119-586: Shaw National Distribution Centre (also known as Shaw NDC ) was a warehouse distribution centre located in Shaw and Crompton , a town in Greater Manchester , England. It was the main distribution and order processing centre for British retailer The Very Group who used it to store "over 1,000,000 sq ft (93,000 m) of products", ready for delivery through their distribution arm, Business Express, which later became Home Delivery Network after
238-497: A centralised system of local government officially called local administration as it is a branch of the Executive . The country is divided into 27 governorates ( محافظة muḥāfaẓah ; Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [moˈħɑfzˤɑ] ; genitive case : muḥāfaẓat [moˈħɑfzˤet] ; plural: محافظات muḥāfaẓāt [moħɑfˈzˤɑːt] ), the top tier of local administration. A governorate
357-470: A federal republic operates three tiers of government: federal (or central), states and local government. The country's constitution provides for each local government (which exists in a single tier countrywide), and its development areas and autonomous communities created by individual state legislation to have democratically elected local government heads. There is a ministry (or bureau) of local government and chieftaincy affairs in each state charged with
476-524: A meander of the River Beal . The dual name of both Shaw and Crompton has been said to make the town "distinctive, if not unique", while preference of Shaw over Crompton and vice versa has been (and to a limited extent remains) a minor local controversy and point of confusion. Today, the single name of Shaw seems to have won preference in the locality. Shaw was originally a hamlet and sub-district of Crompton, where it appears to have originated as
595-651: A township within the ancient ecclesiastical parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham , in the hundred of Salford . Throughout the Middle Ages , local men acted as jurors and constables for the purposes of upholding law and order in the township. Following the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 , Crompton formed part of the Oldham Poor Law Union , an inter-parish unit established to provide social security . Crompton's first local authority
714-683: A 20-acre (8.1 ha) complex within the town. In 2007, the site became the retail company's only packing and distribution centre for non-bulk items. At its peak it employed nearly 1,000 staff, making it the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham's largest private employer. Crompton was recorded in 1212 as being one of the five parts of the thegnage estate of Kaskenmoor, which was held on behalf of King John by Roger de Montbegon and William de Nevill. The other parts of this estate were Glodwick , Sholver , Oldham , and Werneth , names and places still familiar today. Crompton would later form
833-483: A Nazim (the word means "supervisor" in Urdu, but is sometimes translated as Mayor). Some districts, incorporating large metropolitan areas, are called City Districts. A City District may contain subdivisions called Towns and Union Councils. Council elections are held every four years. District Governments also include a District Coordination Officer (DCO), who is a civil servant in-charge of all devolved departments. Currently,
952-479: A [local] jurisdiction that has adequate political, administrative, and fiscal autonomy and authority to respond to the needs and priorities of its constituents". Questions regarding the empowerment of local government institutions, the structure and nature of local political leadership, and the extent of local self-governance and municipal autonomy are key questions of public administration and governance. Local elections are held in many countries. Egypt has
1071-441: A chairperson and a number of members. In 1997, a parliamentary act was passed to reserve three seats (out of 12) in every union for female candidates. Dhaka is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh. The cities with a city corporation, having mayoral elections, include Dhaka South, Dhaka North, Chittagong, Khulna, Sylhet, Rajshahi, Barisal, Rangpur, Comilla and Gazipur. Other major cities, these and other municipalities electing
1190-562: A cluster of cotton mills in the central part of the town—Lily, Lily (No. 2), Newby, Rutland, Ash and Dee. Rutland Mill was built in 1907, taken over by the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in 1930s and absorbed into the Courtaulds group in 1964. It closed for business in 1966. The Lily mills were designed by G. Stott, and built in 1904 and 1917 respectively. They were both cotton mills until they were purchased in
1309-499: A filming location for domestic films and television programmes, including The Parole Officer , Common As Muck , Scott & Bailey and The Fred Dibnah Story , the latter of which documented Fred Dibnah 's demolition of the Briar and Cape mill chimneys. The town entered the national media in 2010, 2011 and 2012; for the kidnapping of Sahil Saeed , the mugging and death of Nellie Geraghty (which featured on Crimewatch ), and
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#17327717388261428-516: A goods yard was opened in 1863, allowing improved transportation of textile goods and raw materials to and from the township. Neighbouring Royton had begun to encroach upon the township's southern boundary, forming a continuous urban cotton-spinning district with Oldham, Lees and Chadderton —the Oldham parliamentary constituency —which was responsible for 13% of the world's cotton production. The demand for cheap cotton goods from this area prompted
1547-418: A mayor and councilors for each ward, include Mymensingh, Gopalganj, Jessore, Bogra, Dinajpur, Saidapur, Narayanganj, Naogaon and Rangamati. Both the municipal heads are elected for a span of five years. The administrative divisions of Brunei mainly consist of daerah , mukim and kampung or kampong . They are organised hierarchically, with daerah being the first level and kampong the third level. All
1666-471: A population of 21,065 as of 2011. The legacy of its industrial past can be seen in its three surviving cotton mills, all of which are home to large distribution companies, among them is Yodel based at Shaw National Distribution Centre , a major employer in the area. The name Shaw is derived from the Old English word sceaga , meaning "wood". The name Crompton is also of Old English derivation, from
1785-470: A rate was levied to raise money for the new church at Oldham , the people of Crompton refused to pay. The manufacture of textiles in Crompton can be traced back to 1474, when a lease dated from that year outlines that the occupant of Crompton Park had spinning wheels , cards and looms , all of which suggest that cloth was being produced in large quantities. The upland geography of the area constrained
