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61-654: This was the second of three Holmes films in which Basil Rathbone , Nigel Bruce and Hillary Brooke appeared together. The first was Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror in 1942 and the third was The Woman in Green in 1945. Dr. Watson is working as resident physician at Musgrave Manor in Northumberland , a stately home which is also used as a hospital for a number of servicemen suffering from shell shock . When Sally Musgrave displays her feelings for one of

122-470: A TV sketch with Milton Berle in the early 1950s, in which he donned the deerstalker cap and Inverness cape . In the 1960s, dressed as Holmes, he appeared in a series of TV commercials for Getz Exterminators ("Getz gets 'em, since 1888!'"). Rathbone also brought Holmes to the stage in a play written by his wife Ouida. Thomas Gomez , who had appeared as a Nazi ringleader in Sherlock Holmes and

183-416: A brief Hollywood career under the name John Rodion. The couple divorced in 1926. In the same year, he married writer Ouida Bergère ; their infant child died in 1928. In 1939, the couple adopted a daughter, Cynthia Rathbone (1939–1969). The American actor Jackson Rathbone is a distant relation. Rathbone bore a strong resemblance to his cousin, the actor Frank Benson . He was a first cousin once-removed of

244-456: A case containing an old document. Holmes examines the body for clues and sets a trap for the murderer. After the others have retired for the night, Holmes sneaks back into the crypt and waits for the murderer to reappear. Before long, Sexton appears, and Holmes confronts him with the evidence that he has found and observed throughout the investigation. Sexton, however, manages to overpower Holmes and takes his revolver. Sexton confesses that he indeed

305-416: A deadly scheme to gain it for himself. The devious doctor had killed both brothers, making Sally heir to the money, and then sought to claim her as his bride by framing her sweetheart, Vickery, for the slayings. Learning of this, Sally destroys the document that would have made her rich, not wanting to profit at the cost of others' lives. Driving away with Watson, Holmes muses on Sally's selfless act, "There's

366-571: A descendant of William Rathbone II . The Rathbones fled to Britain when Basil was three years old after his father was accused by the Boers of being a spy following the Jameson Raid . Rathbone attended Repton School in Derbyshire from 1906 to 1910, where he excelled at sports and was given the nickname "Ratters" by schoolmates. Thereafter, he was briefly employed as an insurance clerk by

427-470: A few other silents. His sound debut was in the first screen adaptation of Frederick Lonsdale 's play The Last of Mrs. Cheyney (1929) opposite Norma Shearer , which was his last appearance as a romantic leading man. He portrayed detective Philo Vance in the 1930 film The Bishop Murder Case , based on the best-selling novel. In the film, there is a coincidental reference to Sherlock Holmes. Like George Sanders and Vincent Price after him, Rathbone made

488-516: A film version of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 's The Hound of the Baskervilles . When asked who could possibly play Holmes, Markey incredulously replied, "Who?! Basil Rathbone!" The film was so successful that Fox produced a sequel that appeared later in 1939. Interest in Holmes cooled at Fox, but Universal Pictures picked up the character, and produced 12 Holmes features from 1942 to 1946. All of

549-733: A first variation of the classic swashbuckler there have also been female swashbucklers. Maureen O'Hara in Against All Flags and Jean Peters in Anne of the Indies were very early action film heroines. Eventually the typical swashbuckler motifs were used up because they had so often been shown on TV screens. Later films such as The Princess Bride , the Pirates of the Caribbean series and The Mask of Zorro include modern takes on

610-625: A heart attack in New York City on 21 July 1967 at the age of 75. His body was interred in a crypt in the Shrine of Memories Mausoleum at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. Swashbuckler A swashbuckler is a genre of European adventure literature that focuses on a heroic protagonist stock character who is skilled in swordsmanship , acrobatics, and guile , and possesses chivalrous ideals. A "swashbuckler" protagonist

671-539: A modernisation of the Biblical trials of Job . Through the 1950s and 1960s, he continued to appear in several dignified anthology programmes on television. To support his second wife's lavish tastes, he appeared as a panelist on the television game show The Name's the Same (in 1954), and took roles in cheap film thrillers of far lesser quality, such as The Black Sleep (1956), Queen of Blood (1966), The Ghost in

