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42-522: The Shenendehowa Central School District , often shortened to Shen , is a public school district located in New York's Capital District . The district's 232-acre (0.94 km) main campus is located off NY 146 in Clifton Park , and is home to eight of the district's 12 schools, in five buildings. The remaining four schools are called "neighborhood elementary schools" and are located throughout

84-454: A school board ) may be elected, appointed by a political office holder, serve ex officio , or a combination of any of these. An independent school district is a legally separate body corporate and political . Most school districts operate as independent local governmental units with exclusive authority over K–12 public educational operations and policies. The extent of their control is set by state-level law. Litigation against school districts

126-481: A "board of trustees," "board of education," "school committee," etc.. This body usually appoints or hires an experienced public school administrator to function as the district's superintendent of schools – a district's chief executive . The superintendent oversees daily operations, decisions and implements the policies of the board. The school board may also exercise a quasi-judicial function in serious employee or student discipline matters. School districts in

168-626: A certain degree comparable to a school district. Other arrangements are possible: certain types of special schools in North Rhine-Westphalia are run by the Landschaftsverbände . There also exist private schools , mostly funded by the States, but run by private entities like churches or foundations. In Italy , school districts were established in 1974 by the " Provvedimenti Delegati sulla scuola " ("Assigned Laws [to

210-568: A decline in property tax revenues during and after the Great Recession . By 2016 there were about 13,000 school districts, and the average student population was about 5,000. Although these terms can vary slightly between various states and regions, these are typical definitions for school district constitution: These terms may not appear in a district's name, even though the condition may apply. In England and Wales , school boards were established in 1870, and abolished in 1902, with

252-411: A decrease of 38,127 or 35%. Many states had passed laws facilitating school district consolidation. In 1951 the majority of the school districts in existence were rural school districts only providing elementary education, and some school districts did not operate schools but instead provided transportation to other schools. The Midwest had a large number of rural school districts. Previously areas of

294-628: A language family of indigenous peoples of North America . They are known for their general lack of labial consonants . The Iroquoian languages are polysynthetic and head-marking . As of 2020, almost all surviving Iroquoian languages are severely or critically endangered , with some languages having only a few elderly speakers remaining. The two languages with the most speakers, Mohawk (Kenien'kéha) in New York and Canada, and Cherokee in Oklahoma and North Carolina, are spoken by less than 10% of

336-641: A minority of secondary schools , a few primary schools, and much further education . (Most schools are neither organized geographically nor publicly managed, although the Department of Education inspects and funds them and pays teachers' salaries.) Each ETB area comprises one or more local authority areas , with city or county councilors forming the bulk of the ETB board. The ETBs was formed in 2005 by amalgamating Vocational Education Committees established in 1930, also based on local government areas. In Hong Kong ,

378-400: A school system that is separate but similar to a town's or a county's powers. These include the power to enter contacts, use eminent domain , and to issue binding rules and regulations affecting school policies and operations. The power of school districts to tax and spend is generally more limited. For example, many school districts in New York state require a majority of voters living in

420-710: A single school district." Noting that most modern school districts were formed by consolidating one-room school districts in the first seven decades of the 20th century, Fischel argues that "outside the South, these consolidations were consented to by local voters" who "preferred districts whose boundaries conformed to their everyday interactions rather than formal units of government" and that "[t]he South ended up with county-based school districts because segregation imposed diseconomies of scale on district operations and required larger land-area districts." In New York , most school districts are separate governmental units with

462-449: A state), most American school districts operate as independent local governmental units under a grant of authority and within geographic limits created by state law. The executive and legislative power over locally-controlled policies and operations of an independent school district are, in most cases, held by a school district's board of education. Depending on state law, members of a local board of education (often referred to informally as

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504-610: Is Dr L. Oliver Robinson, who received his bachelor's degree from Brown University and his master's degree and doctorate from SUNY Albany . He was previously the superintendent of Mohonasen Central School District , and received The Business Review's Best and Brightest Under 40 Award in 2004. Past superintendents include: In the 2005-06 school year, 4463 students were enrolled in grades K-5, 2269 were enrolled in grades 6-8, and 2858 were enrolled in grades 9-12. The district employed 676 teachers, 12 principals, 10 assistant principals, 85 professional staff, and 36 paraprofessionals during

546-469: Is as follows: Shenendehowa Central out on the plain so clear; Her Carillon bells are standing a symbol we hold dear; And through the years she'll guide us and help us on our way; We never will forget her but with honour will repay; Alma Mater, Alma Mater; to thee we sang our praise; Shenendehowa Central; Our standard our guide always Shenendehowa's athletic teams are called the Plainsmen, and their mascot

588-427: Is common and some law firms specialize in education law. Districts typically maintain professional liability insurance in order to pay its settlements and legal liabilities. As of 2023 in most U.S. states, public school districts may lay taxes to fund their operations. In others, such as Maine , some school districts are able to lay taxes and others are not. Independent school districts often exercise authority over

630-406: Is governed by a Board of Education made up of seven unsalaried citizens who serve three-year terms, and who are elected on a rotating basis. The current members of the board of education are: The board of education also employs a district superintendent who oversees the day-to-day operation of the district and who is responsible for the administration of board policies. The current superintendent