1904-467: A reputation for being a "hardy, frugal and somewhat independent breed", which has been attributed to the tradition of absentee landlords and self-sustenance in earlier times. There had been a chapel of ease at the hamlet of Shaw since at least the early 16th century, but, due to ecclesiastical arrangements for the parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham , the inhabitants were obliged to contribute money towards Oldham Parish Church , which in turn had obligation to
2023-446: A result of an interwar economic boom and the over-valuation of shares associated with the textile industry, Shaw and Crompton had more millionaires per capita than any other town in the world. Imports of foreign cotton goods saw a decline in the textile industry by the mid-20th century and the last mill closed in 1989. Shaw and Crompton covers 4.5 square miles (11.7 km ) and is a predominantly suburban area of mixed affluence with
2142-425: A result of an influx of people from Yorkshire and Lancashire looking for employment in the cotton mills. Power looms introduced in the early 19th century put an end to the last remnants of the domestic system in Crompton, but not without resistance. Weavers and spinners were paid according to the amount of cloth they produced; independent hand loom weavers saw a drop in their income, and could not compete with
2261-421: A separate ecclesiastical parish was created for the township in 1835, which was given the name Shaw because of the church's location on Shaw Moor, in Crompton. The names merged to form the present day Shaw and Crompton, which boundary markers have used since at least the 1950s. An early type of axe known as a palstave has been discovered on Crompton Moor , providing evidence of Bronze Age human activity. It
2380-687: A separate level of government, provided they are also able to raise and spend some funds on their own initiative and own responsibility." Other definitions for local governments are less prescriptive and emphasize the political or representative nature of local governments. For instance, OECD defines local governments as "decentralized entities whose governance bodies are elected through universal suffrage and which has general responsibilities and some autonomy with respect to budget, staff and assets." The Local Public Sector Alliance defines local government institutions as "a corporate body (or institutional unit) that performs one or more public sector functions within
2499-482: A series of bridges to link the mills. Meanwhile, the Dee" and "Ash mills were demolished with intention of using the land to further expand the complex. This however was prevented by the fact the Dee mill's engine house was protected by English Heritage and so for the following 10 years, it stood in the middle of wasteland. In the 1990s permission was granted to demolish the neglected engine house and work began on building
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#17327717388262618-599: A smaller number of loya jirga delegates— according to allotted numbers assigned to each district. The delegates then took part in the Loya Jirga. The warlords who rule various regions of the country exert local control. The transitional government is attempting to integrate local governing authorities with the central government, but it lacks the loyalty from the warlords necessary to its governing authority. More traditional elements of political authority—such as Sufi networks, royal lineage, clan strength, age-based wisdom, and
2737-956: A third or fourth level of government, whereas in unitary states , local government usually occupies the second or third level of government. The institutions of local government vary greatly between countries, and even where similar arrangements exist, country-specific terminology often varies. Common designated names for different types of local government entities include counties , districts , cities , townships , towns , boroughs , parishes , municipalities , municipal corporations , shires , villages , and local government areas . The same term may be used in different countries to refer to local governance institutions with vastly different institutional features, powers, or functions. In addition to general-purpose local governments, some countries have special-purpose local governments ( special districts ), such as independent school districts , elected water boards , or local service districts . Although there
2856-655: A three-tier system of local self-government in rural areas in India; The Israeli Ministry of Interior recognizes four types of local government in Israel: Since the Meiji restoration , Japan has had a local government system based on prefectures . The national government oversees much of the country. Municipal governments were historical villages. Now mergers are common for cost effective administration. There are 47 prefectures . They have two main responsibilities. One
2975-407: A total resident population of 21,721, with a population density of around 4,692 people per square mile (1,811 per km ), and an average age of 39. Around 3% of Shaw and Crompton's population is from a black and minority ethnic background (which includes a small but long established community of Bangladeshi heritage), the rest broadly being of white background. Of the residents in
3094-517: A wide range of Warburtons bread products. In August 2012 the building was bought by UDUNK who propose to redevelop the building as commercial units for up to 6 businesses. Until the early 2020s Shaw and Crompton was home to Shop Direct Group 's Shaw National Distribution Centre , which was one of the UK's largest warehouse distribution centres. The company occupied three former cotton mills and state-of-the-art purpose-built storage and sorting facilities on
3213-603: A wide range of services to local residents," while "the scope of their authority is generally much less than that of central government or state governments, and they may or may not be entitled to levy taxes." They are often heavily dependent on grants (transfers) from higher levels of government, and they may also act, to some extent, as agents of central or regional governments. They should also be able to appoint their own officers, independently of external administrative control. Even when local governments act as agents of central or state governments to some extent, they can be treated as
3332-510: A year at Ringway . Shaw and Crompton's built environment is similar to the urban structure of most towns in England , consisting of residential dwellings centred on a High Street in the town centre , which is the local centre of commerce. There is a mixture of low-density urban areas , suburbs , semi-rural and rural locations in Shaw and Crompton, but overwhelmingly the land use in
3451-656: Is a civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham , Greater Manchester , England, and lies on the River Beal at the foothills of the South Pennines . It is located 2.3 miles (3.7 km) north of Oldham , 3.6 miles (5.8 km) south-east of Rochdale and 8.7 miles (14 km) north-east of Manchester . Its largest settlement is Shaw . Historically in Lancashire , the area shows evidence of ancient British and Anglian activity. In
