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42-460: The Shantar Islands lie on the eastern side of Uda Bay ; until 9,000-10,000 years ago they were connected, which explains why there the floral ecosystem of the island contains no endemic species. Of the 15 islands and many rocks that rise above the surface, two make up 75% of the terrestrial area of the park: Bolshoy Shantar Island (176,600 hectares (436,000 acres), or 30x45 miles in size), and Feklistova Island (37,200 hectares (92,000 acres)) which

84-594: A high-visibility vest and depth gauge . The mannequin was swallowed and spat up far down current with a depth gauge reading of 262 m (860 ft) and evidence of being dragged along the bottom for a great distance. About three miles (4.8 kilometers) downstream from Niagara Falls is the Niagara Whirlpool . Located mostly in Canada and partially in the United States, the whirlpool is crossed by

126-587: A gigantic circular vortex that reaches the bottom of the ocean, when in fact it is a set of currents and crosscurrents with a rate of 18 km/h (11 mph). Poe described this phenomenon in his short story " A Descent into the Maelström ", which in 1841 was the first to use the word maelstrom in the English language; in this story related to the Lofoten Maelstrom, two fishermen are swallowed by

168-499: A large whirlpool between Cape Tyl'sky and Medvezhy Island . The northern spurs of the Taikan Range rise inland from the southern shore of the bay. Between 1852 and 1905, American and Russian whaleships cruised for bowhead whales in the bay. They called it Southwest Bay . Some traded tobacco for salmon with the natives . The barque Louisa , of New Bedford , reported as many as fifty ships in sight in

210-498: A large disaster comes from the fourteenth-century Mali Empire ruler Mansa Musa , as reported by a contemporary, Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari : The ruler who preceded me did not believe that it was impossible to reach the extremity of the ocean that encircles the earth (meaning Atlantic), and wanted to reach that (end) and obstinately persisted in the design. So he equipped two hundred boats full of men, like many others full of gold, water and victuals sufficient for several years. He ordered

252-458: A little inward from the shore can hardly getaway. I have heard a certain high nobleman of the Gauls relating that a number of ships, shattered at first by a tempest, were afterward devoured by this same Charybdis . And when one only out of all the men who had been in these ships, still breathing, swam over the waves, while the rest were dying, he came, swept by the force of the receding waters, up to

294-480: A maelstrom, although only smaller craft are actually in danger. Smaller whirlpools appear at river rapids and can be observed downstream of artificial structures such as weirs and dams. Large cataracts , such as Niagara Falls , produce strong whirlpools. Saltstraumen is a narrow strait located close to the Arctic Circle , 33 km (20 mi) south-east of the city of Bodø , Norway . It has one of

336-788: A short story by Edgar Allan Poe named " A Descent into the Maelström " (1841). The second is Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas (1870), a novel by Jules Verne . At the end of this novel, Captain Nemo seems to commit suicide, sending his Nautilus submarine into the Maelstrom (although in Verne's sequel Nemo and the Nautilus were seen to have survived). The "Norway maelstrom" is also mentioned in Herman Melville's Moby-Dick . In

378-492: A squall knocks the engine out of commission, they face the whirlpool. Torquil manages to repair the engine before the tide turns, and they return to the mainland. This part of the picture uses footage Powell filmed, while tied to a mast to leave both hands free for the camera, at Corryvreckan, incorporated into scenes shot in a huge tank at the studio. In the 2007 film Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End ,

420-516: A whirlpool, which sucked entire ships into its fold in the narrow coast of Sicily , a disaster faced by navigators. During the 8th century, Paul the Deacon , who had lived among the Belgii, described tidal bores and the maelstrom for a Mediterranean audience unused to such violent tidal surges: Not very far from this shore... toward the western side, on which the ocean main lies open without end,

462-521: Is a body of rotating water produced by opposing currents or a current running into an obstacle. Small whirlpools form when a bath or a sink is draining. More powerful ones formed in seas or oceans may be called maelstroms ( / ˈ m eɪ l s t r ɒ m , - r ə m / MAYL -strom, -⁠strəm ). Vortex is the proper term for a whirlpool that has a downdraft . In narrow ocean straits with fast flowing water, whirlpools are often caused by tides . Many stories tell of ships being sucked into

