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31-808: The Shoalwater Bay Tribe governs the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation . Its tribal headquarters is in Tokeland, Washington . The Shoalwater Bay Tribe is descended from the Shoalwater Bay Indians, a term used to refer to the multiple peoples whose homelands are in Willapa Bay (formerly known as Shoalwater Bay), including the Lower Chehalis and the Willapa Chinook, as well as others. In 1855,

62-684: A warm-summer Mediterranean climate , abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps. As of the census of 2000, there were 194 people, 89 households, and 50 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 379.0 people per square mile (146.9/km ). There were 197 housing units at an average density of 384.8/sq mi (149.1/km ). The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.21% White , 5.67% Native American , 1.03% Asian , and 3.09% from two or more races. 43.0% were of American , 14.5% Irish , 9.2% French and 5.7% Finnish ancestry according to Census 2000 . There were 89 households, out of which 21.3% had children under

93-641: A 334.75 acres (1.3547 km) tract of land for "miscellaneous Indian purposes," essentially allowing the Shoalwater Bay peoples to retain a land base without having signed any treaty. From 1899 to 1936, the chief of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe was George A. Charley, one of the last people in the region to have a flattened head (as was the custom for noble families in the Pacific Northwest). His father, Charley Toke,

124-493: A delegate to the board that oversees the NPAIHB. The board meets quarterly to discuss current projects and issues. The mission of the NPAIHB is: “to eliminate health disparities and improve the quality of life of American Indians and Alaska Natives by supporting Northwest Tribes in their delivery of culturally appropriate, high quality healthcare.” Its slogan is “Indian Leadership for Indian Health.” In fulfilling its mission,

155-506: A new jetty, moorage, boat ramp, timber seawall, and fish buying station. The Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe built a 50-foot tall (15 m) tsunami evacuation tower in 2022. The freestanding structure was built at a cost $ 5 million, $ 1.2 million supplied by the tribal council and an additional $ 3.8 million from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) . The tower is considered the first of its type in

186-404: A popular enough destination that in 1910, a group of investors from Portland, Oregon sought to develop an amusement park there that would resemble Coney Island , although these plans never materialized. Similarly to North Cove and other towns on the north side of Willapa Bay , coastal erosion became a serious concern for Tokeland. This, combined with the overall economic pressure affecting

217-520: Is a five member elected body which is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the tribe. Additionally, the Tribal Council employs a Tribal Administrator who oversees administrative duties as well as managing the 29 departments of the government. As of September 2024, the members of the Tribal Council are as follows: The Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation is the reservation of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe, located west of Tokeland on

248-564: Is a non-profit tribal advisory organization in Portland, Oregon , run and organized by participating tribes. It was established in 1972 to focus on four areas as they pertain to the health of Native people: health promotion and disease prevention, legislative and policy analysis, training and technical assistance, and surveillance and research. It serves 43 federally recognized tribes in Oregon , Washington and Idaho , with each tribe appointing

279-482: Is named after Chief Toke of the Shoalwater Bay Tribe . Toke made the area a summer home for himself and his family, and his presence was first documented there by Lieutenant John Meares after Toke approached Meares' ship in his canoe at the mouth of Willapa Bay in 1788. In 1854, J. F. Barrows settled on Toke Point, but left only a few years later. No other known settlers appeared in the area until

310-538: Is one of the smallest tribes in Washington state. In 2016, there were 373 citizens of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe. In 2005, there were 207 members. In 1992, there were 134 members. In 1985, there were 64 enrolled members. About "half a dozen" of the enrolled members lived on the reservation around 2010. The ancestral tribes of Willapa Bay relied heavily on canoes for transport, and were regarded as expert canoers. However, canoes stopped being produced by members of

341-731: The 43 federally recognized tribes of the Portland Area of Indian Health Service. At the direction of the Board of Delegates, the NWTEC performs research and surveillance programs pertaining to health and quality of life of American Indians and Alaska Natives. The NWTEC receives core funding from the Indian Health Service. In addition, the NWTEC has funding for projects from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and

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372-510: The CDP was $ 12,170. About 39.0% of families and 49.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 83.3% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over. As of the 2020 census there were 158 people, 171 housing units, and 70 families in the CDP. There were 116 White people, 1 African American , 17 Native Americans , 3 Asians , 2 people from some other race, and 19 people from two or more races. 11 people were of Hispanic or Latino origin. The ancestry of Tokeland

403-576: The NPAIHB seeks to support tribes in addressing health problems, to present unified position on health issues facing Indian communities, to provide partnership with Indian Health Services and other governmental organizations, and to advocate for issues related to Indian health. The Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board houses the Northwest Tribal Epidemiology Center (The EpiCenter or NWTEC). The NWTEC provides research, surveillance, training and technical assistance to

434-628: The National Institutes of Health (NIH), along with other federal agencies and non-governmental foundations. The NWTEC's functions and status as Public Health Authorities are outlined in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Indian Health Care Improvement Act (Title 25, Chapter 18 Indian Health Care 161m(2010)) The Portland Area Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Indian Health Service (IHS)

465-592: The Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe, in conjunction with several local, state, and federal agencies, that determined the Tokeland area could be hit by a tsunami 10-foot tall (3.0 m) within a range of 10 to 22 minutes after an ensuing high-magnitude earthquake. This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Tokeland has