3570-448: Is a generic term for the lowest tiers of governance or public administration within a particular sovereign state . Local governments typically constitute a subdivision of a higher-level political or administrative unit, such as a nation or state. Local governments generally act within the powers and functions assigned to them by law or directives of a higher level of government. In federal states , local government generally comprises
3689-586: Is administered by a governor , who is appointed by the President of Egypt and serves at the president's discretion. Governors have the civilian rank of minister and report directly to the prime minister , who chairs the Board of Governors and meets with them on a regular basis. The Minister of Local Development coordinates the governors and their governorate's budgets. In recent years , Mali has undertaken an ambitious decentralization program, which involves
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3808-512: Is believed that the area was inhabited by Ancient Britons , and that the Brigantes gave the River Beal its name. An ancient track, perhaps of Roman origin, crosses the modern Buckstones Road leading to Castleshaw Roman fort in neighbouring Saddleworth . In 616 Æthelfrith of Bernicia , an Anglo-Saxon king, crossed the Pennines with an army and passed through Manchester to defeat
3927-499: Is designed to allow local people to put forward their priorities for the area in which they live, suggest improvements and have their say on how services are run on a local basis. Shaw and Crompton does not have a mayor , but does have a Chair of Council who performs ceremonial duties, charitable and chairing duties of the council. The Parish Council also has a town crier who jointly with the Chair performs ceremonial duties in and around
4046-405: Is divided into several unions , with each union consisting of multiple villages. In the metropolitan areas, police stations are divided into wards, which are further divided into mahallas . There are no directly elected officials at the divisional or district levels, although elected chairs of subdistricts also sit on district councils. Direct elections are held for each union (or ward), electing
4165-466: Is made up of five buildings; three of which are converted cotton mills, built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and two state-of-the-art purpose built buildings added in the mid 1990s. The first, seen from Linney Lane, is a £61million automated Bulk-Carton Storage facility. The second, which is accessed from Beal Lane, is home to a packing hall and a distribution centre. The site is one of Europe 's largest warehouse distribution centres. The centre
4284-567: Is mediation between national and municipal governments. The other is area wide administration. Local government is the lowest level in the system of government in Malaysia —after federal and state. It has the power to collect taxes (in the form of assessment tax), to create laws and rules (in the form of by-laws) and grants licenses and permits for any trade in its area of jurisdiction, in addition to providing basic amenities, collecting and managing waste and garbage as well as planning and developing
4403-622: Is no single, commonly accepted definition of the term, the most precise definition of local governments is provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) , which divides the general government sector into three sub-sectors (central, state, and local government) and defines local governments as "institutional units whose fiscal, legislative, and executive authority extends over the smallest geographical areas distinguished for administrative and political purposes." The IMF further notes that local governments "typically provide
4522-502: Is represented by carboniferous coal measures . The soils of the town are broadly sterile, the poorest being in the upland moors . Rainfall rises steadily from the Cheshire Plain in a northeasterly direction, and totals are between 51 inches (1,295 mm) to 67 inches (1,702 mm) a year in Shaw and Crompton, which is well above the UK average of 45.4 inches (1,153 mm) and compares to about 33 inches (838 mm)
4641-844: Is the lowest administrative level in Brunei and headed by a ketua kampong or village head. Its population varies from a few hundreds to tens of thousands. The subdivisions of Georgia are autonomous republics ( Georgian : ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა , avtonomiuri respublika ), regions (მხარე, mkhare ), and municipalities (მუნიციპალიტეტი, munits'ipaliteti ). Local government is the third tier of government in India , after Union Government and State Government . The urban local bodies (municipalities) are for urban governance and panchayati raj institutions (panchayats) for rural governance. Urban Local Bodies (ULBs): Rural Local Bodies: Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), knowns as " Panchayats " are
4760-497: The 48 cotton mills that have occupied Shaw and Crompton, only three are still standing, all of which are now used as distribution centres. Since deindustrialisation , Shaw and Crompton's population has continued to grow as a result of intensive housing expansion and redevelopment which has modernised much of its former Victorian and Edwardian terraced housing districts. The town has 9,274 residential dwellings, of which one third are Victorian or Edwardian terraces , built for
4879-521: The Britons in the Battle of Chester . A wave of Anglian colonists followed this military conquest and their settlements are identified by the Old English suffix ton in local place names. Royton , Middleton , Moston , Clayton , Ashton and Crompton are localities northeast of Manchester which may have been founded during that colonisation, suggesting that Crompton as a settlement could date from
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4998-578: The Lancashire Cotton Famine of 1861–1865 , leading to the formation of the Crompton Local Board of Health in 1863, whose purpose was to ensure social security and maintain hygiene and sanitation in the locality. The Great Depression , and First and Second World Wars each contributed to periods of economic decline in Shaw and Crompton. Although the industry endured, as imports of cheaper foreign yarns increased during
5117-420: The Middle Ages , Crompton formed a small township of scattered woods, farmsteads, moorland and swamp. The local lordship was weak or absent, and so Crompton failed to emerge as a manor with its own lord and court. Farming was the main industry of this rural area, with locals supplementing their incomes by hand-loom woollen weaving in the domestic system . The introduction of textile manufacture during
