Misplaced Pages

#37962

74-643: The hotel opened on June 5, 1911, as the Buckwood Inn and was built by Charles Campbell Worthington , formerly head of the Worthington Pump and Machinery Corporation . It was constructed out of concrete, considered unusual for the time, and some of the walls were a foot thick. Author Lawrence Squeri wrote, “Although the Buckwood Inn was adjacent to the Delaware River, only a few steps from the water, its management realized that guests preferred

148-450: A grass cutter or simply mower , also often spelled lawn mower ) is a device utilizing one or more revolving blades (or a reel) to cut a grass surface to an even height. The height of the cut grass may be fixed by the mower's design but generally is adjustable by the operator, typically by a single master lever or by a mechanism on each of the machine's wheels. The blades may be powered by manual force, with wheels mechanically connected to

222-472: A throttle control on the handlebar with which the operator can adjust the engine speed. Other mowers have a fixed, pre-set engine speed. All are equipped with a governor (often centrifugal/mechanical or air vane style) to open the throttle as needed to maintain the pre-selected speed when the force needed to cut the thicker or taller grass is encountered. Gasoline mowers have the advantages over electric mowers of greater power and distance range. They do create

296-405: A cylinder or reel mower are: A rotary mower rotates about a vertical axis with the blade spinning at high speed relying on impact to cut the grass. This tends to result in a rougher cut and bruises and shreds the grass leaf resulting in discolouration of the leaf ends as the shredded portion dies. This is particularly prevalent if the blades become clogged or blunt. Most rotary mowers need to be set

370-404: A dangerous electric shock . Installing a residual-current device (GFCI) on the outlet may reduce the shock risk. Cordless electric mowers are powered by a variable number (typically 1–4) of 12-to-80-volt rechargeable batteries . Typically, more batteries mean more run time and/or power (and more weight ). Batteries can be in the interior of the lawnmower or on the outside. If on the outside,

444-417: A gasoline lawn mower can be 95 decibels or more. Corded electric mowers are limited in range by their trailing power cord, which may limit their use with lawns extending outward more than 100–150 feet (30–45 m) from the nearest available power outlet. There is the additional hazard with these machines of accidentally mowing over the power cable, which stops the mower and may put users at risk of receiving

518-946: A gear reduction, to fully integrated units containing a pump, motor and gear reduction. Hydrostatic transmissions are more expensive than mechanical transmissions, but they are easier to use and can transmit greater torque to the wheels compared to a typical mechanical transmission. The least common drive type, and the most expensive, is electric. There have been a number of attempts to replace hydrostatic transmissions with lower cost alternatives, but these attempts, which include variable belt types, e.g. MTD's "Auto Drive", and toroidal, have various performance or perception problems that have caused their market life to be short or their market penetration to be limited. Riding lawn mowers can often mount other devices, such as rototillers/rotavators, snow plows, snow blowers, yard vacuums, occasionally even front buckets or fork-lift tines (these are more properly known as "lawn tractors" in this case, being designed for

592-642: A half-mile down the road. Jackie Gleason took up golf there in 1944, while Art Carney , Lucille Ball , Ed Sullivan and Perry Como would make regular appearances at the resort. Arnold Palmer met his wife Winnie at the Shawnee Inn when she was working at the clubhouse in 1954." In 1964 the golf course was expanded from eighteen to twenty-seven holes, with nine new holes designed by Bill Diddle . Jason Scott Deegan of Golf Advisor wrote, “Where Tillinghast holes begin and where Diddle ends can be confusing, but they mesh well, nonetheless.” Twenty-four of

666-434: A human only to walk behind and guide them. Larger lawn mowers are usually either self-propelled "walk-behind" types or, more often, are "ride-on" mowers that the operator can sit on and control. A robotic lawn mower ("lawn-mowing bot", "mowbot", etc.) is designed to operate either entirely on its own or less commonly by an operator on a remote control . Two main styles of blades are used in lawn mowers. Lawn mowers employing

740-404: A little higher than cylinder equivalents to avoid scalping and gouging of slightly uneven lawns, although some modern rotaries are fitted with a rear roller to provide a more formal striped cut. These machines will also tend to cut lower ( 13 mm or 1 ⁄ 2  in) than a standard four-wheeled rotary. The main parts of a rotary mower are: Extensive grass trimming was not common before

