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94-555: During the last decades of his life, Shaver devoted himself to "rock books" –stones that he believed had been created by the advanced ancient races and were embedded with legible pictures and texts. He produced paintings allegedly based on the rocks' images and photographed them extensively, as well as writing about them. Posthumously, Shaver has gained a reputation as an artist; his paintings and photos have been exhibited in Los Angeles, New York and elsewhere. During 1943, Shaver wrote

188-404: A "rock book" lending library through the mail, sending a slice of polished agate with a detailed description of what writings, drawings and photographs he claimed were archived by Atlanteans inside the stone using special laser-like devices. Shaver never succeeded in generating much attention for his later findings during his lifetime, but there have been exhibits of Shaver's art and photographs in

282-567: A KAYE broadcast of the Jon Gold Show in which reference was made by a caller to getting rid of Rowlands in the manner which President John Kennedy and his brother were disposed of". Crisman resigned from KAYE. Two subpoenas were issued for Crisman to appear before the hearings, but he disappeared and could not be located. In 1970, Crisman was appointed to the Library Board, despite objections about his false claims of having held

376-538: A Kiwanis Club. In February 1950, a letter by Crisman was entered into the congressional record. Wrote Crisman: "China has fallen to the Reds [...] Indo-china is on the verge and will go soon." Crisman continued "It makes me mad to see it all go, while people I thought were in the 'know' grovel and back up before a gang of international brigands whose only difference from the Nazis is the cut of their uniforms. I no longer think

470-507: A Proto-World word for 'woman'. Cónyuge , for example, comes from the Latin root meaning 'to join', so its origin had nothing to do with the word 'woman'; chica is related to a Latin word meaning 'insignificant thing'; cana comes from the Latin word for 'white', and again shows a history unrelated to the word for 'woman'. Campbell asserts that these types of problems are endemic to the methods used by Ruhlen and others. Some linguists question

564-694: A brakeman for the Union Pacific Railroad. On May 26, 1942, Crisman enlisted in the Army, entering the service with the rank of second lieutenant. In 1943, Crisman was listed an aviation cadet undergoing training at Lancaster, California. He was awarded the Air Medal and the Distinguished Flying Cross. Crisman left the Army as a First Lieutenant on February 19, 1946. In April 1946, Crisman served as representative of

658-527: A designer vinyl toy line. Some aspects of the QAnon conspiracy theory have also been compared to Shaver’s ideas, particularly the theme of sadomasochistic abusive acts taking place in subterranean tunnels with the perpetrators also manipulating events on the surface world. Proto-Human language The Proto-Human language , also known as Proto-Sapiens or Proto-World , is the hypothetical direct genetic predecessor of all human languages. The concept

752-429: A discipline, unfortunately confusing and misleading to those who might look to linguistics for understanding in this area". Fred Crisman Fred Lee Crisman (July 22, 1919 – December 10, 1975) was a fighter pilot and later educator from Tacoma, Washington known for claims of paranormal events and ties to 20th century conspiracies . In 1946, Crisman claimed to have battled with non-humans in caves during

846-458: A doctorate. Crisman was elected Vice-President of the Tacoma library board. Crisman was named as a possible investor in Tacoma cable television. Local news discussed whether a gun had been allowed inside KAYE. Beginning in 1970, a photocopied document called the "Torbitt Document" or "Nomenclature of an Assassination" circulated among Kennedy assassination buffs claimed that Crisman was one of

940-489: A famously abrasive writer, allegedly badgered [Palmer] into admitting that the Shaver Mystery was a ' publicity grabber'; when the story came out, Palmer angrily responded that this was hardly the same thing as calling it a hoax ". Dash writes that the "critics of the 'Shaver Mystery' were quick to point out that its author was suffering from several of the classic symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia , and that many of

1034-543: A fundraising project that sold booklets about the varsity basketball team. In 1960, Crisman's civics class authored a letter to the editor on the Caryl Chessman death penalty case, arguing "Has the time come when the United States takes orders from other countries? The Chessman case is a problem which is testing the judicial stability of the United States. The exterior infiltration on the United States and

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1128-470: A great increase of circulation because of the Shaver Mystery, and the magazine emphasized the Shaver Mystery for several years. Barkun notes that, by any measure, the Shaver Mystery was successful in increasing sales of Amazing Stories . There was disagreement as to the precise increase in circulation, but Barkun notes that reliable sources reflect an increase in monthly circulation from about 135,000 to 185,000. From 1945 to 1948, Barkun notes that about 75% of

