Misplaced Pages

#223776

61-503: The Shingen-kō Festival ( 信玄公祭り , Shingen-ko Matsuri ) is a Japanese festival ( matsuri ) which is held annually to celebrate the legacy of daimyō Takeda Shingen in Kōfu , the capital city of Yamanashi Prefecture . It is the "largest gathering of samurai " in the world. Takeda Shingen ( 武田 信玄 , 1 December 1521 – May 13, 1573) , of Kai Province , was a pre-eminent daimyō in feudal Japan with exceptional military prestige in

122-463: A "spirit altar" ( shōryōdana ) is set up in front of the Butsudan (buddhist altar) to welcome the ancestors' souls. A priest may be asked to come and read a sutra ( tanagyō ). Among the traditional preparations for the ancestors' return are the cleaning of grave sites. The welcoming fire ( mukaebi ) built on the 13th and the send-off fire ( okuribi ) built on the 15th and 16th are intended to guide

183-628: A 2022 survey, they ranked first and second, respectively, in recognition in Japan, with the Gion Matsuri in third place. There are also many Japanese festivals in which the kami are prayed to for a good harvest of rice and other crops. In agricultural festivals, different ceremonies are held in each of the four seasons, and festivals are classified into different types, such as otaue-matsuri ( 御田植祭 ) and aki-matsuri ( 秋祭り ) , according to their significance. In general, festivals held in

244-589: A Japanese celebrity. The 24 generals have extra detailed armor. Seeing so many people in traditional costumes and more than 1000 samurai gives an impression of what the Sengoku Period was like (1467 – 1600 CE). What's special is that anyone can join after a short application. Exchange students of the University of Yamanashi are usually the guard samurai group of the princess. The princess can also be represented by exchange students from Asian countries. So

305-412: A female shaman will perform the dance and obtain the oracle from the god—in the setting, the dancer herself turns into the god during the performance. Once strictly a ceremonial art derived from kamigakari ( 神懸 , "oracular divinification") , kagura has evolved in many directions over the span of more than a millennium. Today, it is very much a living tradition, with rituals tied to the rhythms of

366-530: A folktale origin for the dances. In these texts, there is a famous legendary tale about the sun goddess Amaterasu , who retreated into a cave, bringing darkness and cold to the world. Ame-no-Uzume , goddess of the dawn and of revelry, led the other gods in a wild dance, and persuaded Amaterasu to emerge to see what the ruckus was all about. Kagura is one of a number of rituals and arts said to derive from this event. Originally called kamukura/kamikura ( 神座 ) , kagura began as sacred dances performed at

427-425: A male choir for several days, but reduced today to 12 chants performed in six hours. Instruments used include the yokobue ( 笛 ) and/or the hichiriki , with the possible addition of a yamatogoto and shakubyoshi claves . There are several mikagura dances, including: The formal Imperial ritual dances are performed in a number of sacred places and on a number of special occasions. At

488-662: A newborn baby. The tradition of bathing the Buddha originated in China and was introduced to Japan where it was first held in Nara in 606. Lion dancing is also a major tradition practiced during Buddha's Birthday and has become associated with the festival in Japan. Date: July 7 / August 5–8 (Sendai) Other Names: The Star Festival Information: It originated from a Chinese folk legend concerning two stars-the Weaver Star (Vega) and

549-483: A park may be decorated with lanterns. Some locations of cherry blossom festivals include: Following the Japanese diaspora , many places around the world celebrate similar festivals, often called matsuri . Brazil hosts the largest nikkei population in the world and some Brazilian cities host matsuri such as São Paulo and Curitiba . The United States host the 2nd largest nikkei population in

610-451: A snow maze, exploring a Japanese igloo, and eat foods from Aomori and Akita prefectures. There is a fireworks show and events held on an ice stage. This festival is held annually and features colorful lantern floats called nebuta which are pulled through the streets of Central Aomori. This festival is held from about August 2–7 every year. This event attracts millions of visitors. During this festival, 20 large nebuta floats are paraded through