496-636: The Shoalwater Bay Indians attended the signing of the Chehalis River Treaty . However, leaders of the tribes living in Willapa Bay refused to sign the treaty, returning to their lands to continue their traditional lifestyles. Eleven years later, on September 22, 1866, [[Andrew Johnson]] issued an executive order that created a reservation at nám̓sč̓ac̓ , the location of a former Lower Chehalis village. By this time, thirty to forty Indian families remained at Willapa Bay. The order set aside

527-636: The United States. In honor of a tribal elder who guided the project to completion, the council bestowed the tower the nickname, "Auntie Lee". Tokeland is located in Willapa Bay , by the mouth of the Cedar River . According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total area of 0.5 square miles (1.3 km ), all of it land. During early talks to build a tsunami evacuation tower, studies were undertaken by

558-419: The age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.8% were non-families. 38.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.84. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 20.1% under

589-456: The age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 18.0% from 25 to 44, 34.5% from 45 to 64, and 21.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.7 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $ 24,531, and the median income for a family was $ 30,208. Males had a median income of $ 14,327 versus $ 0 for females. The per capita income for

620-676: The arrival of George Brown in 1858. In 1885, Brown's daughter Lizzie, and her husband, William Kindred, built a home that became the Kindred Inn, and eventually as the Tokeland Hotel. When the town's first post office was established in 1894, the Kindreds operated it, and continued doing so for 17 years. Lizzie Kindred was also partial owner of the Tokeland Oyster Company when it opened in 1905. Tokeland became

651-460: The nation during The Great Depression , caused a decline in the area's tourism industry in the 1930s and 1940s. The area's economy received a small boost starting in the 1950s, as recreational boating and fishing, combined with a surge in once-dwindling oyster harvests, rekindled many businesses. This led to the Port of Willapa Harbor making many improvements to Tokeland, including the 1974 addition of

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682-545: The nearby community of Ocosta . In the 1990s, the tribe ranked as one of the poorest in the state, with ninety percent of tribal members living below the poverty line . The Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe is part of the Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board . They provide medical care for American Indian and Alaska Native people, as well as local non-Native people. Their tribal clinic serves 890 people. The Shoalwater Bay Tribe

713-472: The peoples of Shoalwater Bay spoke Lower Chehalis, a Salishan (Coast/Tsamosan) language. Tokeland, Washington Tokeland is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pacific County , Washington , United States. The population was 158 at the 2020 census , a slight increase from 151 at the 2010 census . The town was named after Chief Toke , an Indian chief of the 19th century. Tokeland

744-518: The reservation population is employed, and 80.4 percent have health care coverage. Only 3.6 percent have earned a bachelor's degree or higher. The tribe operates the Shoalwater Bay Casino , which opened in 1998. The tribe also operates a police force, library, wellness center, oyster company, and a recreation center. Many tribal members work in nearby cranberry bogs and in the fishing and crabbing industries. Children attend school in

775-464: The southwest coast of Washington in northwestern Pacific County , along the northern shores of Willapa Bay . The reservation is 2.693 km (1.0397 sq mi) large. It had 70 residents in 2000. In 2020, 82 people lived on the reservation. The reservation was established in 1866. In 2010, there were "about half a dozen" Indigenous families living on the reservation. As of 2020, the reservation has 32 households living in 41 housing units. Sixty percent of

806-462: The tribe relinquished its claim to eight acres of land given by the US government to an American citizen in 1872. The tribe was given $ 1,000,000 for the claim. Between 1988 and 1998, the tribe went through a health crisis in which an "alarming" number of pregnancies, between 25 and 66 percent, were resulting in stillbirths, miscarriages, and infant deaths. No cause was ever officially identified, although it

837-567: The tribe since the late 19th century. On August 23, 2008, the Shoalwater Bay tribe built canoes for the first time since the 1800s, participating in a canoe journey with the Chinook Indian Nation and Confederated Tribes of the Grande Ronde from Toke Point to Bay Center . Historically, the peoples of Willapa Bay spoke Lower Chinook , Lower Chehalis , and likely Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie , an Athabaskan language . By 1879,

868-589: Was $ 19,167, and married couples had $ 28,611. 23.9% of the population were older than 65. Tokeland is home to the Tokeland Hotel , recognized as the oldest such venue in the state. Built in 1899 as an addition to an existing farmhouse, the hotel began as the Kindred Inn and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board The Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board (NPAIHB)

899-407: Was 15.1% Polish , 9.8% Norwegian , 5.9% Irish , and 3.9% German . The median age was 37 years old. 29.3% of the population spoke a language at home that was a 'other' language, i.e. not English , Spanish , nor Indo-European or an asian language. 24.9% of the population were older than 65, with 20% being between the ages of 65 to 74, and 4.9% being older than 85. The median household income

930-472: Was appointed chief before him. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe remained unrecognized by the federal government. In the 1960s, negotiations began between the Shoalwater Bay Indians and the United States. Eventually, on March 10, 1971, the Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe was recognized by the US government, maintaining their sovereignty. The Shoalwater Bay Tribe adopted their constitution shortly after, on May 22. In 1984,

961-661: Was associated with a lack of prenatal care. The crisis resulted in increased awareness and federal funding for tribal members' health care. In February 2006, the American Museum of Natural History in New York was issued a NAGPRA notice, as they held the remains of eight people who were likely of Shoalwater origin. The Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe is governed by the General Council, which consists of all enrolled members 18 years of age or older. The Tribal Council

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