5236-597: The Office for National Statistics , Shaw and Crompton forms part of the Greater Manchester Urban Area , with Manchester city centre itself 8.7 miles (14.0 km) southwest of Shaw and Crompton. Described in Samuel Lewis 's A Topographical Dictionary of England (1848) as located in "a bleak situation", Shaw and Crompton is in the valley of the River Beal , which runs northward through
5355-689: The Second Boer War . It consists of a plaque built into a stone wall that is located between two large bushes. Its inscription reads: It then lists eight men: four who were "killed in action", two who "died of wounds", and two who "died of disease". In 1995, to mark the 50th anniversary of the ending of the Second World War, a landmark known as the Shaw and Crompton Beacon was erected in Jubilee Gardens. Local authority List of forms of government Local government
5474-705: The barangay . The country remains a unitary state and the National Government continues to have strong influence over local government units. A province is led by a governor along with the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (Provincial Council) composed of board members. A mayor leads a city or municipality while the Sangguniang Panlungsod (City Council) and the Sangguniang Bayan (Municipal Council) constitute
5593-536: The explosion of a house in Buckley Street respectively. Shaw and Crompton Metrolink station opened as part of Greater Manchester's light-rail Metrolink network on 16 December 2012. From the 18th century onwards, Shaw and Crompton's economy was closely tied with that of Britain's textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution , particularly the cotton spinning sector. Until
5712-447: The flotation of cotton spinning companies; the investment was followed by the construction of 12 new cotton mills from 1870 and 1900. In the post-war economic boom of 1919–20, investors did not have the time to build new mills and so were prepared to pay vastly inflated sums for shares in existing companies. Many mills were refloated at valuations of up to £500,000 (£29,020,000 as of 2024 ), or five times what they had cost to build before
5831-503: The 1950s by Cyril Lord . They were taken over by Carrington Viyella in around 1970, but closed for business in 1977 when they were purchased by Littlewoods and converted into an "ultra-modern mail-order warehouse". After major structural changes, the site became operational as a mail order processing centre in 1979. The interiors of the cotton mills were stripped of their cotton-spinning machinery , whilst externally, chimneys were felled and reservoirs were removed. Other changes included
5950-649: The 1990s, Shaw and Crompton was the home of Osram , the multinational lightbulb manufacturer, which occupied Duke Mill and was a significant employer in the area. Production has since been moved away from the United Kingdom. Warburtons had one of its 11 major bakeries in Shaw and Crompton from 1965 to January 2012. The "Pennine" bakery produced around 500,000 loaves a week and distributed them to major multiples and independent retailers throughout Greater Manchester, Cheshire , and Derbyshire . Located on Glebe Street, it employed around 200 staff and produced
6069-584: The 7th century. During Anglo-Saxon England , it is assumed from toponymic evidence that the township of Crompton formed around a predominantly Anglian community with a few Norse settlers, and within the extensive Hundred of Salfordshire . Following the Norman conquest of England , Crompton was part of a vast estate given to Roger the Poitevin . It was unmentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086;
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#17327717388266188-587: The Assize Roll for 1245. Crompton is indigenous to the township, and first appears as a family name in the 13th century, when the locality's principal landowner, Hugh de la Legh, changed his family name to "de Crompton" (of Crompton), to reflect the estate he possessed. The family owned a large historic house by the name of Crompton Hall , on the site of Crompton Fold. Crompton Hall first appears in historical records as early as 1442, owned by Thomas de Crompton and his family. The original "medieval" Crompton Hall
6307-500: The Crompton War Memorial Committee, the statue was conceptualised in 1919 by Richard Reginald Goulden , and unveiled on 29 April 1923 by General Sir Ian Hamilton . The original cost for the memorial alone was £4,000, but the total cost, including site and layout, was about £6,067. The inscription on the memorial reads: The symbolic memorial depicts a group in which the central figure is a man defending
6426-560: The Exchequer , visited Shaw NDC in 2005. In 2006, the site won the award for "Business Excellence in the North of England" for private sector firms with more than 250 staff. In May 2006 it was announced that Shaw NDC was to become The Very Group's only packing and distribution centre for non-bulk items, employing nearly 1,000 staff; strengthening Very's position as the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham 's largest private employer. In early 2009
6545-751: The Hospitallers, a religious order that provided care for poor, sick or injured pilgrims to the Holy Land . A medieval cross has been discovered in the ruins of a house at Whitfield. During the High Middle Ages , Crompton was a collection of scattered woods, farmsteads, moorland, swamp and a single corn mill , occupied by a small and close community of families. The area was thinly populated and consisted of several dispersed hamlets, including Whitfield, High Crompton , Cowlishaw, Birshaw and Bovebeale (above Beal). These hamlets were situated above
6664-459: The Industrial Revolution initiated a process of rapid and unplanned urbanisation. A building boom began in Crompton in the mid-19th century, when suitable land for factories in Oldham was becoming scarce. By the late 19th century, Crompton had emerged as a densely populated mill town with forty-eight cotton mills , some of the largest in the United Kingdom, in the area. At its spinning zenith, as
6783-471: The Lily mills, it purchased the adjacent Rutland Mill with the intention of continuing a bridge connection from the other mills and converting it into an automated storage facility. However, it was decided this would cost more money than simply replacing the mill with a purpose made building. Nearby residents were informed of the demolition of Rutland mill and its replacement with a new 'one storey' warehouse, which
6902-680: The Mayor is the supreme of each local government which is elected every 5 (Five) year by local public. Local government is the third tier of government in Pakistan , after Federal Government and Provincial Government. There are three types of administrative unit of local government in Pakistan: There are over five thousand local governments in Pakistan. Since 2001, these have been led by democratically elected local councils, each headed by