671-490: Is a preparation process for trance and odori is the unconscious trance stage. During mai , the female shaman, surrounded by a group of priests, holds a gohei (a ceremonial wand used to cleanse or purify) as well as sound-producing instruments and engages with circling movement to summon deities. Once the female shaman enters a possessed state, she switches into the spontaneous leaping movements of odori . The epics Kojiki and Nihon Shoki describe

SECTION 10

#1732772709224

732-454: Is also one of the primary influences on the Noh theatre. Mikagura ( 御神楽 ) is a ritual dance performed at the imperial court and at important Shinto shrines : Kamo-jinja and Iwashimizu Hachiman-gū . It consists of welcoming, entertaining and greeting the deities with humorous or poetic syllabic songs. Today it is sometimes considered as a sub-genre of gagaku , of which it is one of

793-531: Is an honorific prefix) Information: New Year observances are the most elaborate of Japan's annual events. Before the New Year, homes are cleaned, debts are paid off, and osechi (food in lacquered trays for the New Year) is prepared or bought. Osechi foods are traditional foods which are chosen for their lucky colors, shapes, or lucky-sounding names in hopes of obtaining good luck in various areas of life during

854-807: Is called sansha-mairi . In the Imperial Palace at dawn on the 1st, the Emperor performs the rite of shihōhai (worship of the four-quarters), in which he offers prayers for the well-being of the nation. On January 2 the public is allowed to enter the inner palace grounds; the only other day this is possible is the Emperor's birthday (February 23). On the 2nd and 3rd days acquaintances visit one another to extend greetings ( nenshi ) and sip otoso (a spiced rice wine ). Some games played at New Year's are karuta (a card game), hanetsuki (similar to badminton), tako age ( kiteflying ), and komamawashi ( spinning tops ). These games are played to bring more luck for

915-715: Is estimated that there are between 100,000 and 300,000 festivals across Japan, generating an annual economic impact of 530 billion yen as of 2019. As of 2024, 33 of these festivals have been registered as UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists as "Yama, Hoko, Yatai, float festivals in Japan". Various folk dances, costume processions, kagura , dengaku , bugaku , and noh performed at festivals are also registered as UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists. For example, 41 folk dances including bon odori from various regions of Japan are registered as " Furyu-odori " and 10 costume processions including namahage are registered as " Raihō-shin ". Japanese festivals reflect

976-482: Is in preparation for the new year holidays. Decorations and sundry goods are sold at the fair. Originally these year-end fairs provided opportunities for farmers, fisherfolk and mountain dwellers to exchange goods and buy clothes and other necessities for the coming year. Date: December 31 ( New Year's Eve ) Information: People do the general house cleaning ( Ōsōji ) to welcome coming year and not to keep having impure influences. Many people visit Buddhist temples to hear

1037-464: Is now very large and commercialized. About a dozen large sculptures are built for the festival along with around 100 smaller snow and ice sculptures . Several concerts and other events are also held. This lake festival is held in the beginning of February. Held in the town of Yasumiya, this festival is on the south side of Lake Towada (near the wooden statues). This festival is open all day, but at 5 pm one can enjoy activities such as going through

1098-432: Is usually organized at the level of neighborhoods, or machi. Prior to these, the local kami may be ritually installed in mikoshi and paraded through the streets. One can always find in the vicinity of a matsuri booths selling souvenirs and food such as takoyaki , and games, such as Goldfish scooping . Karaoke contests, sumo matches, and other forms of entertainment are often organized in conjunction with matsuri. If

1159-455: Is welcome to purchase their own haneto costume that they may too join in on the fun (Mishima, Aomori Nebuta Festival). This event is held every year. Thousands of artists from all over Tohoku and even further regions come to Nango to perform. This is the largest open-air jazz concert held in Tohoku region. This festival began in 1989, in a small venue indoors. There was such a large response from

1220-770: The Imperial Sanctuary , where a replica of the Yata no kagami is kept, they are performed as part of gagaku court music. Mikagura are also performed at the Imperial harvest festival and at major shrines such as Ise , Kamo , and Iwashimizu Hachiman-gū . Since around the year 1000, these events have taken place every year. According to the Board of Ceremonies of the Imperial Household Agency , mikagura still take place every December in

