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105-503: Asch was born Szalom Asz in Kutno , Congress Poland , to Moszek Asz (1825, Gąbin – 1905, Kutno), a cattle-dealer and innkeeper, and Frajda Malka, née Widawska (born 1850, Łęczyca ). Frajda was Moszek's second wife; his first wife Rude Shmit died in 1873, leaving him with either six or seven children (the exact number is unknown). Sholem was the fourth of the ten children that Moszek and Frajda Malka had together. Moszek would spend all week on

210-736: A forced labor camp operated in the area from January 1942 until January 1945. In 1943, 31 members of the Polish resistance were sentenced by the Germans in Dresden , 24 of them to death and executed there. On 19 January 1945, the Red Army arrived in Kutno, ending the German occupation , and the town was restored to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which remained in power until

315-570: A 12-volume set of his collected works. In 1932 he was awarded the Polish Republic 's Polonia Restituta decoration and was elected honorary president of the Yiddish PEN Club . In 1930, when Asch was at the height of his fame and popularity, he moved to Nice , then almost immediately moved back to Poland and spent months touring the countryside to do research for his next novel: Der tehilim-yid ( Salvation ). He then moved into

420-406: A cast that included the acclaimed Jewish immigrant actor Rudolph Schildkraut. Its run was cut short on March 6, when the entire cast, producer Harry Weinberger, and one of the owners of the theater were indicted for violating the state's Penal Code, and later convicted on charges of obscenity . Weinberger, who was also a prominent attorney, represented the group at the trial. The chief witness against

525-582: A circulation of 7,000 and falling. As the influence of the Socialist Party in both American politics and in the Jewish community waned, the paper joined the American liberal mainstream though it maintained a social democratic orientation. The English version has some standing in the Jewish community as an outlet of liberal policy analysis. For a period in the 1990s, conservatives came to the fore of

630-708: A dormitory for over 200 players. Sports club City Stadium in Kutno on Tadeusz Kościuszki St. is named by Henryk Reyman . Kutno cooperates with various cities and regions in Europe. For instance with Bat Yam city in Israel ( Szalom Asz festival connects both towns). Thanks to Commune Association of Kutno Region town maintains relationship with the English county Northumberland . The Forward The Forward ( Yiddish : פֿאָרווערטס , romanized :  Forverts ), formerly known as The Jewish Daily Forward ,

735-552: A financially successful setting. He only returned, he later recalled in his memoir, upon the promise of "absolute full power" over the editorial desk. The circulation of the paper, which was described as "one of the first national newspapers," grew quickly, paralleling the rapid growth of the Yiddish speaking population of the United States. By 1912 its circulation was 120,000, and by the late 1920s/early 1930s, The Forward

840-638: A green bulrush. The Battle of the Bzura river took place from 9 to 12 September 1939 during the German invasion of Poland , which started World War II . On 9 September the Poznań Army ( Armia Poznań ) operational group, led by General Edmund Knoll-Kownacki , attacked the German 8th Army led by General Johannes Blaskowitz . On 11 September Poland's Pomorze Army reinforced the Polish troops in battle. At first,

945-572: A head figure. Asch had no desire to take Peretz's place, moving to Bellevue, France after years and continuing to write regularly for Yiddish papers in the US and Poland. In Bellevue, he wrote his 1929–31 trilogy Farn Mabul. ( Before the Flood , translated as Three Cities ) describes early 20th century Jewish life in Saint Petersburg , Warsaw, and Moscow. Ever the traveller, Asch took many trips to

1050-552: A house outside of Nice and rebuilt it as the "Villa Shalom," with luxuries such as a study facing the sea, a swimming pool, a bowling green, and an orchard. In 1935, he visited America at the Joint Committee's request to raise funds for Jewish relief in Europe. Asch's next work, Bayrn Opgrunt (1937, translated as The Precipice ), is set in Germany during the hyperinflation of the 1920s. Dos Gezang fun Tol ( The Song of

1155-575: A lesbian scene. I. L. Peretz famously said of the play after reading it: "Burn it, Asch, burn it!" Instead, Asch went to Berlin to pitch it to director Max Reinhardt and actor Rudolph Schildkraut , who produced it at the Deutsches Theater. God of Vengeance opened on March 19, 1907 and ran for six months, and soon was translated and performed in a dozen European languages. The play was first brought to New York City by David Kessler in 1907. The audience mostly came for Kessler, and they booed

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1260-465: A lesson and the presence of locals at the execution was compulsory; even the families of the executed were there. On 19 March 1942, the ghetto was closed. All Jews, in alphabetical order, were deported to Koło and then to the Chełmno extermination camp . The 6,000 Jewish inhabitants of Kutno were killed there, while elder people who had been ghetto administrators were killed in Kutno itself. Additionally,

1365-644: A letter writer for the illiterate townspeople. It is in Włocławek where he became enamored with the work of prominent Yiddish writer I. L. Peretz . It is also where he began writing. He attempted to master the short story and wrote in Hebrew. What he wrote there would later be revised, translated into Yiddish, and ultimately, launch his career. In 1899, he moved to Warsaw where he met I. L. Peretz and other young writers under Peretz's mentorship such as David Pinski , Abraham Reisen , and Hersh Dovid Nomberg . Influenced by