1222-463: A group called "Servants of Awareness". Fred Crisman died on December 10, 1975. At his death, it was noted that Crisman was a graduate of Willamette University with degrees in political science, history, and education and psychology. From 1976 to 1985, conspiracy author Richard E. Sprague 's fringe book The Taking of America 1-2-3 named Crisman as a grassy knoll shooter. In 1977, controversial district attorney Jim Garrison claimed that Crisman

1316-415: A job as superintendent at Huntington. On April 15, 1957, Crisman was charged with drunken disorderly, resisting arrest, and pulling a firearm on the arresting officer; He was fined $ 100. In 1958, Crisman was cited in connection with a local tradition of a fictional high school student at White River High . Also in 1958, Crisman took a course at Pacific Lutheran University. In 1959, Crisman organized

1410-502: A letter to Amazing Stories magazine. He claimed to have discovered an ancient language he called "Mantong", a sort of Proto-Human language that was the source of all Earthly languages. In Mantong, each sound had a hidden meaning, and by applying this formula to any word in any language, one could decode a secret meaning to any word, name or phrase. Editor Ray Palmer applied the Mantong formula to several words, and said he realized Shaver

1504-547: A main stronghold deep underground where they plot the overthrow of humanity. Sociologist and occultist Carroll "Poke" Runyon produced a 2007 pseudo-documentary, "Beyond Lemuria," relating subterranean Deros to interdimensional travel. Several of Runyon's "Hermetic Hour" podcasts discuss the Shaver Mysteries. The novel Tamper , by Bill Ectric, takes its name from Shaver's description of the Deros' ability to tamper with

1598-439: A number of conspiracies and cover-ups from the late 1940s until [his] death in 1975". Crisman was born on July 22, 1919, the only child of Fred M. Crisman and wife Eva (born Eva Pitchers, died Eva White, 1971). In 1933, he and his family moved to Vale, Oregon; His father ran a hotel there. In 1939, Crisman graduated from Vale Union High School. After attending Eastern Oregon College during 1939–40, Crisman left, working as

1692-513: A selection of these forms: Based on these correspondences, Ruhlen lists these roots for the ancestor language: Selected items from Bengtson's and Ruhlen's (1994) list of 27 "global etymologies": There are competing theories about the basic word order of the hypothesized Proto-Human. These usually assume subject-initial ordering because it is the most common globally. Derek Bickerton proposes SVO (subject-verb-object) because this word order (like its mirror OVS ) helps differentiate between

1786-427: A single language family." Notable American advocates of linguistic monogenesis include Merritt Ruhlen , John Bengtson , and Harold Fleming . The first concrete attempt to estimate the date of the hypothetical ancestor language was that of Alfredo Trombetti , who concluded it was spoken between 100,000 and 200,000 years ago, or close to the first emergence of Homo sapiens . It is uncertain or disputed whether

1880-549: A supervisory level ... acquired by the apparatus to carry out the menial jobs that are needed to push a current mission forward, a middle man—in the final analysis—between the mechanics who eliminate, and the handy men, who otherwise support a termination mission, on one hand, and the distant, far removed, deep submerged command level on the other." In 1979, the House Select Committee on Assassinations reported that forensic anthropologists had analyzed and compared

1974-651: A traveling exhibition of " outsider photography " called "Create and Be Recognized" that originated at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco in 2004. In that exhibition, which toured the U.S., Shaver's "rock book" photography was grouped with works by famous "outsider artists", including Henry Darger and Adolf Wolfli . After its initial effect on the Amazing Stories readership,

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2068-430: Is onomatopoeia : for example, the suggested root for smell listed above, * čuna , may simply be a result of many languages employing an onomatopoeic word that sounds like sniffing, snuffling, or smelling. Another is the taboo quality of certain words. Lyle Campbell points out that many established proto-languages do not contain an equivalent word for * putV 'vulva' because of how often such taboo words are replaced in

2162-487: Is no generally accepted term for this concept. Most treatments of the subject do not include a name for the language under consideration (e.g. Bengtson and Ruhlen ). The terms Proto-World and Proto-Human are in occasional use. Merritt Ruhlen used the term Proto-Sapiens . The first serious scientific attempt to establish the reality of monogenesis was that of Alfredo Trombetti , in his book L'unità d'origine del linguaggio , published in 1905. Trombetti estimated that

2256-530: Is speculative and not amenable to analysis in historical linguistics . It presupposes a monogenetic origin of language , i.e. the derivation of all natural languages from a single origin, presumably at some time in the Middle Paleolithic period. As the predecessor of all extant languages spoken by modern humans ( Homo sapiens ), Proto-Human as hypothesised would not necessarily be ancestral to any hypothetical Neanderthal language . There

