92-648: Shiva Baby is a 2020 American comedy film written and directed by Emma Seligman , in her feature directorial debut. The film stars Rachel Sennott as Danielle, a directionless young bisexual Jewish woman who attends a shiva with her parents, Joel ( Fred Melamed ) and Debbie ( Polly Draper ). Other attendees include her successful ex-girlfriend Maya ( Molly Gordon ), and her sugar daddy Max (Danny Deferrari) with his wife Kim ( Dianna Agron ) and their screaming baby. It also features Jackie Hoffman , Deborah Offner , Rita Gardner and Sondra James in supporting roles. Adapted from Seligman's own 2018 short film of
184-474: A shiva observance with her parents, Joel and Debbie. Before the shiva , at her aunt Sheila's house, Danielle is schooled by her mother on how to respond to questions about her disorganized life. Within the house, members of the local extended Jewish community compare her to her ex-girlfriend Maya, who is adored by the neighbors and heading to law school . Max, who is a former colleague of Joel's, arrives, and Debbie insists on introducing him to Danielle in
276-485: A "sweet spot" that they said composer Ariel Marx achieved. Marx also suggested adding the score to some scenes it had not originally been intended, making them more stressful. As well as composing, Marx performed strings, while Sam Mazur contributed percussion. The score received positive reviews. Stephen Saito for Moveable Fest described the score as Marx's version of the Jaws theme. IndieWire ' s Jude Dry wrote that
368-410: A Jewish actress, Agron was excited to "finally" be in a Jewish film, despite playing the only character who is not Jewish. Through conversation with Agron, lines were added alluding to her character having Jewish heritage. Producer Lizzie Shapiro told Ynet that Agron "brought to the role a different dynamic of what it means to be a Jew who looks like [she does]". Commenters have said that Agron's casting
460-426: A brat sometimes". Others noted that while Shiva Baby is rooted in its Jewish identity, it is relatable and its awkward comedy universal. Frosch felt that the film could have explored some of its themes more deeply, and there were different views on the film's runtime: Kate Taylor of The Globe and Mail felt that it gets stretched long, while Jason Gorber of /Film wrote that the "brisk 77 minute running time means
552-402: A brief heart-to-heart with her mother. Maya also tries to talk to her, but Max interrupts the two; annoyed, Maya loudly reveals details of her and Danielle's past relationship, while Max tries to determine if Danielle is still romantically interested in him. She then follows him to the upstairs bathroom and tries to fellate him, but he leaves. Upset, Danielle goes outside, finding Maya smoking by
644-669: A browser, which can be noticeably slower than the equivalent native app. It also may not have the same level of features as the native app. The concept of the hybrid app is a mix of native and web-based apps. Apps developed using Apache Cordova , Flutter , Xamarin , React Native , Sencha Touch , and other frameworks fall into this category. These are made to support web and native technologies across multiple platforms. Moreover, these apps are easier and faster to develop. It involves use of single codebase which works in multiple mobile operating systems. Despite such advantages, hybrid apps exhibit lower performance. Often, apps fail to bear
736-504: A browser. Hybrid apps are built using web technologies such as JavaScript , CSS, and HTML5 and function like web apps disguised in a native container. Most mobile devices are sold with several apps bundled as pre-installed software, such as a web browser , email client , calendar , mapping program, and an app for buying music , other media, or more apps. Some pre-installed apps can be removed by an ordinary uninstall process, thus leaving more storage space for desired ones. Where
828-545: A chemistry read with Sennott; they only met the day before filming began. Seligman says she experienced impostor syndrome working with the cast, especially after holding a rehearsal for a scene between Danielle and Maya but not being able to make it work. After Gordon, Dianna Agron was cast as Kim. Agron was in Israel when she was sent the script, and met with Seligman in New York shortly after returning. Seligman said that, as
920-925: A crucial film of youthful Jewish representation in cinema." Sennott's performance was noted as one of the best breakouts of 2020. Shiva Baby was praised both as and despite being a feature debut. Jon Frosch of The Hollywood Reporter said the film is worthy of comparison to films made by others later in their career, specifically saying it may be a "softer" version of the Coen brothers' A Serious Man . Other critics noted Seligman's youth in these terms; in Script magazine, Tom Stempel compared them to Orson Welles "when he made you know what ", and, in Vanity Fair , Jordan Hoffman compared them to Steven Spielberg making Duel . It also received positive reviews for its handling of modern topics. Nelson wrote that it "takes
1012-475: A family event", Seligman cast Sennott in their own thesis film, the Shiva Baby short. Sennott was kept on as Danielle when Seligman began expanding Shiva Baby into a feature-length film; they had formed a collaborative bond and Seligman "never even thought about casting someone else", though, unlike her character, Sennott is neither queer nor Jewish. When media began criticizing Jewface , Sennott as Danielle