7021-499: The Peshawar parties to ensure access to weapons that were doled out to the parties by the government of Pakistan for distribution to fighters inside Afghanistan. The Taliban set up a shura (assembly), made up of senior Taliban members and important tribal from the area. Each shura made laws and collected taxes locally. The Taliban set up a provisional government for the whole of Afghanistan, but it did not exercise central control over
7140-751: The Philippines. There was an attempt to institute an autonomous region in the Cordillera , but that failed and instead the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) was established. Local governments have limited taxing authority. Most of their funds come from the national government via the Internal Revenue Allotment There are three levels of local government in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia :
7259-654: The Powers of Nazim are also held by the DCO. Local government in the Palestinian National Authority -controlled areas are divided into three main groups: Municipal councils, village council and local development committees. The Local Government Code of 1991 provides for the three levels of Local Government Units or LGUs in the Philippines : (1) the province (2) city and municipality , and (3)
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#17327717388267378-563: The Soviet occupation and the development of country-wide resistance, local areas came increasingly under the control of mujaheddin groups that were largely independent of any higher authority; local commanders, in some instances, asserted a measure of independence also from the mujaheddin leadership in Pakistan, establishing their own systems of local government, collecting revenues, running educational and other facilities, and even engaging in local negotiations. Mujaheddin groups retained links with
7497-806: The administrative divisions are under direct governance of the government through the Ministry of Home Affairs. There are four districts in Brunei: Brunei-Muara , Belait , Tutong and Temburong . The administrative level of mukim lies below the district. At present, there are 38 mukims, with 17 in Brunei-Muara, 8 in Tutong, 8 in Belait and 5 in Temburong District. A mukim is headed by a penghulu. A village (Malay: kampung or kampong)
7616-556: The area under its jurisdiction. Gaunpalika (Rural Council) and Nagarpalika (Municipal council) are the local level divisions in Nepal . Which is ruled by third level of government after Federal and Provincial government. In Nepal there are total 753 local levels government (including 6 Metropolises , 11 Sub-metropolises , 276 Municipalities and 460 Gaunpalikas ). And there are total 6,743 wards are formed under these 753 local levels. These local government are ruled by local leaders and
7735-545: The capital district of Bamako , seven regions subdivided into 46 cercles, and 682 rural community districts (communes). The state retains an advisory role in administrative and fiscal matters, and it provides technical support, coordination, and legal recourse to these levels. Opportunities for direct political participation, and increased local responsibility for development have been improved. In August–September 1998, elections were held for urban council members, who subsequently elected their mayors. In May/June 1999, citizens of
7854-483: The cercles will be reinstituted (formerly grouping arrondissements) with a legal and financial basis of their own. Their councils will be chosen by and from members of the communal councils. The regions, at the highest decentralized level, will have a similar legal and financial autonomy, and will comprise a number of cercles within their geographical boundaries. Mali needs to build capacity at these levels, especially to mobilize and manage financial resources. Nigeria as
7973-533: The city council, the municipal council and the municipality. The city council is the highest level of local government. The municipal councils began in 2005 and is the second level of local government. The municipality is the third level of local government. There are 178 municipalities across the kingdom. The first began in Jeddah during the Othmanic period. Each municipality is run by its city's mayor. Collectively,
8092-436: The combined electoral wards of Shaw and Crompton (which are coterminous with the town) 41.7% were married, 9.2% were cohabiting couples, and 9.7% were lone parent families. Forty percent of households were made up of individuals, and 14% had someone living alone at pensionable age. The ethnicity of the town was given as 96% white, 0.5% mixed race , 2.0% Asian, 0.3% black and 0.2% Chinese or other. The place of birth of
8211-480: The commercial and ecclesiastic centre because of a small chapel sited there dating back to the 16th century. Before then, Whitfield had been the largest village in Crompton. In 1872, Shaw was noted as one of three villages in Crompton. However, due to Shaw's urbanisation following the construction of a major road from Werneth to Littleborough , and the establishment of a post office sub-district named and situated in Shaw, it came to dominate Crompton. Additionally,
8330-445: The communes elected their communal council members for the first time. Female voter turnout was about 70% of the total, and observers considered the process open and transparent. With mayors, councils, and boards in place at the local level, newly elected officials, civil society organizations, decentralized technical services, private sector interests, other communes, and donor groups began partnering to further development. Eventually,
8449-469: The company have been approached several times by officials to be told to keep the noise down. In Autumn 2006, Muslim staff at the warehouse contacted local media and claimed they had been forced to resort to hiding and eating in the stock-storage aisles during Ramadan , as they were not granted allowance for breaking their fasts. Unions however counter-claimed this was in line with policy, legislation and business needs. Gordon Brown , then Chancellor of
8568-723: The cotton mill workers of former times. It is considered a popular residential area of relative prosperity, with a variety of housing types. The Buckstones and Rushcroft areas contain modern housing estates and are amongst the most affluent suburbs of the town. They were built as part of an agreement made in the 1950s between the then Crompton Urban District and the County Borough of Oldham councils, to alleviate Oldham's chronic shortage of quality housing. The town has subsequently been described as having "good community spirit and relative prosperity, which, in turn, create popular residential areas". Shaw and Crompton has been used as
8687-414: The east. The larger towns of Rochdale and Oldham lie to the northwest and south respectively; Royton is 1.2 miles (1.9 km) west-southwest. There are no motorways in Shaw and Crompton, though a light rail line bisects the town from north to south. The town has a post office under the Oldham post town . The territory of the civil parish is given as 4.5 square miles (11.7 km ). For purposes of