1470-849: A million views. On January 17, 2019, the publication announced it would discontinue its print edition and only publish its English and Yiddish editions online. Layoffs of its editor-in-chief and 20% of its editorial staff were also announced. Jodi Rudoren was named editor in July 2019, and took charge in September 2019. The Forward ' s contributors include journalists Abigail Pogrebin , Debra Nussbaum Cohen, Sam Kestenbaum, and Ilene Prushner ; opinion columnist Deborah Lipstadt ; art critics Anya Ulinich and Jackson Arn ; and cartoonist Liana Finck . The first issue of Forverts appeared on April 22, 1897, in New York City. The paper

1575-701: A popular stereotype at the time. Other intellectuals criticized the writing itself, claiming that the second act was beautifully written but the first and third acts failed to support it. God of Vengeance was published in English-language translation in 1918. In 1922, it was staged in New York City at the Provincetown Theatre in Greenwich Village , and moved to the Apollo Theatre on Broadway on February 19, 1923, with

1680-632: A prominent role in the American Jewry's relief efforts in Europe for Jewish war victims. He was a founding member of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee . After a series of pogroms in Lithuania in 1919, Asch visited the country as representative of the Joint Committee, and he suffered a nervous breakdown due to the shock of the horrors he witnessed. His Kiddush ha-Shem (1919), chronicling

1785-530: A ten-story office building at 175 East Broadway on the Lower East Side , designed by architect George Boehm and completed in 1912. It was a prime location, across the street from Seward Park . The building was embellished with marble columns and panels and stained glass windows. The facade features carved bas relief portraits of Karl Marx , Friedrich Engels (who co-authored, with Marx, The Communist Manifesto ), and Ferdinand Lassalle , founder of

1890-612: A trade and industry center. Directly before and during the period of the January Uprising , Kutno was the seat of the head of the Gostynin province. During the January Uprising, clashes between Polish insurgents and Russian troops took place in Kutno on 1–2 July and 8 August 1863. In 1867, Kutno district was formed. This state endured until World War I outbreak. In 1886, on the place of the former Gothic church,

1995-484: A weekly established in 1890 by the fledgling Jewish trade union movement centered in the United Hebrew Trades , as a vehicle for bringing socialist and trade unionist ideas to Yiddish-speaking immigrants, primarily from eastern Europe. This paper had been merged into a new Yiddish daily called Dos Abend Blatt (The Evening Paper) as its weekend supplement when that publication was launched in 1894 under

2100-499: A writer but also openly attacked him for promoting Christianity . He subsequently started writing for a communist paper, Morgen frayhayt , leading to repeated questioning by the House Committee on Un-American Activities . In 1953, Chaim Lieberman published The Christianity of Sholem Asch, a scathing criticism of Asch and his Christological trilogy that disgusted even some of Asch's strongest critics. Lieberman's book, and

2205-651: Is a 2015 play written by Paula Vogel that recounts the controversy of God of Vengeance . It opened on Broadway at the Cort Theater in April 2017, directed by Rebecca Taichman . Asch attended the Czernowitz Yiddish Language Conference of 1908, which declared Yiddish to be "a national language of the Jewish people." He traveled to Palestine in 1908 and the United States in 1910, a place about which he felt deeply ambivalent. In

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2310-476: Is an American news media organization for a Jewish American audience. Founded in 1897 as a Yiddish -language daily socialist newspaper, The New York Times reported that Seth Lipsky "started an English-language offshoot of the Yiddish-language newspaper" as a weekly newspaper in 1990. In the 21st century The Forward is a digital publication with online reporting . In 2016, the publication of

2415-446: Is located on the edge of four historical lands. Greater Poland , Kuyavia , Masovia , and Łęczyca . It is located in what is virtually the center of Poland , at a point where geographical and historical borders, as well as in the crossing of communication lines, are of major importance to the development of the city. Kutno has maintained the administrative units of a town (Districts, housing developments ), although certain parts of

2520-504: Is published by an independent nonprofit association. The Yiddish Forward ( Forverts ) is a clearinghouse for the latest developments in the Yiddish world with almost daily news reports related to Yiddish language and culture as well as videos of cooking demonstrations, Yiddish humor and new songs. A Yiddish rendition of the Leonard Cohen song " Hallelujah ", translated and performed by klezmer musician Daniel Kahn , garnered over

2625-485: Is similar to that of the entire lowland region of Poland . The temperature is influenced by continental and oceanic airflow patterns. Kutno is in the lowest zone of precipitation in Poland . It averages 550 mm (21.65 in) per year, but this can be significantly lower in some years. This is a problem for Kutno, exacerbated by low forest cover and intensive agriculture in the area. Kutno has about five storms during

2730-612: Is the capital of Kutno County in the Łódź Voivodeship . During the invasion of Poland in 1939, Polish armies under General Tadeusz Kutrzeba conducted an offensive in and around Kutno, that was later named the Battle of the Bzura . Based on its central location and the intersection of multiple rail lines, Kutno is an important railroad junction in Poland. Two main lines cross there ( Łódź – Toruń and Warsaw – Poznań – Berlin ). Another connection also starts in Kutno, which connects