1281-489: The Takeda family . They are a popular topic for ukiyo-e and bunraku . This is a three-day festival that starts on the first or second weekend of April. Takeda's death anniversary is on April 12. There's a reenactment of Takeda Shingen 's Koshu Battalion Deployment. People dress in traditional and samurai costumes of the Sengoku Period . An actor plays Takeda Shingen and he is surrounded by his Twenty-Four Generals . After

SECTION 20

#1732772709224

1342-403: The kami are prayed to for a good harvest of rice and other crops. These festivals are divided into various types according to their significance and ritual practices, the most representative of which are as follows. Typical spring festival practices are minakuchi-sai ( 水口祭 ) and otaue-matsuri ( 御田植祭 ) . In minakuchi-sai , on the day of planting, soil is piled at the water intake of

1403-500: The kami of the rice fields and send the kami back to the mountains. The typical winter festival practices are sagichō or dondoyaki ( 左義長 or どんど焼き ) and taasobi ( 田遊び ) . In sagicho or dondoyaki , kadomatsu ( 門松 ) and other New Year's decorations are burned and mochi are roasted and eaten over the flames, and in tasaburi , farm work is simulated in the Shinto shrine hall ( 拝殿 , haiden ) to pray for

1464-665: The Cherry. In some places flower viewing parties are held on traditionally fixed dates. This is one of the most popular events during spring. The subject of flower viewing has long held an important place in literature, dance, and fine arts. Ikebana (flower arrangement) is also a popular part of Japanese culture and is still practiced by many people today. Some main things people do during this event are games, folk songs, folk dance, flower displays, rides, parades, concerts, kimono shows, booths with food and other things, beauty pageant, and religious ceremonies. Families go out during weekends to see

1525-636: The Cowherd Star (Altair)-who were said to be lovers who could meet only once a year on the 7th night of the 7th month provided it did not rain and flood the Milky Way. It was named Tanabata after a weaving maiden from a Japanese legend, named Orihime who was believed to make clothes for the gods. People often write wishes and romantic aspirations on long, narrow strips of colored paper and hang them on bamboo branches along with other small ornaments. Date: July 19 Information: One traditional custom to mark

1586-474: The Imperial Sanctuary and at the Imperial harvest festival ceremonies. Satokagura , or "normal kagura ", is a wide umbrella term containing a great diversity of folk dances derived from the Imperial ritual dances ( mikagura ) , and incorporated with other folk traditions. It is the partial origin of both Noh and kyōgen . A number of traditions of folk kagura exist: Around

1647-437: The Imperial court by shrine maidens ( miko ) who were supposedly descendants of Ame-no-Uzume. During the performance, the shrine maidens usually utilize a channeling device for god such as masks and spears to imitate the trance. With the kagura music that has the power to summon the gods, the miko start to dance to transform themselves into the representation of the gods and receive messages as well as blessings from

1708-656: The Shingen-ko Tea Ceremony, Takeda leads his army through the streets of Kōfu. They march from the plaza in front of Kosu station through the streets of Kōfu to Maizuru Castle Park which contains the ruins of Kōfu Castle. On the third day they reach the Takeda Shrine ( 武田神社 , Takeda Jinja ) . A Shinto ritual is held on the anniversary of Takeda Shingen's death. There are multiple parades going to and from these locations. These parades are very theatrical involving serious reenactments who practice

1769-422: The agricultural calendar, thriving primarily in parts of Shimane Prefecture , and urban centers such as Hiroshima . There are two major types of kagura : mai and odori . Mai consists of slow circular movement, stressing quiet and elegance, while odori consists of quick leaping and jumping, stressing activation and energy. The two types can be understood as two phases of kagura : mai

1830-582: The ancestor's spirits back to their permanent dwelling place. Date: October- Information: The Japanese tradition of going to visit scenic areas where leaves have turned red in the Autumn. The tradition is said to have originated in the Heian era as a cultured pursuit. Date: November 11 Information: The Japanese tradition of buying and eating Pocky sticks. Date: November 15 Information: Three- and seven-year-old girls and five-year-old boys are taken to