8806-527: The equivalent, compared with 20% nationwide. Below is a table outlining population growth of the area since 1901. Earlier records show that the area had a population of 872 in 1714. Shaw and Crompton has been a base for distribution companies as a result of the town's good transport links, its supply of large, disused mill properties, and its situation between Manchester, Oldham, Rochdale, Lancashire, and West Yorkshire. The N Brown Group , and children's toy distributors Toy Options have distribution centres in
8925-405: The extension to the distribution centre. This included a project to reroute the River Beal from the centre of the land, to follow a path around the perimeter of the proposed building instead. The new building, which includes packing, sorting and distribution facilities complete with a large trailer yard, opened in 1997 and was put into full use in 2001. At around the same time Littlewoods acquired
9044-907: The first Members of Parliaments (MPs) were the radicals William Cobbett and John Fielden . Winston Churchill was the MP between 1900 and 1906. Churchill once stayed at Crompton Hall , and letters written by him describe how peaceful and tranquil he thought the area to be. Constituency boundaries changed during the 20th century; from 1885 to 1918 Shaw and Crompton lay within Prestwich constituency , from 1918 to 1950 in Royton constituency , from 1950 until 1983 in Heywood and Royton constituency , and from 1983 to 1997 in Littleborough and Saddleworth constituency . Since 1997, Shaw and Crompton has lain within
9163-496: The first recorded use of the name Crompton for the township was discovered in legal documents relating to Cockersand Abbey near Lancaster , dating from the early 13th century. The document outlines that Gilbert de Notton, a Norman who had acquired the land from Roger de Montbegon , granted his estate to Cockersand Abbey. The Knights Hospitaller and Whalley Abbey held small estates in the township. In 1234, about 80 acres (32 ha) of land at Whitfield in Crompton were given to
9282-575: The following subdivisions: The rayons are further divided into municipalities ( Bələdiyyə ). Bangladesh is divided into eight administrative divisions, each named after their respective divisional headquarters: Barisal , Chittagong , Dhaka , Khulna , Rajshahi , Sylhet , Rangpur and Mymensingh Division . Divisions are divided into zila . There are 64 zila in Bangladesh, each further divided into upazila or thana . The area within each police station, except for those in metropolitan areas,
9401-483: The former Dawn Mill. A derelict row of houses on Eastway was demolished as part of this development. Two houses on Greenfield Lane were also demolished, allowing the existing ALDI store to expand—possibly to help it to compete with the new ASDA store. The original planning application was put to a public vote in 2005, and included proposals for 316 parking spaces, improved bus facilities, pedestrian routes linked to Market Street, junction improvements to nearby streets, and
9520-411: The future generations, represented by young children, against foreign aggression, represented by a beast. The memorial is also a time capsule. Inside it is a lead casket containing coins, a copy of the local newspaper, three cops of spun cotton, and a length of cloth manufactured in the local area. A second, smaller war memorial is located in Jubilee Gardens. It is dedicated to the soldiers who fought in
9639-467: The global market. When suitable land in nearby Oldham (then the largest and most productive mill town in the world) had become scarce in the 1860s, there was a mill building boom in Shaw and Crompton, giving rise to the area as major mill town . The local townscape became dominated by distinctive rectangular brick-built mills, and its former villages and hamlets agglomerated as a single town around these factories. Shaw and Crompton railway station and
9758-457: The individual considers himself to belong, whether a subtribe, village, valley, or neighborhood. Local governing authority relies upon these forms of identity and loyalty. Armenia is subdivided into eleven administrative divisions . Of these, ten are provinces, known as marzer ( մարզեր ) or in the singular form marz ( մարզ ) in Armenian . Azerbaijan is administratively divided into
9877-531: The kingdom's municipalities make up the Ministry of Municipality and Rural Affairs (MoMRA). The Republic of China government in Taiwan consists of special municipality governments, provincial city governments and county governments for their local governments. They also have councils in each of those three local government levels. Turkey has two levels of local government; provinces (Turkish: iller) and districts (Turkish: ilçeler). The territory of Turkey
9996-619: The legislative branches of a city and municipality, respectively. A barangay is headed by the Barangay Captain and the Barangay Council . Barangays can be further divided into puroks and sitios but their leadership is unelected. The 1987 Philippine Constitution also provides for the existence of autonomous regions. The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) is the only autonomous region in
10115-456: The like—still exist and play a role in Afghan society. Karzai is relying on these traditional sources of authority in his challenge to the warlords and older Islamist leaders. The deep ethnic, linguistic, sectarian, tribal, racial, and regional cleavages present in the country create what is called "Qawm" identity, emphasizing the local over higher-order formations. Qawm refers to the group to which
10234-559: The local shuras. The process of setting up the transitional government in June 2002 by the Loya Jirga took many steps involving local government. First, at the district and municipal level, traditional shura councils met to pick electors—persons who cast ballots for Loya Jirga delegates. Each district or municipality had to choose a predetermined number of electors, based on the size of its population. The electors then traveled to regional centers and cast ballots, to choose from amongst themselves
10353-578: The markets in Manchester and Rochdale. Despite its remoteness by the Pennines , by the Early Modern period the domestic system in Crompton had produced relatively wealthy inhabitants. The most affluent were those involved in cloth and linen, and their wealth was comparable to that of the merchants of Manchester and Salford . Until the mid-18th century, Crompton's textile sector had been closely linked with that of Rochdale and Saddleworth in
10472-464: The mechanised mass production that was gathering pace in the township. Luddites rioted in the township in 1826, smashing 24 power looms at Clegg's mill at High Crompton in protest against their worsening standard of living. Crompton's damp climate provided the ideal conditions for cotton spinning to be carried out without the cotton drying and breaking, and newly developed 19th century mechanisation optimised cotton spinning for mass production for