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#17327872440251104-415: A feature; the feature film entered production just before the short premiered at the 2018 South by Southwest (SXSW) film festival. Despite the short being accepted to SXSW, giving Seligman confidence, nobody there was interested in making a low-budget feature. Seligman then approached Katie Schiller, who she said was "the best producer in [their graduating class]", at Sennott's encouragement. While developing
1196-547: A fictional scenario combining Seligman's "uncomfortable and funny" experience of shivas , and the community of women she knew who were sugar babies at NYU. When it came to expanding the story to a feature, she chose to also draw on her own bisexuality ; the desire to showcase more of the character of Danielle and her sexuality is a reason Seligman chose to make the feature. Seligman said that "if no one watches this movie except for some young bisexual women who feel seen, then I feel like I've done my job". The character of Danielle
1288-452: A film's atmosphere, character, and story, and therefore, the labels "drama" and "comedy" are too broad to be considered a genre. Instead, his taxonomy argues that comedy is a type of film that contains at least a dozen different sub-types. A number of hybrid genres have emerged, such as action comedy and romantic comedy . The first comedy film was L'Arroseur Arrosé (1895), directed and produced by film pioneer Louis Lumière . Less than
1380-461: A fresh perspective on the [messy millennial ] trope that mirrors experience and compels emotion". Several critics were impressed that Shiva Baby does not present Danielle's sex work negatively, and Allyson Johnson of The Young Folks felt that while the film is ostensibly coming-of-age , "what makes [it] so instantly transcendent of some of its contemporaries is how much it acknowledges that, despite Danielle's initial presentation, she's still just
1472-552: A growing number of mobile applications available at app stores and the improved capabilities of smartphones, people are downloading more applications to their devices. Usage of mobile apps has become increasingly prevalent across mobile phone users. A May 2012 comScore study reported that during the previous quarter, more mobile subscribers used apps than browsed the web on their devices: 51.1% vs. 49.8% respectively. Researchers found that usage of mobile apps strongly correlates with user context and depends on user's location and time of
1564-429: A largely female cast and crew, felt prepared for this and other scenes involving intimacy, but discovered during filming that the scenes were more vulnerable and required more sensitivity. Director of photography Maria Rusche used an Arri Alexa XT camera to shoot in fullscreen 2K resolution and Apple ProRes 4444 format , with Kowa anamorphic lenses as well as a 10:1 Cooke Cinetal zoom lens . About half of
1656-620: A limited release in UK theaters in June 2021, and a wide release in Australian theaters beginning July 2021. It has been picked up for theatrical distribution in Israel by TLVFest . It began streaming on HBO Max in July 2021, with HBO and Seligman developing a television pilot based on the premise of the film. The first theatrical poster and trailer were released on February 18, 2021. The poster
1748-531: A lot, as well as adding a mother's perspective, though the production did not have time for full improvisation. Shiva Baby was filmed over 16 days in August 2019 at an Airbnb in Flatbush, Brooklyn . Seligman chose the house on Argyle Road [ commons ] because of its dark wood interior and stained-glass windows providing a Yentl -like glow. The shoot was initially planned for summer 2018, which
1840-483: A mainstream audience. The success of the American television show Saturday Night Live drove decades of cinema with racier content allowed on television drawing on the program's stars and characters, with bigger successes including Wayne's World , Mean Girls , Ghostbusters and Animal House . Parody and joke-based films continue to find audiences. While comedic films are among the most popular with audiences at
1932-509: A minute long, it shows a boy playing a prank on a gardener. The most notable comedy actors of the silent film era (1895–1927) were Charlie Chaplin , Harold Lloyd , and Buster Keaton , though they were able to make the transition into “ talkies ” after the 1920s. Film-makers in the 1960s skillfully employed the use of comedy film to make social statements by building their narratives around sensitive cultural, political or social issues. Such films include Dr Strangelove, or How I Learned to Love
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#17327872440252024-541: A mobile device's screen size for a user's hand. Mobile UI contexts signal cues from user activity, such as location and scheduling that can be shown from user interactions within a mobile application. Overall, mobile UI design's goal is primarily for an understandable, user-friendly interface. Mobile UIs, or front-ends, rely on mobile back-ends to support access to enterprise systems. The mobile back-end facilitates data routing, security, authentication, authorization, working off-line, and service orchestration. This functionality