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732-952: A name for himself in the 1930s by playing suave villains in costume dramas and swashbucklers, including David Copperfield (1935) as the abusive stepfather Mr. Murdstone; Anna Karenina (1935) as her distant husband, Karenin; The Last Days of Pompeii (1935) as Pontius Pilate ; Captain Blood (1935); A Tale of Two Cities (1935), as the Marquis St. Evremonde; The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938) playing his best-remembered villain, Sir Guy of Gisbourne ; The Adventures of Marco Polo (1938); and The Mark of Zorro (1940) as Captain Esteban Pasquale. He also appeared in several early horror films: Tower of London (1939), as Richard III , and Son of Frankenstein (1939), portraying

793-667: A new spirit abroad in the land. The old days of grab and greed are on their way out. We're beginning to think of what we owe the other fellow, not just what we're compelled to give him. The time's coming, Watson, when we shan't be able to fill our bellies in comfort while other folk go hungry, or sleep in warm beds while others shiver in the cold; when we shan't be able to kneel and thank God for blessings before our shining altars while men anywhere are kneeling in either physical or spiritual subjection.... And God willing, we'll live to see that day, Watson." Basil Rathbone Philip St. John Basil Rathbone MC (13 June 1892 – 21 July 1967)

854-593: A poem written by writer-critic Vincent Starrett , one of the preeminent members of the Baker Street Irregulars whom Rathbone held in high regard. Price and Rathbone appeared together, along with Boris Karloff , in Tower of London (1939) and The Comedy of Terrors (1963). The latter was the only film to feature the "Big Four" of American International Pictures ' horror films: Price, Rathbone, Karloff and Peter Lorre . Rathbone appeared with Price in

915-660: A private with the London Scottish Regiment , joining a regiment that also included his future professional acting contemporaries Claude Rains , Herbert Marshall and Ronald Colman at different points through the conflict. After basic training with the London Scots in early 1916, he received a commission as a lieutenant in the 2/10th Battalion of the King's Liverpool Regiment ( Liverpool Scottish ), where he served as an intelligence officer, eventually attaining

976-465: A rendition of Nigel Bruce as Dr. Watson. Rathbone also made many other recordings, including Oliver Twist , Prokofiev 's Peter and the Wolf (with Leopold Stokowski conducting), and Charles Dickens 's A Christmas Carol . On television, he appeared in two musical versions of Dickens's A Christmas Carol : one in 1954, in which he played Marley's Ghost opposite Fredric March 's Scrooge, and

1037-795: A star on Broadway. He toured in the United States in 1925, appearing in San Francisco in May and the Lyceum Theatre , New York, in October. He was in the US again in 1927 and 1930 and again in 1931, when he appeared on stage with Ethel Barrymore . He continued his stage career in Britain, returning late in 1934 to the US, where he appeared with Katharine Cornell in several plays. Rathbone

1098-497: A tremendous thunderstorm in New York City, Bob Hope observed that "Basil Rathbone must be throwing a party". Actress Mrs Patrick Campbell described Rathbone as "two profiles pasted together". As cited in the same autobiography, Mrs Campbell later referred to him as "a folded umbrella taking elocution lessons". He was a devout Episcopalian and a member of the Episcopal Actors Guild. Rathbone died suddenly of

1159-861: A wreath of freshly plucked foliage on his head with burnt cork applied to his hands and face. As a result of these highly dangerous daylight reconnaissance missions in September 1918, he was awarded the Military Cross for "conspicuous daring and resource on patrol". During the Summer Festival of 1919, he appeared at Stratford-upon-Avon with the New Shakespeare Company playing Romeo, Cassius, Ferdinand in The Tempest and Florizel in The Winter's Tale ; in October he

1220-562: Is a compound of "swash" (archaic: to swagger with a drawn sword) and " buckler " (a small shield gripped in the fist) dating from the 16th century . While man-at-arms and sellswords of the era usually wore armor of necessity, their counterparts in later romantic literature and film (see below) often did not, and the term evolved to denote a daring, devil-may-care demeanor rather than brandishment of accoutrements of war. Swashbuckling adventures and romances are generally set in Europe from