2835-586: Is the part of Middle– Masovia macro region. At the south of Kutno plain, Kutno straddles the boundary of the Łowicko – Błońska plain, which belongs to the same region and the Kłodawa Upland plain, which spreads in the west and is counted in the southern Greater Poland . To the north of the Przedecz – Gostynin line Kujawskie lakeland begins, which is included in the Greater Poland lakeland. Kutno

2940-585: The Fall of Communism in the end of the 1980s. Cultural institutions resumed activity during first years after the liberation. Firstly, posts that had existed before 1939 were reopened. In June 1945 the Kutno District Public Library was opened. Thanks to donations by the public and the regaining of books that had been kept during the War, the library's collection grew rapidly. The public library

3045-541: The Financial District as of 2020 . The "Forward 50" is a list of 50 Jewish Americans "who have made a significant impact on the Jewish story in the past year", published annually as an editorial opinion of The Forward since 1994. The list was the initiative of Seth Lipsky , founding editor of the English Forward . According to the magazine's website, this is not a scientific study, but rather

3150-675: The Haskalah (Jewish Enlightenment), Asch initially wrote in Hebrew , but Peretz convinced him to switch to Yiddish. Asch's reputation was established in 1902 with his first book of stories, In a shlekhter tsayt ( In a Bad Time ). In 1903, he married Mathilde Shapiro, the daughter of the Polish-Jewish teacher and poet Menahem Mendel Shapiro . In 1904, Asch released one of his most well-known works, A shtetl , an idyllic portrait of traditional Polish-Jewish life. In January 1905, he released

3255-616: The International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union ; Benjamin Schlesinger , a former president of the ILGWU, became the general manager of the paper in 1923, then returned to the presidency of the union in 1928. The paper was also an early supporter of David Dubinsky , Schlesinger's eventual successor. In 1933–34, The Forward was the first to publish Fred Beal 's eyewitness reports of bureaucratic privilege and of famine in

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3360-721: The Katyn massacre in April–May 1940 or died in Soviet camps. Subsequently, the Germans created a ghetto in Kutno on 15 June 1940. The entire area of a former sugar factory ("Hortensja" or "Konstancja" according to various sources) was surrounded by barbed wire. On the first day, the Poles were forbidden to leave their houses, while the Jews were forced to take all their belongings and proceed to

3465-822: The Kutno Rose Festival takes place at the Kutno House of Culture, which has long been a center of cultural events in Kutno. In 1990 formula of the fair has been changed as well as its name: from The "Rose Fair" to " The Rose Festival " In 1996 International Little League Baseball Tournament took place in Kutno. Since that time Kutno is the world-famous seat of the European Little League Baseball Center. On 18 August 1998 Higher School of Economics has been opened in Kutno in 7th Lelewel St. In 1999 because of an administrative resolution , Kutno district once again become part of

3570-487: The Marshal Piłsudski square Polish – Soviet brotherhood was constructed, depicting two persons: Red Army soldier and People's Army of Poland soldier shaking hands with each other. After the monument had been constructed incidents such as vandalism and defacing it with paint by local high school students occurred. They were part of the group called "Bloody Hawk" ("Krwawy Jastrząb"). In 1968 Kazimierz Jóźwiak, who

3675-627: The McCarthy Hearings , led Asch and his wife to leave the US in 1953, whereafter they split their time between London (where their daughter lived), continental Europe, and Israel. Asch spent most of his last two years in Bat Yam near Tel Aviv , Israel, in a house that the mayor had invited him to build, but died in London at his desk writing. Due to his controversies, his funeral in London

3780-719: The Russian and the German . The Russians lost the battle, and the loss of Kutno provided the Germans with a direct access to Warsaw . In 1915, a local parish priest Franciszek Pruski was executed by a firing squad. A plaque commemoratinf this event has been placed in the St. John the Baptist church. Many Kutno inhabitants took part in the Polish- Bolshevik War. They also fought in the Siberian Division . After

3885-573: The Treaties of Tilsit , Kutno became part of the Duchy of Warsaw . An 1808 fire, most likely set by Napoleon's army, destroyed 180 houses. In 1809 Kutno was visited by Jan Henryk Dąbrowski . After 1815, the area was incorporated into the Congress Kingdom of Poland . In 1826, the first town map was published due to the planned rebuilding of the town. In 1826, Fryderyk Chopin travelled through

3990-534: The Łódź province after 24 years. In 2001, Królewska St. and Marshal Józef Piłsudski Square were renovated. As a result of decisions made in the 1970s, industry investments began being located in the eastern part of Kutno - Sklęczki - now Kutno Agro-Industrial Park. The decisive factor was access to the A2 motorway and the presence of a system of sidings connected with the E20 railway. KAIP began in 1996 during construction of

4095-551: The "Forward Shortlist" instead, which named seven people. In celebration of the magazine's 125th anniversary in 2022, the "Forward 125" was introduced, a list of the 125 most influential American Jews from 1897 to 2022. In 2022, The Forward published its list of "The 125 greatest Jewish movie scenes of all time." The Forward began publishing in English in the 1980s, and a 2019 review observed that both Yiddish and English were being produced for its online edition. Funding for