2350-590: The out-of-Africa migrations of 50,000 to 70,000 years ago and that language might have been the essential cultural and cognitive innovation that facilitated human colonization of the globe. In Perreault and Mathew (2012), an estimate of the time of the first emergence of human language was based on phonemic diversity. This is based on the assumption that phonemic diversity evolves much more slowly than grammar or vocabulary, slowly increasing over time (but reduced among small founding populations). The largest phoneme inventories are found among African languages , while

2444-480: The " three tramps " allegedly employed by a secret government agency. The document incorrectly names him "Chrismon" and falsely claims he was a Syrian immigrant. In 1971, Crisman ran unsuccessfully for a seat on the civil service board. In 1973, Crisman resigned from the Tacoma Library Board of Directors. Crisman unsuccessfully ran for a seat on the Tacoma city council.In September 1974, Crisman

2538-474: The "characteristics" of Proto-World is limited to linguistic typology , i.e. the identification of universal features shared by all human languages, such as grammar (in the sense of "fixed or preferred sequences of linguistic elements"), and recursion , but beyond this, nothing is known of it. Christopher Ehret has hypothesized that Proto-Human had a very complex consonant system, including clicks . A few linguists, such as Merritt Ruhlen , have suggested

2632-641: The "flying saucers" were validation of the Shaver Mystery ;— for several years, he noted, Shaver had mentioned the Deros' supposed spaceships. The idea that Shaver and Palmer had somehow predicted or presaged the "flying saucer" craze was later championed by writer John Keel . His 1983 article "The Man Who Invented Flying Saucers" (first published in Fortean Times ) declared that "Palmer assigned artists to make sketches of objects described by readers and disc-shaped flying machines appeared on

2726-445: The 1960s and 1970s, now living in obscurity, Shaver searched for physical evidence of the bygone prehistoric races. He claimed to find it in certain rocks, which he believed were "rock books" that had been created by the great ancients and embedded with legible pictures and texts. For years he wrote about the rock books, photographed them and made paintings of the images he found in them to demonstrate their historic importance. He even ran

2820-573: The Earth before abandoning Earth for another planet due to damaging radiation from the Sun . Those ancients also abandoned some of their own offspring here, a minority of whom remained noble and human "Teros", while most degenerated over time into a population of mentally impaired sadists known as "Deros"—short for "detrimental robots ". Shaver's "robots" were not mechanical constructs, but were robot-like due to their savage behavior. These Deros still lived in

2914-691: The Kennedy assassination". In November 1970, KAYE was the subject of hearings by the FCC amid complaints that the station violated the Fairness Doctrine. Crisman's behavior was the subject of extensive discussion, with one witness arguing his playing of "Nazi war songs" had jeopardized the station's licence. Citizens opposed to KAYE discussed the stations promotion of the antisemitic conspiracy theories and presented transcripts of Crisman making anti-black comments. One listener reported that "she heard

Richard Sharpe Shaver - Misplaced Pages Continue

3008-652: The Lions Club. On November 5, Crisman lent his name to an ad endorsing Hugh J. Rosellini for prosecutor. In November 1946, Crisman, then described as a special investigator for the bureau, gave a speech about mental illness in returning servicemen to the Kiwanis club at the Hotel Winthrop. In December 1946, Crisman was elected to represent Washington members of veterans organization AMVETS at an upcoming session. In 1946–47, pulp magazine Amazing Stories

3102-518: The Second World War. The following year, he attempted to convince two early flying saucer witnesses that lava rocks were in fact debris dropped from a flying saucer. In 1968, Crisman was subpoenaed by a New Orleans grand jury in the prosecution of a local man for the assassination of President John F. Kennedy—a prosecution that would later be dramatized in the 1991 Oliver Stone film JFK . Conspiracy authors consider Crisman "a nexus point for

3196-626: The Shaver Mystery as "the Shaver Hoax". These fans, already distressed by Palmer's shift away from the literary or hard science fiction of earlier years to often slapdash space operas , organized letter-writing campaigns to try to persuade the publishers of Amazing Stories to cease all Shaver Mystery articles. In fact, Palmer printed a number of critical or skeptical letters sent to Amazing Stories , and he and other contributors occasionally rebutted or replied to such letters in print. As Bruce Lanier Wright notes, "[t]he young Harlan Ellison , later

3290-462: The Shaver Mystery continued to influence science fiction and other general literature. Many modern books, films, and games make references to Deros and other aspects of Shaver's story. The Shaver Mystery has also influenced believers of paranormal phenomena. This has taken various forms, from suspected connections between the Deros and UFOs to appearances of the Deros in the mythology of the Church of