814-562: A machine that could be drawn by animals, and sixty years before a steam-powered lawn mower was built. In the 1850s, Thomas Green & Son of Leeds introduced a mower called the Silens Messor (meaning silent cutter), which used a chain drive to transmit power from the rear roller to the cutting cylinder. These machines were lighter and quieter than the gear-driven machines that preceded them, although they were slightly more expensive. The rise in popularity of lawn sports helped prompt

SECTION 10

#1732787555038

888-460: A number of older models used two-stroke engines ), running on gasoline (petrol) or other liquid fuels . Internal combustion engines used with lawn mowers normally have only one cylinder. Power generally ranges from four to seven horsepower . The engines usually have a carburetor and require a manual pull crank to start them, although an electric starter is offered on some models, particularly large riding and commercial mowers. Some mowers have

962-433: A number of tasks). The ability to tow other devices is because they have multiple gears, often up to 5 or 6 and variable top speeds. Compact utility tractors equipped with a belly mower can look similar to riding lawn mowers, but they are typically larger, equipped with diesel engines, and feature a three-point hitch and rollover protection structure ; these features are generally absent on riding lawn mowers. The deck of

1036-577: A particular scale and purpose. The smallest types, non-powered push mowers, are suitable for small residential lawns and gardens. Electrical or piston engine-powered push-mowers are used for larger residential lawns (although there is some overlap). Riding mowers , which sometimes resemble small tractors, are larger than push mowers and are suitable for large lawns. However, commercial riding lawn mowers (such as zero-turn mowers ) can be "stand-on" types and often bear little resemblance to residential lawn tractors, being designed to mow large areas at high speed in

1110-461: A range of sizes were available, making the Standard the first truly mass-produced engine-powered mower. Rotary mowers were not developed until engines were small enough and powerful enough to run the blades at sufficient speed. Many people experimented with rotary blade mowers in the late 1920s and early 1930s, and Power Specialties Ltd. introduced a gasoline-powered rotary mower. Kut Kwick replaced

1184-442: A rotary mower is typically made of steel. Lighter steel is used on less expensive models, and heavier steel on more expensive models for durability. Other deck materials include aluminium , which does not rust and is a staple of higher priced mowers, and hard composite plastic, which does not rust and is lighter and less expensive than aluminium. Electric mowers typically have a plastic deck. Riding mowers typically have an opening in

1258-476: A separate attachment to discharge grass onto the lawn. Some side discharge mower manufacturers also sell separate "mulching plates" that will cover the opening on the side discharge mower and, in combination with the proper blades, will convert the mower to a mulching mower. These conversions are impractical when compared with 2- or 3-in-1 mowers which can be converted in the field in seconds. There are two types of bagging mowers. A rear bag mower features an opening on

1332-769: A significant amount of pollution due to the combustion in the engine, and their engines require periodic maintenance such as cleaning or replacement of the spark plug and air filter , and changing the engine oil. California passed Assembly Bill 1356 an air pollution control law on October 9, 2021. The California bill barred sales of spark ignited (gasoline fueled) internal combustion engines less than 25HP used for farm or construction machines as of January 1, 2024. The California bill does not ban turf care machines larger than 25HP or those powered by compression ignition (diesel) engines. Electric mowers are further subdivided into corded and cordless electric models. Both are relatively quiet, typically producing less than 75 decibels, while

1406-464: A single blade that rotates about a single vertical axis are known as rotary mowers, while those employing a cutting bar and multiple blade assembly that rotates about a single horizontal axis are known as cylinder or reel mowers (although in some versions, the cutting bar is the only blade, and the rotating assembly consists of flat metal pieces which force the blades of grass against the sharp cutting bar). There are several types of mowers, each suited to

1480-453: A small agricultural tractor , with the cutting deck mounted amidships between the front and rear axles. The drives for these mowers are in several categories. The most common transmission for tractors is a manual transmission. The second most common transmission type is a form of continuously variable transmission , called hydrostatic transmission. These transmissions take several forms, from pumps driving separate motors, which may incorporate

