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32-520: The group is situated between Okayama Prefecture and Kagawa Prefecture in the western Bisan Seto and consists of 28 islands of various sizes. On the Okayama side lie the Kasaoka Islands . The name derives from shioyaku ( 塩焼く ) or shiowaku ( 潮湧く ) both meaning boiling seawater to get salt . However, the name may also refer to rough water created by the confluence of tides that mix around

64-750: A railway engineer he joined the Stevenson brothers ( David and Thomas Stevenson ) who were engaged by the British government to build lighthouses . Under pressure from British minister Sir Harry Parkes to fulfil its obligations to make the waters and harbors of Japan safe for shipping, the Tokugawa shogunate hired the Edinburgh -based firm of D. and T. Stevenson to chart coastal waters and to build lighthouses where appropriate. The project had already begun under French foreign advisor Léonce Verny , but

96-824: A variety of manufactured goods, and continued on to Birmingham (notably Chance Brothers the lighthouse engineers), Manchester and Liverpool before rejoining the main group of the Iwakura Mission in Edinburgh in early October. After disagreeing with Japanese officials he left Japan in March 1876, later receiving a prize for his paper "Japan Lights". On his return he first set up in Glasgow for Young's Paraffin Oil , before moving to south London in 1881 making architectural plasterwork, where he remained until his death. He

128-519: A visit to the island and composed a tanka and tanka appendage. According to the novelist Nakagawa Yoichi ( 中河与一 ) from Sakaide, Kakinomoto no Hitomaro had a temple/monument erected on Nakanda beach which in 1936 was moved to its present location on Osogoe beach ( オソゴエの浜 ) at ( 人麻呂岩 ) . On 9 April 2005 the Kagawa Prefectural Higashiyama Kaii Art Museum , housing the collection of Kaii Higashiyama

160-602: Is buried in West Norwood Cemetery , where his marble memorial there was restored by Yokohama Chamber of Commerce in 1991. The names of the 26 lighthouses (Brunton's "children") constructed by Brunton, in order of north to south, and the names of their present locations after mergers of towns etc. Brunton wrote a memoir of his time in Japan, titled Pioneer Engineering in Japan: A Record of Work in helping to Re-Lay

192-767: Is closely associated with the folklore hero, Momotarō . This tale is said to have roots in the legendary story of Kibitsuhiko-no-mikoto and Ura which explains that the Prince Ura of Kudara used to live in Kinojo (castle of the devil) and was a cause of trouble for the people living in the village. The emperor's government sent Kibitsuhiko-no-mikoto (Momotarō) to defeat Ura. The city of Okayama holds an annual Momotarō-matsuri , or Momotarō Festival. The sports teams listed below are based in Okayama. Some tourist attractions are: Richard Henry Brunton Richard Henry Brunton FRGS MICE (26 December 1841 – 24 April 1901)

224-675: Is connected to Yoshima via a mole. In 1872 a lighthouse constructed by Richard Henry Brunton was erected on the island. The lighthouse is now unused and is open to the public generally once a year. However, it is possible to reach the lighthouse and view the exterior. 長島 , part of Marugame, unpopulated. 二面島 , part of Sakaide, unpopulated. 大裸島 , part of Sakaide, unpopulated. 小手島 , part of Marugame. Popular place for catching Japanese amberjack or Sand lance ( Ammodytes personatus ).area: 0.6 km², circumference: 3.8 km. 佐柳島 , part of Tadotsu . area: 1.83 km², circumference: 6.6 km. 瀬居島 , 沙弥島 . Due to land reclamation of

256-480: Is extracted from seawater. area: 0.7 km², circumference: 4.2 km. 羽佐島 , part of Sakaide, unpopulated. 与島 , part of Sakaide and one of the seven "salt boiling islands". The island is crossed by the Great Seto Bridge and a rest area ("Yoshima parking area") has been built along the highway. There are in total two parking lots at the rest area. From there the harbour Yoshima-kō ( 与島港 ) in

288-718: The Meiji government , and decided to continue on to Japan, reasoning that the new government was still bound by the international commitments of its predecessor. Over the next seven and a half years he designed and supervised the building of 26 Japanese lighthouses in the Western style, along with two lightvessels . An obituary published in the journal of the Institution of Civil Engineers states "in ten years he had executed 50 lighthouses". There had been Japanese lighthouses before then, but they were short and squat buildings, such as

320-471: The Seto Inland Sea and includes 90 islands in the sea. Okayama Prefecture is home to the historic town of Kurashiki . Most of the population is concentrated around Kurashiki and Okayama . The small villages in the northern mountain region are aging and declining in population - more than half of the prefecture's municipalities are officially designated as depopulated. As of 1 April 2014, 11% of

