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60-613: Sheppey may refer to: Isle of Sheppey , on the north Kent coast Municipal Borough of Queenborough-in-Sheppey Sittingbourne and Sheppey (UK Parliament constituency) Sheppey Crossing Sheppey Light Railway A.F.C. Sheppey River Sheppey , in Somerset Sheppey Corner , in Gloucestershire John Sheppey (1300–1360), English administrator and bishop Sheppey (play) ,

120-718: A "cargo hold", he airlifted one small pig. The Eastchurch airfield was also the site, in July 1911, of the competition for the Gordon Bennett Cup for powered air racing, attended by flyers from all over the world, and won that year by the American pilot C. T. Weymann . A stained glass window in the south side of All Saints' Church, Eastchurch (built in 1432), was dedicated to Rolls and Grace, who were killed in July and December 1910 respectively. In July 2009, Eastchurch celebrated 100 years of aviation history associated with

180-578: A 1933 play by William Somerset Maugham Sheppey, a humorous unit of measure See also [ edit ] Shepway (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Sheppey . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheppey&oldid=934820452 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

240-474: A central span raised between two towers. Trains and road traffic were able to use it, as with the next two bridges. On 6 November 1906 the second bridge, built for the South Eastern and Chatham Railway , replaced the first. It had a "rolling lift" design that was originally worked by hand, but later by electricity. In October 1959 Kingsferry Bridge , a lifting bridge , was completed, able to lift both

300-512: A convenient target for the Danes. In 855, Sheppey as part of the kingdom of Wessex , became the winter camp of an occupying Viking force, presumably the raiders from prior attacks. Raiding continued in the springtime, with Sheppey's minsters being used by the invaders as feasting halls or general headquarters. In 1016, Cnut the Great of Denmark and his forces are reported to have retreated to

360-533: A few kilometres the next year to Eastchurch where a new more appropriate aerodrome had been built for the club. The Eastchurch airfield played a significant role in the history of British aviation from 1909 when Frank McClean acquired Stonepits Farm, on the marshes across from Leysdown, converting the land into an airfield for members of the Aero Club of Great Britain. The Short brothers, Horace, Eustace and Oswald , built aircraft at Battersea to be tested at

420-415: A naturalist. He discovered much of interest to the antiquarian, naturalist, geologist and zoologist, although there was little prior knowledge. In 1777, Jacob published a book about his various fossil finds, including what he called "the remains of an elephant". The island has an established scorpion population. Euscorpius flavicaudis has been resident since the 1860s, believed to have been imported on

480-737: A passenger ferry connecting to the Port Victoria railway terminus on the Grain Peninsula . The most recently active of these, the Harty Ferry, ceased operation at the start of the First World War , although there was a short lived attempt to start a small hovercraft service between the Harty Ferry Inn and Oare Creek near Faversham in 1970. The complex of causewayed enclosures at Kingsborough Manor attests to

540-462: A regression developed from water samples that are filtered, dried, and weighed), multiplying the concentration with the discharge as above, and integrating over the entire plume. To distinguish the spill contribution, the background turbidity is subtracted from the spill plume turbidity. Since the spill plume in open water varies in space and time, an integration over the entire plume is required, and repeated many times to get acceptably low uncertainty in

600-594: A ship. They have been found to be highly adaptable and hence have survived the relative cold by conserving energy and only acting for nutrition and reproduction. The last known colony in England of the British endemic subspecies of the Essex Emerald moth, at Windmill creek, died out as late as 1991. In 2008 palaeontologists published details of the fossil skull, found on the island, of a large flying bird from

660-519: A significant feature of the Isle of Sheppey's economy, which includes the extensive export/import of motor vehicles, and a large steel works, with extensive railway fixtures. The island is, however, suffering from an economic recession and these industries are not as extensive as they once were. The area immediately outside the dockyard was occupied by dockyard workers, who built wooden houses and decorated them with Admiralty blue paint illegally acquired from

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720-533: A small meadow: he also let a number of cottages thereabouts. Sir Robert de Shurland (d. 1324), a member of the family, served in the Anglo-Scottish wars , including the siege of Caerlaverock (1300), where he was knighted; and shortly afterwards obtained a charter of free warren for his manor of Ufton, in the parish of Tunstall . He fought on the rebel baronial side at the Battle of Boroughbridge (1322),