3384-554: The SubGenius . As noted above, writer Harlan Ellison reportedly thought the Shaver Mystery was nonsense. However, he did use elements of the Shaver Mystery in one of his own science fiction short stories. " From A to Z, in the Chocolate Alphabet " featured 26 brief stories, some a few pages long, others comprising only a few sentences. One story, "The Elevator People", reports that "[t]here are five hundred buildings in

3478-407: The United States whose elevators go deeper than the basement". Those unfortunates who descend to the caverns emerge nearly catatonic after being "treated" by the evil cavern inhabitants. The 2004 Japanese horror movie Marebito , directed by Takashi Shimizu , also references Shaver's work and the Deros. The movie references Shaver's books directly, as well as showing Deros at several times during

3572-660: The Washington state bureau of veterans' affairs when he called for safety inspections of some used cars. That month, Crisman filed to run for coroner. In May, Crisman addressed the Tacoma Real Estate board in the Hotel Winthrop about veterans' real estate problems. In August 1946, Crisman, then described as the head of the state department of veterans' affairs, addressed the Seattle American Veterans chapter. Later that month, he addressed

3666-406: The ability to produce complex speech only developed some 50,000 years ago (with the appearance of modern humans or Cro-Magnon ). Johanna Nichols (1998) argued that vocal languages must have begun diversifying in our species at least 100,000 years ago. In 2011, an article in the journal Science proposed an African origin of modern human languages. It was suggested that human language predates

3760-445: The application of mass comparison and internal reconstruction (cf. Babaev 2008). Several linguists have attempted to reconstruct the language, while many others reject this as fringe science . Ruhlen tentatively traces several words back to the ancestral language, based on the occurrence of similar sound-and-meaning forms in languages across the globe. Bengtson and Ruhlen identify 27 "global etymologies". The following table lists

3854-630: The cave cities, according to Shaver, kidnapping surface-dwelling people by the thousands for meat or torture. With the sophisticated " ray " machinery that the great ancient races had left behind, they spied on people and projected tormenting thoughts and voices into our minds (reminiscent of schizophrenia's "influencing machines" such as the air loom ). Deros could be blamed for nearly all misfortunes, from minor "accidental" injuries or illnesses to airplane crashes and catastrophic natural disasters. Women especially were singled out for brutal treatment, including rape , and Mike Dash notes that " [s]ado-masochism

Richard Sharpe Shaver - Misplaced Pages Continue

3948-429: The cave when I was 50 feet from a moving object of any kind and in perfect silence. The muscles were nearly ripped out. How? I don't know. My friend has a hole the size of a dime in his right bicep. It was seared inside. How we don't know. But we both believe we know more about the Shaver Mystery than any other pair. You can imagine my fright when I picked up my first copy of Amazing Stories and see you splashing words about

4042-419: The change; science fiction fans would credit their boycott and letter-writing campaigns for the change. The magazine's owners said later that the Shaver Mystery had simply run its course and sales were decreasing. The Shaver Mystery Clubs had surprising longevity: Representatives of a club discussed the Shaver Mystery on John Nebel 's popular radio show several times through the late 1950s. Nebel said he thought

4136-580: The common ancestor of existing languages had been spoken between 100,000 and 200,000 years ago. Monogenesis was dismissed by many linguists in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when the doctrine of the polygenesis of the human races and their languages was popularised. The best-known supporter of monogenesis in America in the mid-20th century was Morris Swadesh . He pioneered two important methods for investigating deep relationships between languages, lexicostatistics and glottochronology . In

4230-508: The connection still exists but that the "former employee" has moved into an underground operation. More often than not a "bad record" or evidence indicating that he has been "fired" is prepared for the parent company to increase the disassociation between the two. That same day, Crisman was arrested by Tacoma police for reckless driving. On November 21, 1968, Crisman was deposed in the case against Clay Shaw . By January 9, 1969, Kennedy assassination conspiracy theorist Richard E. Sprague

4324-464: The contrary, writing that "[i]t must be stressed that Palmer did not depict the deros' 'rockets' as disc shaped. Nonetheless in later years, some would insist, with more hyperbole than reason, that through Shaver's yarns Palmer 'invented flying saucers'. In fact, Palmer's influence beyond his relatively minuscule audience of science fiction fans and Forteans was nonexistent". The poet and folklorist Jesse Glass joined Shaver's Atlantean Library in

4418-447: The covers of his magazine long before June 1947. So we can note that a considerable number of people — millions — were exposed to the flying saucer concept before the national news media were even aware of it. Anyone who glanced at the magazines on a newsstand and caught a glimpse of the saucer-emblazoned Amazing Stories cover had the image implanted in his subconscious ". However, UFO researcher Jerome Clark would argue just