2116-515: A record-breaking sixteen-week continuous run (April 2–July 22, 2021) at the Quad Cinema in New York. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , 97% of 147 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 7.9/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "A ruefully funny calling card for debuting director Emma Seligman, Shiva Baby transcends its sitcom setup with strong performances and satisfying insights." Metacritic assigned
2208-485: A result, most businesses develop apps for multiple platforms. While developing native apps, professionals incorporate best-in-class user interface modules. This accounts for better performance, consistency and good user experience. Users also benefit from wider access to application programming interfaces and make limitless use of all apps from the particular device. Further, they also switch over from one app to another effortlessly. The main purpose for creating such apps
2300-458: A separate genre, but rather, provides a better understanding of the film. Mobile app A mobile application or app is a computer program or software application designed to run on a mobile device such as a phone , tablet , or watch . Mobile applications often stand in contrast to desktop applications which are designed to run on desktop computers , and web applications which run in mobile web browsers rather than directly on
2392-449: A topless photo and sends it to Max. She is interrupted and accidentally leaves her phone in the bathroom. Unable to look away from Max and his family, she offers to clean vomit from an adjacent room in order to escape. Maya comes to help, catching Danielle repeatedly looking at Max. She mistakes the gaze as one directed at Kim and attempts to gauge Danielle's interest, while Danielle tries to dismiss Kim's attractiveness and success. Danielle
2484-652: A type of digital distribution platforms. The term "app", short for " application ", has since become very popular; in 2010, it was listed as " Word of the Year " by the American Dialect Society . Apps are broadly classified into three types: native apps, hybrid and web apps. Native applications are designed specifically for a mobile operating system, typically iOS or Android. Web apps are written in HTML5 or CSS and typically run through
2576-428: A variety of critics', festival, and media titles; for 2020 and, especially, 2021, it was included on many best-of lists. Comedy film The comedy film is a film genre that emphasizes humor . These films are designed to amuse audiences and make them laugh. Films in this genre typically have a happy ending , with dark comedy being an exception to this rule. Comedy is one of the oldest genres in film, and it
2668-556: A vase and some sacred books to the floor . Danielle attempts to clean up the mess but has a breakdown on the floor in front of the guests and is comforted by her mother and Maya. Debbie suggests they use helping an elderly attendee to her car as an excuse to leave, and Maya and Danielle reconnect as they carry food outside. Everyone is persuaded to ride home in Joel's overpacked van, with Kim and Max's baby shrieking as Joel struggles to find his keys. Maya and Danielle affectionately hold hands in
2760-438: Is app wrapping . But there also are some disadvantages like copyright infringement or the loss of warranty rights. Functionality, productivity and user experience are particularly limited under app wrapping. The policies of a wrapped app can not be changed. If required, it must be recreated from scratch, adding cost. An app wrapper is a mobile app made wholly from an existing website or platform , with few or no changes made to
2852-472: Is also essential. Mobile UI considers constraints and contexts, screen, input and mobility as outlines for design. The user is often the focus of interaction with their device, and the interface entails components of both hardware and software. User input allows for the users to manipulate a system, and device's output allows the system to indicate the effects of the users' manipulation. Mobile UI design constraints include limited attention and form factors, such as
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2944-414: Is an alternate approach to security. Rather than controlling an employee/s entire device, containerization apps create isolated pockets separate from personal data. Company control of the device only extends to that separate container. Especially when employees " bring your own device " (BYOD), mobile apps can be a significant security risk for businesses, because they transfer unprotected sensitive data to
3036-408: Is an example of intertextuality and "a bit of an inside joke". Danny Deferrari was the last actor to be cast, accepting the role of Max a few days before shooting began. Casting had been challenging; the film focuses on both queer and Jewish culture, so Seligman and the producers wanted to find actors who would "feel authentic to the material". Seligman felt it was important to cast Jewish actors but
3128-436: Is derived from classical comedy in theatre . Some of the earliest silent films were slapstick comedies , which often relied on visual depictions, such as sight gags and pratfalls, so they could be enjoyed without requiring sound. To provide drama and excitement to silent movies, live music was played in sync with the action on the screen, on pianos, organs, and other instruments. When sound films became more prevalent during