780-529: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Isle of Sheppey 51°23′28″N 0°49′52″E  /  51.391°N 0.831°E  / 51.391; 0.831 The Isle of Sheppey is an island off the northern coast of Kent , England, neighbouring the Thames Estuary , centred 42 miles (68 km) from central London. It has an area of 36 square miles (93 km ). The island forms part of

840-697: Is driven by a dockyard and port, the presence of three prisons, and various caravan sites. Sheppey is separated from the mainland by a channel called the Swale . In concert with the Wantsum Channel that once separated the Isle of Thanet from mainland Britain to the east (before it silted over in the late Middle Ages ), and Yantlet Creek at the Isle of Grain to the west, it was occasionally used in ancient times by ships navigating to and from ports such as Chatham and London to reduce exposure to bad weather in

900-559: Is on the site of two earlier establishments. Originally called the "New Inn", in 1868 the site became "The Royal Oxford Music Hall". The following year the building, which is situated a few doors down from the Bluetown court house, became the Criterion Public House, with a music hall called the "palace of varieties" situated immediately to its rear. In 1879 the building was replaced with a brick structure. On 5 June 1917

960-689: The Eocene epoch called Dasornis in the deposits of the London Clay . From 1894 to 1968, Sheppey comprised the Municipal Borough of Queenborough , Sheerness Urban District and Sheppey Rural District (consisting of the civil parishes of Eastchurch , Elmley , Harty , Leysdown-on-Sea , Minster in Sheppey and Warden ). In 1968, all these units were abolished and simultaneously a new single Municipal Borough of Queenborough-in-Sheppey

1020-479: The First World War troops were billeted at the Great Hall, and it suffered considerable damage as a result. Shurland Hall is a Grade II listed building . In 2006 a grant of £300,000 was made by English Heritage to restore the hall's façade. The Spitalfields Historic Buildings Trust carried out the restoration work which was completed in 2011. The house was put on the open market for £1.5 million, and

1080-422: The local government district of Swale . Sheppey is derived from Old English Sceapig , meaning "Sheep Island". Today's island was historically known as the "Isles of Sheppey" which were Sheppey itself, the Isle of Harty to the south east and the Isle of Elmley to the south west. Over time the channels between the islands have silted up to make one contiguous island, which is now linked by two bridges to

1140-475: The offshore dumping of material dredged from harbours and navigation channels. The deposition may also be to build up the coastline, for artificial islands , or for beach replenishment . Climate change also affects siltation rates. Another important cause of siltation is the septage and other sewage sludges that are discharged from households or business establishments with no septic tanks or wastewater treatment facilities to bodies of water. While

1200-455: The sediment in transport is in suspension , it acts as a pollutant for those who require clean water, such as for cooling or in industrial processes, and it includes aquatic life that are sensitive to suspended material in the water. While nekton have been found to avoid spill plumes in the water (e.g. the environmental monitoring project during the building of the Øresund Bridge ), filtering benthic organisms have no way of escape. Among

1260-576: The Criterion was badly damaged by a German air raid. Shrapnel marks from the attack can still be seen in the dockyard wall opposite the building. After the air raid, the building was re-built in its present form retaining some of its original features. After a variety of other uses, the site became the Heritage Centre in January 2009. A special exhibition in 2014 commemorated the centenary of

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1320-616: The First World War. Henry VIII , requiring the River Medway as an anchorage for his navy, ordered that the mouth of the river should be protected by a small fort. Garrison Fort was built in 1545. Sheerness is a commercial port and main town of the Isle of Sheppey and owes much to its origins, as a Royal Naval dockyard town. Samuel Pepys established the Royal Navy Dockyard in the 17th century. Sheerness

1380-513: The Island of Sheppey rather than face King Edmund Ironside in battle during the winter. King Edmund gathered his forces during Lent and mounted an attack on Cnut shortly after Easter. Shurland Hall , near Eastchurch , is named after its first owners, the De Shurland family. In 1188 Adam de Shurland possessed a mill with more than 1,000 acres (405 ha) of mixed land, mostly marsh with

1440-456: The Kentish mainland. Sheppey, like much of north Kent, is largely formed from London Clay and is a plentiful source of fossils. The Mount near Minster rises to 250 feet (76 metres) above sea level and is the highest point on the island. The rest of Sheppey is low-lying and the southern part of the island is marshy land criss-crossed by inlets and drains, largely used for grazing. The economy