1554-433: A superior alternative to the scythe , and was granted a British patent on August 31, 1830. Budding's first machine was 19 inches (480 mm) wide with a frame made of wrought iron . The mower was pushed from behind. Cast-iron gear wheels transmitted power from the rear roller to the cutting cylinder, allowing the rear roller to drive the knives on the cutting cylinder; the ratio was 16:1. Another roller placed between

SECTION 20

#1732787555038

1628-421: A swimming pool to river bathing.” The golf course at the Buckwood Inn was the first to be designed by A. W. Tillinghast , a renowned golf course architect. In 1919 the resort was a host site for a U.S. Women's Amateur won by Alexa Stirling . John D. Rockefeller stopped over to play golf at the Buckwood Inn in 1920. Worthington hired “a Scotsman with a flock of sheep and dogs” to keep the fairways trim, but

1702-620: A wider swath, were built in the United States in 1919 by the Worthington Mower Company . In the 1920s one of the most successful companies to emerge during this period was Atco, at that time a brand name of Charles H Pugh Ltd. The Atco 'Standard' motor mower, launched in 1921 was an immediate success. Just 900 of the 22-inch-cut machines were made in 1921, each costing £75. Within five years, annual production had accelerated to tens of thousands. Prices were reduced and

1776-430: Is often available, but can be poor in some models. The quality of cut can be inferior if the grass is pushed away from the blade by the cushion of air. A robotic lawn mower is an autonomous robot used to cut lawn grass. A typical robotic lawn mower (in particular earlier generation models) requires the user to set up a border wire around the lawn that defines the area to be mowed. The robot uses this wire to locate

1850-423: Is straight and definite, as if cut with a pair of scissors. This clean cut promotes healthier, thicker and more resilient lawn growth that is more resistant to disease, weeds and parasites. Lawn cut with a cylinder mower is less likely to result in yellow, white or brown discolouration as a result of leaf shredding. While the cutting action is often likened to that of scissors, it is neither necessary nor desirable for

1924-539: The PGA Championship in 1938, and an excerpt from the program stated, “It was the thought expressed in that letter that gave the boys the idea of forming a professional association." Paul Runyan defeated resident pro Sam Snead 8 and 7 in the title match. In 1943 bandleader Fred Waring purchased the resort, renamed it the Shawnee Inn, and broadcast his radio shows from the Shawnee Playhouse,

1998-619: The School of Mines at Columbia University . After graduating from Columbia, he entered the family business, eventually taking over the Worthington Company upon his father's death in 1880. While head of the company, Worthington contributed many useful improvements to pumps, compressors, and other machines. In 1885 the Worthington Pumping Engine Company, representatives of Worthington pumps of

2072-663: The Shawnee Country Club. The course was completed around 1910. In 1912, he invited professional golfers to compete on his course, and this led to the foundation of the Professional Golfers' Association of America . After trying unsuccessfully to keep the fairways in shape by grazing sheep on them, Worthington designed the gang mower with three moving wheels. He launched the Shawnee Mower Factory to manufacture it. Later this became

2146-621: The Sherman Antitrust Act , and in 1903 Worthington retired. After retiring from pump manufacturing, Worthington designed and built six Worthington Meteor steam automobiles. He then became interested in gasoline engines and organized the Worthington Automobile Company . This company built several types of pleasure car. Worthington was financed by the Vanderbilt fortune. In 1904, he purchased

2220-538: The Worthington Mower Company , based in nearby Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. Worthington saw there was demand from farmers for a low-priced tractor that could economically handle light loads. He produced the Worthington Model T until 1930, and then the Worthington Model A based on components from the Ford Model A . The company made about 430 Model T tractors and just over 400 Model A tractors. At first

2294-542: The Archimedean Lawn Mower Co. in 1871. In the United States, gasoline-powered lawn mowers were first manufactured in 1914 by Ideal Power Mower Co. of Lansing, Michigan , based on a patent by Ransom E. Olds . Ideal Power Mower also introduced the world's first self-propelled, riding lawn tractor in 1922, known as the "Triplex". The roller-drive lawn mower has changed very little since around 1930. Gang mowers , those with multiple sets of blades to cut

