The strangeness of his eyes gave Dostoyevsky some mysterious appearance. His face was pale, and it looked unhealthy." On 15 February 1867 Dostoevsky married Snitkina in Trinity Cathedral, Saint Petersburg . The 7,000 rubles he had earned from Crime and Punishment did not cover their debts, forcing Anna to sell her valuables. On 14 April 1867, they began

12276-475: The philosophy of socialism. He was attracted to its logic, its sense of justice and its preoccupation with the destitute and the disadvantaged. However, his Russian Orthodox faith and religious sensibilities could not accord with Belinsky's admixture of atheism , utilitarianism and scientific materialism , leading to increasing friction between them. Dostoevsky eventually parted with him and his associates. After The Double received negative reviews (including

12408-524: The punk band the Nipple Erectors (subsequently the Nips ). In 1982, he co-founded the Pogues—originally called Pogue Mahone, an anglicisation of the Irish phrase póg mo thóin , meaning "kiss my arse"—who fused punk influences with traditional Irish music . He rose to international fame as the principal songwriter and lead vocalist on the band's first five studio albums, including Rum, Sodomy &

12540-650: The request of Count A. Orlov and Tsar Nicholas I , who feared a revolution like the Decembrist revolt of 1825 in Russia and the Revolutions of 1848 in Europe. The members were held in the well-defended Peter and Paul Fortress , which housed the most dangerous convicts. The case was discussed for four months by an investigative commission headed by the Tsar, with Adjutant General Ivan Nabokov , senator Prince Pavel Gagarin , Prince Vasili Dolgorukov , General Yakov Rostovtsev and General Leonty Dubelt, head of

12672-549: The rock and roll canon... I don't know about the rest of us, but they'll be singing Shane's songs 100 years from now". When Bob Dylan performed a concert in Dublin in 2022, he paid tribute to MacGowan while onstage, describing the former Pogues frontman as one of his "favourite artists". Paul Simon said MacGowan was "that kind of artist that needed to burn very brightly and intensely. Some artists are like that. They produce work that we treasure but they pay for it with their health – their bodily health and their mental health. That

12804-485: The roulette table. At one point, his wife was reportedly forced to pawn her underwear. The couple travelled on to Geneva . In September 1867, Dostoevsky began work on The Idiot , and after a prolonged planning process that bore little resemblance to the published novel, he eventually managed to write the first 100 pages in only 23 days; the serialisation began in The Russian Messenger in January 1868. Their first child, Sofya, had been conceived in Baden-Baden , and

12936-432: The school fees, his father borrowed money and extended his private medical practice. Dostoevsky felt out of place among his aristocratic classmates at the Moscow school, and the experience was later reflected in some of his works, notably The Adolescent . On 27 February 1837, Dostoevsky's mother died of tuberculosis . The previous May, his parents had sent Dostoevsky and his brother Mikhail to Saint Petersburg to attend

13068-474: The secret police. They sentenced the members of the circle to death by firing squad, and the prisoners were taken to Semyonov Place in Saint Petersburg on 23 December 1849. They were split into three-man groups and the first group was taken in front of the firing squad. Dostoevsky was the third in the second row; next to him stood Pleshcheyev and Durov . The execution was stayed when a cart delivered

13200-423: The socialist revolutionary group "People's Vengeance" had murdered one of its own members, Ivan Ivanov, on 21 November 1869, Dostoevsky began writing Demons . In 1871, Dostoevsky and Anna travelled by train to Berlin. During the trip, he burnt several manuscripts, including those of The Idiot , because he was concerned about potential problems with customs. The family arrived in Saint Petersburg on 8 July, marking

13332-441: The sole supporter of his brother's family. The failure of Epoch , the magazine he had founded with Mikhail after the suppression of Vremya , worsened his financial situation, although the continued help of his relatives and friends averted bankruptcy. The first two parts of Crime and Punishment were published in January and February 1866 in the periodical The Russian Messenger , attracting at least 500 new subscribers to

13464-551: The tenant resulted in a relatively low selling price, and disputes with their creditors continued. Anna proposed that they raise money on her husband's copyrights and negotiate with the creditors to pay off their debts in installments. Dostoevsky revived his friendships with Maykov and Strakhov and made new acquaintances, including church politician Terty Filipov and the brothers Vsevolod and Vladimir Solovyov . Konstantin Pobedonostsev , future Imperial High Commissioner of