1500-598: The Swale lies Whitstable . The Swale channel was the point of departure selected by James II , when departing in some haste "from the Protestant deliverance of the nation" by William of Orange in December 1688. A hoy having been chartered, the fugitive king landed at Elmley , only to be mobbed by local fishermen. They thought such a noble on such a humble vessel was the locally hated Jesuit Edward Petre and so took his money, watch and coronation ring. At length he

1560-559: The Thames Estuary or North Sea . The Kingsferry Bridge was first built in 1860, thus eliminating the need for ferries. Over time, there have been four bridges built over the Swale at this point. All bridges had to allow sufficient clearance for shipping heading to the commercial docks at Ridham . On 19 July 1860 the first bridge came into use. It was built for the London, Chatham and Dover Railway , to an Admiralty design. It had

1620-473: The dockyard. This area was, and still is, known as Blue Town , though it is now mostly occupied by the Sheerness Steel complex. Beyond Blue Town, an outlying residential area overlooking the sea was chiefly designed for various government officials. This area became known as Mile Town because it is one mile (1.6 km) from Sheerness. About 200 shipwrecks are recorded around the coast of Sheppey,

1680-563: The end of WW2. The largest town on the island is Minster with a population of 21,319. Other towns include Sheerness and Leysdown-on-Sea . The whole north coast is dotted with caravan parks and holiday homes; there is also a naturist beach beyond Leysdown , towards Shellness. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds managed a portion of Elmley National Nature Reserve known as Elmley Marshes up until 2013, at which point it reverted to management by Elmley Conservation Trust, owners of

1740-483: The erosion source is typically construction activities, which involve clearing the original land-covering vegetation and temporarily creating something akin to an urban desert from which fines are easily washed out during rainstorms. In water, the main pollution source is sediment spill from dredging , the transportation of dredged material on barges, and the deposition of dredged material in or near water. Such deposition may be made to get rid of unwanted material, such as

1800-429: The first line of defense is to maintain land cover and prevent soil erosion in the first place. The second line of defense is to trap the material before it reaches the stream network (known as sediment control ). In urban areas, the defenses are to keep land uncovered for as short a time as possible during construction and to use silt screens to prevent the sediment from getting released in water bodies. During dredging,

1860-410: The food gathering of filtering organisms, and the sediment accumulation on the bottom may bury organisms to the point that they starve or even die. It is only if the concentration is extreme that it decreases the light level sufficiently for impacting primary productivity. An accumulation of as little as 1 mm (0.039 in) may kill coral polyps. While the effect of the siltation on the biota (once

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1920-455: The harm is already done) can be studied by repeated inspection of selected test plots, the magnitude of the siltation process in the impact area may be measured directly by monitoring in real time. Parameters to measure are sediment accumulation, turbidity at the level of the filtering biota, and optionally incident light. Siltation of the magnitude that it affects shipping can also be monitored by repeated bathymetric surveys. In rural areas,

1980-450: The horse that had helped save his life would be the cause of his death. To defy the prophecy, Sir Robert killed his horse; but later encountering its bones, he kicked them in scorn, only for a shard to pierce his foot, causing an infection from which he died. The tale takes elements from Italian, Slavic and Icelandic folklore (including the story of Oleg the Wise , and that of Örvar-Oddr ). It

2040-668: The importance of the island's high ground during the Neolithic and Bronze Ages . Later prehistoric, Roman and medieval occupation has been found by archaeologists in advance of development at Neat's Court and St Clements CofE Primary School in Leysdown. In the year 835, Viking invaders attacked Sheppey. It is the first known account of a major Viking raid in Southern England. Sheppey would go on to suffer from subsequent raids, its vulnerable coastal monasteries providing

2100-406: The increased sediment transport into an area may be erosion on land or activities in the water. In rural areas, the erosion source is typically soil degradation by intensive or inadequate agricultural practices, leading to soil erosion , especially in fine-grained soils such as loess . The result will be an increased amount of silt and clay in the water bodies that drain the area. In urban areas,

2160-424: The island. SkySheppey brought together a number of associations and joined with many visitors to recognise the importance of British aviation history that started at Eastchurch. From March 2015 a new museum, The Aviation Museum Eastchurch, was set up at The Old Mill Green off Brabazon Way, HMP Standford Hill, to commemorate the pioneer aviators and the site as a long established RAF Station serving from WW1 through to

2220-525: The largest and fastest expanding ports in the UK. The Port of Sheerness contains at least one Grade II listed building, the Old Boat House. Built in 1866, it is the first multi-storey iron framed industrial building recorded in the UK. Decorated with ornate ironwork, it features operating rails extending the length of the building, for the movement of stores, much like a modern crane. A large ferry terminal