10591-600: The merger of Business Express and Reality. In 2011, Home Delivery Network was rebranded as Yodel . Shaw NDC spanned 23 acres (9.3 ha), making it one of Europe 's largest warehouse distribution centres during its lifetime. After The Very Group relocated in 2021 to a new purpose-built facility in the East Midlands, four of the buildings on the site, including three cotton mills, have since been demolished to make way for future plans of housing. The remaining purpose-built delivery sortation facility - built in 1999 -
10710-466: The mid-20th century, Shaw and Crompton's textile sector declined gradually to a halt; said to have over-relied upon the textile sector, cotton spinning reduced in the 1960s and 1970s, and by the early 1980s only four mills were operational. In spite of efforts to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of its production, the final cotton was spun in Shaw and Crompton in 1989, in Lilac and Park mills. Of
10829-515: The mother Church of St Mary the Virgin at Prestwich . On several occasions during the 15th and 16th centuries, the Archdeacon of Chester had to intervene because Crompton's inhabitants refused to contribute towards holy bread and candles used at Prestwich. In 1826, a poll was taken regarding the re-building of Oldham Church. Not one person in Crompton voted in favour of the rebuilding and when
10948-821: The need for 500 tonnes of steel and 450 tonnes of carbon emissions. The main Crompton War Memorial, located on the High Street, consists of a Scottish granite plinth surmounted by a large bronze statue flanked by two Rolls of Honour containing the 346 names of those from Shaw and Crompton who fought and died in the First World War . Panels listing the Roll of Honour from the Second World War were added and unveiled on 12 November 1950 by Councillor H. M. Turner. Commissioned by
11067-580: The neighbouring parish of Rochdale , including the Buckleys , Cleggs , Greaves and Milnes. During the Late Middle Ages , the Buckley and Crompton families were recorded as the largest landowners in Crompton, owning land and farmsteads at Whitfield and Crompton Fold respectively. The Crompton family has a well-documented history and can be traced back to the time of Magna Carta , appearing in
11186-453: The north and east; it was a woollen manufacturing district. However, as the demand for cotton goods increased, Crompton mirrored developments in Oldham and Manchester in the south and southwest, importing raw cotton and making cotton cloth. To ensure that the woollen trade was kept buoyant, a law existed from 1675 to 1814 to encourage Shaw and Crompton's wool production. It required that the deceased were to be buried in woollen garments. In
11305-432: The output of crop growing, and so prior to industrialisation the area was used for grazing sheep, which provided the raw material for a local woollen weaving trade. Wills and inventories from the 15th and 16th centuries suggest most families were involved with small scale pasture , but supplemented their incomes by weaving woollens in the domestic system and selling cloth, linen and fustians to travelling chapmen for
11424-473: The parish area and is a purely ceremonial role. Shaw and Crompton is one of only a few parishes of England that still observes the ancient custom of Beating the bounds . Originally an annual event, it now takes place every seven years. In terms of parliamentary representation, Shaw and Crompton after the Reform Act 1832 was represented as part of the Oldham parliamentary borough constituency , of which
11543-537: The parliamentary constituency of Oldham East and Saddleworth , and is represented in the House of Commons by Debbie Abrahams , a member of the Labour Party . At 53°34′39″N 2°5′32″W / 53.57750°N 2.09222°W / 53.57750; -2.09222 (53.5777°, −2.0928°) Shaw and Crompton lies along the eastern edge of the ancient Lancashire border; Saddleworth and the Pennines are close to
11662-447: The peak number of staff at the site was reported to be 1,250 people. Shaw NDC was the premier warehousing and returns facility for The Very Group, spanning 23 acres (93,000 m). It had between 850 and 1,500 employees. Around 60 per cent are women and 25 per cent are from ethnic minorities. Almost the entire workforce are members of the trade union USDAW . Shaw NDC stored over 1,000,000 sq ft (93,000 m) of products, and
11781-411: The relocation of a local tyre-fitting company. The supermarket cost £20 million to construct, and is the first ASDA store in the United Kingdom to use environmentally friendly construction techniques, which Wal-Mart intends to use as a blueprint for all its new ASDA supermarkets. It incorporates a sustainable timber frame and an energy-saving ventilation system, which together have eradicated
11900-504: The responsibility of administration at that level. Nigeria has a total of 774 Local Government Areas (LGAs). South Africa has a two-tiered local government system comprising local municipalities which fall into district municipalities, and metropolitan municipalities which span both tiers of local government. Afghanistan was traditionally divided into provinces governed by centrally appointed governors with considerable autonomy in local affairs. There are currently 34 provinces. During
12019-469: The second half of the 18th century, the technology of cotton-spinning machinery improved, and the need for larger buildings to house bigger, better and more efficient equipment became apparent. The profitability of cotton spinning meant that open land that had been used for farming since antiquity, was utilised for purpose-built weavers' cottages . Larger buildings were still desired, and construction of two water powered cotton factories (two or three times
12138-413: The site has brought some criticism from local residents. New buildings - described as "windowless cubes" [2] - are largely considered eyesores, have been accused of interfering with television reception due to their size and metallic structure. The increased work at the site has brought more and more heavy goods vehicles, which now operate heavily during the night. Trailer shunters also operate at night and
12257-403: The size of a cottage) can be traced to 1782. The construction of more mills followed—ten by 1789—facilitating a process of urbanisation and socioeconomic transformation in the region; the population moved away from farming, adopting employment in the factory system . The introduction of the factory system led to an increase of the township's population; from 872 in 1714 to 3,500 in 1801, mostly as
12376-523: The skyline of Shaw and Crompton, and was the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham 's largest private employer. In 2006 it distributed around 18 million items to customers, and in 2007 processed more than 39 million customer orders. In early 2009 the peak number of staff at the site was reported to be 1,250 people. Shaw and Crompton developed as an important mill town , and the Shaw National Distribution Centre traces its origins to