1281-468: Is heroic, daring, and idealistic: he rescues damsels in distress , protects the downtrodden, and uses duels to defend his honor or that of a lady or to avenge a comrade. Swashbucklers often engage in daring and romantic adventures with bravado or flamboyance. Swashbuckler heroes are typically gentleman adventurers who dress elegantly and flamboyantly in coats, waistcoats, tight breeches, large feathered hats, and high leather boots, and they are armed with

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1342-459: Is the one responsible for the murders. He shoots at Holmes with what turn out to be blank cartridges. When Sexton emerges from the crypt, Lestrade and Watson are there waiting to arrest him. Explaining the meaning of the document found in the crypt to Sally, Holmes suggests that Sexton had discovered an old land grant that entitled the Musgraves to a fortune of millions of pounds, and had hatched

1403-845: The Indiana Jones movies) set in the modern era have been described as swashbuckling. The genre has, apart from swordplay, always been characterized by influences that can be traced back to the chivalry tales of Medieval Europe, such as the legends of Robin Hood and King Arthur . It soon created its own drafts based on classic examples like The Mark of Zorro (1920) , The Three Musketeers (1921) , Scaramouche (1923) and The Scarlet Pimpernel (1934) . Some films did also use motifs of pirate stories. Often these films were adaptations of classic historic novels published by well-known authors such as Alexandre Dumas , Rafael Sabatini , Baroness Emma Orczy , Sir Walter Scott , Johnston McCulley , and Edmond Rostand . Swashbucklers are one of

1464-884: The Humphrey Bogart comedy We're No Angels (1955) and John Ford 's political drama The Last Hurrah (1958). Rathbone also appeared on Broadway numerous times in this period. In 1948, he shared the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for his performance as the unyielding Dr. Austin Sloper in the original production of The Heiress with Henry Fonda in Mister Roberts and Paul Kelly in Command Decision . He also received accolades for his performance in Archibald Macleish 's J.B. ,

1525-939: The Savoy Theatre on 9 July 1914, as Finch in The Sin of David . That December, he appeared at the Shaftesbury Theatre as the Dauphin in Henry V . During 1915, he toured with Benson and appeared with him at London's Court Theatre in December as Lysander in A Midsummer Night's Dream . During the First World War (in 1915), Rathbone was called up via the Derby Scheme into the British Army as

1586-671: The Western Front were published. One reveals the anguish and anger he felt following the death of John: I want to tell him to mind his place. I think of his ridiculous belief that everything would always be well, his ever-hopeful smile, and I want to cuff him for a little fool. He had no business to let it happen and it maddens me that I shall never be able to tell him so, or change it or bring him back. I can't think of him without being consumed with anger at him for being dead and beyond anything I can do to him. Following his brother's death, Rathbone appears to have become unconcerned about

1647-546: The film genre , which extended the genre to the Golden Age of Piracy . As swashbuckler stories are often mixed with the romance genre, there will often be a beautiful, aristocratic female love interest to whom the hero expresses a refined, courtly love . At the same time, since swashbuckler plots are often based on intrigues involving corrupt religious figures or scheming monarchs, the heroes may be tempted by alluring femmes fatales or vampish courtesans. "Swashbuckler"

1708-534: The British campaigning independent MP Eleanor Rathbone . During Rathbone's Hollywood career, Ouida Rathbone, who was also her husband's business manager, developed a reputation for hosting elaborate and expensive parties in their home, with many prominent and influential people on the guest lists. This trend inspired a joke in The Ghost Breakers (1940), a film in which Rathbone does not appear: during

1769-466: The Fox and Universal features co-starred Nigel Bruce as Dr. Watson . The first two films, The Hound of the Baskervilles and The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (both produced by Fox in 1939), were set in the late Victorian times of the original stories. The later instalments, produced by Universal, beginning with Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror (1942), were set in contemporary times, with

1830-545: The Invisible Bikini (1966, wherein the character 'Eric Von Zipper' played by Harvey Lembeck jokes, "That guy looks like Sherlock Holmes"), Hillbillys in a Haunted House (1967, also featuring Lon Chaney Jr and John Carradine ), and his last film, a low-budget, horror film called Autopsy of a Ghost (1968). He is also known for his spoken word recordings, including his interpretation of Clement C. Moore 's " The Night Before Christmas ". Rathbone's readings of