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504-548: Is about 20 km (12 mi) west of Bolshoy Shantar . Uda Bay separates the main islands from the coast to the west. Tides reach 5 – 8 m (16.5 - 26.2 ft), and currents around the island are very strong. Fog is frequent. The climate of Shantar Islands is more severe than that of the Okhotsk Sea in general. The prevailing northeast winds push ice floes into the coast around Shantar, leaving only 2–3 months per year of ice-free water. The official climate designation for

546-467: Is determined to get to the Isle of Kiloran and marry her fiancé. Dangerous weather delays her crossing, and her determination becomes desperate when she realizes that she is falling in love with Torquil MacNeil ( Roger Livesey ). Against the advice of experienced folk, she offers a young fisherman a huge sum of money to take her over. At the last moment, Royal Naval Officer Torquil steps into the boat, and after

588-513: Is of the 1500s, Olaus Magnus , a Swedish bishop, who had stated that a maelstrom more powerful than the one written about in the Odyssey sucked in ships, which sank to the bottom of the sea, and even whales were pulled in. Pytheas , the Greek historian, also mentioned that maelstroms swallowed ships and threw them up again. The monster Charybdis of Greek mythology was later rationalized as

630-500: Is still being established with rules, infrastructure and zoning being developed. Ecotourism, education, and scientific study are all stated in the plans for the territory. There are commercial tour groups operating in the area. Uda Bay Uda Bay ( Russian : Удская губа ; Udskaya Guba ) is a bay in Khabarovsk Krai , Russian Federation . Uda Bay is located in the northwestern Sea of Okhotsk . It lies just west of

672-685: Is supposedly the whirlpool depicted in Olaus Magnus's map, labeled as "Horrenda Caribdis" ( Charybdis ). The Moskstraumen is formed by the combination of powerful semi-diurnal tides and the unusual shape of the seabed , with a shallow ridge between the Moskenesøya and Værøya islands which amplifies and whirls the tidal currents. The fictional depictions of the Moskstraumen by Edgar Allan Poe , Jules Verne , and Cixin Liu describe it as

714-519: Is that very deep whirlpool of waters which we call by its familiar name "the navel of the sea". This is said to suck in the waves and spew them forth again twice every day. ... They say there is another whirlpool of this kind between the island of Britain and the province of Galicia , and with this fact the coasts of the Seine region and of Aquitaine agree, for they are filled twice a day with such sudden inundations that any one who may by chance be found only

756-474: The Life of St Columba , the author, Adomnan of Iona , attributes to the saint miraculous knowledge of a particular bishop who sailed into a whirlpool off the coast of Ireland. In Adomnan's narrative, he quotes Columba saying Cólman mac Beognai has set sail to come here and is now in great danger in the surging tides of the whirlpool of Corryvreckan. Sitting in the prow, he lifts up his hands to heaven and blesses

798-623: The Shantar Islands . The Uda River flows into it. It is entered between Cape Madzhalinda (55°17' N, 136°07' E) and Cape Malaya Dugandzha (54°41' N, 136°39' E). It is about 64.4 km (40.0 mi) wide. Trees line its shores, principally fir . Calms and light winds prevail from March or April to June, while southwesterly winds are common in July and August. Northwesterly gales and northeast storms are frequent in October and November. During

840-637: The Whirlpool Aero Car . The basin of the whirlpool is 1,700 feet (518 meters) long and 1,200 feet (365 meters) wide. Its maximum water depth is 125 feet (38 meters). Old Sow whirlpool is located between Deer Island, New Brunswick , Canada, and Moose Island, Eastport, Maine , USA. It is given the epithet "pig-like" as it makes a screeching noise when the vortex is at its full fury and reaches speeds of as much as 27.6 km/h (17.1 mph). The smaller whirlpools around this Old Sow are known as "Piglets". The Naruto whirlpools are located in

882-592: The Naruto Strait near Awaji Island in Japan, which have speeds of 26 km/h (16 mph). Skookumchuck Narrows is a tidal rapids that develops whirlpools, on the Sunshine Coast , British Columbia , Canada with speeds of the current exceeding 30 km/h (19 mph). French Pass ( Te Aumiti ) is a narrow and treacherous stretch of water that separates D'Urville Island from the north end of