The Shawnee Inn & Golf Resort - Misplaced Pages Continue

2368-522: The Oxford colleges. In an agreement between John Ferrabee and Edwin Budding dated May 18, 1830, Ferrabee paid the costs of enlarging the small blades, obtained letters of patent and acquired rights to manufacture, sell and license other manufacturers in the production of lawn mowers. Without patent, Budding and Ferrabee were shrewd enough to allow other companies to build copies of their mower under licence,

2442-739: The Shawnee Village, the first timeshare development in Pennsylvania. The Shawnee Inn began to offer skiing in 1975, and ski champion Jean-Claude Killy was hired to lead the new operation. Bethlehem native Charles Kirkwood purchased the Shawnee Inn in 1977. The nine-hole, par-3 Tillinghast Approach Course, designed by Tom Doak , opened at the resort in 2006. 40°59′56″N 75°07′32″W  /  40.99889°N 75.12556°W  / 40.99889; -75.12556 Charles Campbell Worthington Charles Campbell Worthington , or C.C. Worthington , (January 1854 – October 1944)

2516-702: The United States, obtained an order from the British Army to deliver ten high-pressure pumps to deliver water needed by the British Expeditionary army coming to the aid of General Gordon in Khartoum , Sudan. The British pump suppliers did not have the capacity to deliver the pumps fast enough. The British company James Simpson & Co. learned of the Worthington company because of this order, and on 13 December 1885 signed an agreement with

2590-651: The Worthington Pumping Engine Company under which they gained exclusive manufacturing rights for Worthington pumps in Britain. In 1899, Worthington sold his interests in the Worthington Pump Co. to a consortium of six leading pump manufacturers. The combined company became the International Steam Pump Company . Worthington was president of the company. The International Pump Company was forced to dissolve due to findings under

2664-465: The air cushion and typically have plastic bodies with an electric motor. The most significant disadvantage, however, is the cumbersome usability in rough terrain or on the edges of lawns, as the lifting air-cushion is destroyed by wide gaps between the chassis and the ground. Hover mowers are built to operate on steep slopes, waterfronts, and high-weeded areas, so they are often used by golf course greenskeepers and commercial landscapers. Grass collection

2738-451: The back of the mower through which the grass is expelled into the bag. Hi-vac mowers have a tunnel that extends from the side discharge to the bag. Hi-vac is also the type of grass collection used on some riding lawn mowers and lawn tractors and is suitable for use in dry conditions but less suitable for long wet lush grass as they often clog up. Mulching and bagging mowers are not well suited to long grass or thick weeds. In some ride-on mowers,

2812-418: The back of the tractor. Riding mowers (U.S. and Canada) or ride-on mowers (U.K. and Canada) are a popular alternative for large lawns. The operator is provided with a seat and controls on the mower and literally rides on the machine. Most use the horizontal rotating blade system, though usually with multiple blades. A common form of ride-on mower is the lawn tractor . These are usually designed to resemble

2886-510: The best known English machines was the Ransomes ' Automaton, available in chain- or gear-driven models. Numerous manufacturers entered the field with petrol (gasoline) engine-powered mowers after the start of the 20th century. In 1902, The first was produced by Ransomes. JP Engineering of Leicester, founded after World War I , produced a range of very popular chain-driven mowers. About this time, an operator could ride behind animals that pulled

2960-505: The blades of the spinning cylinder to contact the horizontal cutting bar. When the reel touches the cutting bar the work required by the mower increases dramatically. When the gap between the blades is less than the thickness of the grass blades, a clean cut can still be made without additional friction. When the gap is greater than the thickness of the grass blades, grass will slip through the gap uncut. Reel mowers also have more difficulty mowing over uneven terrain. There are many variants of

3034-428: The boundary of the area to be trimmed and in some cases to locate a recharging dock. Robotic mowers are capable of maintaining up to 30,000 m (320,000 sq ft) of grass. Robotic lawn mowers are increasingly sophisticated, are self-docking and some contain rain sensors if necessary, nearly eliminating human interaction. Robotic lawn mowers represented the second largest category of domestic robots used by

The Shawnee Inn & Golf Resort - Misplaced Pages Continue

3108-544: The clippings to small pieces. This function has the advantages of forgoing the additional work collecting and disposing of grass clippings while reducing lawn waste in such a way that also creates convenient compost for the lawn, forgoing the expense and adverse environmental effect of fertilizer . Mower manufacturers market their mowers as side discharge, 2-in-1, meaning bagging and mulching or side discharging and mulching, and 3-in-1, meaning bagging, mulching, and side discharge. Most 2-in-1 bagging and mulching mowers require