1891-1145: The Liverpool and Globe Insurance Companies, to appease his father's wish for him to have a conventional career. On 22 April 1911, Rathbone made his first appearance on stage at the Theatre Royal, Ipswich , Suffolk , as Hortensio in The Taming of the Shrew , with his cousin Sir Frank Benson 's No. 2 Company, under the direction of Henry Herbert . In October 1912, he went to the United States with Benson's company, playing roles such as Paris in Romeo and Juliet , Fenton in The Merry Wives of Windsor , and Silvius in As You Like It . Returning to Britain, he made his first appearance in London at

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1952-513: The Renaissance and Enlightenment periods led to fencing being performed on theatre stages as part of plays. Soon actors were taught to fence in an entertaining, dramatic manner. Eventually fencing became an established part of a classical formation for actors. Consequently, when movie theaters mushroomed, ambitious actors took the chance to present their accordant skills on the screen. Since silent movies were no proper medium for long dialogues,

2013-637: The Voice of Terror , played the villainous Professor Moriarty . Nigel Bruce was slated to portray Dr Watson once more but became too ill and the part was played by character actor Jack Raine . Bruce's absence depressed Rathbone, particularly after Bruce died on 8 October 1953, while the play was in rehearsals. The play ran for only three performances. In the 1950s, Rathbone appeared in two spoofs of his earlier swashbuckling villains: Casanova's Big Night (1954) opposite Bob Hope and The Court Jester (1956) with Danny Kaye . He appeared frequently on TV game shows and continued to appear in major films, including

2074-646: The Wind . Rathbone actively campaigned for the role. Despite his film success, Rathbone always insisted that he wished to be remembered for his stage career. He said that his favourite role was Romeo. Rathbone is most widely recognised for his many portrayals of Sherlock Holmes . In a radio interview, Rathbone recalled that Twentieth Century-Fox producer and director Gene Markey , lunching with producer-director-actor Gregory Ratoff and 20th Century-Fox mogul Daryl Zanuck at Lucey's Restaurant in Hollywood, proposed

2135-641: The back cover's legend "Produced by Lyle Kenyon Engel" indicates the anthology probably was not edited by Rathbone. Canadian editor and book packager Engel packaged shows and magazines for other horror stars, including Boris Karloff . Basil Rathbone has three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame : one for films at 6549 Hollywood Boulevard; one for radio at 6300 Hollywood Boulevard; and one for television at 6915 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood. Rathbone married actress Ethel Marion Foreman (1887–1976) in 1914. They had one son, Rodion Rathbone (1915–1996), who had

2196-412: The brink of a nervous breakdown by the strain and guilt of sending his battle-weary pilots off to near-certain death in the skies of 1915 France. Errol Flynn, Rathbone's perennial foe, starred in the film as his successor when Rathbone's character is promoted. According to Hollywood legend, Rathbone was Margaret Mitchell 's first choice to play Rhett Butler in the film version of her novel Gone with

2257-464: The case of the attack. Upon his arrival at the estate, Holmes discovers the dead body of one of the brothers, Geoffrey. Inspector Lestrade of Scotland Yard is put on the case to solve the murder and immediately arrests the American captain as a suspect. Holmes is of another opinion about the flyer's guilt and continues to investigate on his own. Phillip is formally made the new head of the estate

2318-530: The classic stories about heroes who would defend their honour with sword in hand were simplified and sheer action would gain priority. This was the birth of a new kind of film hero: the swashbuckler. For Hollywood actors to depict these skilled sword fighters, they needed advanced sword training. Four of the most famous instructors for swashbuckling swordplay are William Hobbs , Anthony De Longis , Bob Anderson and Peter Diamond . The larger-than-life heroics portrayed in some film franchise adventures (most notably

2379-459: The dangers of serving at the front. Author Richard Van Emden in Famous 1914–18 speculates that his extreme bravery may have been a form of guilt or need for vengeance. He persuaded his superiors to allow him to scout enemy positions during daylight rather than at night, as was the usual practice to minimise the chance of detection. Rathbone wore a special camouflage suit that resembled a tree with