3220-494: Is described as relatable; she is the film's "way in" and the other characters are all seen through her eyes. Seligman was also interested in exploring Max and Kim's relationship, and Debbie and Danielle's mother–daughter relationship further, and in expanding on the central theme of Danielle finding her self-worth through sexual autonomy but "realizing that's not as powerful as she thinks it is". Variety noted that themes of empowered young women were present in several screenplays in
3312-426: Is meant to off-set the security risk of a Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) work strategy. When an employee brings a personal device into an enterprise setting, mobile application management enables the corporate IT staff to transfer required applications, control access to business data, and remove locally cached business data from the device if it is lost, or when its owner no longer works with the company. Containerization
3404-446: Is mitigated by the talented cast. In the lead role, Sennott was highlighted in several reviews, with Parker saying that she gave "a wonderful, star making performance". Other critics looked at the chemistry of Sennott and Gordon's characters, and highlighted other actors. Shiva Baby has received many awards and nominations, particularly for Seligman's writing and directing as their feature film debut, and lead actress Sennott. Seligman
3496-453: Is primarily used to distribute "Windows Store apps"—which are primarily built for use on tablets and other touch-based devices (but can still be used with a keyboard and mouse , and on desktop computers and laptops ). Mobile application management (MAM) describes software and services responsible for provisioning and controlling access to internally developed and commercially available mobile apps used in business settings. The strategy
3588-435: Is reluctantly introduced to Kim, who is interested in making conversation with and hiring her, though Danielle is jealous and rebuffs her offer. It is also revealed that Kim is the breadwinner of the family and therefore unknowingly funds Max's arrangement with Danielle. Kim grows suspicious when she notices Danielle wearing the same expensive bracelet that Max had given to her. Max spills coffee on Danielle, leading her to have
3680-753: Is supported by a mix of middleware components including mobile app servers , Mobile Backend as a service (MBaaS), and SOA infrastructure. Conversational interfaces display the computer interface and present interactions through text instead of graphic elements. They emulate conversations with real humans. There are two main types of conversational interfaces: voice assistants (like the Amazon Echo ) and chatbots . Conversational interfaces are growing particularly practical as users are starting to feel overwhelmed with mobile apps (a term known as "app fatigue"). David Limp, Amazon's senior vice president of devices, says in an interview with Bloomberg, "We believe
3772-425: Is to ensure best performance for a specific mobile operating system. A web-based app is implemented with the standard web technologies of HTML , CSS , and JavaScript . Internet access is typically required for proper behavior or being able to use all features compared to offline usage. Most, if not all, user data is stored in the cloud . The performance of these apps is similar to a web application running in
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3864-531: The Amazon Appstore and F-Droid . Usually, they are downloaded from the platform to a target device, but sometimes they can be downloaded to laptops or desktop computers . Apps can also be installed manually, for example by running an Android application package on Android devices. Some apps are freeware , while others have a price, which can be upfront or a subscription . Some apps also include microtransactions and/or advertising . In any case,
3956-488: The Coen brothers , Joey Soloway 's Transparent , John Cassavetes , and Mike Nichols . The costume design of the film was based on outfits worn at shivas Seligman's family had attended. Seligman said that financing Shiva Baby was "probably the hardest thing" she and the producers would do; she sought funding for the feature for a year and received some offers from organizations that requested more creative control over
4048-480: The Yale School of Drama ; they used this as an advantage on set, though Draper had originally been sought to play a different role in the film. The production had been looking for a Jewish actress to play Debbie, but Seligman said that Draper "put a spell on [them] and [they] had to say yes." Seligman's own mother also wanted Draper to play the mother character in the film. Draper improvised on-set for her character
4140-410: The "tense string score ratchets up the tension, though this technique loses its bite after a few too many uses", while Katie Rife of The A.V. Club praised it, likening it to the work of Harry Manfredini . Andrew Parker for The GATE also touched on the score's horror -like qualities, saying it worked well for its contribution to the claustrophobic storytelling. The Film Stage listed it as one of