1891-513: The cherry blossoms, and participate in the many festivals and activities. Date: April 8 Other Names: Flower Festival Information: Hanamatsuri celebrates the birth of the Buddha . On this day, all temples hold 降誕会 ( Gōtan-e ), 仏生会 ( Busshō-e ), 浴仏会 ( Yokubutsu-e ), 龍華会 ( Ryūge-e ) and 花会式 ( Hana-eshiki ). Japanese people pour ama-cha (a beverage prepared from a variety of hydrangea ) on small Buddha statues decorated with flowers, as if bathing

Shingen-ko Festival - Misplaced Pages Continue

1952-468: The country, were adapted into various other folk traditions and developed into a number of different forms. Among these are miko kagura , shishi kagura , and Ise -style and Izumo -style kagura dances. Many more variations have developed over the centuries, including some which are fairly new, and most of which have become highly secularized folk traditions. Kagura , in particular those forms that involve storytelling or reenactment of fables,

2013-546: The deities. In 1871, Iwami Shinto offices claimed that theatrical kagura performed by priests in the west of Japan demeaned their dignity and therefore banned the performance. Owing to the support of civilian performing groups at that time, the performance pieces were still preserved. Over time, however, these mikagura ( 御神楽 ) performed within the sacred and private precincts of the Imperial courts, inspired popular ritual dances, called satokagura ( 里神楽 ) , which, being popular forms, practiced in villages all around

2074-490: The end of the Bon Festival. Small paper lanterns containing a burning flame are either set afloat to a river, lake or sea or they are let go and float away into the night. Their light is intended to guide the way for deceased family members' spirits. Usually the person who lets the lantern go will write a message on the side. Date: August 13–16 Information: A Buddhist observance honoring the spirits of ancestors. Usually

2135-408: The fans that it was expanded into a large annual festival. One must purchase tickets for this event (Bernard, 2007). This summer jazz festival does not cost anything but potential members of the public still need to receive a ticket to enter the event. Japan celebrates the entire season of the cherry blossoms. There are festivals in nearly every region of Japan, and some locations, food is available or

2196-772: The festival is next to a lake, renting a boat is also an attraction. Favorite elements of the most popular matsuri, such as the Nada no Kenka Matsuri of Himeji or the Neputa Matsuri of Hirosaki , are often broadcast on television for the entire nation to enjoy. Sapporo Snow Festival is one of the largest festivals of the year in Sapporo , held in February for one week. It began in 1950 when high school students built snow statues in Odori Park, central Sapporo. The event

2257-464: The festival is not fully historically accurate. Each festival has more than 100,000 visitors from all over Japan and international tourists. In 2013 there were 130,000 visitors during the 3 days of the festival. Daimyo Takeda Shingen was played by the actor Ken Matsudaira . Part of the proceeds went to support the area affected by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami . Each day has different kinds of events such as: Japanese festival It

2318-478: The first full moon of the year (around January 15). The main events of Koshōgatsu are rites and practices praying for a bountiful harvest. Date: March 3 Other Names: Sangatsu Sekku (3rd month Festival), Momo Sekku (Peach Festival), Joshi no Sekku (Girls' Festival) Information: This is the day when families pray for the happiness and prosperity of their girls to help ensure that they grow up healthy and beautiful. The celebration takes place both inside

2379-645: The home and at the seashore. Both parts are meant to ward off evil spirits from girls and women. Young girls and women put on their best kimono and visit their friends' homes. Tiered platforms for hina ningyō ( hina dolls; a set of dolls representing the emperor, empress, attendants, and musicians in ancient court dress) are set up in the home, and the family celebrates with a special meal of hishimochi (diamond-shaped rice cakes) and shirozake (rice malt with sake). Date: April Other Names: Hanami (flower viewing), Cherry Blossom Festival Information: Various flower festivals are held at Shinto shrines during

2440-540: The influences. It predated Chinese inspiration, and has indigenous elements as well as influences from other elements such as kangen ( 管弦 ) , bugaku ( 舞楽 ) and saibara ( 催馬楽 ) , which are forms of gagaku , More simply, mikagura can be considered dances accompanied by gagaku music. The kagura-uta is the sacred vocal repertoire of 26 songs ( Niwabi, Achime, Sakaki, Karakami, Hayakarakami, Komomakura, Sazanami, Senzai, Hayauta, Hoshi, Asakura, Sonokoma , etc.) traditionally performed by