12495-459: The town is residential; industrial areas and terraced houses give way to suburbs and rural greenery as the land rises out of the town. Generally, property in the centre, west, and south of the town is older and smaller in comparison to that found in the east and north. Shaw and Crompton is divided into two political wards , named "Shaw" and "Crompton" (to the east and west respectively). According to census data, in 2001 Shaw and Crompton had
12614-448: The town towards the village of Newhey . The land to the east of the town steadily rises, reaching a height of 1,283 feet (391 m) at the summit of Crompton Moor . To the west, the land reaches around 699 feet (213 m) at High Crompton and 825 feet (251 m) at Whitfield, and from these highpoints the surface slopes away in all directions. The River Irk rises on Shaw and Crompton's western boundary with Royton . The geology
12733-467: The town's residents was 96.8% United Kingdom (including 95.13% from England), 0.6% Republic of Ireland , 0.5% from other European Union countries, and 2.1% from elsewhere in the world. Religion was recorded as 84% Christian, 1.7% Muslim, 0.2% Hindu, 0.2% Buddhist, 0.1% Jewish and <0.1% Sikh. Some 6.8% were recorded as having no religion, 0.1% had an alternative religion, and 5.6% did not state their religion. The economic activity of residents aged 16–74
12852-409: The town. Trent Mill Industrial Estate, on the edge of the town near Rushcroft , takes its name from the mill that was once there. The business park is home to several small industrial companies. It was partially destroyed by a fire that started in a plastics factory in the early hours of 28 April 2007. On 6 August 2007, a 35,000-square-foot (3,252 m ) Asda supermarket opened on the site of
12971-479: The war, resulting in the town being nicknamed "The Golden City" as the scramble for shares intensified. Because of this highly profitable share dealing, it was reported in the national press that Shaw and Crompton had more millionaires per capita than any other town in the world. The number of cotton mills in the township peaked at 36 in 1920. Supplies of raw cotton from the United States were cut during
13090-403: The water-logged valley bottoms and below the exposed high moors. Owing to complicated local arrangements of land tenure, inheritance and absentee landlords, the local lordship was weak and Crompton failed to emerge as a manor with its own lord and court. This slowly facilitated comparative freedoms and independence for the early people of Crompton, which encouraged the influx of families from
13209-436: The wider Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, and including the status as a statutory consultee on local planning applications . The council comprises 14 locally elected members and is consulted in planning applications that affect the area through the Shaw and Crompton area Committee of Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council. Shaw and Crompton (Community Forum) Community Council , a separate body, meets at least four times per year and
13328-478: The words crom or crumb , meaning "bent" or "crooked" and ton , for "hamlet or village". A local historian stated that "this name aptly describes the appearance of the place, with its uneven surface, its numerous mounds and hills, as though it had been crumpled up to form these ridges". The University of Nottingham 's Institute for Name-Studies has offered the suggestion that the name Crompton means "river-bend settlement", which may reflect Crompton's location on
13447-406: Was 45% in full-time employment, 12% in part-time employment, 7% self-employed, 2.4% unemployed, 2% students with jobs, 3% students without jobs, 13% retired, 4% looking after home or family, 7% permanently sick or disabled, and 2% economically inactive for other reasons. This was roughly in line with the national figures. Of the town's residents aged 16–74, 15% had a higher education qualification or
13566-659: Was a Local board of health established in 1863; Established with reference to the Local Government Act 1858 , Crompton Local Board of Health was a regulatory body responsible for standards of hygiene and sanitation in the township. Following the Local Government Act 1894 , the area of the Local Board became the Crompton Urban District , a local government district within the administrative county of Lancashire. The urban district council
13685-661: Was based out of Shaw/Crompton Town Hall, which opened on 28 December 1894. Under the Local Government Act 1972 , the towns urban district status was abolished and the area has, since 1 April 1974, formed part of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham , a local government district of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester . A civil parish of Crompton was formed in April 1987 and renamed to "Shaw and Crompton" in July 1987. The civil parish has its own parish council , giving it some limited local government autonomy from that of
13804-546: Was demolished around 1848. A second Crompton Hall, set in its own prominent forested grounds, was erected by the family—by then an influential and affluent investor in the local cotton industry—but following the death of the last remaining family members, the site was sold and, in 1950, the house was demolished to make way for an exclusive development of bungalows . Because of the poor soils and rugged terrain, Samuel Lewis said Crompton's inhabitants were "a race of hardy and laborious men". They have also been described as having
13923-418: Was duly approved. Demolition took place in 1993. In reality the new building, which opened in 1997, although is technically 'one storey', it is almost as tall as its predecessor. The local authority and residents were displeased and have since revamped planning permission criteria for the area. Shaw NDC began a partnership with Dutch robotics company Vanderlande in 1984. [1] The continued development of
14042-505: Was previously occupied by delivery company Yodel until its closure in July 2024 as their Northern hub in the national network, alongside the Southern hub at Hatfield and Midlands hub at Wednesbury . Shaw National Distribution Centre opened for business as a warehousing and returns centre for Littlewoods in 1979. It occupied three converted former cotton mills and two purpose-built stock-handling and sortation facilities. It dominated
14161-649: Was the biggest private employer in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham . with staff employed either through Very themselves or through the Blue Arrow work agency. The site is a recognised by the British Quality Foundation as an "Investor in Excellence". Sodexo provided canteen services. 53°34′49″N 2°5′7″W / 53.58028°N 2.08528°W / 53.58028; -2.08528 Shaw and Crompton Shaw and Crompton
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