4200-407: The English edition of the paper, but the break from tradition did not last. (A number of conservatives dismissed from The Forward later helped to found the modern New York Sun .) The Yiddish edition has recently enjoyed a modest increase in circulation as courses in the language have become more popular among university students; circulation has leveled out at about 5,500. Boris Sandler , one of

4305-656: The European Little League Baseball Center. In 1984, Juan Echevarria Motola, a Cuban living in Kutno, started teaching baseball to groups of young people. Therefore, a baseball section of "Stal Kutno" club was created. It is the biggest youth center of baseball in Europe. The European Baseball Championship is hosted annually in various age categories. The complex consists of two lighted stadiums that have enough space to hold up to two thousand spectators named for Edward Piszka and Stan Musial . The complex also includes three training fields and

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4410-620: The Forward Publishing Association were Louis Miller and Abraham Cahan . These two founding fathers of The Forward were quick to enlist in the ranks of a new rival socialist political party founded in 1897, the Social Democratic Party of America , founded by the nationally famous leader of the 1894 American Railway Union strike, Eugene V. Debs , and Victor L. Berger , a German-speaking teacher and newspaper publisher from Milwaukee . Both joined

4515-685: The German Wehrmacht moved into Kutno, bombarding trains, the railway station, and houses throughout the district. At the junction of what is now Kochanowski Street and Maja Street, a German saboteur laid down a target for the bombers bombing the railway station. The area was annexed directly to Germany, and administratively became part of the Third Reich's Reichsgau Wartheland , within the district/county ( kreis ) of Kutno. In December 1939 expulsions began in accordance with Nazi Germany's racial and ethnic policies , which aimed to make

4620-547: The Hebrew Bible and three on New Testament figures. Smaller groupings included works on the Holocaust and modern Israel. His work was not easily categorized, and straddled the lines between romanticism and realism, naturalism and idealism. Kutno Kutno [ˈkutnɔ] is a city located in central Poland with 42,704 inhabitants (2021) and an area of 33.6 km (13.0 sq mi). It

4725-546: The Jewish relationship with the outside world. Some of his most frequent recurring themes were: man's faith, goodness, and generosity. He was repelled and intrigued by Christian violence, and inspired by Jewish martyrdom and survival. Asch reflected on cosmopolitan interests and concern for the people and conditions he encountered. His fiction can mostly be put into three categories: tales, novels and plays of Eastern European Jewish life (Polish mostly); tales and novels of Jewish life in America; five biblical novels: two on figures in

4830-448: The Jewish world. At his friend's house, Sholem would explore these new ideas by secretly reading many secular books, which led him to believe himself too worldly to become a rabbi. At age 17, his parents found out about this "profane" literature and sent him to live with relatives in a nearby village, where he became a Hebrew teacher. After a few months there, he received a more liberal education at Włocławek , where he supported himself as

4935-464: The National Center for Food Processing and Distribution . Construction was led by the Urban Institute and the U.S. Agency for International Development and was opened in 1998. KAIP is constructed on 370 hectares, and now has over 60 businesses of local and foreign capital operate within its boundaries. Nearly 6,000 people are employed here. The food industry, packaging, plastics processing, manufacturing of agricultural equipment, and pharmaceuticals are

5040-400: The Orthodox papers. Even Yiddish intellectuals and the play's supporters had problems with the play's inauthentic portrayal of Jewish tradition, especially Yankl's use of the Torah, which they said Asch seemed to be using mostly for cheap effects; they also expressed concern over how it might stigmatize Jewish people who already faced much anti-Semitism. The association with Jews and sex work was

5145-441: The Polish assault was successful but the Germans reinforced their troops on 12 September and started to counterattack. General Tadeusz Kutrzeba ordered Knoll to retreat beyond the Bzura river. Kutno remained outside the battle area. Despite the ultimate defeat of Polish army , the Battle of the Bzura river made the Germans change their strategy and regroup and also delayed the capitulation of Warsaw . On 16 September 1939,

5250-409: The SDP in July 1897. Despite this political similarity, Miller and Cahan differed as to the political orientation of the paper and Cahan left after just four months to join the staff of The Commercial Advertiser, a well-established Republican newspaper also based in New York City. For the next four years, until 1901, Cahan remained outside of The Forward office, learning the newspaper trade in

5355-439: The Soviet Union, accounts of the kind that much of the liberal and left-wing press disparaged and resisted. His story corroborated that of the paper's labor editor, Harry Lang, who had visited Soviet Ukraine. In response to the first reports of atrocities against the Jewish population of German-occupied Poland , special correspondent A. Brodie complained of exaggerated dispatches and lack of facts. But as accounts accumulated in

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5460-439: The Soviet Union, Palestine and the United States. He always held painters in high regard and formed close friendships with the like of Isaac Lichtenstein, Marc Chagall , Emil Orlik , and Jules Pascin . He spoke to the hundreds of mourners at Pascin's funeral after the painter died by suicide. Asch was a celebrated writer in his own lifetime. In 1920, in honor of his 40th birthday, a committee headed by Judah L. Magnes published