352-526: The Foundations of Japanese Empire (1868–1876) . However, it was not published until the 1990s, when it was printed by separate publishers under two different names: Building Japan 1868–1876 and Schoolmaster to an Empire: Richard Henry Brunton in Meiji Japan, 1868–1876 . (See below.) The former, containing the text (with some modified spellings) as edited by William Elliot Griffis at the turn of

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384-721: The Sakaide Bannosu ( 番の州 ) industrial area in December 1967, the island became connected to the adjacent land. Adjoining, the island services the Seto Ohashi Memorial Park . In summer the island is crowded by guests who come to bathe in the sea. From the Jōmon period on, a salt making culture developed. At Nakanda beach ( ナカンダ浜 , Nakanda-hama ) earthenware and other finds from that time have been excavated. The Man'yōshū poet Kakinomoto no Hitomaro paid

416-812: The down-line (away from Tokyo) of the Seto-Chuo Expressway can be used exclusively by islanders by means of a card to unlock the gate. There is also an emergency phone. Tourists and other people can use an elevator from the bus stop on top of the bridge to access the island. 上真島 , part of Marugame, unpopulated. 唐島 , part of Mitoyo, unpopulated. 烏小島 , part of Marugame, unpopulated. 小裸島 , part of Sakaide, unpopulated. 小瀬居島 , part of Sakaide, unpopulated. 小与島 , part of Sakaide, populated. area: 0.24 km², circumference: 1.3 km. 三つ子島 , part of Sakaide, unpopulated. The Great Seto Bridge passes across this island. 室木島 , part of Sakaide, unpopulated. 鍋島 , part of Sakaide, unpopulated. The island

448-531: The fact that it is possible to cross between the islands. 広島 , part of Marugame and one of the seven "salt boiling islands". area: 11.66 km², circumference: 18.5 km. Hiroshima is the largest of the Shiwaku Islands and is sometimes called Sanuki-Hiroshima to differentiate it from Hiroshima Prefecture on the main Japanese island Honshu. The China Sea Directory from 1873 contains a description of

480-487: The island and recommends Enoura Bay (referred to as Ino Ura) as an anchorage: ‘The outline of Hiroshima is very irregular, and its sharp rocky ridges are very conspicuous. The summit of the island, which presents southward the appearance of an almost perpendicular cliff, is 990 feet above the sea. On the south shore is Ino Ura, a small bay, on the shores of which are several small villages, the valleys around which are cultivated. The eastern hills are covered with brushwood, but

512-743: The island is collection of shellfish by diving and trawl fishing. In mid January the yearly peach festival is held on the compounds of the Ōji-Shrine ( 王子神社 , Ōji-jinja ) 本島 , part of Marugame, situated in the center of the Shiwaku Island group. area: 6.74 km², circumference: 16.4 km. It is still the most populous place within the Shiwaku Islands. Kasajima ( 笠島 ) - designated as Preservation District of Groups of Traditional Buildings ( 重要伝統的建造物群保存地区 ) of Japan 岩黒島 , part of Sakaide, Kagawa , populated. The Great Seto Bridge passes across this island. area: 0.16 km², circumference: 1.6 km. The Iwakurojima Interchange on

544-534: The islands. [REDACTED] Since ancient times, the islands have been an important point for maritime transport. 粟島 , part of Mitoyo , populated. In Meiji 30 (1897), the National Mercantile Marine School was established here and subsequently many talented men were sent into the shipping industry. 弁天島 , part of Marugame, unpopulated. 歩渡島 , This island is connected to Hitsuishi-jima. The name (歩 = walk, 渡 = cross) derives from

576-786: The lighthouses he established a system of lighthouse keepers , based on the one used in Scotland. He also helped found Japan's first school of civil engineering . In 1871, he was received by Emperor Meiji in recognition of his efforts. Brunton was born in the Coastguard House (now 11 Marine Terrace) at Muchalls , Fetteresso in The Mearns . His father Richard was an officer in the Coastguard Service who had married Margaret Telfor in January 1841. After training as

608-487: The lighthouses. The grave is located on the island of Hiroshima in the Seto Inland Sea ; a memorial alongside the grave also records the association with Brunton, and in 2018, the Japanese Coast Guard undertook a ceremony at the grave to celebrate both Lake and Brunton. His high regard for the care that the islanders gave to the grave was, as he admitted in his book, in contrast to his general impression of

640-727: The north is characterized by the Chūgoku Mountains . Prior to the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the area of present-day Okayama Prefecture was divided between Bitchū , Bizen and Mimasaka Provinces. Okayama Prefecture was formed and named in 1871 as part of the large-scale administrative reforms of the early Meiji period (1868–1912), and the borders of the prefecture were set in 1876. Okayama Prefecture borders Hyōgo Prefecture , Tottori Prefecture , and Hiroshima Prefecture . It faces Kagawa Prefecture in Shikoku across