3182-562: The collection of the National Museum of Australia . The Victa mower is regarded as something of an Australian icon , appearing en masse, in simulated form, at the opening of the Sydney Olympic Games in 2000. The hover mower, first introduced by Flymo in 1964, is a form of rotary mower using an air cushion on the hovercraft principle. A cylinder mower or reel mower carries a fixed, horizontal cutting blade at

3256-549: The cut grass is dropped onto the ground and then collected by a set of rotating bristles, allowing even long, wet grass to be collected. Rotary mowers with internal combustion engines come in three price ranges. Low priced mowers use older technology, smaller motors, and lighter steel decks. These mowers are targeted at the residential market and typically price is the most important selling point. Professional grass-cutting equipment, used by large establishments such as universities, sports stadiums and local authorities, usually take

3330-450: The cutting advantages of professional cylinder mowers. Their distinct environmental benefits, both in noise and air pollution, are also strong selling points, something not lost on many international zoos, animal sanctuaries and exclusive hotel groups. The basic push mower mechanism is also used in gangs towed behind a tractor . The individual mowers are arranged in a "v" behind the tractor with each mower's track slightly overlapping that of

3404-442: The cutting blades so that the blades spin when the mower is pushed forward, or the machine may have a battery -powered or plug-in electric motor . The most common self-contained power source for lawn mowers is a small 4-stroke (typically one-cylinder ) internal combustion engine . Smaller mowers often lack any form of self-propulsion, requiring human power to move over a surface; "walk-behind" mowers are self-propelled, requiring

3478-490: The cutting cylinder and the main or land roller could be raised or lowered to alter the height of cut. The grass clippings were hurled forward into a tray-like box. It was soon realized, however, that an extra handle was needed in front to help pull the machine along. Overall, these machines were remarkably similar to modern mowers. Two of the earliest Budding machines sold went to Regent's Park Zoological Gardens in London and

3552-512: The cylinder mower. Push mowers have no engine and are usually used on smaller lawn areas where access is a problem, where noise pollution is undesirable and where air pollution is unwanted. As the mower is pushed along, the wheels drive gears which rapidly spin the reel. Typical cutting widths are 10 to 16 inches (250 to 410 mm). Advances in materials and engineering have resulted in these mowers being very light and easy to operate and manoeuvre compared with their predecessors while still giving all

3626-423: The depleted batteries can be quickly swapped with recharged batteries. Cordless mowers have the maneuverability of a gasoline-powered mower and the environmental friendliness of a corded electric mower, but they are more expensive and come in fewer models (particularly the self-propelling type) than either. The eventual disposal of worn-out batteries is problematic (though some manufacturers offer to recycle them), and

3700-420: The desired height of cut. Over this is a fast-spinning reel of blades which force the grass past the cutting bar. Each blade in the blade cylinder forms a helix around the reel axis, and the set of spinning blades describes a cylinder. Of all the mowers, a properly adjusted cylinder mower makes the cleanest cut of the grass, and this allows the grass to heal more quickly. The cut of a well-adjusted cylinder mower

3774-477: The efforts were not successful. He then designed the gang mower to maintain the golf course, and this led to the establishment of the Shawnee Mower Factory, which sold gang mowers all over the United States. The annual Shawnee Open attracted well-known golfers such as Harry Vardon , Ted Ray , Freddie McLeod , and Alex Smith . At the 1913 tournament, Worthington sent a letter to participants suggesting that they get together and organize. The Buckwood Inn hosted

SECTION 50

#1732787555038

3848-402: The end of 2005. In 2012, the growth of robotic lawn mower sales was 15 times that of the traditional styles. Tractor pulled mowers are usually in the form of an attachment to a tractor . The attachments can simply function by the movement of the tractor similar to manual push cylinder mowers, but also sometimes may have powered moving blades. They are commonly mounted on either the side or