5565-500: The St. Lawrence Church (designed in a neo-Gothic style by Konstantyn Wojciechowski) was built. On 5 January 1904, the Polish writer Henryk Sienkiewicz , a Nobel prize laureate, stayed in the Town Theatre, which was the seat of the Fire Brigade at that time. Income from his lecture was given to the poor children of Kutno. After his speech, a ball was held, to which only men were allowed, while women could watch it only from open windows. The famous Jewish writer(Polish Jews) Szalom Asz

5670-509: The Talmud, and would later study the Bible and the Haggadah on his own time. Asch grew up in a majority Jewish town, so he grew up believing Jews were the majority in the rest of the world as well. In Kutno, Jews and gentiles mostly got along, barring some tension around religious holidays. He had to sneak through a majority gentile area to get to a lake where he loved to swim, where he was once cornered by boys wielding sticks and dogs, who demanded he admit to killing "Christ"–which Asch did not, at

5775-453: The Valley ) is about the halutzim (Jewish-Zionist pioneers in Palestine), and reflects his 1936 visit to that region. Asch visited Palestine again in 1936. Then, in 1939, he returned to Villa Shalom for the last time. He delayed leaving Europe until the last possible moment, then reluctantly returned to the United States. On his second sojourn in the US, Asch first lived in Stamford, Connecticut, then moved to Miami Beach, where he stayed until

5880-400: The Yiddish version changed its print format from a biweekly newspaper to a monthly magazine; the English weekly paper followed suit in 2017. Those magazines were published until 2019. The Forward ' s perspective on world and national news and its reporting on the centrist Jewish perspective on modern United States have made it one of the most influential American Jewish publications. It

5985-418: The anti-Jewish and anti-Polish Chmielnicki Uprising in mid-17th century Ukraine and Poland, is one of the earliest historical novels in modern Yiddish literature . In 1920, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. Asch returned to Poland in 1923, visiting Germany frequently. The Yiddish literary circle hoped he would stay in Poland, because I. L. Peretz's death in 1915 had left them devoid of

6090-412: The auspices of the Socialist Labor Party (SLP). As this publication established itself, it came under increased political pressure from the de facto head of the SLP, Daniel De Leon , who attempted to maintain a rigid ideological line with respect to its content. It was this centralizing political pressure which had been the motivating factor for a new publication. Chief among the dissident socialists of

6195-435: The biggest settlements in central Poland . The Second Partition of Poland occurred in 1793. Kutno had been completely under Prussian control and became part of the newly created province of South Prussia. The whole province of Kutno became part of the Łęczyca department, then after the Third Partition , it became part of the Warsaw department. On 4 January 1807, Napoleon Bonaparte passed through Kutno. In 1807, under

6300-413: The coldest with average highs of 2 °C (35.6 °F) and lows of −3 °C (26.6 °F). July has the most rainfall with an average of 73mm and January has the least with 30mm. There are indications that the origin of the town may have taken place in the 12th century. The first mention of it was found in a document concerning an endowment of Łęczyca prepositure published due to a consecration of

6405-478: The collegiate church in Łęczyca in the year 1161. According to the local folklore, both the town and the parish came into being in 1250, although official documentation to that effect is lacking. Most probably, the town began to be settled some time between the 12th and the 14th centuries; its name appeared for the first time in a document from the year 1301. The document had been published for his son Ziemysław by Leszek, Przemysł, and Kazimierz – duke of Kuyavia in

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6510-457: The dominant branches. 111 hectares were set aside as part of the Special Economic Zone of Łódź. In 2000, the Town Council created the Łódź Special Economic Zone in Kutno Agro-Industrial park. It was originally 23 hectares and had four zones: Odlewnicza St. (4.24ha), Sklęczkowska St. (6.48 ha), Stalowa I and II (7.87ha and 4.49ha). The Sub-zone has been broadened in the following years: 2002, 2005, twice in 2007 and in 2010. According to data from

6615-540: The early 1950s. He offended Jewish sensibilities with his 1939–1949 trilogy, The Nazarene, The Apostle, and Mary, which dealt with New Testament subjects. Despite accusations of conversion, Asch remained proudly Jewish; he had written the trilogy not as a promotion of Christianity but as an attempt to bridge the gap between Jews and Christians. Much of his readership and the Jewish literary community, however, did not see it that way. His long-standing employer, New York Yiddish newspaper Forverts , not only dropped him as

6720-405: The end of January 2010, the whole area of Kutno sub-zone is 111 hectares. Capital investments of companies operating only in the Kutno sub-zone have exceeded the value of 1 billion PLN over the last 10 years. Kindergartens, elementary schools and middle schools: High schools Higher education Art schools Pastoral services are provided by the following churches: Kutno is the seat of

6825-420: The factory. The German soldiers and SS members beat the Jews standing in the street. Eight thousand people were transferred to the area of the factory, within five buildings. On the first day, crowded and without any first-aid facilities, a few people died. The only food they had was a small amount of potatoes and bread. Prices of extra food were very high. For instance, one kilogram of potatoes cost 40 Pfennig in

6930-402: The fall of 1995 a Russian-language edition of the Forward was launched, under the editorship of Vladimir "Velvl" Yedidowich . The decision to launch a Russian Forward in the crowded market of Russian-language journalism in New York followed approaches to the Forward Association by a number of intellectual leaders in the fast-growing émigré community who expressed an interest in adding a voice that