4512-518: The date September 13, 1969, purported to be a service record of Crisman's time as an OSS and later CIA agent. In 1997, influential conspiracy author Jim Marrs cited the document as proof that Crisman had been a member of the OSS during World War 2; Marrs was criticized for relying on the untrustworthy document. In 1999, conspiracy author Kenn Thomas 's book on the Maury Island incident carried

4606-522: The discussion was entertaining, but in extant recordings he was also skeptical about the entire subject. Even after the pulp magazines lost popularity, Palmer continued promoting the Shaver Mystery to a diminishing audience via the periodical The Hidden World . Lanier describes the magazine as "Shaver in the raw" with little of Palmer's editing. Shaver and his wife produced the Shaver Mystery Magazine irregularly for some years. During

4700-468: The earliest members of Homo sapiens had fully developed language. Some scholars link the emergence of language proper (out of a proto-linguistic stage that may have lasted considerably longer) to the development of behavioral modernity toward the end of the Middle Paleolithic or at the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic , roughly 50,000 years ago. Thus, in the opinion of Richard Klein ,

4794-432: The early 1970s as a young man and briefly corresponded with him. He was intrigued by Shaver's "rock books" with their accompanying descriptions, but noted that sometimes the surfaces of the stones seemed to be treated in some manner. One piece of stone looked like the surface was actually a drawing or rubbing on paper that had been heavily shellacked or somehow glued on. In fact, bits of white paper seemed to be showing through

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4888-594: The exterior infiltration of the State of California should not force our government to bow down to the opinions of other nations and countries." Crisman resigned from White River High in June 1960. By 1962, Crisman was attached to Rainer High School. In 1964, Crisman began teaching in the Turner school district, and it was reported his book on "Industrial Recruiting" had been accepted for publication. In April 1965, his post

4982-507: The fields of peology research and industrial psychology, public relations and criminology". On March 1, 1967, New Orleans businessman Clay Shaw was arrested for conspiring to assassinate John Kennedy. According to controversial district attorney Jim Garrison , the first person Shaw called after being charged was Fred Crisman. On October 31, 1968, a grand jury in New Orleans issued a subpoena for Fred Lee Crisman in connection with

5076-495: The film introduces Raymond Palmer , the editor of Unbelievable Tales Magazine , as Crisman recounts an adventurous story of being shot down over the Bay of Bengal during the Second World War. Making his way to Cheduba Island , Crisman seeks shelter in a cave, where he discovers the dead bodies of soldiers. Venturing further into the cave, Crisman discovered the cave is inhabited by the Deros, evil monsters who believe themselves to be

5170-451: The film. Richard Shaver and the Deros are mentioned on a plaque in the video game Shivers , next to a sculpture of a Dero in the "Subterranean World" room. Both Shaver and his work, as well as Amazing Stories , are amongst the esoteric and unusual ideas referred to in the Philip K. Dick novel Confessions of a Crap Artist . In the role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons , which

5264-536: The investigation into the John F. Kennedy assassination . District attorney Jim Garrison issued a press release, writing: Mr. Crisman has been engaged in undercover activity for a part of the industrial warfare complex for years. His cover is that of a "preacher" and a person "engaged in work to help gypsies." Our information indicates that since the early 1960s he has made many trips to the New Orleans and Dallas areas in connection with his undercover work for that part of

5358-497: The issues of Amazing Stories featured Shaver Mystery content, sometimes to the near-exclusion of any other topic. Historian Mike Dash declares that "Shaver's tales were amongst the wildest ever spun, even in the pages of the pulp science fiction magazines of the period". He also published in Other Worlds magazine; the first issue featured his story "The Fall of Lemuria". Many science fiction fans felt compelled to condemn

5452-429: The letters pouring into Amazing recounting personal experiences that backed up the author's stories patently came from the sorts of people who would otherwise spend their time claiming that they were being persecuted by invisible voices or their neighbor's dog". During 1948, Amazing Stories ceased all publication of Shaver's stories. Palmer would later claim the magazine was pressured by sinister outside forces to make

5546-583: The lexicon, and notes that it "strains credibility to imagine" that a Proto-World form of such a word would survive in many languages. Using the criteria that Bengtson and Ruhlen employ to find cognates to their proposed roots, Campbell found seven possible matches to their root for woman * kuna in Spanish, including cónyuge 'wife, spouse', chica 'girl', and cana 'old (of a woman)' (adjective). He then goes on to show how what Bengtson and Ruhlen would identify as reflexes of * kuna cannot possibly be related to