672-635: Is the stallion. Until 1995, the district used two different caricatures of a Native American as a mascot; they were phased out due to concerns that it depicted Native Americans in a demeaning and prejudicial fashion. The Plainsmen participate in 34 varsity sports over all seasons, as well as competing at junior varsity, freshman, and modified levels in many of these sports. Fall varsity sports include boys' cross country , American football , golf , soccer , and volleyball , as well as girls' cross country running, field hockey , soccer, swimming and diving , tennis , volleyball, color guard , and cheerleading . In

714-595: The Adirondack Northway (I-87); Chango, located off CR-80 Round Lake Road at Exit 11 of the Adirondack Northway (I-87); and Arongen and Shatekon, both located just off the main campus. These schools are for students in grades K-5, with AM and PM kindergartens. The district's three middle school buildings share one large complex on the main campus. The schools share areas such as gyms and libraries, but function as separate schools. One section of

756-687: The Education Bureau divides primary schools into 36 districts, known as school nets, for its Primary One Admission System . Of the 36 districts, districts 34 and 41 in Kowloon and districts 11 and 12 in Hong Kong Island are considered the most prestigious. In Iranian cities school kids normal registrations are limited by school districts, register is online at my.medu.ir and the parent sees schools within range online. Iroquoian languages The Iroquoian languages are

798-790: The Midwest and West tend to cross municipal boundaries, while school districts in New England and the Mid-Atlantic regions tend to adhere to city, township, and/or county boundaries. As of 1951 school districts were independent governmental units in 26 states, while in 17 states there were mixes of independent school districts and school districts subordinate to other local governments. In nine states there were only school districts subordinate to local governments. In most Southern states, school systems operate either as an arm of county government or at least share coextensive boundaries with

840-710: The Unorganized Borough of Alaska were not served by school districts but instead served by schools directly operated by the Alaska Department of Education and by Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) schools. The state schools were transferred to the Alaska State-Operated School System (SOS) after the Alaska Legislature created it in 1971; that agency was terminated in 1975, with its schools transferred to

882-442: The county council and county borough councils becoming the local education authorities . In France, the system of the carte scolaire was dismantled by the beginning of the 2007 school year. More school choice has been given to French students; however, priority is given to those who meet the following criteria: In Germany , schools and teachers are predominately funded by the states of Germany , which also are in control of

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924-1114: The American South. They are believed to have spoken an Iroquoian language but documentation is lacking. Attempts to link the Iroquoian, Siouan , and Caddoan languages in a Macro-Siouan family are suggestive but remain unproven ( Mithun 1999 :305). As of 2012, a program in Iroquois linguistics at Syracuse University , the Certificate in Iroquois Linguistics for Language Learners , is designed for students and language teachers working in language revitalization . Six Nations Polytechnic in Ohsweken, Ontario offers Ogwehoweh language Diploma and Degree Programs in Mohawk or Cayuga . Starting in September 2017,

966-726: The Conestoga Confederacy and the Haudenosaunee Confederacy were defeated and scattered, migrating to form new tribes or adopted into others. The Iroquoian peoples had a practice of adopting valiant enemies into the tribe; they also adopted captive women and children to replace members who had died. The group known as the Meherrin were neighbors to the Tuscarora and the Nottoway ( Binford 1967 ) in

1008-557: The Government] about the school"). Each district must contain a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The national government attempted to link the local schools with local society and culture and local governments. The school districts were dissolved in 2003 by the "legge finanziaria" (law about the government budget) in an attempt to trim the national budget. In the Republic of Ireland, 16 Education and Training Boards (ETBs) administer

1050-481: The Suburban Council, an interscholastic athletic consortium of 11 area school with a districts. Today, Shenendehowa is a district of 13 schools: 8 elementary schools, 3 middle schools, and 2 high schools. Four elementary schools are located on the main campus (Skano, Tesago, Orenda, and Karigon). The other four are neighborhood elementary schools including Okte, located on CR-92 Crescent Road off Exit 8 of

1092-466: The United States tend to be different from the demographics of the students. This difference is "most pronounced in majority nonwhite jurisdictions and school districts with the largest racial achievement gaps ." There were 130,000 school districts in the country in 1930, with an average student population of 150. From 1942 to 1951 the number of school districts declined from 108,579 to 70,452,

1134-492: The district in three buildings. The district serves approximately 9,500 students in grades K-12 from throughout its 86-square-mile (220 km) territory which includes the towns of Clifton Park , Halfmoon , Ballston Lake , Round Lake , Malta and parts of Waterford , Rexford , Mechanicville and Stillwater . Shenendehowa is the largest School District in Saratoga County , and the largest in student population in

1176-469: The district or the local government to approval their annual budget, but school districts in Virginia have no taxing authority and must depend on another local government (county, city, or town) for funding. A district's governing body, usually called a school board , is typically elected by direct popular vote but may be appointed by other governmental officials. The governing body might also be known as