7035-400: The first female editor in chief of the English Forward in June 2008. The previous editor in chief was J. J. Goldberg , who served from 2000 to 2007; since that time he has been editor at large. The paper maintains a left of center editorial stance. In August 2015, The Forward received wide attention for reporting from Iran at a charged moment in American politics, as the U.S. Congress

7140-437: The first hospital in Kutno was opened, sponsored by Kutno's former owner Feliks Mniewski. A City Hall was built in 1845 in classicistic style. The building, located in the Marshal Piłsudski square, currently serves as the Regional Museum , in which one can see mementos and records from the history of Kutno. In 1862, the Warsaw – Bydgoszcz railway line opened, leading Kutno to become an important railway junction and

7245-399: The first mass German labor party. A fourth relief portrays a person whose identity has not been clearly established, and has been identified as Wilhelm Liebknecht , Karl Liebknecht , or August Bebel . The paper moved out in 1974, and in the real-estate boom of the 1990s the building was converted to condominiums. The Forward , which in 2007 was headquartered at East 33rd Street, is in

7350-414: The first play of his incredibly successful play-writing career, Tsurikgekumen ( Coming Back ). Asch wrote the drama Got fun nekome ( God of Vengeance ) in the winter of 1906 in Cologne, Germany. It is about a Jewish brothel owner who attempts to become respectable by commissioning a Torah scroll and marrying off his daughter to a yeshiva student. Set in a brothel, the play includes Jewish prostitutes and

7455-591: The founder and head of Folkways Records , and Natan Asz/ Nathan Asch (1902, Warsaw – 1964, United States), also a writer. His grandson Michael Asch is an anthropologist , and his great-grandson, David Mazower, is a writer and a BBC Journalist. Many of Asch's father figures are inspired by his own father. Sholem was believed to have adopted much of his own philosophies from his father, such as his love for humanity and his concern for Jewish-Christian reconciliation. He summed up his father's faith as "love of God and love of neighbor". Asch often wrote two kinds of characters:

7560-663: The ghetto, while it was 5 Pfennig in the rest of the town. However, a true nightmare started in winter, when there was not enough firewood, so that the Jews had to burn furniture or scaffolding . In the following year, 1941, due to overcrowding of resettled people and transport difficulties, a concentration camp was established at 7 Przemysłowa St. Due to terrible conditions in the camp, about 10 persons died of dysentery every day. On 9 June 1941, at present-day Wolności Square, three Poles, Kalikst Perkowski, Wilhelm Czernecki and Piotr Sanda, were publicly executed in punishment for smuggling food to Warsaw . Their deaths were intended to be

7665-537: The most significant contemporary secular writers in Yiddish, was the editor of the Yiddish Forward for 18 years, until March 2016; the new editor who succeeded him is Rukhl Schaechter . From 2013 to 2017, prior to the current format as a monthly magazine, The Forward was published as a newspaper in separate English weekly and Yiddish biweekly editions, and online daily. Each was effectively an independent publication with its own contents. Jane Eisner became

7770-480: The opinion of staff members, assisted by nominations from readers. The Forward does not endorse or support any of the people in the listing. The rankings are divided into different categories (which may vary from year to year): Top Picks, Politics, Activism, Religion, Community, Culture, Philanthropy, Scandals, Sports and, as of 2010, Food. The list also includes those Jews whose impact in the past year has been dramatic and damaging. In 2021, The Forward published

7875-479: The pious Jew and the burly worker. This was inspired by his family, as his brothers dealt with peasants and butchers and fit in with the hardy outdoor Jews of Kutno, which Asch had much pride in. His older half-brothers, on the other hand, were pious Hasidim. One of Asch's major goals in his writing was to articulate Jewish life, past and present. He placed the Jew at the center of his every work, along with an awareness of

7980-405: The play was Rabbi Joseph Silberman, who declared in an interview with Forverts : "This play libels the Jewish religion. Even the greatest anti-Semite could not have written such a thing". After a protracted battle, the conviction was successfully appealed. In Europe, the play was popular enough to be translated into German, Russian, Polish, Hebrew, Italian, Czech, Romanian and Norwegian. Indecent

8085-410: The position that Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were guilty but held that the death sentence was too harsh a punishment. By 1962, circulation was down to 56,126 daily and 59,636 Sunday, and by 1983 the newspaper was published only once a week, with an English supplement. In 1990, the English supplement became an independent weekly which by 2000 had a circulation of 26,183, while the Yiddish weekly had

8190-494: The presence of three estate dignitaries as well as other people gathered during a convention in Włocławek . References to Kutno concern the appearance of rector Michał from the church in Kutno on the list of witnesses. In 1386, Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia had given to Andrzej de Kutno the privilege of freeing Kutno and Sieciechów villages from all charges and burdens excluding two coins ( grosz ) out of every crop fee. The role of

8295-455: The provincial courts was transferred to the Duke. In 1386, the village of Kutno was given trade and town rights, and 46 years later, in 1432 a municipal town charter . The first records that define Kutno as a town appeared in 1444. Kutno was historically famous for its rose fair which after 1989 changed its name into The Festival of Roses/The Rose Festival. 1 July 1504: Mikołaj of Kutno gained