5640-616: The loss of a $ 150,000 airplane did not the government or some agency there attempt to seek justice through the courts of the state and federal government". On July 22, 1967, Crisman spoke at a UFO convention in Seattle about the Maury Island incident. In Fall 1947, Crisman participated in college community theater in La Grande. In April 1949, Crisman was listed as acting public relations officer of Oregon's first chapter of AMVETS . In summer 1949, Crisman gave talk on "The Far East" to

5734-497: The manuscript, increasing the total word count to a novella length of 31,000. Palmer insisted that he did not alter the main elements of Shaver's story, but that he only added an exciting plot so the story would not read "like a dull recitation". Retitled "I Remember Lemuria !"; it was published in the March 1945 issue of Amazing . The issue sold out, and generated quite a response: Between 1945 and 1949, many letters arrived attesting to

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5828-401: The minds of humans with invisible rays. In the book, a boy obsessed with the "Shaver Mystery" begins to hear strange noises in his parents' basement which may or may not be real. In the summer of 1947, Kenneth Arnold claimed to have seen some unusual flying objects near Mount Rainier . His report caused widespread interest in unidentified flying objects , and Palmer was quick to argue that

5922-624: The nature of the organization. In 1966, an FBI informant claimed that Crisman had transported $ 100,000 in cash to California, was doing business as a psychologist, and was suspected of operating a diploma mill. In July 1966, Fate Magazine ran an ad for the "Western Division of the Parapsychological Society" inviting new members to join by contacting "F. Lee Crisman, PhD". In November 1966, Crisman founded The Professional Research Bureau, with T. Edward Beckham and Searoba Bates, seeking "to conduct research and consultation within

6016-506: The original SOV to the modern SVO. Givón bases his theory on the empirical claim that word-order change mostly results in SVO and never in SOV. Exploring Givón's idea in their 2011 paper, Murray Gell-Mann and Merritt Ruhlen stated that shifts to SOV are also attested. However, when these are excluded, the data indeed supported Givón's claim. The authors justified the exclusion by pointing out that

6110-405: The people guiding our state department know just what they are doing...". In September 1950, Crisman was a Willamette University student. In October 1950, he wrote a letter to the editor complaining about the inability of local barbers to give a military trim. In 1951, while studying at Willamette University, Crisman received a teaching assignment at Salem High. On June 10 1951, Crisman

6204-574: The photographs of the " three tramps " with those of Crisman, as well as with photographs of Watergate figures E. Howard Hunt , Frank Sturgis , and two other men. According to the Committee, only Crisman resembled any of the tramps; but the same Committee determined that he was not in Dealey Plaza on the day of the assassination. A document called The Easy Papers was circulated for decades among conspiracy researchers; The document, bearing

6298-409: The second half of the 20th century, Joseph Greenberg produced a series of large-scale classifications of the world's languages. These were and are controversial but widely discussed. Although Greenberg did not produce an explicit argument for monogenesis, all of his classification work was geared toward this end. As he stated: "The ultimate goal is a comprehensive classification of what is very likely

6392-595: The shellac. Glass corresponded with Shaver and found him to be an intelligent and well-read correspondent until one day, out of the blue, the letters took on an abusive tone. It was then that Glass ended the correspondence. The artist Jermaine Rogers has often used his version of the Deros in his many posters used to advertise rock music concerts. Rogers has approached the subject of the Deros with an ambiguity that some have taken as proof that he truly believes in these beings. Starting in 1994, Rogers' Dero has appeared in dozens of his posters and art prints and in 2004 it became

6486-462: The shift to SOV is unexceptionally a matter of borrowing the order from a neighboring language. Moreover, they argued that, since many languages have already changed to SVO, a new trend towards VSO and VOS ordering has arisen. Harald Hammarström reanalysed the data. In contrast to such claims, he found that a shift to SOV is in every case the most common type, suggesting that there is, rather, an unchanged universal tendency towards SOV regardless of

6580-549: The skies by Dirk Wylie , and other genre-blurring texts. In June 1946, Amazing Stories published a pseudonymous letter by Crisman in which he claimed to have battled "mysterious and evil" underground creatures to free himself from a cave in Burma during World War II . Wrote Crisman: I flew my last combat mission on May 26 [1945] when I was shot up over Bassein and ditched my ship in Ramaree Roads off Chedubs Island. I