3922-448: The engine also propels the mower. Much smaller and lighter variants of the roller mower are sometimes used for small patches of ornamental lawns around flower beds, and these have no engine. Riding reel mowers are also produced. Typically, the cutting reels are ahead of the vehicle's main wheels, so that the grass can be cut before the wheels push the grass over onto the ground. The reels are often hydraulically powered. The main parts of

3996-405: The engine drives both the cylinder and the rear roller. Some variants have only three blades in a reel spinning at great speed, and these models are able to cut grass which has grown too long for ordinary push mowers. One type of reel mower, now largely obsolete, was a powered version of the traditional side-wheel push mower, which was used on residential lawns. An internal combustion engine sat atop

4070-567: The first steam-powered lawn mower in 1893. His machine burned petrol and/or paraffin ( kerosene ) as fuel. These were heavy machines that took several hours to warm up to operating pressure. After numerous advances, these machines were sold by the Stott Fertilizer and Insecticide Company of Manchester and Sumner. The company they both controlled was called the Leyland Steam Motor Company . Around 1900, one of

4144-471: The form of much larger, dedicated, ride-on platforms or attachments that can be mounted on, or behind, a standard tractor unit (a "gang-mower"). Either type may use rotating-blade or cylindrical-blade type cutters, although high-quality mowed surfaces demand the latter. Wide-area mowers (WAMs) are commercial grade mowers which have decks extended to either side, many to 12 feet (3.7 m). These extensions can be lowered for large area mowing or raised to decrease

4218-642: The holes are on a private island in the Delaware River. Jesky wrote, “Several of the holes involve hitting across the Delaware River, and a 284-foot-long foot bridge helps golfers get there.” In 1967 Hale Irwin won the NCAA Championship for the University of Colorado at the Shawnee Inn golf course. In 1972 the resort merged with the American Landmark Corp. of Stroudsburg under developer Karl Hope. In 1974 he established

4292-839: The inn was successful, but it had difficulty competing as travel became easier. With the Great Depression the inn's business suffered, and the building was not properly maintained. Worthington's family sold the inn in 1943 to Fred Waring , a famous choral master. The mower company was sold in 1945 to Jacobsen Manufacturing . Worthington was a member of The Tin Whistles. In 1879, Worthington married Julia Apgar Hedden. After her death, he married his second wife, Maude Clement Rice, in 1906. The couple had two daughters. Worthington died in October 1944. Notes Citations Sources Lawnmower A lawnmower (also known as

4366-447: The large machines. These were the first riding mowers. The first United States patent for a reel lawn mower was granted to Amariah Hills on January 12, 1868. In 1870, Elwood McGuire of Richmond, Indiana designed a human-pushed lawn mower, which was very lightweight and a commercial success. John Burr patented an improved rotary-blade lawn mower in 1899, with the wheel placement altered for better performance. Amariah Hills went on to found

4440-422: The most successful of these being Ransomes of Ipswich, which began making mowers as early as 1832. His machine was the catalyst for the preparation of modern-style sporting ovals, playing fields (pitches), grass courts , etc. This led to the codification of modern rules for many sports, including for football , lawn bowls , lawn tennis and others. It took ten more years and further innovations to create

4514-417: The motors in some cordless mowers tend to be less powerful than gasoline motors of the same total weight (including batteries). Lawn mowers powered by propane were also manufactured by Lehr. In hand-powered lawn mowers, the reel is attached to the mower's wheels by gears, so that when the mower is pushed forward, the reel spins several times faster than the plastic or rubber-tired wheels turn. Depending on

SECTION 60

#1732787555038

4588-471: The mower in front of it. Gang mowers are used over large areas of turf such as sports fields or parks. A gasoline engine or electric motor can be added to a cylinder mower to power the cylinder, the wheels, the roller, or any combination of these. A typical arrangement on electric powered machines for residential lawns is for the motor to power the cylinder while the operator pushes the mower along. The electric models can be corded or cordless. On petrol machines

4662-699: The name of Buckwood Lake, and used it as a water supply for his lodge. Worthington hunted deer in what is now the Worthington State Forest in Warren County, New Jersey . In 1904, Worthington built Worthington Hall , later known as the Shawnee Playhouse, in Shawnee on Delaware. Worthington built the Buckwood Inn in Shawnee, an exclusive resort with an eighteen-hole golf course, designed by A. W. Tillinghast . This later became