4232-440: The 1920s, comedy films grew in popularity, as laughter could result from both burlesque situations but also from humorous dialogue . Comedy, compared with other film genres , places more focus on individual star actors, with many former stand-up comics transitioning to the film industry due to their popularity. In The Screenwriters Taxonomy (2017), Eric R. Williams contends that film genres are fundamentally based upon
4324-752: The App Store has 650,000 available apps to download as well as 30 billion apps downloaded from the app store until that date. From an alternative perspective, figures seen in July 2013 by the BBC from tracking service Adeven indicate over two-thirds of apps in the store are "zombies", barely ever installed by consumers. Microsoft Store (formerly known as the Windows Store) was introduced by Microsoft in 2012 for its Windows 8 and Windows RT platforms. While it can also carry listings for traditional desktop programs certified for compatibility with Windows 8, it
4416-593: The Bomb , Guess Who's Coming to Dinner? and The Graduate . In America, the sexual revolution drove an appetite for comedies that celebrated and parodied changing social morals, including Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice and Fanny Hill . In Britain, a camp sensibility lay behind the successful Carry On films , while in America subversive independent film-maker John Waters made camp films for college audiences with his drag queen friends that eventually found
4508-481: The Google Play Store surpassed 50 billion, of the over 1 million apps available. As of September 2016, according to Statista the number of apps available exceeded 2.4 million. Over 80% of apps in the Google Play Store are free to download. The store generated a revenue of 6 billion U.S. dollars in 2015. Apple 's App Store for iOS and iPadOS was not the first app distribution service, but it ignited
4600-459: The Internet without knowledge and consent of the users. Reports of stolen corporate data show how quickly corporate and personal data can fall into the wrong hands. Data theft is not just the loss of confidential information, but makes companies vulnerable to attack and blackmail. Professional mobile application management helps companies protect their data. One option for securing corporate data
4692-492: The Jewish family and multiple lovers – but Seligman has her own vision and offers something different", and that it "follows the contrarian path promoted by [...] Disobedience , [but] this is not the central point of the plot; Seligman does not treat the [queer] protagonists as exceptional or disobedient". Solórzano also compared the themes of youth to those of Booksmart , and the tension to that of Uncut Gems , and discussed
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#17327872440254784-519: The Jewish theatre community in New York for most of the cast. Due to the low budget, they looked to only cast actors based in New York City, with the exception of Fred Melamed , whom the production flew out from Los Angeles. Melamed had accepted the role of Joel based on reading the script alone. Unbeknownst to Seligman, several cast members already knew each other, such as Melamed and Polly Draper (who plays his wife Debbie), who were friends from
4876-613: The app economy creates revenues of more than € 10 billion per year within the European Union, while over 529,000 jobs have been created in 28 EU states due to the growth of the app market. Mobile applications may be classified by numerous methods. A common scheme is to distinguish native , web-based, and hybrid apps. All apps targeted toward a particular mobile platform are known as native apps. Therefore, an app intended for Apple device does not run in Android devices. As
4968-546: The back and smile at each other. Shiva Baby is an expansion of writer-director Emma Seligman 's 2018 short film of the same title, which she had made as her thesis project while studying film at New York University Tisch School of the Arts (NYU). The title refers both to Danielle and to the baby brought to the shiva , Rose. Seligman said that she felt there was room to expand on the short from early on, but needed motivation from lead actress Rachel Sennott to start working on
5060-619: The best scores or soundtracks of 2021. Shiva Baby was slated to premiere at the 2020 South by Southwest (SXSW); following the festival's cancellation in light of the COVID-19 pandemic , it was instead screened digitally in April 2020. The producers submitted the film to the Sundance Film Festival , and though they were given an extension on submission to work on post-production, it was not accepted. Altmann said that while it
5152-719: The box office, there is an 'historical bias against a close and serious consideration of comedy' when it comes to critical reception and conferring of awards, such as at the Academy Awards . Film writer Cailian Savage observes "Comedies have won Oscars, although they’ve usually been comedy-dramas, involved very depressing scenes, or appealed to stone-hearted drama lovers in some other way, such as Shakespeare in Love ." According to Williams' taxonomy , all film descriptions should contain their type (comedy or drama) combined with one (or more) sub-genres. This combination does not create
5244-456: The couple's vacant SoHo apartment as a bachelor pad . When Kim asks if Danielle is dating, Joel starts talking about her failed love life and implores the nearby guests to sing a song they used to sing to her as a baby; Danielle feels infantilized and stressfully imagines Kim singing along, and flaunting her relationship with Max. The guests then gather to say Kaddish , with Rose screaming until Kim takes her away. Max follows Danielle into