6674-570: The smallest inventories are found in South America and Oceania, some of the last regions of the globe to be settled. The authors used data from the colonization of Southeast Asia to estimate the rate of increase in phonemic diversity. Applying this rate to African languages, Perreault and Mathew (2012) arrived at an estimated age of 150,000 to 350,000 years, compatible with the emergence and early dispersal of H. sapiens . The validity of this approach has been criticized as flawed. Speculation on

6768-420: The subject and object in the absence of evolved case markers by separating them with the verb. By contrast, Talmy Givón hypothesizes that Proto-Human had SOV (subject-object-verb), based on the observation that many old languages (e.g., Sanskrit and Latin ) had dominant SOV, but the proportion of SVO has increased over time. On such a basis, it is suggested that human languages are shifting globally from

6862-473: The subject. Do not print our names, we are not cowards, but we are not crazy. The letter was quoted in the September 1946 issue of Harper's Magazine as an example of a crackpot letter. In May 1947, Amazing Stories published a second Crisman letter, this time identifying him by name. In this letter, Crisman claimed to have traveled to Alaska with his friend Dick, who was killed there. In 1947, Crisman

6956-607: The subtitle The Crisman Conspiracy . Conspiracy figure Michael Riconosciuto claims he knew Fred Crisman since Riconosciuto was a child. Fred Crisman: Cave of the Space Nazis is a 2022 animated comedy film based on the tales of Fred Crisman. The film begins with the disclaimer: "The following events are apparently true, based on the many claims of Fred Lee Crisman. Technically, we can't prove this didn't happen." The first scene sees Fred Crisman broadcasting from Tacoma radio station KAYE . Crisman tells listeners he

7050-467: The truth of Shaver's claims (tens of thousands of letters, according to Palmer). The correspondents claimed that they, too, had heard strange voices or encountered denizens of the Hollow Earth . One of the letters to Amazing Stories was from a woman who claimed to have gone into a deep subbasement of a Paris, France building via a secret elevator . After months of rape and other torture, the woman

7144-459: The very possibility of tracing language elements so far back into the past. Campbell notes that given the time elapsed since the origin of human language, every word from that time would have been replaced or changed beyond recognition in all languages today. Campbell harshly criticizes efforts to reconstruct a Proto-Human language, saying: "the search for global etymologies is at best a hopeless waste of time, at worst an embarrassment to linguistics as

7238-503: The warfare industry engaged in the manufacture of what is termed, in military language, a "hardware"—meaning those weapons sold to the U.S. government which are uniquely large and expensive. Mr. Crisman is a "former" employee of the Boeing Aircraft Company in the sense that one defendant in the case is a "former" employee of Lockheed Aircraft Company in Los Angeles. In intelligence terminology this ordinarily means that

7332-402: The way that languages change and that the relative increase of SVO is a historical effect of European colonialism. Many linguists reject the methods used to determine these forms. Several areas of criticism are raised with the methods Ruhlen and Gell-Mann employed. The essential basis of these criticisms is that the words being compared do not show common ancestry; the reasons for this vary. One

7426-798: The years since his death. Artist Brian Tucker created an exhibition about Shaver's life and work in 1989 at California Institute of the Arts , and presented Shaver's work again in later years at the Santa Monica Museum of Art and the Guggenheim Gallery of Chapman University in Orange County, California . In 2009, Tucker curated "Mantong and Protong", an exhibition at Pasadena City College which pairs Shaver's work with that of Stanislav Szukalski . Shaver's art has also been exhibited in galleries in New York City and in

7520-490: Was allowing him to hear the thoughts of the men working around him. More frighteningly, he then received the telepathic record of a torture session conducted by malevolent entities in caverns deep within the earth." According to Michael Barkun , Shaver offered inconsistent accounts of how he first learned of the hidden cavern world, but that the assembly line story was the "most common version". Shaver wrote of extremely advanced prehistoric races who had built cavern cities inside

7614-403: Was an outlet for fantasy, science-fiction, and fringe claims. The May 1946 issue, for example, included purportedly-true fringe adventures by Richard Sharpe Shaver , the fiction of Dorothy & John de Courcy written in the style of Shaver, a defense of the religions of Tibet by Millen Cooke , the fiction of Robert Moore Williams , an allegedly-true eyewitness account of unidentified objects in

7708-630: Was awarded a Bachelor's of Arts. Amid the Korean War , in April 1951, it was reported that Crisman had been ordered to active duty. That conflict ended in July 1953. In 1953, he returned to teaching in Elgin, Oregon. He worked as a teacher and administrator in high schools in Washington and Oregon. In December 1953, Crisman served as director of the high school drama club. In 1955, Crisman accepted