2501-562: The late stage of the Sengoku period . Shingen was the feudal lord of present-day Kōfu . Shingen was admired by his followers and rivals. He had a legendary rivalry with Uesugi Kenshin and they fought a series of five battles during the Battles of Kawanakajima . Shingen died of a disease during his pursuit to conquer all of Japan. 24 retainers (generals) served under Shingen. They are noted for their exceptional contributions to Shingen and

Shingen-ko Festival - Misplaced Pages Continue

2562-544: The local shrine to pray for their safe and healthy future. This festival started because of the belief that children of certain ages were especially prone to bad luck and hence in need of divine protection. Children are usually dressed in traditional clothing for the occasion and after visiting the shrine many people buy chitose-ame ("thousand-year candy") sold at the shrine. Date: late December Other Names: Year-end ( 年の瀬 , toshi no se ) , Year-end Fair ( 年の市 , Toshi no Ichi ) Information: Preparations for seeing in

2623-424: The long noodles. Kagura Kagura ( 神楽 ( かぐら ) , "god-entertainment") is a type of Shinto ritual ceremonial dance. The term is a contraction of the phrase kami no kura ("seat of god") , indicating the presence of gods ( kami ) in the practice. One major function of kagura is chinkon (purifying and shaking the spirit) , involving a procession-trance process. Usually

2684-508: The month of April. Excursions and picnics for enjoying flowers, particularly cherry blossoms are also common, as well as many drinking parties often to be seen in and around auspicious parks and buildings. In some areas the peach blossom, the traditional flower of Japan (the Cherry being a symbol from the Edo period symbolizing the Samurai culture), is viewed as well though these flowers earlier than

2745-433: The new year were originally undertaken to greet the toshigami , or deity of the incoming year. These begin on December 13, when the house was given a thorough cleaning; the date is usually nearer the end of the month now. The house is then decorated in the traditional fashion: A sacred rope of straw (shimenawa) with dangling white paper strips (shide) is hung over the front door to prevent evil spirits from entering and to show

2806-425: The new year. Homes are decorated and the holidays are celebrated by family gatherings, visits to temples or shrines, and formal calls on relatives and friends. The first day of the year ( ganjitsu ) is usually spent with members of the family. People try to stay awake and eat toshikoshi soba , noodles to be eaten at midnight. People also visit Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines. Traditionally three are visited. This

2867-498: The next year's kami harvest. Matsuri ( 祭 ) is the Japanese word for a festival or holiday. In Japan, festivals are usually sponsored by a local shrine or temple , though they can be secular. Festivals are often based around one event, with food stalls, entertainment, and carnival games to keep people entertained. Some are based around temples or shrines, others hanabi ( fireworks ), and still others around contests where

2928-502: The participants sport loin cloths (see: Hadaka Matsuri ). There are no specific matsuri days for all of Japan; dates vary from area to area, and even within a specific area, but festival days do tend to cluster around traditional holidays such as Setsubun or Obon . Almost every locale has at least one matsuri in late summer/early autumn, usually related to the paddy harvest . Notable matsuri often feature processions which may include elaborate floats . Preparation for these processions

2989-407: The presence of the toshigami. It is also customary to place kadomatsu, an arrangement of tree sprigs, beside the entrance way. A special altar, known as toshidana ("year shelf"), is piled high with kagamimochi (flat, round rice cakes), sake (rice wine), persimmons, and other foods in honor of the toshigami. A fair is traditionally held in late December at shrines, temples or in local neighborhoods. This

3050-528: The rest of the year for this one weekend in April. The parades reflect the different comings and goings of Takeda Shingen during his life. This is one of the largest historical reenactments in Japan. In 2012 the festival was included in the Guinness World Records as the "largest gathering of samurai" in the world with 1061 participants. The role of daimyo Takeda Shingen is usually played by

3111-463: The rice field , seasonal flowers and twigs are placed, and sake and baked rice are offered to the mountain kami . During otaue-matsuri , young women called saotome ( 早乙女 ) enter the rice field to plant rice seedlings and pray for a good harvest. Typical summer festival practices are mushi okuri ( 虫送り ) and amagoi ( 雨乞い ) . In mushi okuri , torches are lit at night and straw dolls with pests tied to them are floated or thrown into