5336-566: The day. Mobile apps are playing an ever-increasing role within healthcare and when designed and integrated correctly can yield many benefits. Market research firm Gartner predicted that 102 billion apps would be downloaded in 2013 (91% of them free), which would generate $ 26 billion in the US, up 44.4% on 2012's US$ 18 billion. By Q2 2015, the Google Play and Apple stores alone generated $ 5 billion. An analyst report estimates that
5428-483: The explosion in number and variety of apps made discovery a challenge, which in turn led to the creation of a wide range of review, recommendation, and curation sources, including blogs, magazines, and dedicated online app-discovery services. In 2014 government regulatory agencies began trying to regulate and curate apps, particularly medical apps. Some companies offer apps as an alternative method to deliver content with certain advantages over an official website . With
5520-438: The feature, Seligman re-watched Gia Coppola 's film Palo Alto , saying that she had "never seen a film so accurately portray the suffocating and debilitating nature of young female insecurities" like it. Seligman was also inspired by Trey Edward Shults 's Krisha and how its location was used for storytelling, which led to Seligman viewing Shiva Baby through a similar psychological thriller lens. Other inspiration came from
5612-657: The film a weighted average score of 79 out of 100, based on 24 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Brian Bromberger of The Bay Area Reporter said it "may be one of the best bisexual films ever made", and Alex de Vore of the Santa Fe Reporter said that the ending is "one of the most meaningful moments of hope ever captured on film". Madeline Ducharme of Slate 's Outward called Shiva Baby and character Danielle "a step forward for bi representation on screen", and diversity-focused Incluvie 's Aspen Nelson said that it "will be remembered as
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#17327872440255704-463: The film in return, which she was unwilling to give. The production also faced setback when Seligman had to return to Canada after finishing the short when her visa expired. Filmmaker Amanda Kramer , a friend of Seligman, put her in contact with Rhianon Jones of Neon Heart Productions , who became an executive producer ; more investors became interested with Jones attached. Most of the financing came from outside funding and independent funding from people
5796-546: The film never overstays its welcome". Various critics praise the characters and ensemble cast at the film's center. Juan Antonio Barquin of the Miami New Times wrote that the cast embody the specificity and complex relationships of their characters. For The Film Stage , Zhuo-Ning Su compared the ensemble to that of Ma Rainey's Black Bottom , calling them a "group of comedic genius". Frosch commented that Seligman's script may lean too much into stereotypes, but this
5888-446: The film was shot handheld . Seligman and Rusche initially considered shooting Shiva Baby like a romantic comedy , but "the anxiety hook was what [they] found to set the tone for most of the process". Rusche discussed her equipment choices with IndieWire ' s Chris O'Falt, explaining that to capture the claustrophobia and anxiety in the film in the way they wanted, they needed to have Danielle surrounded by people but still allow
5980-411: The hopes that one of Max's relatives will hire her. They have an awkward exchange and Debbie reveals to Danielle that Max is married, shocking her. Overwhelmed by prying neighbors, Danielle is further affected by the arrival of Max's seemingly perfect but non-Jewish wife, Kim, and their baby, Rose. After accidentally ripping her tights and hurting her leg, Danielle retreats to the bathroom where she takes
6072-449: The intense watch of her family, friends, and judgmental neighbors. Shiva Baby received positive reviews from critics, who praised Seligman's screenplay and direction, cast performances, musical score, representation of bisexuality and Jewish culture, and for effectively conveying anxiety-inducing claustrophobia . The film would go on to win several awards. College senior Danielle and her sugar daddy Max have sex before she hurries to
6164-430: The kitchen afterwards, and they discuss ending their arrangement. Kim appears and tells Max they should go home, and Danielle leaves to ask her parents if they can go home, too. Moments later, Kim finds Danielle to return her phone, and tries to force her to hold Rose, saying she needs help feeding her. Danielle tries to refuse as Max arrives and argues with Kim about the baby, which pushes Danielle into accidentally knocking
6256-462: The mobile device. Apps were originally intended for productivity assistance such as email, calendar, and contact databases, but the public demand for apps caused rapid expansion into other areas such as mobile games , factory automation , GPS and location-based services , order-tracking, and ticket purchases, so that there are now millions of apps available. Many apps require Internet access. Apps are generally downloaded from app stores , which are