7802-532: Was freed by a benevolent Tero. Another letter claiming involvement with Deros came from Fred Crisman , later to gain notoriety for his role in the Maury Island Incident and the John F. Kennedy assassination . "Shaver Mystery Club" societies were created in several cities. The controversy gained some notice in the mainstream press at the time, including a mention in a 1951 issue of Life magazine. Palmer claimed that Amazing Stories magazine had

7896-499: Was heavily influenced by pulp and weird fiction in its development, there exists a race of evil subterranean dwarves called the derro, which were first described in the AD&;D First Edition of Monster Manual II . These derro make raids on the surface to kidnap humans for use as slaves and food, and some among them, called Savants, possess magical and psychic powers, which they can use to influence people's minds. They are said to have

7990-415: Was hospitalized for kidney failure. On April 12, 1975, Crisman married Mary Frances Borden. In April 1975, True Magazine published a photo of Crisman, speculating he was one of the "three hobos" of JFK conspiracy lore. The November 1975 issue of Crawdaddy Magazine repeated this claim and further claimed, without evidence, that "Olympia police suspected [Crisman] of narcotics activity in connection with

8084-598: Was involved with Harold Dahl in the Maury Island incident , an early UFO incident widely considered to be a hoax, even within Ufology. Dahl believed the 1960s TV series, The Invaders was based on Crisman's life. In the January 1950 issue of Fate Magazine, Crisman insisted the incident was not a hoax. Wrote Crisman: "Why, if we were such blackguards and deliberately caused the deaths of two Air Force Pilots and

8178-446: Was listed as journalism teacher. On February 21, 1966, Crisman was suspended and later dismissed from his teaching position at Cascade High on a charge of insubordination and "creating a secret society". The board added that "the organization is of such a nature that should not be condoned or authorized to exist in this district." District officials said the society had been limited to five students, and officials declined to disclose

8272-583: Was missing five days. I requested leave at Kashmere. I and Capt. (deleted by request) left Srinagar and went to Rudok then through the Khesa pass to the northern foothills of the Kabakoram. We found what we were looking for. We knew what we were searching for. For heaven's sake, drop the whole thing! You are playing with dynamite. My companion and I fought our way out of a cave with submachine guns. I have two 9" scars on my left arm that came from wounds given me in

8366-460: Was not involved with the Kennedy assassination , saying "I could never have performed such a stunt...", before slyly adding "alone". Crisman claims he has protected the Earth from aliens, saying to doubters "If you don't believe that I protected this world from egregious extraterrestrials, then I simply ask you: Where are they? I don't see any aliens here. You're welcome!" In flashback to 1946,

8460-482: Was on to something. According to Palmer (in his autobiography The Secret World ), Palmer wrote back to Shaver, asking how he had learned of Mantong. Shaver responded with an approximately 10,000-word document titled "A Warning to Future Man". Shaver claimed to have worked in a factory where, in 1932, odd things began to occur. As Bruce Lanier Wright notes, Shaver "began to notice that one of the welding guns on his job site, 'by some freak of its coil's field atunements',

8554-533: Was one of the "Three Tramps" arrested by Dallas police as well as being a Bishop of the Universal Life Church. Garrison theorized: "I suggest the only reasonable conclusion is that he [Crisman] was (and probably is, if still around), an operative at a deep cover level in a long-range, clandestine, intelligence mission directly (in terms of our national intelligence paranoia) related to maintaining national security... Crisman emerges as an operative at

8648-402: Was one of the prominent themes of Shaver's writings". Though generally confined to their caves, Shaver claimed that the Deros sometimes traveled with spaceships or rockets , and had dealings with equally evil extraterrestrial beings. Shaver claimed to possess first-hand knowledge of the Deros and their caves, insisting he had been their prisoner for several years. Palmer edited and rewrote

8742-571: Was privately accusing Crisman of being one of the three tramps . Starting on August 1, 1968, Crisman hosted a radio talk show under the pseudonym "Jon Gold" on station KAYE . Crismann authored a pamphlet, under his radio name Jon Gold, titled "What to do until Sanity Returns" which he advertised on his show. The work denounced sensitivity training as "Communist-oriented" brainwashing. Crisman's pamphlet called for widespread infiltration and disruption of civic organizations like Parent-Teacher Associations. Wrote Crisman: In January 1969, Crisman

8836-435: Was sued for libel along with other KAYE personalities by a city official who had been accused of being a communist; The case was dismissed. Crisman authored a book, The Murder of a City, Tacoma published in 1970 through Transistor Publishing Company. The book was described by reviewer Michael Sullivan as a "weird, politically slanted rant" that manages to "tie corruption in Tacoma to everything from communist infiltrators to

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