2280-467: The last 27 years of its existence. The island has a long history of aviation development in England. It was home to Lord Brabazon 's Royal Aero Club which formed in Leysdown in the early 1900s to popularise ballooning. The club took to the aeroplane with relish, and in July 1909 the Short Brothers established Shellbeach Aerodrome on nearby marshland to accommodate six Wright Flyers , moving

2340-476: The most difficult conflicts of interest to resolve, as regards siltation mitigation, is perhaps beach nourishment . When sediments are placed on or near beaches in order to replenish an eroding beach, any fines in the material will continue to be washed out for as long as the sand is being reworked. Since all replenished beaches are eroding or they would not need replenishment, they will contribute to nearshore siltation almost for as long as it takes to erode away what

2400-581: The most direct link between the island and the Iwade / Lower Halstow area. On 5 September 2013, fog caused a 130 vehicle pile-up on the Sheppey Crossing bridge and its northern approach in which eight people were seriously hurt and another 30 hospitalised. Four ferries previously connected the island to mainland Kent: the King's Ferry to Iwade , the Harty Ferry to Faversham , one from Elmley , and

2460-675: The most famous being the SS Richard Montgomery , a liberty ship loaded with bombs and explosives that grounded on sandbanks during the Second World War . As of 2004 plans were discussed with a view to removing the threat from the Montgomery . These include encasing the ship in concrete or removing the bombs; no firm decision has been made. New research commissioned by the Government in 2005–06 suggested that

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2520-436: The most sensitive organisms are coral polyps. Generally speaking, hard bottom communities and mussel banks (including oysters) are more sensitive to siltation than sand and mud bottoms. Unlike in the sea, in a stream, the plume will cover the entire channel, except possibly for backwaters, and so fish will also be directly affected in most cases. Siltation can also affect navigation channels or irrigation channels. It refers to

2580-474: The proportion of fines in sediments typically increases in the offshore direction, the deposited sand will inevitably contain a significant percentage of siltation-contributing fines. It is desirable to minimize the siltation of irrigation channels by hydrologic design, the objective being not to create zones with falling sediment transport capacity, as that is conducive to sedimentation. Once sedimentation has occurred, in irrigation or navigation channels, dredging

2640-474: The results. The measurements are made close to the source, in the order of a few hundred meters. Anything beyond a work area buffer zone for sediment spill is considered the potential impact area. In the open sea, the impact of concern is almost exclusively with the sessile bottom communities since empirical data show that fish effectively avoid the impacted area. The siltation affects the bottom community in two main ways. The suspended sediment may interfere with

2700-524: The road and the railway line to allow ships to pass beneath. In May 2006 the Sheppey Crossing was completed and opened on 3 July. This four-lane road bridge rises to a height of 95 feet (29m) at mean high water springs above the Swale, and carries the A249 trunk road. Pedestrian, animal and bicycle traffic, as well as the railway, are still obliged to use the lifting bridge, which still provides

2760-402: The site. Siltation It is sometimes referred to by the ambiguous term " sediment pollution ", which can also refer to a chemical contamination of sediments accumulated on the bottom, or to pollutants bound to sediment particles. Although "siltation" is not perfectly stringent, since it also includes particle sizes other than silt, it is preferred for its lack of ambiguity. The origin of

2820-441: The site; later Moore-Brabazon, Professor Huntington, Charles S. Rolls and Cecil Grace all visited and used the flying club's services. Wilbur Wright and his brother Orville came to the Isle of Sheppey to visit the new flying grounds of the Aero Club. In 1909, Moore-Brabazon made the first live cargo flight by fixed-wing aircraft, by tying a waste-paper basket to a wing strut of his Shorts-built Wright aircraft. Then, using it as

2880-409: The spill can be minimized but not eliminated completely by the way the dredger is designed and operated. If the material is deposited on land, efficient sedimentation basins can be constructed. If it is dumped into relatively deep water, there will be a significant spill during dumping but not thereafter, and the spill that arises has minimal impact if there are only fine-sediment bottoms nearby. One of

2940-445: The stream, by measuring the sediment concentration and multiplying that with the discharge ; for example, 50 mg/L (1.8 × 10  lb/cu in) times 30 m /s (1,100 cu ft/s) gives 1.5 kg/s (200 lb/min). Also, sediment spill is better measured in transport than at the source. The sediment transport in open water is estimated by measuring the turbidity , correlating turbidity to sediment concentration (using