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924-466: The Shantar area is " Subarctic climate " ( Köppen climate classification Dwc), with long, cold winters and short cool summers. The maritime ecoregion of Shantar Islands is "North Temperate Indo-Pacific / Sea of Okhotsk", (WWF Maritime Ecoregion #204), characterized by cool but fertile waters that support enormous fisheries and bird centers. Currents keep the areas near the coast cooler than areas to

966-554: The South Island of New Zealand. In 2000 a whirlpool there caught student divers, resulting in fatalities. A short-lived whirlpool sucked in a portion of the 1,300-acre (530 ha) Lake Peigneur in Louisiana, United States after a drilling mishap on November 20, 1980. This was not a naturally occurring whirlpool, but a disaster caused by underwater drillers breaking through the roof of a salt mine. The lake then drained into

1008-605: The bay at one time, ten of which were boiling oil. Three ships were wrecked in the bay. The bark Ocean Wave (380 tons), of New Bedford , under Captain Hiram Baker, and the bark Phoenix (323 tons), of Nantucket , under Captain Bethuel Gifford Handy, were both wrecked during a gale on the night of 11 October 1858. The former was lost with all hands on one of the Pinnacle Rocks , while the latter

1050-404: The chief (admiral) not to return until they had reached the extremity of the ocean, or if they had exhausted the provisions and the water. They set out. Their absence extended over a long period, and, at last, only one boat returned. On our questioning, the captain said: 'Prince, we have navigated for a long time, until we saw in the midst of the ocean as if a big river was flowing violently. My boat

1092-588: The coast to cover salmon spawning areas. Terrestrial mammals include brown bear, caribou, red fox, sable, river otter, and ringed seals. Over 240 species of birds live on or migrate through the Shantars, including the endangered species such as the Blakiston's fish owl and Steller's sea eagle . The islands have a long history of visits by humans for use as bases for fur trapping, whaling, fishing, and hunting. American whaleships hunted bowhead whales around

1134-436: The east; the variety and proximity of temperature support the high levels of biodiversity. The larger islands are covered with dark coniferous forests, primarily Siberian spruce, larch, cedar, and birch. There are no endemic plant species on the islands, as they are close to, and until relatively recently connected to, the mainland. Park rules will protect the maritime environment, with fishing prohibited out to 1–3 miles from

1176-400: The edge of that most frightful abyss. And when now he beheld yawning before him the deep chaos whose end he could not see, and half dead from very fear, expected to be hurled into it, suddenly in a way that he could not have hoped he was cast upon a certain rock and sat him down. Three of the most notable literary references to the Lofoten Maelstrom date from the nineteenth century. The first is

1218-523: The final battle between the Black Pearl and the Flying Dutchman takes place with both ships sailing inside a giant whirlpool which appears to be over a kilometer wide and several hundred meters deep. The fantasy novels Eldest and The Bellmaker (otherwise unconnected) both feature a scene where the protagonists' ship escapes pursuit by successfully navigating a massive whirlpool, while

1260-503: The islands between 1852 and 1907. Logging has occurred in past, and the islands are in a region with potential mineral reserves - all adding pressure on the site for economic use. The islands were set aside as a state nature reserve in 1999, and except for a meteorological station and occasional scientific camps, are now uninhabited. In 2017, further protections were accepted to divide the area into several zones and will completely ban any economical activities within certain area(s). The park

1302-413: The lake. At the time of the whirlpool's formation, the lake was being drained after reaching its highest level ever. The Army Corps of Engineers , which operates the dam and lake, expected that the whirlpool would last until the lake reached normal seasonal levels by late July. Powerful whirlpools have killed unlucky seafarers, but their power tends to be exaggerated by laymen. One of the few reports of

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1344-555: The maelstrom while one survives. The Corryvreckan is a narrow strait between the islands of Jura and Scarba , in Argyll and Bute , on the northern side of the Gulf of Corryvreckan , Scotland . It is the third-largest whirlpool in the world. Flood tides and inflow from the Firth of Lorne to the west can drive the waters of Corryvreckan to waves of more than 9 metres (30 ft), and