13596-408: The terrorist organisation Narodnaya Volya ("The People's Will") who would soon assassinate Tsar Alexander II, the Tsar's secret police executed a search warrant in the apartment of one of Dostoevsky's neighbours. On the following day, Dostoevsky suffered a pulmonary haemorrhage . Anna denied that the search had caused it, saying that the haemorrhage had occurred after her husband had been looking for

13728-415: The twenty-year-old Anna Grigoryevna Snitkina . Her shorthand helped Dostoevsky to complete The Gambler on 30 October, after 26 days' work. She remarked that Dostoevsky was of average height but always tried to carry himself erect. "He had light brown, slightly reddish hair, he used some hair conditioner, and he combed his hair in a diligent way ... his eyes, they were different: one was dark brown; in

13860-505: The winter in Staraya Russa to allow Dostoevsky to rest, although doctors had suggested a second visit to Ems because his health had previously improved there. On 10 August 1875 his son Alexey was born in Staraya Russa, and in mid-September the family returned to Saint Petersburg. Dostoevsky finished The Adolescent at the end of 1875, although passages of it had been serialised in Notes of the Fatherland since January. The Adolescent chronicles

13992-496: The works from writer Ann Radcliffe ; romantic works by Schiller and Goethe ; heroic tales by Miguel de Cervantes and Walter Scott ; and Homer 's epics . Dostoevsky was greatly influenced by the work of Nikolai Gogol . Although his father's approach to education has been described as strict and harsh, Dostoevsky himself reported that his imagination was brought alive by nightly readings by his parents. Some of his childhood experiences found their way into his writings. When

14124-509: The young Dostoevsky imagines hearing a wolf in the forest, Marey, who is working nearby, comforts him. Although Dostoevsky had a delicate physical constitution, his parents described him as hot-headed, stubborn, and cheeky. In 1833, Dostoevsky's father, who was profoundly religious, sent him to a French boarding school and then to the Chermak boarding school. He was described as a pale, introverted dreamer and an over-excitable romantic. To pay

14256-410: Was "a famously voracious consumer of drugs and prone to physical trauma". MacGowan began drinking alcohol at age five, when his family gave him Guinness to help him sleep. His father frequently took him to the local pub while he drank with his friends. He suffered physically from years of binge drinking . MacGowan also used LSD, and he developed a heroin addiction during his tenure with the Pogues. In

14388-643: Was "burned by some fever, trembling and feeling too hot or too cold every night". The smell of the privy pervaded the entire building, and the small bathroom had to suffice for more than 200 people. Dostoevsky was occasionally sent to the military hospital, where he read newspapers and Dickens novels. He was respected by most of the other prisoners, but despised by some Polish political prisoners because of his Russian nationalism and anti-Polish sentiments. After his release on 14 February 1854, Dostoevsky asked Mikhail to help him financially and to send him books by Vico , Guizot , Ranke , Hegel and Kant . The House of

14520-629: Was 65. He left an estate of €849,733, which he willed to his wife. On 8 December, MacGowan's coffin was borne through the streets of Dublin on a horse-drawn carriage as fans lined the streets for his funeral procession. Later hundreds gathered inside and outside Saint Mary of the Rosary Church in Nenagh , County Tipperary, including celebrities Nick Cave , Johnny Depp , BP Fallon , Bob Geldof , Aidan Gillen , President of Ireland Michael D. Higgins and former Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams . There

14652-430: Was Shane". In 2001, MacGowan coauthored the autobiographical book A Drink with Shane MacGowan with his future wife, Victoria Mary Clarke. The book was published by Pan Macmillan . Aside from Rake at the Gates of Hell: Shane MacGowan in Context , which covered a portion of his musical career, MacGowan was the subject of a 2015 biography, A Furious Devotion: The Life of Shane MacGowan , published by Omnibus Press . He

14784-606: Was a frequent guest in several salons in Saint Petersburg and met many famous people, including Countess Sophia Tolstaya , Yakov Polonsky , Sergei Witte , Alexey Suvorin , Anton Rubinstein and Ilya Repin . Dostoevsky's health declined further, and in March 1877 he had four epileptic seizures. Rather than returning to Ems, he visited Maly Prikol, a manor near Kursk . While returning to St Petersburg to finalise his Diary , he visited Darovoye, where he had spent much of his childhood. In December he attended Nekrasov's funeral and gave