672-472: The north, Hyōgo Prefecture to the east, and Hiroshima Prefecture to the west. Okayama is the capital and largest city of Okayama Prefecture, with other major cities including Kurashiki , Tsuyama , and Sōja . Okayama Prefecture's south is located on the Seto Inland Sea coast across from Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku , which are connected by the Great Seto Bridge , while

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704-543: The northern part of the island can be reached. At Yoshima-kō there is a Fisherman's Wharf with restaurants and places selling seafood and souvenirs. It is also possible to go with the Japanese warship Kanrin Maru on a sightseeing pleasure cruise of the Great Seto Bridge. Public-transit buses and authorized islanders can access the island road 274, "Yoshima line", via a personal card. Non-islanders with car may only get as far as

736-567: The old Shirasu lighthouse now in the grounds of Kokura Castle in Kitakyushu . Brunton also established a system of lighthouse keepers , modeled on the Northern Lighthouse Board in Scotland. Aside from his work on lighthouses around Japan, Brunton also surveyed and drew the first detailed maps of Yokohama , planned its sewage system, street paving and gas lights, established a telegraph system, and designed and built

768-554: The settlement's first iron bridge. He also helped found Japan's first school of civil engineering . In recognition of his efforts, he was received by Emperor Meiji in an audience in 1871. Brunton returned to London on a leave of absence in July 1872, and was enlisted to assist the Iwakura Mission during its visit. In September, Brunton took Itō Hirobumi and a group of his assistants to visit 28 factories around London making

800-492: The shore too closely, as the head of the bay shoals very suddenly but good holding ground will be found here out of the strength of the tides.’ On the island is the grave of Frank Toovey Lake , a Victorian sailor who died here in 1868 while part of Richard Henry Brunton 's survey party. 櫃石島 , The island takes its name from a megalith in the shape of a chest (jap: 櫃) at its southern part. area: 0.85 km², circumference: 5.4 km, part of Sakaide. The principal industry on

832-686: The total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks , namely the Daisen-Oki and Setonaikai National Parks; the Hyōnosen-Ushiroyama-Nagisan Quasi-National Park ; and seven Prefectural Natural Parks. Fifteen cities are located in Okayama Prefecture: These are the towns and villages in each district : Per Japanese census data, and, Okayama prefecture has had continual negative population growth since 2005 Okayama Prefecture

864-422: The twentieth century, contains plates with photos and illustrations. The latter however, purports to be based on a manuscript predating the heavy editing of Griffis, while retaining updated versions of Griffis's footnotes. In his memoir, Brunton describes in some detail the burial of Frank Toovey Lake , a midshipman who was sailing with him on HMS Manilla when he was making his first survey of locations to erect

896-496: The two parking lots as the gate is closed for them. The southern part of the island can be reached by public bus. Okayama Prefecture Okayama Prefecture ( 岡山県 , Okayama-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu . Okayama Prefecture has a population of 1,906,464 (1 February 2018) and has a geographic area of 7,114 km (2,746 sq mi ). Okayama Prefecture borders Tottori Prefecture to

928-479: The western ridges are thickly wooded. In the ravines, the sides of which are rocky precipices, numerous deer are found. Ino Ura is a convenient anchorage for vessels passing through the Seto Inland Sea, and is generally chosen as a night anchorage, especially when bound from Hiogo to the westward, it being within convenient distance, and can be arrived at before nightfall. Care must be taken not to approach

960-657: Was not proceeding fast enough for the British. Brunton was sent from Edinburgh in August 1868 to head the project after being recommended to the Japanese government by the Stevensons, despite the fact that he had no experience in lighthouse building at all. He was accompanied by his wife, sister-in-law and two assistants. The party received word while docked at Aden of the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate and its replacement by

992-411: Was opened. 下真島 , part of Marugame, unpopulated. 白石 , part of Marugame, unpopulated. 志々島 , part of Mitoyo. area: 0.74 km², circumference: 3.4 km. 高見島 , part of Tadotsu, populated. area: 2.33 km², circumference: 6.4 km. 手島 , part of Marugame, populated. area: 3.41 km², circumference: 10.9 km. 牛島 , part of Marugame , populated. One of seven islands on which salt

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1024-499: Was the so-called " Father of Japanese lighthouses ". Brunton was born in Muchalls , Kincardineshire , Scotland. He was employed by the government of Meiji period Japan as a foreign advisor ( o-yatoi gaikokujin ), primarily to build lighthouses. Over a period of seven and a half years he designed and supervised the building of 26 Japanese lighthouses in the Western style, which became known as Brunton's "children". To operate

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