8400-480: The pursuit of a safe haven from the violence in Europe, he and his family moved to the United States in 1914, moving around New York City for a while before settling in Staten Island . In New York, he began to write for Forverts , the mass-circulation Yiddish daily that had also covered his plays, a job provided both income and an intellectual circle. Asch became increasingly active in public life and played

8505-492: The rest of the cast. The New York production sparked a major press war between local Yiddish papers, led by the Orthodox Tageplatt and even the secular Forverts . Orthodox papers referred to God of Vengeance as "filthy," "immoral," and "indecent," while radical papers described it as "moral," "artistic," and "beautiful". Some of the more provocative scenes in the production were changed, but it wasn't enough for

8610-536: The right to hold the St. Wawrzyniec fair, improving the development of the town's trade. In 1701, the Kucieński family gave up Kutno to Anna Zamojska. The Zamoyski family fought amongst themselves for the property for a long time. The town fell into debt but the situation had normalized when Andrzej Hieronim Zamoyski became the owner of Kutno. During that time Kutno was a town of prosperity and development. A route connecting Warsaw with Poznań and Dresden ran through

8715-533: The road and return home every Friday in time for the Sabbath. He was known to be a very charitable man who would dispense money to the poor. Born into a Hasidic family, Sholem Asch received a traditional Jewish education. Considered the designated scholar of his siblings, his parents dreamed of him becoming a rabbi and sent him to the town's best religious school (or cheder ), where the wealthy families sent their children. There, he spent most of his childhood studying

8820-529: The time, know to be a name for Jesus–or they would rip his coat. He admitted to killing Christ out of fear, but they beat him and tore his coat anyway. Asch never lost his fear of dogs from that incident. In his adolescence, after moving from the cheder to the House of Study, Sholem became aware of major social changes in popular Jewish thinking. New ideas and the Enlightenment were asserting themselves in

8925-930: The town are simply called housing developments (e.g.: Łąkoszyn housing development). These divisions are mostly historical references. For instance, the Łąkoszyn housing development is part of what remains of the town of Łąkoszyn town which was incorporated to Kutno. The following parts of Kutno have been formulated in the National Register of Country's Administrative Division: Antoniew, Azory, Bielawki, Dybów, Kościuszków, Kotliska Małe, Łąkoszyn, Puśniki, Sklęczki, Stara Wieś, Stodółki, Walentynów, Wiktoryn, Żwirownia. Customary Administrative Division of Kutno: Dybów, Piaski, Rejtana, Tarnowskiego, Kościuszków, Olimpijska, Sklęczki, Łąkoszyn (New Łąkoszyn – houses and Old Łąkoszyn – housing development ), Majdany, Grunwald, Batorego, Rataje (between Solidarność roundabout, Targowica and The Kutno House of Culture). The climate of Kutno

9030-581: The town in the 18th century and King Augustus III of Poland often traveled that route. The town's prestige increased after King Augustus III of Poland ordered the construction of the Postal Palace and consequently, the Saxon Palace was built. It was constructed between 1750 and 1753, after a royal track leading from Dresden to Warsaw had been built. The palace was decorated with rich interiors according to John M Walter's plans. In 1753, Kutno

9135-428: The town population purely German . People were forced to leave their houses early in the morning with only an hour's notice and could take only 50 kg (110 lb) of baggage and a small amount of money. Expulsion was very often carried out with violence. People were transported by trucks or wagons and then in sealed trains. The trip was up to eight days long, in terrible conditions. Poles from Kutno were also among

9240-423: The town to Płock . Kutno is located in the northern part of the Łódź Voivodeship and is 20 kilometres (12 miles) to the northwest of the geographical center of Poland . According to the data from 1 January 2009, the area of the town amounts to 33.59 square kilometres (12.97 sq mi). According to the physical–geographic division of Poland , the town is placed on the western edge of Kutno plain, which

9345-664: The town. In 1840, a chapel was built which later became the Museum of the Battle of the Bzura river. Built in the Neo-Renaissance style and rotunda shape and crowned with a dome, it is part of the Wiosny Ludów park. It formerly served as a mausoleum for the Rzątkowski and Mniewski families. Another fire destroyed nearly all of the houses on Królewska St. Only two buildings remained – nowadays Crocantino and MDM. In 1844,

9450-578: The victims of a massacre carried out by the German police in February 1940 near Gostynin (see Nazi crimes against the Polish nation ). On 14 April 1940, during the AB-Aktion , most of the Polish teachers from the Kutno district were arrested. Only a few survived having had left their houses earlier or having been prewarned. At least 173 Poles from Kutno and the county were murdered by the Soviets in

9555-530: The war, hundreds of 15-year-old boys enlisted in the Army Mining Corps, today known as the miner–soldiers. From April 1919 to January 1921, a future French president Charles de Gaulle stayed in Kutno, as an instructor with the French military mission under general Louis Faury . On 5 March 1938, Kutno received its blazon , which depicts two rampant wild boars on the yellow background, leaning against

9660-589: The winter of 1939-40 of mass arrests, forced labor, massacres, executions and expulsions, the paper discerned the outline of the unfolding Holocaust . The best-known writer in the Yiddish Forward was Isaac Bashevis Singer , who received the Nobel Prize in Literature . Other well known contributors included Leon Trotsky , S.L. Shneiderman , and Morris Winchevsky . In 1953, The Forward took