3000-596: The threat has passed and that constant surveillance should ensure the safety of the immediate community. In 1629 the first recorded botanical visit was paid to the island by the apothecary Thomas Johnson and colleagues. They were thought to be foreigners so were arrested and imprisoned in Queenborough Castle before being released by the Mayor. Edward Jacob (1710–1788) purchased the little Manor of Nutts, Isle of Sheppey, in 1752. There, he pursued his hobby as

3060-409: The undesired accumulation of sediments in channels intended for vessels or for distributing water. One may distinguish between measurements at the source, during transport, and within the affected area. Source measurements of erosion may be very difficult since the lost material may be a fraction of a millimeter per year. Therefore, the approach taken is typically to measure the sediment in transport in

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3120-422: Was added, albeit with somewhat decreasing intensity over time. Since the leakage is detrimental to coral reefs, the practice leads to a direct conflict between the public interest of saving beaches, and preserving any nearshore coral reefs. To minimize the conflict, beach replenishment should not be done with sand containing any silt or clay fractions. In practice the sand is often taken from offshore areas, and since

3180-626: Was also to a large extent composed of deserters from the English Royal Navy) was hardly enthusiastic. Pepys, then secretary of the Navy Board , described Sheerness as lost "after two or three hours' dispute". The Dutch quickly overran and occupied the whole island for several days before withdrawing. Prior to leaving, the Dutch took supplies, ammunition and guns, then burned everything that was combustible. Three miles (5 km) across

3240-537: Was built by the London, Chatham and Dover Railway at Queenborough Pier in 1876 and operated a nightly service to Flushing ( Vlissingen ) in the Netherlands , as well as a German mail service. These services ceased during the First World War; the terminal was used for military traffic. The small port was closed and dismantled in the 1930s. A passenger, car and lorry service was operated by Olau Line from 1974 to 1994. The dockyard and port at Sheerness today are

3300-575: Was captured, and was held for over a year in the Tower of London . On his release, he was appointed mayor of Bordeaux (1323–1324). A curious legend (first recorded in the 17th century) surrounds Sir Robert. It is said that he killed a priest, and resolved to ask the king for a pardon. Mounted on horseback, he swam out to the Nore (north of Sheppey), where the king's ship was anchored, and gained forgiveness. On his return, he met an old woman who predicted that

3360-522: Was created, covering the entire island. In 1974, this local government unit was abolished and Sheppey then came within the newly created Swale district. In parliamentary terms, Sheppey has been in the constituency of Sittingbourne and Sheppey since 1997, a Conservative-Labour marginal seat; prior to this it was in the Faversham constituency , also a marginal but held by the Conservatives for

3420-479: Was greatly popularised in a version published in 1837 by Richard Barham ("Thomas Ingoldsby"), as one of his Ingoldsby Legends . Sir Robert died in 1324 leaving as his heir a daughter Margaret, who married William, son of Alexander Cheyne of Patrixbourne . To William passed the manor of Shurland. It remained in possession of the Cheyne family until the sixteenth century when it was sold by Sir Henry Cheyne. During

3480-445: Was recognised by one of the assailants and the group took him in custody to Faversham , where he was detained. Bluetown hosts the history and Heritage Centre for the Isle of Sheppey. The Heritage Centre contains memorabilia and artefacts pertinent to the Sheppey's history, including displays on aviation, maritime, wartime activities, and island history and offers guided walks of Sheppey Isle and Bluetown. The present Heritage Centre

3540-690: Was sold. Sheppey is one of few parts of what is now the United Kingdom to have been (temporarily) lost to a foreign power since William the Conqueror 's invasion in 1066 . This was in June 1667, when a Dutch fleet sailing up the Thames Estuary for the Medway captured the fort at Sheerness. The fort at the time was incomplete and the garrison underfed and unpaid, so resistance to the heavily armed Dutch Navy (which, according to Samuel Pepys 's diary,

3600-620: Was the focus of an attack by the Dutch Navy in June 1667, when 72 hostile ships compelled the little "sandspit fort" there to surrender and landed a force which for a short while occupied the town. Samuel Pepys at Gravesend remarked in his diary "we do plainly at this time hear the guns play" and in fear departed to Brampton in Huntingdonshire. The dockyard served the Royal Navy until 1960 and has since developed into one of

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