6348-425: The mobile revolution and was opened on July 10, 2008, and as of September 2016, reported over 140 billion downloads. The original AppStore was first demonstrated to Steve Jobs in 1993 by Jesse Tayler at NeXTWorld Expo As of June 6, 2011, there were 425,000 apps available, which had been downloaded by 200 million iOS users. During Apple's 2012 Worldwide Developers Conference , CEO Tim Cook announced that
6440-530: The next big platform is voice." The three biggest app stores are Google Play for Android , App Store for iOS , and Microsoft Store for Windows 10 , Windows 10 Mobile , and Xbox One . Google Play (formerly known as the Android Market) is an international online software store developed by Google for Android devices. It opened in October 2008. In July 2013, the number of apps downloaded via
6532-472: The platforms (although these issues can be overcome with mobile device detection). Mobile application development requires the use of specialized integrated development environments . Mobile apps are first tested within the development environment using emulators and later subjected to field testing. Emulators provide an inexpensive way to test applications on mobile phones to which developers may not have physical access. Mobile user interface (UI) Design
6624-486: The principal cast to play off each other. To achieve this, Rusche decided to use an anamorphic lens so that multiple characters can remain in shot together, through the wider field of view , while still being distinguished from background characters thanks to the lens's depth. They also wanted to utilize natural image distortion to emphasize Danielle's anxiety; Rusche said the effect of the Kowa lenses "helped make it feel like
6716-402: The producers, and most took a cut in their usual rate, while editor Hanna Park was Seligman's roommate. I feel like it's pretty universal – a lot of young women, young people, not having self-worth beyond sexual validation. I think it's something that hindered my self-acceptance in college, since it's something I focused a lot of energy on. – Emma Seligman The short film had been based on
6808-553: The production team knew. Seligman told Women and Hollywood that using primarily one location was also a financial decision. Shiva Baby ' s budget was around $ 200,000. Producer Kieran Altmann managed to secure some funding from his parents, Fiona and Martin Altmann, who are credited as executive producers. He said that the competitive filmmaking market in New York helped them work with a small budget, as they could negotiate large discounts on gear rental. The crew were also friends of
6900-456: The relevance of other themes in Shiva Baby , including Danielle's insecurities; the cultural and religious conflicts surrounding Danielle's sexuality; complex female relationships; and the honesty that comes with family gatherings. Writer-director Seligman became aware of lead actress Sennott at NYU when Sennott was acting in other students' thesis films and making comedy sketches. Thinking that she looked "like someone [Seligman] would run into at
6992-537: The revenue is usually split between the application's creator and the app store. The same app can, therefore, cost a different price depending on the mobile platform. Mobile apps were originally offered for general productivity and information retrieval, including email, calendar , contacts, the stock market and weather information. However, public demand and the availability of developer tools drove rapid expansion into other categories, such as those handled by desktop application software packages. As with other software,
7084-510: The same look-and-feel in different mobile operating systems. Developing apps for mobile devices requires considering the constraints and features of these devices. Mobile devices run on battery and have less powerful processors than personal computers and also have more features such as location detection and cameras. Developers also have to consider a wide array of screen sizes, hardware specifications and configurations because of intense competition in mobile software and changes within each of
7176-422: The same name, Shiva Baby premiered online at the 2020 South by Southwest film festival, while its first public screenings were at the 2020 Toronto International Film Festival , due to the COVID-19 pandemic . It was released in theaters and streaming on April 2, 2021. The events of the film take place almost entirely in real time and at one location as Danielle explores her romantic and career prospects under
7268-512: The same season; features editor Malina Saval wrote that Shiva Baby shows through Danielle how a "pressure to be perfect manifests itself in women long before marriage and kids come into focus" and explores how the power of sex is only limited. Karina Solórzano for the Los Cabos International Film Festival wrote that Shiva Baby has "the same elements as some of Woody Allen 's most popular films – including
7360-421: The same time. The production had only "two days when [they] had the entire [principal] six-person cast together at the same time". Another struggle was the baby playing Rose, who would not stop crying; Seligman said this was a "learning experience" that caused them to rework some scenes to fit in a crying baby. The opening scene, set before the shiva at Max's apartment, was filmed on the last day. Seligman, with