9765-534: The year (about half of the national average). Snow falls, on average, 39 days in a year. There are about 21 foggy days during the year in the municipal area. But near the Ochnia river fog occurs quite often. On average there are 50 sunny and 130 cloudy days every year. The wind comes mostly from the west, veering southwest in winter and northwest in summer. July and August are the hottest months with average highs of 24  °C (75.20  °F ). December and January are

9870-529: Was a choreographer and manager as well as director of the Kutno House of Culture founded the "Song and Dance of Kutno`s Land Band" ("Zespół Pieśni i Tańca Ziemi Kutnowskiej"). In 1971, the former Town Hall at the Marshal Piłsudski square Kutno Regional Museum was reopened. In 1975, the city was adjoined to the Płock Voivodeship and would remain so for the next 23 years. Annually, since September 1975,

9975-412: Was a leading U.S. metropolitan daily with considerable influence and a nationwide circulation of more than 275,000 though this had dropped to 170,000 by 1939 as a result of changes in U.S. immigration policy that restricted the immigration of Jews to a trickle. Early on, The Forward defended trade unionism and moderate, democratic socialism. The paper was a significant participant in the activities of

10080-457: Was and still is fulfilling its important role in broadening culture. Because of developed railway and road trails, Kutno has been attractive for investors. Among the many branches of industry in Kutno, the most important was the electronics industry. In 1957 Radio Components Company Miflex opened, and would eventually employ over three thousand people. The Company is one of the important distributors of capacitors , anti- interference filters. At

10185-560: Was born in Kutno in 1880. In his collection of short stories "Miasteczko" ("The Town"), he described the situation of Jewish people from this town – Kutno. Every two years, the town holds the Szalom Asz Festival, which includes a literary contest about his works. In the 19th c. Kutno was a center of a sizeable Jewish community. In 1900, 10,356 Jews lived there. From 15 to 16 October 1914, the Battle of Kutno took place between

10290-528: Was completely burned, resulting in the loss of the town records along with the settlement grant. After the fire, the King's Lord Councillor Andrzej Zamoyski left Kutno in order to obtain another settlement grant, however, the town suffered another fire due to one of many army march-passes in 1774 and easygoing attitude of soldiers. In 1775, Andrzej Zamoyski sold Kutno to Stanisław Kostka Gadomski – governor of Łęczyca province. Under his reign, Kutno became one of

10395-505: Was founded by a group of about 50 Yiddish -speaking socialists who had organized three months earlier as the Forward Publishing Association. The paper's name, as well as its political orientation, was borrowed from the German Social Democratic Party and its organ Vorwärts . Forverts was a successor to New York's first Yiddish-language socialist newspaper, Di Arbeter Tsaytung ( The Workman's Paper ),

10500-569: Was nominated for a James Beard Foundation Award and won nine Rockower Awards . The Forward won two Religion News Association Awards and 34 Rockower Awards in 2021. In 2022, the Forward won two Religion News Association Awards and a record of 43 Rockower Awards. In 2023, the American Jewish Press Association awarded The Forward 33 Rockower Awards. At the peak of its circulation, The Forward erected

10605-475: Was ramping up to a vote on an accord reached the month before to limit Tehran's nuclear ability in return for lifting international oil and financial sanctions. Assistant Managing Editor Larry Cohler-Esses was, in the words of The New York Times , "The first journalist from an American Jewish pro-Israel publication to be given an Iranian visa since 1979." For a few years, there was also a Russian edition. The website of The Forward describes its formation: "In

10710-634: Was renamed the Forum . Around the same time in 2004, the Forward Association also sold off its interest in WEVD to The Walt Disney Company 's sports division, ESPN . The name of the publication was shortened to The Forward in April 2015. As of July 2016, The Forward began publishing a monthly magazine. The last newspaper published was the June 30, 2016, issue. For 24 years, The Forward

10815-701: Was small. His house in Bat Yam is now the Sholem Asch Museum and part of the MoBY-Museums of Bat Yam complex of three museums. The bulk of his library, containing rare Yiddish books and manuscripts, as well as the manuscripts of some of his own works, is held at Yale University . Although many of his works are no longer read today, his best works have proven to be standards of Jewish and Yiddish literature. His sons were Moszek Asz/ Moses "Moe" Asch (2 December 1905, Warsaw – 19 October 1986, United States),

10920-454: Was strongly Jewish, yet with a secular, social-democratic orientation and an appreciation for the cultural dimension of Jewish life." The Russian edition was sold to RAJI (Russian American Jews for Israel) in 2004, although initially it kept the name. In contrast to its English counterpart, the Russian edition and its readership were more sympathetic to right-wing voices. In March 2007, it

11025-529: Was the home of the column " Philologos ". It now runs in Mosaic . Alana Newhouse, who authored what The New York Times called "a coffee-table book" ( A Living Lens: Photographs of Jewish Life From the Pages of The Forward ), was the paper's arts and culture editor. The New York Times described the paper's " A Bintel Brief " feature as "homespun advice ... which predated Dear Abby ." In 2020, The Forward

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