2440-733: The dedicated surgeon Baron Wolf von Frankenstein , son of the monster 's creator, and, in 1949, was also the narrator for the segment "The Wind in the Willows" in the Disney animated feature, The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad . He was admired for his athletic swordsmanship. (He listed fencing among his favourite recreations.) His character lost to Errol Flynn twice: in a duel on the beach in Captain Blood and in an elaborate fight sequence in The Adventures of Robin Hood . He

2501-475: The family uses to appoint the new head of the family. They find the words used in the ritual hidden in Sally's room and try to copy the ritual, which involves replaying a giant chess game on the checkered floor of the house's main hall. As pieces in the game they use the household staff. The game gives them clues to the family's secret burial crypt underneath the house, and there they find Brunton murdered, clutching

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2562-475: The final segment of Roger Corman 's 1962 anthology film Tales of Terror , a loose dramatisation of Poe's " The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar ". In 1965, Belmont Books issued the anthology Basil Rathbone Selects Strange Tales , a collection of horror stories by Poe, Hawthorne, Bulwer-Lytton, Charles Dickens, Allston Collins, Le Fanu, and Wilkie Collins. The volume features a cover portrait of Rathbone; however,

2623-410: The first three having World War II-related plots. Concurrent with the films, Rathbone and Bruce reprised their film roles in the radio series The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes , which began in October 1939. Rathbone appeared in the radio series as long as the film series was active, but, after the films lapsed in 1946, Rathbone ceded his radio part to Tom Conway . Conway and Bruce carried on with

2684-612: The late Renaissance up through the Age of Reason and the Napoleonic Wars , extending into the colonial era with pirate tales in the Caribbean . Jeffrey Richards traces the swashbuckling novel to the rise of Romanticism , and an outgrowth of the historical novel, particularly those of Sir Walter Scott , "... medieval tales of chivalry, love and adventure rediscovered in the eighteenth century". This type of historical novel

2745-466: The most flamboyant Hollywood film genres, unlike cinema verite or modern realistic filmmaking. The genre attracted large audiences who relished the blend of escapist adventure, historic romance, and daring stunts in cinemas before it became a fixture on TV screens. With the focus on action, adventure, and, to a lesser degree, romance, there is little concern for historical accuracy. Filmmakers may mix incidents and events from different historical eras. As

2806-420: The next day with the aid of his sister. But after only one day of running the estate, Phillip, too, is found murdered, lying in the trunk of the car. Lestrade suspects the family butler, Alfred Brunton, to be the murderer because Phillip had just fired him. Trying to arrest the butler, Lestrade becomes lost in the manor's secret passageways. Meanwhile, Holmes and Watson look into the special "Musgrave Ritual" that

2867-436: The original 1956 live action version of The Stingiest Man In Town , in which he starred as a singing Ebenezer Scrooge. In the 1960s, he toured with a one-man show, In and Out of Character (the same title as his autobiography). He recited poetry and Shakespeare, accented by reminiscences from his life and career (including the humorous, "I could have killed Errol Flynn any time I wanted to!"). As an encore, he recited "221B",

2928-475: The protagonist and the villain. There is a long list of swashbucklers who combine courage, skill, resourcefulness, and a distinctive sense of honor and justice, as for example Cyrano de Bergerac , The Three Musketeers , The Scarlet Pimpernel , Robin Hood , and Zorro . As a historical fiction genre, it is often set in the Renaissance or Cavalier era. The stock character also became common in

2989-508: The rank of captain . Rathbone was a two-time British Army Fencing Champion; a skill that served him well in the movies, it allowed him to teach swordsmanship to actors Errol Flynn and Tyrone Power . Rathbone was deeply affected by the news his younger brother John, a captain in the Dorsetshire Regiment , had been killed in action near Arras on 4 June 1918. In 2012, two letters Rathbone wrote to his family while serving on

3050-525: The series for two seasons, until both dropped out in July 1947. The many Holmes sequels typecast Rathbone, and he was unable to free himself from the shadow of the Great Detective, despite appearing in other film roles. Resenting the typecasting, Rathbone refused to renew his contract at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and returned to Broadway. In later years, Rathbone willingly made the Holmes association, as in