1386-411: The mine until the mine filled and the water levels equalized, but the formerly 10-foot (3.0 m) deep lake was now 1,300 feet (400 m) deep. This mishap caused a sinkhole, and in the end, resulted in the destruction of five houses, the loss of nineteen barges and eight tug boats, oil rigs, a mobile home, trees, acres of land, and most of a botanical garden. The adjacent settlement of Jefferson Island

1428-567: The pursuing vessel fails to do so and is dragged under. One of the earliest uses in English of the Scandinavian word malström or malstrøm was by Edgar Allan Poe in his short story " A Descent into the Maelström " (1841). The Nordic word itself is derived from the Dutch word maelstrom ( pronounced [ˈmaːlstroːm] ; modern spelling maalstroom ), from malen ('to mill' or 'to grind') and stroom ('stream'), to form

1470-569: The roar of the resulting maelstrom, which reaches speeds of 18 km/h (11 mph), can be heard 16 km (10 mi) away. Though it was classified initially as non-navigable by the Royal Navy it was later categorized as "extremely dangerous". A documentary team from Scottish independent producers Northlight Productions once threw a mannequin into the Corryvreckan ("the Hag") with

1512-566: The strongest tidal currents in the world. Whirlpools up to 10 metres (33 ft) in diameter and 5 metres (16 ft) in depth are formed when the current is at its strongest. Moskstraumen or Moske-stroom is an unusual system of whirlpools in the open seas in the Lofoten Islands off the Norwegian coast . It is the second strongest whirlpool in the world with flow currents reaching speeds as high as 32 km/h (20 mph). This

1554-453: The turbulent, terrible seas. Yet the Lord terrifies him in this way, not so that the ship in which he sits should be overwhelmed and wrecked by the waves, but rather to rouse him to pray more fervently that he may sail through the peril and reach us here. The Corryvreckan whirlpool plays a key role in the 1945 Powell and Pressburger film I Know Where I'm Going! . Joan Webster ( Wendy Hiller )

1596-469: The winter northwesterly winds are prevalent. The bay is normally enshrouded in fog during the spring and early summer. Ice typically occurs in the bay between November and mid-July. During favorable years the ice may leave by June, but after severe winters it may remain throughout the year. Tides are semidiurnal. Springs rise 6.1 to 7.3 m (20 to 24 ft), while neaps rise 4.2 m (14 ft). Tidal currents can reach four or five knots and create

1638-540: The wreck during the winter, and the following spring Lindholm salvaged what valuables he could before setting her afire. Russian schooners and boat crews from Tugur and Mamga also cruised for bowheads in the bay from 1863 to 1874. In the spring and summer beluga whales aggregate at the head of Uda Bay to feed on spawning fish in the Uda and Torom river estuaries , while in the summer and fall bowhead whales also come here to feed. Whirlpool A whirlpool

1680-526: Was reduced in area by 10%. A crater 0.5 miles (0.8 km) across was left behind. Nine of the barges, which had sunk, later resurfaced after the whirlpool subsided. A more recent example of an artificial whirlpool that received significant media coverage occurred in early June 2015, when an intake vortex formed in Lake Texoma , on the Oklahoma–Texas border, near the floodgates of the dam that forms

1722-724: Was run ashore on Medvezhy Island. After spending a winter ashore, Captain Handy and his crew were rescued the following spring. On 18 September 1864, the barque Mary (287 tons), of New Bedford, was wrecked in Northeast Harbor , on the north side of the bay, during a gale. Her captain, Edwin P. Thompson, traveled to the Russian whaling station Mamga in Tugur Bay , where she was sold at auction for between $ 970 and $ 1,100 to Otto Wilhelm Lindholm. The second mate and four men guarded

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1764-597: Was the last one; others were ahead of me. As soon as any of them reached this place, it drowned in the whirlpool and never came out. I sailed backward to escape this current.' Tales like those by Paul the Deacon , Edgar Allan Poe , and Jules Verne are entirely fictional. However, temporary whirlpools caused by major engineering disasters, such as the Lake Peigneur disaster, have been recorded as capable of submerging medium-sized watercraft such as barges and tugboats. Besides Poe and Verne, another literary source

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