14916-490: Was also the subject of several books and paintings. In 2000, Tim Bradford used the title Is Shane MacGowan Still Alive? for a humorous book about Ireland and Irish culture. Shaman Shane: The Wounded Healer by Stephan Martin brands Shane as a latter-day London-Irish spirit-raiser and exorcist. This commentary is found in the book Myth of Return: The Paintings of Brian Whelan and Collected Commentaries . London Irish artist Brian Whelan has painted MacGowan (for example Boy from

15048-479: Was assigned to a Moscow hospital, where he served as military doctor, and in 1818 he was appointed a senior physician. In 1819 he married Maria Nechayeva. The following year, he took up a post at the Mariinsky Hospital for the poor. In 1828, when his two sons, Mikhail and Fyodor, were eight and seven respectively, he was promoted to collegiate assessor, a position which raised his legal status to that of

15180-751: Was born in Geneva on 5 March 1868. The baby died of pneumonia three months later, and Anna recalled how Dostoevsky "wept and sobbed like a woman in despair". Sofya was buried at the Cimetière des Rois ( Cemetery of Kings ), which is considered the Genevan Panthéon . The grave was later dissolved but in 1986 the International Dostoevsky Society donated a commemorative plaque. The couple moved from Geneva to Vevey and then to Milan before continuing to Florence. The Idiot

15312-465: Was born on 25 December 1957 in Pembury , Kent, the son of Irish parents who were visiting relatives in England at the time of his birth. MacGowan spent his early childhood in Tipperary , Ireland. His younger sister, Siobhan MacGowan , was born in 1963; she later became a journalist, writer, and songwriter. MacGowan and his family moved to England when he was aged six and a half. His father, Maurice, from

15444-466: Was completed there in January 1869, the final part appearing in The Russian Messenger in February 1869. Anna gave birth to their second daughter, Lyubov , on 26 September 1869 in Dresden. In April 1871, Dostoevsky made a final visit to a gambling hall in Wiesbaden. Anna claimed that he stopped gambling after the birth of their second daughter, but this is a subject of debate. After hearing news that

15576-757: Was dancing inside the church as " Fairytale of New York " was performed by the Pogues with Glen Hansard , Lisa O'Neill and John Sheahan from the Dubliners . "Fairytale of New York" went to No. 1 in Ireland on the weekend of MacGowan's funeral. On 13 December 2023, the Pogues reissued the song as a charity seven-inch single in tribute to MacGowan and to benefit the Dublin Simon Community , an anti-homelessness organisation that MacGowan had supported. A pair of posthumous portraits, following MacGowan’s last London visit by artist, Dan Llywelyn Hall were unveiled in London to support Encephalitis Society . Following MacGowan's death, Michael D. Higgins ,

15708-476: Was diagnosed with viral encephalitis . Days after MacGowan had entered hospital, Clarke told the Irish Independent that he "'seems perfectly normal now – he is pissed off because he can't have a drink in the hospital'". Clarke reportedly added that she had urged MacGowan to "ditch his hard-living lifestyle", but that her efforts had not met with success. It was reported on 23 July 2023 that MacGowan

15840-572: Was diagnosed with early-stage pulmonary emphysema , which his doctor believed could be successfully managed, but not cured. On 3 February 1880 Dostoevsky was elected vice-president of the Slavic Benevolent Society, and he was invited to speak at the unveiling of the Pushkin memorial in Moscow. On 8 June he delivered his speech , giving an impressive performance that had a significant emotional impact on his audience. His speech

15972-525: Was elected to the board of directors of the Slavic Benevolent Society in Saint Petersburg. That summer, he was elected to the honorary committee of the Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale , whose members included Victor Hugo , Ivan Turgenev , Paul Heyse , Alfred Tennyson , Anthony Trollope , Henry Longfellow , Ralph Waldo Emerson and Leo Tolstoy . Dostoevsky made his fourth and final visit to Ems in early August 1879. He