1218-569: The district's main campus. The West Building houses Grade 9, while the East Building houses Grades 10-12 Since the opening of the new wing of the East building in September 2004, that building has housed all of the district's sophomores, juniors, and seniors, while the West building has housed only the district's freshmen. The current principal is Ron Agostinoni. At the district level, Shenendehowa

1260-648: The eastern end of Lake Erie placed them between the larger confederations. To the east of the Wenro, beyond the Genesee Gorge , were the lands of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy. To the southeast, beyond the headwaters of the Allegheny River , lay the Conestoga (Susquehannock). The Conestoga Confederacy and Erie were militarily powerful and respected by neighboring tribes. By 1660 all of these peoples but

1302-491: The middle school complex is the oldest building on campus, but has undergone extensive renovations and reconfigurations over the 63 years since it was built. The building now is home to Acadia, Koda, and Gowana Middle Schools, which together house all students in grades 6 through 8, divided by geographical region. Koda is the newest school and opened in 1999. Shenendehowa High School is divided into two buildings, designated East and West by their respective geographical locations on

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1344-423: The modified, freshmen, and varsity levels which are open to Shenendehowa students.) School district In the U.S., most K–12 public schools function as units of local school districts. A school district usually operate several elementary , middle , and high schools . The largest urban and suburban districts operate hundreds of schools. While practice varies significantly by state (and in some cases, within

1386-608: The newly created Alaska Unorganized Borough School District, which was broken apart into twenty-one school districts the following year. In the 2022 Census of Governments, the United States Census Bureau enumerated the following numbers of school systems in the United States: School districts in the US have reduced the number of their employees by 3.3%, or 270,000 between 2008 and 2012, owing to

1428-504: The overall education policies. On the other hand, school buildings are mostly run and funded by municipal governments on different levels of the municipal system (municipalities proper, districts), depending on the size and specialization of a certain school or the population size of a certain municipality. As with other fields of government, for more specialized schools, special government bodies ("Zweckverband") can be established, where municipalities, and not voters, are members; these are to

1470-571: The populations of their nations. † — language extinct/dormant Evidence is emerging that what has been called the Laurentian language appears to be more than one dialect or language. Ethnographic and linguistic field work with the Wyandot tribal elders ( Barbeau 1960 ) yielded enough documentation for scholars to characterize and classify the Huron and Petun languages. The languages of

1512-441: The power to levy taxes and incur debt, except for the five cities with a population of over 125,000 ( Buffalo , Rochester , Syracuse , Yonkers , and New York City ), where the schools are operated directly by the municipalities. The Hawaii State Department of Education functions as a single statewide school district, unique among states. According to a 2021 study, the demographics of voters who elect local school boards in

1554-435: The same building. Grades K-6 moved to Tesago and Skano in 1966, while grades 9-12 moved to Shenendehowa High School after it was built in 1970. Shenendehowa Central School District continued to expand with Orenda and Karigon (1968); Okte (1973); Chango (1974); Koda Middle School (1976) (now High School West); Arongen (1992); High School West (1999, East 2004); and Shatekon (2007). Shenendehowa's alma mater , written in 1962,

1596-550: The same school year. In the 2012-13 school year, a total of 8,745 students were enrolled in the district at the end of the year. The district employed 662 teachers, 12 principals, 11 assistant principals, and 85 professional staff. Shenendehowa Central School district was established on January 14, 1950, under the name of "Central Schools District No. 2, of the Towns of Clifton Park, Halfmoon, Malta, Waterford, Ballston and Stillwater, County of Saratoga, New York." The name Shenendehowa

1638-556: The state's counties. A 2010 study by economist William A. Fischel found that "two-thirds of medium-to-large American cities have boundaries that substantially overlap those of a single school district" with substantial regional and state variations in the degree of overlap, "ranging from nearly perfect congruence in New England , New Jersey, and Virginia, to hardly any in Illinois, Texas, and Florida." Older and more populous municipalities "tend to have boundaries that closely match those of

1680-590: The tribes that constituted the tiny Wenrohronon , the powerful Conestoga Confederacy and the confederations of the Neutral Nation and the Erie Nation are very poorly documented in print. The Huron ( Wyandot people ) referred to the Neutral people as Atiwandaronk, meaning 'they who understand the language'. The Wenro and Neutral are historically grouped together, and geographically the Wenro's range on

1722-553: The winter season, the Plainsmen compete in boys' and girls' alpine and cross-country skiing , basketball , bowling club , winter guard , and indoor track , as well as boys' wrestling , swimming and diving , and ice hockey , and girls' gymnastics and cheerleading. The spring season includes boys' and girls' track and field and lacrosse , as well as baseball and tennis for boys, and softball for girls. Although not officially associated with Shenendehowa athletics, Friends of Shenendehowa Crew, Inc. sponsors crew teams at

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1764-512: Was decided later and accredited to old Dutch maps which designated the area as such. The school board says the word "Shenendahowe" comes from an Iroquois word meaning "Great Plains". All of the schools, with the exception of the high schools, have names derived from the Iroquois language. After construction, kindergarten students and students of grades 8 through 12 were allowed to move into the main building (now Gowana and Acadia) in 1953. The following year, students of grades 1 through 7 would enter

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