4736-414: The placement of the reel, these mowers often cannot cut grass very close to lawn obstacles. Hover mowers are powered rotary push lawn mowers that use an impeller above the spinning blades to drive air downward, thereby creating an air cushion that lifts the mower above the ground. The operator can then easily move the mower as it floats over the grass. Hover mowers are necessarily light in order to achieve

4810-402: The reel housing and drove the wheels, usually through a belt. The wheels in turn drove the reel, as in the push mower. Greens mowers are used for the precision cutting of golf greens and have a cylinder made up of at least eight, but normally ten, blades. The machine has a roller before and after the cutting cylinder which smooths the freshly cut lawn and minimizes wheel marks. Due to the weight,

4884-752: The rights and property of the Berg Automobile Company . In 1905, Berg cars were built by Worthington, which was also building its first Meteor cars. By the end of 1905, the Berg-Worthington collaboration had failed. In the late 1890s, Worthington began to spend an increasing amount of time at his country home in Shawnee on Delaware , in Pennsylvania on the banks of the Delaware River , about 75 miles (121 km) to

4958-700: The saw blade of the "Pulp Saw" with a double-edged blade and a cutter deck, converting the "Pulp Saw" into the first ever out-front rotary mower. One company that produced rotary mowers commercially was the Australian Victa company, starting in 1952. Its mowers were lighter and easier to use than similar ones that had come before. The first Victa mowers were made at Mortlake , an inner suburb of Sydney , by local resident Mervyn Victor Richardson. He made his first model out of scrap in his garage. The first Victa mowers were then manufactured, going on sale on 20 September 1952. The new company, Victa Mowers Pty Ltd,

5032-505: The shortest time possible. The largest multi-gang (multi-blade) mowers are mounted on tractors and are designed for large expanses of grass such as golf courses and municipal parks, although they are ill-suited for complex terrain. The lawn mower was invented in 1830 by Edwin Beard Budding of Stroud , Gloucestershire, England. Budding's mower was designed primarily to cut the grass on sports grounds and extensive gardens, as

5106-427: The side or rear of the housing where the cut grass is expelled, as do most rotary lawn mowers. Some have a grass catcher attachment at the opening to bag the grass clippings. Mulching mowers use special mulching blades which are available for rotary mowers. The blade is designed to keep the clippings circulating underneath the mower until the clippings are chopped quite small. Other designs have twin blades to mulch

5180-444: The spread of the invention. Lawn mowers became a more efficient alternative to the scythe and domesticated grazing animals. Manufacture of lawn mowers took off in the 1860s. By 1862, Ferrabee's company was making eight models in various roller sizes. He manufactured over 5000 machines until production ceased in 1863. The first grass boxes were flat trays but took their present shape in the 1860s. James Sumner of Lancashire patented

5254-399: The west of New York. He built his first small golf course around 1898. In 1903, he purchased 8,000 acres (3,200 ha) of land of both sides of the Delaware River. He built Buckwood Lodge, a small mansion, on the side of Kittatinny Ridge in Pennsylvania, between the river and Sunfish Pond , a small lake higher up the ridge covering 258 acres (104 ha). Worthington gave Sunfish Pond

5328-466: The widespread application of the vertical shaft single cylinder gasoline/petrol engine. In the United States this development paralleled the market penetration of companies such as the Briggs & Stratton company of Wisconsin. Most rotary push mowers are powered by internal combustion engines . Such engines are usually four-stroke engines , used for their greater torque and cleaner combustion (although

5402-642: Was an American industrialist whose efforts were in part responsible for the foundation of the Professional Golfers Association . He invented the first commercially successful gang lawnmower for fairway maintenance. Charles Campbell Worthington was born in Brooklyn, New York , in January 1854, son of Sara Newton and Henry Rossiter Worthington . His father had invented the first direct-acting steam pump in 1840. He graduated from

5476-512: Was incorporated on 13 February 1953. The venture was so successful that by 1958 the company moved to much larger premises in Parramatta Road , Concord , and then to Milperra , by which time the mower incorporated an engine, designed and manufactured by Victa, which was specially designed for mowing, rather than employing a general-purpose engine bought from outside suppliers. Two Victa mowers, from 1958 and 1968 respectively, are held in

#37962