SECTION 50

#1732772709224

3172-437: The river to pray for the repulsion of pests, while in amagoi , dances are dedicated to kami and fires are lit to pray for rain. The typical fall festival practices are niiname-sai ( 新嘗祭 ) and aki-matsuri ( 秋祭り ) . In niiname-sai , new grains are offered to the kami at the imperial court and at Shinto shrines throughout Japan to thank them for the harvest, and in aki-matsuri , farmers in rural villages thank

3233-520: The spring pray for a good harvest for the year, festivals held in the summer pray for rice and crops to be free from pests and storm damage, festivals held in the fall offer gratitude for the harvest, and festivals held in the winter pray for a good harvest in the new year. Many secular and modern festivals are also held, with the Sapporo Snow Festival attracting 2.73 million visitors in 2019. There are many Japanese festivals in which

3294-439: The streets near Aomori JR rail station. These floats are constructed of wooden bases and metal frames. Japanese papers, called washi, are painted onto the frames. These amazing floats are finished off with the historical figures or kabuki being painted on the paper. These floats can take up to a year to complete. There is a dance portion of this festival. There are haneto dancers and they wear special costumes for this dance. Everyone

3355-478: The temple bells rung 108 times at midnight ( joya no kane ). This is to announce the passing of the old year and the coming of the new. The reason they are rung 108 times is because of the Buddhist belief that human beings are plagued by 108 earthly desires or passions ( bonnō ). With each ring one desire is dispelled. It is also a custom to eat toshikoshi soba in the hope that one's family fortunes will extend like

3416-651: The three major festivals in Kyoto . Gion Matsuri attracts huge crowds to see the procession of huge dashi ( 山車 , matsuri floats) and mikoshi ( 神輿 , portable shrines) , while Aoi Matsuri and Jidai Matsuri attract crowds to see the procession of people dressed in period costumes. The Aomori Nebuta Matsuri and the Tokushima Awa Odori are large, historic festivals in local cities that attract more than 2 million visitors each year, and more than 1 million visitors each year, respectively. According to

3477-408: The three major festivals in Japan, worship the onryō of Gozu Tennō , Sugawara no Michizane , and Taira no Masakado , respectively, and pray for good health and protection from natural disasters. Since these festivals are held in urban areas, each attracts hundreds of thousands to over a million spectators each year. On the other hand, Gion Matsuri, Aoi Matsuri , and Jidai Matsuri are considered

3538-509: The time of the beginning of the Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1868), performances derived from this emerged in Edo as a major form of entertainment. In connection with the celebrations surrounding the beginning of the shogunate, lion dances, acrobatics, juggling, and a great variety of other entertainments were performed on stages across the city, all nominally under the auspices of daikagura . Over

3599-598: The unique religious beliefs of the Japanese people, who worship onryō ( 怨霊 , vengeful spirits ) and violent kami , based on the background of Japan's frequent natural disasters. Based on the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism , Japanese people worship not only the spirits that inhabit all things and the souls of their ancestors, but also terrifying onryō and violent kami that protect people from epidemics and natural disasters. For example, Gion Matsuri , Tenjin Matsuri ( ja ), and Kanda Matsuri , which are considered

3660-498: The world and some American cities host matsuri such as Los Angeles, San Jose and Phoenix. Wales has adopted the term matsuri to name their yearly drift festival. It uses the Japanese name to show the sports Japanese heritage. The event takes place over 2 days at the Anglesey Track, and has been annual for 6 years. Date: January 1–3 (related celebrations take place throughout January) Other Names: Oshōgatsu (O

3721-468: The year. Exchanging New Year's greeting cards (similar to Christmas Cards ) is another important Japanese custom. Also special allowances are given to children, which are called otoshidama . They also decorate their entrances with kagami mochi (two mochi rice balls placed one on top of the other, with a tangerine on top), and kadomatsu (pine tree decorations). A later New Year's celebration, Koshōgatsu , literally means "Small New Year" and starts with

SECTION 60

#1732772709224
#223776