7452-437: The side of the house. The two admit that they miss each other and passionately kiss. Maya is excited, but later finds Danielle's phone in the bathroom and reads notifications from the sugar baby app ; angry, she taunts Danielle about the phone without revealing where it is. Danielle's anxiety grows when she encounters Kim with her parents again, having a measured conversation in which she behaves erratically and hints that Max uses
7544-551: The software does not allow this, some devices can be rooted to eliminate the undesired apps. Apps that are not preinstalled are usually available through distribution platforms called app stores . These may operated by the owner of the device's mobile operating system , such as the App Store or Google Play Store ; by the device manufacturers, such as the Galaxy Store and Huawei AppGallery ; or by third parties, such as
7636-419: The time to engage with audiences at many film festivals, creating "if not a grassroots campaign, than a ground-up campaign", in their words. They added: "This is how we were able to find the right audience for the film, we responded to their excitement and included them in our outreach." Shiva Baby was the most-watched film on Mubi in 2021 by the start of August, and ended the year still in the top spot. It had
7728-473: The underlying application. The "wrapper" is essentially a new management layer that allows developers to set up usage policies appropriate for app use. Examples of these policies include whether or not authentication is required, allowing data to be stored on the device, and enabling/disabling file sharing between users. Because most app wrappers are often websites first, they often do not align with iOS or Android Developer guidelines. Alternatively, it
7820-468: The walls could literally cave in on her" and had "a good balance of edge distortion without falling apart or losing too much sharpness at the edges". Seligman was uncertain if they wanted to use a score for the film when going into production, as they were aiming for realism , but chose to do so to divert focus from background chatter and represent Danielle's emotions. Seligman wanted it to have strings to reflect Klezmer music, without being overpowering,
7912-455: Was designed by High Council, with Nylon noting that it captures the film's style; "Sennott dressed to the nines in Jewish deli couture is nothing short of pure camp." A second, red band , trailer was released on March 29, 2021, and a UK trailer followed on May 27. According to Seligman, Utopia targeted their marketing at the young queer female audience by producing content like the red band trailer. Additionally, pandemic lockdowns gave Seligman
8004-610: Was disappointing to be rejected from a festival like Sundance, the team had been aiming for SXSW, as it was where the short premiered. It was also screened digitally at a variety of festivals in August and September 2020, and had its first physical screening at the TIFF Bell Lightbox for the 2020 Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF). In place of live events, it received cast and director Q&A sessions via video links . In September 2020, just before its TIFF run, Utopia acquired distribution rights to Shiva Baby . It
8096-442: Was frequently mentioned. She worked with Seligman to develop the character over the two years of production from the beginning of the short film to the feature, and read all of Seligman's screenplay drafts. Some of the film's potential financiers asked the producers to consider replacing Sennott with a bigger name star. Besides Sennott, the first actor to be cast was Molly Gordon , who was cast as Danielle's love interest, Maya, without
8188-499: Was nominated for a Directors Guild Award ; casting director Kate Geller won a Casting Society of America award; and the film won the Independent Spirit John Cassavetes Award , in 2022. It also won a National Board of Review Award for 2021, and production designer Cheyenne Ford was selected to the 2021 BAFTA Breakthrough US cohort thanks to her work on the film. Between 2020 and 2022 it won
8280-403: Was open to other people if they seemed perfect for the role. They also discussed authentic queer representation with The Hindu , calling it a "trickier issue"; having spoken with actors who are not out , Seligman said that "for everyone on screen playing a queer character to be out and proud and talking about their sexuality [...] is a lot to ask of someone." Casting director Kate Geller went to
8372-442: Was postponed to 2019; Seligman then wanted to push it again, to 2020, to have more time to raise money, but Sennott "set a timebomb". The film mostly takes place in one location during one day. After scouting the house, Seligman built a model of the first floor out of Lego and used this to plan shots. They said that some of the main struggles related to continuity , particularly working with actors who were not always available at
8464-614: Was released in limited theaters and video on demand on March 26, 2021 in Canada, by distributors Pacific Northwest Pictures, and on April 2, 2021, when movie theaters re-opened, in the United States. The soundtrack was released on the same day. Utopia shopped the film to various streaming platforms : it was made available in Spain on Filmin , and in several countries on Mubi from June 11, 2021 for Pride Month . Shiva Baby also had
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