16104-449: Was finished on 26 November and released in January 1873 by the "Dostoevsky Publishing Company", which was founded by Dostoevsky and his wife. Although they accepted only cash payments and the bookshop was in their own apartment, the business was successful, and they sold around 3,000 copies of Demons . Anna managed the finances. Dostoevsky proposed that they establish a new periodical, which would be called A Writer's Diary and would include

16236-464: Was greatly alleviated when he joined the utopian socialist Beketov circle, a tightly knit community which helped him to survive. When the circle dissolved, Dostoevsky befriended Apollon Maykov and his brother Valerian . In 1846, on the recommendation of the poet Aleksey Pleshcheyev , he joined the Petrashevsky Circle , founded by Mikhail Petrashevsky , who had proposed social reforms in Russia. Mikhail Bakunin once wrote to Alexander Herzen that

16368-455: Was hospitalised in an intensive care unit . Following treatment for an infection, he was visited by many celebrities while in hospital. He was discharged from St. Vincent's University Hospital on 23 November 2023 after 4 months of treatment, but was shortly thereafter re-admitted with another infection. At 3:30 a.m. on 30 November 2023, as he was receiving last rites , MacGowan died from pneumonia with his wife and sister-in-law by his side; he

16500-457: Was made much worse by the introduction of hard drugs such as heroin. Clarke added that a serious bout with pneumonia —compounded by his 2015 hip injury, which required a long hospital stay—was ultimately responsible for his sobriety. The hospital stay required a total detox, and MacGowan's sobriety continued after he returned home. MacGowan was long known for having very bad teeth . He lost the last of his natural teeth around 2008. In 2015, he had

16632-675: Was met with thunderous applause, and even his long-time rival Turgenev embraced him. Konstantin Staniukovich praised the speech in his essay "The Pushkin Anniversary and Dostoevsky's Speech" in The Business , writing that "the language of Dostoevsky's [Pushkin Speech] really looks like a sermon. He speaks with the tone of a prophet. He makes a sermon like a pastor; it is very deep, sincere, and we understand that he wants to impress

16764-410: Was no student in the entire institution with less of a military bearing than F.M. Dostoevsky. He moved clumsily and jerkily; his uniform hung awkwardly on him; and his knapsack , shako and rifle all looked like some sort of fetter he had been forced to wear for a time and which lay heavily on him." Dostoevsky's character and interests made him an outsider among his 120 classmates: he showed bravery and

16896-553: Was placed on a table, following Russian custom. He was interred in the Tikhvin Cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky Convent , near his favourite poets, Nikolay Karamzin and Vasily Zhukovsky . It is unclear how many attended his funeral. According to one reporter, more than 100,000 mourners were present, while others describe attendance between 40,000 and 50,000. His tombstone is inscribed with lines from

17028-536: Was reading authors including Fyodor Dostoyevsky , John Steinbeck , and James Joyce . At 13, he was among the winners of a literary contest sponsored by the Daily Mirror . In 1971, he left Holmewood House preparatory school in Langton Green , Kent, with a literature scholarship for Westminster School . Found in possession of drugs, he was expelled in his second year. At age 17, he spent six months in

17160-546: Was sharing an apartment at the time, took the manuscript to the poet Nikolay Nekrasov , who in turn showed it to the renowned and influential literary critic Vissarion Belinsky . Belinsky described it as Russia's first " social novel ". Poor Folk was released on 15 January 1846 in the St Petersburg Collection almanac and became a commercial success. Dostoevsky felt that his military career would endanger his now flourishing literary career, so he wrote

17292-537: Was the second child of Dr. Mikhail Dostoevsky and Maria Dostoevskaya (born Nechayeva). He was raised in the family home in the grounds of the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor, which was in a lower class district on the edges of Moscow. Dostoevsky encountered the patients, who were at the lower end of the Russian social scale, when playing in the hospital gardens. Dostoevsky was introduced to literature at an early age. From

17424-400: Was uncertain about their relationship. According to Anna Dostoevskaya's memoirs, Dostoevsky once asked his sister's sister-in-law, Yelena Ivanova, whether she would marry him, hoping to replace her mortally ill husband after he died, but she rejected his proposal. Dostoevsky and Polina Suslova had a short but intimate affair, which peaked in the winter of 1862–1863. Suslova's dalliance with

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