3111-490: The stories and poems of Edgar Allan Poe are collected together with readings by Vincent Price in Caedmon Audio 's The Edgar Allan Poe Audio Collection on CD. In four Caedmon albums, Rathbone revisited his characterization of Sherlock Holmes. The first, "The Speckled Band" (Caedmon Records TC 1172, recorded in 1963), is a straight narration of the tale. In the rest, he changes his voice for each character, including

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3172-567: The swashbuckler archetype. Television followed the films, especially in the UK, with The Adventures of Robin Hood , Sword of Freedom , The Buccaneers , and Willam Tell between 1955 and 1960. US TV produced two series of Zorro in 1957 and 1990 . Following the 1998 film The Mask of Zorro , a TV series about a female swashbuckler, the Queen of Swords , aired in 2000. Famous swashbuckler characters from literature and other media include

3233-413: The thin rapiers that were commonly used by aristocrats Swashbucklers are not usually unrepentant brigands or pirates , although some may rise from such disreputable stations and achieve redemption. His opponent is typically characterized as a dastardly villain . While the hero may face down a number of henchmen to the villain during a story, the climax is a dramatic one-on-one sword battle between

3294-470: The wounded American fighter pilots, Captain Pat Vickery, who is currently recovering at the family estate, her brothers Geoffrey and Phillip are quick to show their dismay. One of the physicians working at the estate, Dr. Sexton, is assaulted by an unknown assailant when out on a walk. Watson, who is in charge of the medical facility, goes to fetch his dear friend Sherlock Holmes to bring some clarity to

3355-601: Was also involved in noteworthy sword fights in Tower of London , The Mark of Zorro , and The Court Jester . Rathbone earned Academy Award nominations for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his performances as Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet (1936) and as King Louis XI in If I Were King (1938). In The Dawn Patrol (1938), he played one of his few heroic roles in the 1930s, as a Royal Flying Corps (RFC) squadron commander brought to

3416-500: Was an Anglo-South African actor. He rose to prominence in the United Kingdom as a Shakespearean stage actor and went on to appear in more than 70 films, primarily costume dramas, swashbucklers , and, occasionally, horror films. Rathbone frequently portrayed suave villains or morally ambiguous characters, such as Mr. Murdstone in David Copperfield (1935), Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet (1936) and Sir Guy of Gisbourne in The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). His most famous role

3477-454: Was at London's Queen's Theatre as the aide de camp in Napoleon , and in February 1920 he was at the Savoy Theatre in the title role in Peter Ibbetson with huge success. During the 1920s, Rathbone appeared regularly in Shakespearean and other roles on the British stage. He began to travel and appeared at the Cort Theatre , New York , in October 1923 in a production of Molnár 's play The Swan opposite Eva Le Gallienne , which made him

3538-459: Was born on 13 June 1892 in Johannesburg , South African Republic , to British parents. His mother, Anna Barbara ( née George), was a violinist, and his father, Edgar Philip Rathbone, was a mining engineer and scion of the Liverpool Rathbone family . He had two older half-brothers, Harold and Horace, as well as two younger siblings, Beatrice and John. Basil was the great-grandson of the noted Victorian philanthropist, William Rathbone V , and thus

3599-478: Was further developed by Alexandre Dumas . John Galsworthy said of Robert Louis Stevenson 's 1888 swashbuckling romance, The Black Arrow , that it was "a livelier picture of medieval times than I remember elsewhere in fiction." Anthony Hope 's 1894 The Prisoner of Zenda initiated an additional subset of the swashbuckling novel, the Ruritanian romance . The perceived significant and widespread role of swordsmanship in civilian society as well as warfare in

3660-474: Was once arrested in 1926 along with every other member of the cast of The Captive , a play in which his character's wife left him for another woman. Though the charges were eventually dropped, Rathbone was very angry about the censorship because he believed that homosexuality needed to be brought into the open. He commenced his film career in Hollywood in 1921 in silent movies and appeared in 1923's The School for Scandal , and in The Masked Bride , plus

3721-413: Was that of Sherlock Holmes in fourteen Hollywood films made between 1939 and 1946 and in a radio series. Rathbone's later career included roles on Broadway , as well as self-ironic film and television work. In 1948, he shared the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play with two others. He was also nominated for two Academy Awards and honoured with three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . Rathbone

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